1
|
Ariza-Tarazona MC, Siligardi C, Carreón-López HA, Valdéz-Cerda JE, Pozzi P, Kaushik G, Villarreal-Chiu JF, Cedillo-González EI. Low environmental impact remediation of microplastics: Visible-light photocatalytic degradation of PET microplastics using bio-inspired C,N-TiO 2/SiO 2 photocatalysts. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 193:115206. [PMID: 37392590 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) are plastic particles with sizes between 1 μm and 5 mm with a ubiquitous presence in aquatic ecosystems. MPs harm marine life and can cause severe health problems for humans. Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) that involve the in-situ generation of highly oxidant hydroxyl radicals can be an alternative to fight MPs pollution. Of all the AOPs, photocatalysis has been proven a clean technology to overcome microplastic pollution. This work proposes novel C,N-TiO2/SiO2 photocatalysts with proper visible-active properties to degrade polyethylene terephthalate (PET) MPs. Photocatalysis was performed in an aqueous medium and at room temperature, evaluating the influence of two pH values (pH 6 and 8). The results demonstrated that the degradation of the PET MPs by C,N-TiO2/SiO2 semiconductors is possible, achieving mass losses between 9.35 and 16.22 %.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Camila Ariza-Tarazona
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10/1, Modena 41125, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti, Florence 50121, Italy.
| | - Cristina Siligardi
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10/1, Modena 41125, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti, Florence 50121, Italy
| | - Hugo Alejandro Carreón-López
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad S/N Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - José Enrique Valdéz-Cerda
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad S/N Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Paolo Pozzi
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10/1, Modena 41125, Italy
| | - Garima Kaushik
- Department of Environmental Science, School of Earth Sciences, Central University of Rajasthan, Ajmer 305817, India
| | - Juan Francisco Villarreal-Chiu
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Av. Universidad S/N Ciudad Universitaria, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Nuevo León, Mexico; Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología y Nanotecnología (CIByN), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Parque de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica, Km. 10 Autopista al Aeropuerto Internacional Mariano Escobedo, Apodaca 66628, Nuevo León, Mexico
| | - Erika Iveth Cedillo-González
- Department of Engineering "Enzo Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via P. Vivarelli 10/1, Modena 41125, Italy; National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), Via Giusti, Florence 50121, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zheng Y, Hamed M, De-la-Torre GE, Frias J, Jong MC, Kolandhasamy P, Chavanich S, Su L, Deng H, Zhao W, Shi H. Holes on surfaces of the weathered plastic fragments from coastal beaches. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 193:115180. [PMID: 37352798 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
The surface morphology of weathered plastics undergoes a variety of changes. In this study, 3950 plastic fragments from 26 beaches around the world, were assessed to identify holes. Holes were identified on 123 fragments on 20 beaches, with the highest frequency (10.3 %) being identified at Qesm AL Gomrok Beach in Egypt. The distribution of holes could be divided into even, single-sided, and random types. The external and internal holes were similar in size (37 ± 15 μm) of even type fragments. The external holes were larger than the internal holes in single-sided (516 ± 259 μm and 383 ± 161 μm) and random (588 ± 262 μm and 454 ± 210 μm) fragment types. The external hole sizes were positively correlated with the internal hole sizes for each type. This study reports a novel deformation phenomenon on the surface of weathered plastics and highlights their potential effects on plastics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Mohamed Hamed
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China; Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Gabriel Enrique De-la-Torre
- Grupo de Investigación de Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Sociedad, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
| | - João Frias
- Marine and Freshwater Research Centre (MFRC), Atlantic Technological University (ATU), Galway Campus, Dublin Road, Galway H91 T8NW, Ireland
| | - Mui-Choo Jong
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Prabhu Kolandhasamy
- Departmet of Marine Science, School of Marine Sciences, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu 620024, India
| | - Suchana Chavanich
- Department of Marine Science, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Lei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hua Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wenjun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Huahong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Estuarine and Coastal Research, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Horne FJ, Liggat JJ. Photo‐oxidation of poly(diethylene glycol terephthalate). J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fiona J. Horne
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow Scotland
| | - John J. Liggat
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry University of Strathclyde Glasgow Scotland
