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Zeng YS, Hsueh MH, Lai CJ, Hsiao TC, Pan CY, Huang WC, Chang CH, Wang SH. An Investigation on the Hardness of Polylactic Acid Parts Fabricated via Fused Deposition Modeling. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142789. [PMID: 35890565 PMCID: PMC9324295 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper investigated the hardness property of the fused deposition modeling (FDM)-printed PLA samples via different process parameters of printing and raster angles. The hardness data were sampled from the flat and edge surfaces of the samples. In addition, the effect of hardness characters after the ultraviolet (UV) curing process was analyzed. Furthermore, this research found that the printing and raster angles significantly affected the hardness value of the PLA part, which slightly increased after the UV irradiation. Moreover, the results of this study will provide a reference for the field of FDM application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shan Zeng
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807618, Taiwan; (Y.-S.Z.); (T.-C.H.)
| | - Ming-Hsien Hsueh
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807618, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (M.-H.H.); (C.-J.L.)
| | - Chao-Jung Lai
- Department of Fashion Design and Management, Tainan University of Technology, Tainan 710302, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (M.-H.H.); (C.-J.L.)
| | - Te-Ching Hsiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807618, Taiwan; (Y.-S.Z.); (T.-C.H.)
| | - Chieh-Yu Pan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811213, Taiwan;
| | - Wen-Chen Huang
- Department of Information Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan;
| | - Chih-Hao Chang
- Department of Marketing and Distribution Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan;
| | - Shi-Hao Wang
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807618, Taiwan;
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Hsueh MH, Lai CJ, Liu KY, Chung CF, Wang SH, Pan CY, Huang WC, Hsieh CH, Zeng YS. Effects of Printing Temperature and Filling Percentage on the Mechanical Behavior of Fused Deposition Molding Technology Components for 3D Printing. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2910. [PMID: 34502950 PMCID: PMC8434332 DOI: 10.3390/polym13172910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) has the advantages of providing materials with lightweight microporous structures and customized features, and being environmentally safe. It is widely used in medical sciences, the aerospace industry, biological research, engineering applications, and other fields. Among the many additive manufacturing methods, fused deposition modeling (FDM) is relatively low-cost, wastes less raw material and has a lower technical threshold. This paper presents a study on 3D printing based on FDM by changing two printing parameters, namely the printing temperature and filling percentage. The produced polylactic acid (PLA) material was analyzed through tensile and Shore D hardness tests and the differences in mechanical properties before and after the UV curing process were analyzed. The results show that increasing the filling percentage or increasing the printing temperature can effectively improve the tensile Young's modulus, ultimate tensile strength, elongation, and Shore hardness of the material. The UV curing process could enhance the rigidity and hardness of the material significantly but reduced the strength and toughness of the material. These findings could benefit researchers studying FDM with the goal of achieving sustainable manufactured materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsien Hsueh
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807618, Taiwan; (M.-H.H.); (C.-H.H.); (Y.-S.Z.)
| | - Chao-Jung Lai
- Department of Fashion Design and Management, Tainan University of Technology, Tainan 71002, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Yin Liu
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807618, Taiwan; (M.-H.H.); (C.-H.H.); (Y.-S.Z.)
| | - Cheng-Feng Chung
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807618, Taiwan; (M.-H.H.); (C.-H.H.); (Y.-S.Z.)
| | - Shi-Hao Wang
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807618, Taiwan; (M.-H.H.); (C.-H.H.); (Y.-S.Z.)
| | - Chieh-Yu Pan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Aquaculture, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 811213, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chen Huang
- Department of Information Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsin Hsieh
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807618, Taiwan; (M.-H.H.); (C.-H.H.); (Y.-S.Z.)
| | - Yu-Shan Zeng
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807618, Taiwan; (M.-H.H.); (C.-H.H.); (Y.-S.Z.)
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Schoolaert E, Merckx R, Becelaere J, Everaerts M, Van Guyse JFR, Sedlacek O, De Geest BG, Van den Mooter G, D’hooge DR, De Clerck K, Hoogenboom R. Immiscibility of Chemically Alike Amorphous Polymers: Phase Separation of Poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) and Poly(2- n-propyl-2-oxazoline). Macromolecules 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.0c00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ella Schoolaert
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Tech Lane Science Park 70A, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ronald Merckx
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jana Becelaere
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Tech Lane Science Park 70A, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Melissa Everaerts
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, O&N Herestraat 49 box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Joachim F. R. Van Guyse
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ondrej Sedlacek
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bruno G. De Geest
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Guy Van den Mooter
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, O&N Herestraat 49 box 921, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dagmar R. D’hooge
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Tech Lane Science Park 70A, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Laboratory for Chemical Technology, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Tech Lane Science Park 125, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karen De Clerck
- Centre for Textile Science and Engineering, Department of Materials, Textiles and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Tech Lane Science Park 70A, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard Hoogenboom
- Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry, Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S4, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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