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Skvortsov IY, Kuzin MS, Gerasimenko PS, Mironova MV, Golubev YV, Kulichikhin VG. Non-Coagulant Spinning of High-Strength Fibers from Homopolymer Polyacrylonitrile Synthesized via Anionic Polymerisation. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1185. [PMID: 38732654 PMCID: PMC11085752 DOI: 10.3390/polym16091185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The rheological properties, spinnability, and thermal-oxidative stabilization of high-molecular-weight linear polyacrylonitrile (PAN) homopolymers (molecular weights Mη = 90-500 kg/mol), synthesized via a novel metal-free anionic polymerization method, were investigated to reduce coagulant use, enable solvent recycling, and increase the carbon yield of the resulting carbon fibers. This approach enabled the application of the mechanotropic (non-coagulating) spinning method for homopolymer PAN solutions in a wide range of molecular weights and demonstrated the possibility of achieving a high degree of fiber orientation and reasonable mechanical properties. Rheological analysis revealed a significant increase in solution elasticity (G') with increasing molecular weight, facilitating the choice of optimal deformation rates for effective chain stretching prior to strain-induced phase separation during the eco-friendly spinning of concentrated solutions without using coagulation baths. The possibility of collecting ~80 wt% of the solvent at the first stage of spinning from the as-spun fibers was shown. Transparent, defect-free fibers with a tensile strength of up to 800 MPa and elongation at break of about 20% were spun. Thermal treatment up to 1500 °C yielded carbon fibers with a carbon residue of ~50 wt%, in contrast to ~35 wt% for industrial radically polymerized PAN carbonized under the same conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Yu. Skvortsov
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (M.S.K.); (P.S.G.); (M.V.M.); (Y.V.G.); (V.G.K.)
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Bhangi BK, Ray S. Adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline from water by kappa‐carrageenan and iron oxide nanoparticle‐filled poly (
acrylonitrile‐co‐N
‐vinyl pyrrolidone) composite gel. POLYM ENG SCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.26202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bidyut Kumar Bhangi
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology University of Calcutta Kolkata India
| | - SamitKumar Ray
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology University of Calcutta Kolkata India
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Shen Z, Lan Z, Wang Y, Xu L. Effects of ambient pressure on structural characteristics of polyacrylonitrile pre‐oxidized fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- National Carbon Fiber Engineering Technology Research Center Beijing China
| | - Zecheng Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- National Carbon Fiber Engineering Technology Research Center Beijing China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- National Carbon Fiber Engineering Technology Research Center Beijing China
| | - Lianghua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic‐inorganic Composites Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China
- National Carbon Fiber Engineering Technology Research Center Beijing China
- Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymer Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education Beijing China
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Chen L, Chen J, Shen Z, Liu J, Wang X. New insights into the radial structural differences of polyacrylonitrile fibres during thermal stabilization by the synchronous processing adjustment of time and temperature. RSC Adv 2022; 12:13339-13346. [PMID: 35520124 PMCID: PMC9066436 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra01786e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the synchronous effects of time and temperature on the radial structural differences of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibres during thermal stabilization were investigated. For each sample to achieve equal densities (∼1.36 g cm-3), PAN fibres were thermally stabilized for various times between 8-32 min and at corresponding temperatures of 279-252 °C, which was considered to give a synchronous processing adjustment as a time-temperature integral (TTI). Besides, a previously developed mathematic model was utilized to quantitatively evaluate the differences in the radial heterogeneous structures of the stabilized PAN fibres as a function of TTI. It was found that several structural parameters (e.g., the stabilization degrees, the present crystallinities, and the orientation degrees) of PAN chains in the skin regions that mainly determine the fibres' overall performances were dramatically different from those in the core regions. Meanwhile, based on the TTI model, these skin-structure parameters demonstrated a strong correlation with the tensile properties of the resultant carbon fibres. However, while the stabilized PAN fibres had equal densities, their structural parameters, as well as the properties of the resultant carbon fibres, were obviously different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Chao-Yang District Beijing 100029 China
- Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology Pudong New District Shanghai 201211 China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Chao-Yang District Beijing 100029 China
| | - Zhigang Shen
- Shanghai Research Institute of Petrochemical Technology Pudong New District Shanghai 201211 China
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Chao-Yang District Beijing 100029 China
- Changzhou Institute of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Changzhou Jiangsu 213164 China
| | - Xiaoxu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber and Functional Polymers, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Chao-Yang District Beijing 100029 China
- Changzhou Institute of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology Changzhou Jiangsu 213164 China
