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Zeng J, Lin F, Hsu W, Wang S, Wu Y, Wang X, Cheng H, Zhu Q, Wu H, Song L. Synthesis of cerium-based flame retardant containing phosphorus and its impact on the flammability of polylactic acid. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 271:132636. [PMID: 38795567 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis and characterization of [Ce2(PPPA)4(OH)2]·4H2O, wherein PPPA denotes 3-(hydroxy(phenyl)phosphoryl)propanoate, were conducted. Its potential as a flame-retardant additive for poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) in conjunction with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) was investigated. Remarkably, with just incorporation of the 1 % Ce-complex and 4 % APP, the resulting PLA composite (PLA-8) meets the V-0 standard, exhibiting an impressive limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 29.4 %. Moreover, the introduction of the Ce-complex leads to a significant extension of ignition time (TTI), a significant 24.1 % decrease in total heat release (THR) compared to pure PLA, and a notable increase in residual carbon rate from 0.3 % to 3.51 %. Although PLA-8 exhibits a minor decline of 8.7 % in tensile strength and 3.4 % in elongation at break, respectively, compared to pure PLA, there is a substantial improvement of 32.2 % in Young's modulus and 29.9 % in impact resistance. These results emphasise the potential of cerium-based phosphorus-containing flame retardants, with cerium playing a key role in enhancing the flammability characteristics of PLA. This study contributes to the development of sustainable and fire-resistant materials in polymer chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Materials, Fujian Normal University, Fujian 350007, China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Fenglong Lin
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wayne Hsu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Shenglong Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yincai Wu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xinkun Wang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hongyan Cheng
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qiuyin Zhu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Huiming Wu
- Fuzhou Fusu Science and Technology Research Institute Co., LTD, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Lijun Song
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Photoelectric Functional Materials, Xiamen Institute of Rare Earth Materials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China; Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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Li X, Zheng M, Zhao S, Cao Z, Pan K, Feng X, Zhang H, Zheng M, Wang C. In Situ Polymerization of Antibacterial Modification Polyamide 66 with Au@Cu 2O-ZnO Ternary Heterojunction. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:158. [PMID: 38201823 PMCID: PMC10780995 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In situ polymerization has proven to be an effective route through which to introduce function materials into polyamide materials. In this work, a nano-heterojunction material was evenly dispersed in PA66 via in situ polymerization methods to yield the antimicrobial PA66. The composites showed excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, with strong mechanical properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that metal ions reacted with oxygen-containing functional groups. In addition, the shift of oxygen peaks in XPS spectra confirmed the occurrence of a complexation reaction. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed the effect of nano-heterojunction, which induced crystallization. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed uniform dispersion of heterojunctions in PA66. Tensile testing revealed decreased toughness with higher loadings. The nanocomposite polyamide material has good processing properties which can be processed into thin films, molds, and wires without changing the morphology, and can be widely used in a variety of fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Institute of System Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, People’s Liberation Army, Beijing 100010, China; (X.L.); (X.F.)
| | - Mi Zheng
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (M.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Shikun Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (K.P.)
| | - Zhiwen Cao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (K.P.)
| | - Kai Pan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (S.Z.); (Z.C.); (K.P.)
| | - Xinxing Feng
- Institute of System Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, People’s Liberation Army, Beijing 100010, China; (X.L.); (X.F.)
| | - Hua Zhang
- Institute of System Engineering, Academy of Military Sciences, People’s Liberation Army, Beijing 100010, China; (X.L.); (X.F.)
| | - Min Zheng
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (M.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Cheng Wang
- College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China; (M.Z.); (C.W.)