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang JW, Feng K, Diaham S, Liao QQ, Zhou X, Putson C. Lifetime Evaluation of Photovoltaic Polymeric Backsheets under Ultraviolet Radiation: From Chemical Properties to Mechanical Modeling. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:45609-45616. [PMID: 36530300 PMCID: PMC9753168 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photovoltaic (PV) power generation plays a significant role with the increase of installed capacity of renewable energy. The effects of environmental stress on insulating backsheets have been considered as the main cause of failure in PV systems. However, traditional aging models are difficult to realize the comprehensive evaluation of the lifetime of insulating backsheets. In this paper, the analytical method of complex chemical degradation related to the insulation was replaced by a physics-based method to quantify the elongation at the break as a function of time corresponding to temperature and radiation. In contrast to traditional aging models, this model simply used one parameter, namely drop-off rate (v), to reflect the degradation of polymers under various environmental stresses. The effect of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on the model was considered. Moreover, the electrical degradation, chemical changes, and mechanical properties caused by UV radiation were investigated to provide the reference for the lifetime of evaluation. The research is significant for comprehensively evaluating the lifetime of insulating materials for PV systems and other power equipment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wei Zhang
- School
of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an
University of Technology, Xi’an, Shannxi710048, China
| | - Kai Feng
- School
of Electrical Engineering, Xi’an
University of Technology, Xi’an, Shannxi710048, China
| | - Sombel Diaham
- Université
de Toulouse, UPS, INPT, LAPLACE (Laboratoire Plasma et Conversion
d’Energie), 118 route de Narbonne, F-31062Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | | | - Xing Zhou
- Faculty
of Printing, Packaging Engineering
and Digital Media Technology, Xi’an
University of Technology, Xi’an, Shannxi710048, China
| | - Chatchai Putson
- Materials
Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University (PSU), Songkhla90112, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shi X, Chen Z, Liu X, Wei W, Ni BJ. The photochemical behaviors of microplastics through the lens of reactive oxygen species: Photolysis mechanisms and enhancing photo-transformation of pollutants. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 846:157498. [PMID: 35870588 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The photoaging mechanisms of various polymers have been explored based on the basic autoxidation scheme (BAS) before 10 years ago, however current research verified some defects in the BAS in both thermodynamic and dynamics. These defects are troublesome because they are associated with the hydrogen abstraction which is central to continuously perform the photooxidation process of microplastics. These found indicated that we might wrongly inferred photo-oxidation process of some microplastics. In addition, the important role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the type-dependent photoaging process of various microplastics has been revealed recently. In this case, fully and accurately understanding the photoaging mechanisms of different microplastics in environment is a priority to further manage the ecological risk of microplastics. Herein, this review aims to revise and update the degradation process of microplastics based on the revised BAS and in the perspective of ROS. Specifically, the modification of BAS is firstly discussed. The photoaging mechanisms of representative microplastics (i.e., polyethylene, polystyrene and polyethylene terephthalate) are then updated based on the corrected BAS. Additionally, the role of ROS in their photolysis process and the possibility of microplastics as photosensitizers/mediators to regulate the fate of co-existent pollutants are also analyzed. Finally, several perspectives are then proposed to guide future research on the photoaging behaviors of microplastics. This review would pave the way for the understanding of microplastic photoaging and the management of plastic pollution in environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingdong Shi
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Zhijie Chen
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Wei Wei
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Weathering of Furan and 2,2’-Bifuran Polyester and Copolyester Films. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.109960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
7
|
Maaskant E, van Es DS. Unexpected Susceptibility of Poly(ethylene furanoate) to UV Irradiation: A Warning Light for Furandicarboxylic Acid? ACS Macro Lett 2021; 10:1616-1621. [PMID: 35549145 PMCID: PMC8697558 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.1c00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Poly(ethylene furanoate) (PEF) is
widely advocated as a renewable
alternative to the fossil-based polyester poly(ethylene terephthalate)
(PET). Whereas the UV stability of PET is well-studied, little is
known for PEF. Here, we compare the UV stability of both polyesters
after 500 h of UV irradiation in a Q-SUN xenon arc chamber. Both the
virgin and irradiated polyesters were characterized by FTIR, SEC,
DSC, NMR, TGA, and MALDI-TOF MS. PET showed only minor signs of degradation
under the applied test conditions, while PEF showed significant discoloration
as well as evidence of both cross linking/chain extension and chain
scission. Also, the thermal properties and the ability to crystallize
of PEF were severely impacted by UV irradiation. Although a detailed
study on the degradation mechanism is out of the scope of this work,
we found indications that Norrish type I and II degradation reactions
play an important role in the UV degradation of PEF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Maaskant
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan S. van Es
- Wageningen Food and Biobased Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Rummel CD, Lechtenfeld OJ, Kallies R, Benke A, Herzsprung P, Rynek R, Wagner S, Potthoff A, Jahnke A, Schmitt-Jansen M. Conditioning Film and Early Biofilm Succession on Plastic Surfaces. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:11006-11018. [PMID: 34339175 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c07875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In the context of environmental plastic pollution, it is still under debate if and how the "plastisphere", a plastic-specific microbial community, emerges. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the first conditioning film of dissolved organic matter (DOM) sorbs selectively to polymer substrates and that microbial attachment is governed in a substrate-dependent manner. We investigated the adsorption of stream water-derived DOM to polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene (PS), and glass (as control) including UV-weathered surfaces by Fourier-transform ion cyclotron mass spectrometry. Generally, the saturated, high-molecular mass and thus more hydrophobic fraction of the original stream water DOM preferentially adsorbed to the substrates. The UV-weathered polymers adsorbed more polar, hydrophilic OM as compared to the dark controls. The amplicon sequencing data of the initial microbial colonization process revealed a tendency of substrate specificity for biofilm attachment after 24 h and a clear convergence of the communities after 72 h of incubation. Conclusively, the adsorbed OM layer developed depending on the materials' surface properties and increased the water contact angles, indicating higher surface hydrophobicity as compared to pristine surfaces. This study improves our understanding of molecular and biological interactions at the polymer/water interface that are relevant to understand the ecological impact of plastic pollution on a community level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph D Rummel
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Oliver J Lechtenfeld
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - René Kallies
- Department of Environmental Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Annegret Benke
- Department of Powder and Suspension Characterization, Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Winterbergstr. 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter Herzsprung
- Department of Lake Research, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Brückstr. 3a, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Robby Rynek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stephan Wagner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Water and Energy Management (iwe), University of Applied Science, Alfons-Goppel-Platz 1, 95028 Hof, Germany
| | - Annegret Potthoff
- Department of Powder and Suspension Characterization, Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems IKTS, Winterbergstr. 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Annika Jahnke
- Department Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52047 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mechthild Schmitt-Jansen
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstr. 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Arp HPH, Kühnel D, Rummel C, MacLeod M, Potthoff A, Reichelt S, Rojo-Nieto E, Schmitt-Jansen M, Sonnenberg J, Toorman E, Jahnke A. Weathering Plastics as a Planetary Boundary Threat: Exposure, Fate, and Hazards. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:7246-7255. [PMID: 33973471 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We described in 2017 how weathering plastic litter in the marine environment fulfils two of three criteria to impose a planetary boundary threat related to "chemical pollution and the release of novel entities": (1) planetary-scale exposure, which (2) is not readily reversible. Whether marine plastics meet the third criterion, (3) eliciting a disruptive impact on vital earth system processes, was uncertain. Since then, several important discoveries have been made to motivate a re-evaluation. A key issue is if weathering macroplastics, microplastics, nanoplastics, and their leachates have an inherently higher potential to elicit adverse effects than natural particles of the same size. We summarize novel findings related to weathering plastic in the context of the planetary boundary threat criteria that demonstrate (1) increasing exposure, (2) fate processes leading to poorly reversible pollution, and (3) (eco)toxicological hazards and their thresholds. We provide evidence that the third criterion could be fulfilled for weathering plastics in sensitive environments and therefore conclude that weathering plastics pose a planetary boundary threat. We suggest future research priorities to better understand (eco)toxicological hazards modulated by increasing exposure and continuous weathering processes, to better parametrize the planetary boundary threshold for plastic pollution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Peter H Arp
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, NO-0806 Oslo, Norway
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), P.O. Box 8900, NO-7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Dana Kühnel
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, DE-04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Rummel
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, DE-04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthew MacLeod
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Annegret Potthoff
- Department of Characterization, Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems (IKTS), DE-01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Sophia Reichelt
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elisa Rojo-Nieto
- Department of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, DE-04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mechthild Schmitt-Jansen
- Department of Bioanalytical Ecotoxicology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, DE-04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johanna Sonnenberg
- Department of Characterization, Fraunhofer Institute for Ceramic Technologies and Systems (IKTS), DE-01277 Dresden, Germany
| | - Erik Toorman
- Hydraulics & Geotechnics Section, Department of Civil Engineering, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 40, Box 2448, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Annika Jahnke
- Department of Ecological Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, DE-04107 Leipzig, Germany
- Institute for Environmental Research, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, DE-52074 Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|