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Wu Y, Yang T, Cheng Y, Huang T, Yu B, Wu Q, Zhu M, Yu H. Flame Retardancy and Mechanical Properties of Melt-Spun PA66 Fibers Prepared by End-Group Blocking Technology. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15051183. [PMID: 36904424 PMCID: PMC10007604 DOI: 10.3390/polym15051183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Preparing flame-retardant polyamide 66 (PA66) fibers through melt spinning remains one of the biggest challenges nowadays. In this work, dipentaerythritol (Di-PE), an eco-friendly flame retardant, was blended into PA66 to prepare PA66/Di-PE composites and fibers. It was confirmed that Di-PE could significantly improve the flame-retardant properties of PA66 by blocking the terminal carboxyl groups, which was conducive to the formation of a continuous and compact char layer and the reduced production of combustible gas. The combustion results of the composites showed that the limiting oxygen index (LOI) increased from 23.5% to 29.4%, and underwriter laboratories 94 (UL-94) passed the V-0 grade. The peak of heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), and total smoke production (TSP) decreased by 47.3%, 47.8%, and 44.8%, respectively, for the PA66/6 wt% Di-PE composite compared to those recorded for pure PA66. More importantly, the PA66/Di-PE composites possessed excellent spinnability. The prepared fibers still had good mechanical properties (tensile strength: 5.7 ± 0.2 cN/dtex), while maintaining good flame-retardant properties (LOI: 28.6%). This study provides an outstanding industrial production strategy for fabricating flame-retardant PA66 plastics and fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tao Huang
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (B.Y.); (Q.W.)
| | - Bin Yu
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (B.Y.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qilin Wu
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (B.Y.); (Q.W.)
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Yang T, Gao Y, Liu X, Wang X, Ma B, He Y. Flame‐retardant polyamide 56 with high fire safety and good thermal performance. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Yuanbo Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Xiucai Liu
- Cathay Biotechnology Incorporation Shanghai China
| | - Xueli Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Bomou Ma
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, College of Materials Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
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Effects of Modified Layered Double Hydroxides on the Thermal Degradation and Combustion Behaviors of Intumescent Flame Retardant Polyethylene Nanocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14081616. [PMID: 35458367 PMCID: PMC9030746 DOI: 10.3390/polym14081616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The flame retardancy of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) correlates with their structure and dispersion in a polymeric matrix. To improve the flame retardant effectiveness of Mg-Al LDH in polyethylene (PE), 2-carboxy ethyl (phenyl) phosphinic acid (CEPPA) was adopted as a flame retardant modifier to prepare CEPPA-intercalated LDH (CLDH) by the regeneration method, which was then exfoliated in PE by melt blending in the form of a masterbatch prepared from solution mixing. By compounding CLDH with intumescent flame retardant (IFR) composed of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) and pentaerythritol (PER), the thermal degradation and combustion behaviors of the flame retardant PE-based composites were investigated to reveal the flame retardant mechanism between CLDH and IFR in PE. The reactions between CLDH and IFR were revealed to make a predominant contribution to the compact and fully developed char of PE/IFR/CLDH, which enhanced the flame retardancy of the composites.
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Gui Y, Li Y, Wu X, Feng X, Huang G, Deng J, Wang C, Pan K. Recycling extrusion of poly(ether‐
block
‐amide) thermoplastic elastomer (
Pebax
®): the influence of chemical and crystal change on mechanical properties. POLYM INT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.6258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gui
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Yucai Li
- De Zhou Xin Hua Run Technology Co. Ltd Dezhou China
| | - Xin Wu
- De Zhou Xin Hua Run Technology Co. Ltd Dezhou China
| | - Xinxing Feng
- Institute of Quartermaster Engineering and Technology of System Engineering Research Institute PLA Academy of Military Sciences Beijing China
| | - Guotao Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Jianping Deng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Cao Wang
- De Zhou Xin Hua Run Technology Co. Ltd Dezhou China
| | - Kai Pan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
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Huang G, Li S, Li Y, Wu X, Feng X, Gui Y, Deng J, Wang C, Pan K. Preparation and characterization of microcellular foamed thermoplastic polyamide elastomer composite consisting of
EVA
/
TPAE1012. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Guotao Huang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Suyuan Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Yucai Li
- De Zhou Xin Hua Run Technology Co., LTD Dezhou China
| | - Xin Wu
- De Zhou Xin Hua Run Technology Co., LTD Dezhou China
| | - Xinxing Feng
- Institute of Quartermaster Engineering and Technology of System Engineering Research Institute Academy of Military Sciences PLA Beijing China
| | - Yuan Gui
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Jianping Deng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
| | - Cao Wang
- De Zhou Xin Hua Run Technology Co., LTD Dezhou China
| | - Kai Pan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
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