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Hartati S, Zulfi A, Maulida PY, Yudhowijoyo A, Dioktyanto M, Saputro KE, Noviyanto A, Rochman NT. Synthesis of Electrospun PAN/TiO 2/Ag Nanofibers Membrane As Potential Air Filtration Media with Photocatalytic Activity. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:10516-10525. [PMID: 35382322 PMCID: PMC8973152 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The PAN/TiO2/Ag nanofibers membrane for air filtration media was successfully synthesized with electrospinning method. The morphology, size, and element percentage of the nanofiber were characterized by a scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy, while X-ray fluorescence and FTIR were used to observe the chemical composition. The water contact angle and UV-vis absorption were measured for physical properties. Performance for air filtration media was measured by pressure drop, efficiency, and quality factor test. TiO2 and Ag have been successfully deposited in nonuniform 570 nm PAN/TiO2/Ag nanofibers. The nanofiber membrane had hydrophilic surface after TiO2 and Ag addition with a water contact angle of 34.58°. UV-vis data showed the shifting of absorbance and band gap energy of nanofibers membrane to visible light from 3.8 to 1.8 eV. The 60 min spun PAN/TiO2/Ag nanofibers membrane had a 96.9% efficiency of PM2.5, comparable to results reported in previous studies. These properties were suitable to be applied on air filtration media with photocatalytic activity for self-cleaning performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sri Hartati
- Nano
Center Indonesia, Jalan Raya PUSPIPTEK, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Akmal Zulfi
- Nano
Center Indonesia, Jalan Raya PUSPIPTEK, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
- National
Research and Innovation Agency, Gedung B.J. Habibie Jalan M.H. Thamrin No. 8, Central Jakarta City 10340, Indonesia
| | | | - Azis Yudhowijoyo
- Nano
Center Indonesia, Jalan Raya PUSPIPTEK, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Mudzakkir Dioktyanto
- Nano
Center Indonesia, Jalan Raya PUSPIPTEK, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Kurniawan Eko Saputro
- Nano
Center Indonesia, Jalan Raya PUSPIPTEK, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
| | - Alfian Noviyanto
- Nano
Center Indonesia, Jalan Raya PUSPIPTEK, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Mercu Buana University, Jl. Meruya Selatan, Kebun Jeruk, Jakarta 11650, Indonesia
| | - Nurul Taufiqu Rochman
- Nano
Center Indonesia, Jalan Raya PUSPIPTEK, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
- Research
Center for Metallurgy and Materials, National Research and Innovation
Agency, PUSPIPTEK, South Tangerang, Banten 15314, Indonesia
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Liu Y, Liu Y, Shang L, Ao Y. Study on the structural evolution of polyacrylonitrile fibers in stepwise heat treatment process and its relationship with properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Yu Liu
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Lei Shang
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Yuhui Ao
- Jilin Province Key Laboratory of Carbon Fiber Development and Application College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
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Groetsch T, Maghe M, Rana R, Hess R, Nunna S, Herron J, Buckmaster D, Creighton C, Varley RJ. Gas Emission Study of the Polyacrylonitrile-Based Continuous Pilot-Scale Carbon Fiber Manufacturing Process. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Groetsch
- Carbon Nexus at the Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Maxime Maghe
- Carbon Nexus at the Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Rohit Rana
- Carbon Nexus at the Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Ryan Hess
- Carbon Nexus at the Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Srinivas Nunna
- Carbon Nexus at the Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - John Herron
- Carbon Nexus at the Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Derek Buckmaster
- Carbon Nexus at the Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Claudia Creighton
- Carbon Nexus at the Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
| | - Russell J. Varley
- Carbon Nexus at the Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3216, Australia
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Process Optimization for Manufacturing PAN-Based Conductive Yarn with Carbon Nanomaterials through Wet Spinning. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13203544. [PMID: 34685301 PMCID: PMC8537922 DOI: 10.3390/polym13203544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to manufacture PAN-based conductive yarn using a wet-spinning process. Two types of carbon nanomaterials, multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and carbon nanofiber (CNF), were used alone or in a mixture. First, to derive the optimal composite solution condition for the wet spinning process, a composite solution was prepared with carbon nanomaterials of the same total mass weight (%) and three types of mechanical stirring were performed: mechanical stirring, ultra-sonication, and ball milling. A ball milling process was finally selected by analyzing the viscosity. Based on the above results, 8, 16, 24, and 32 wt% carbon nanomaterial/PAN composite solutions were prepared to produce wet spinning-based composite films before preparing a conductive yarn, and their physical and electrical properties were examined. By measuring the viscosity of the composite solution and the surface resistance of the composite film according to the type and content of carbon nanomaterials, a suitable range of viscosity was found from 103 cP to 105 cP, and the electrical percolation threshold was from 16 wt% carbon nanomaterial/PAN, which showed a surface resistance of 106 Ω/sq or less. Wet spinning was possible with a PAN-based composite solution with a high content of carbon nanomaterials. The crystallinity, crystal orientation, tenacity, and thermal properties were improved when CNF was added up to 24 wt%. On the other hand, the properties deteriorated when CNTs were added alone due to aggregation. Mixing CNT and CNF resulted in poorer properties than with CNF alone, but superior properties to CNT alone. In particular, the electrical properties after incorporating 8 wt% CNT/16 wt% CNF into the PAN, 106 Ω/cm was similar to the PAN-based conductive yarn containing 32 wt% CNF. Therefore, this yarn is expected to be applicable to various smart textiles and wearable devices because of its improved physical properties such as strength and conductivity.
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Ge Y, Fu Z, Deng Y, Zhang H. Effect of nitrogen pretreatment on the skin‐core structure of thermal oxidative stabilization polyacrylonitrile fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Ge
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Zhongyu Fu
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Yunjiao Deng
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
| | - Huixuan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Synthetic Resin and Special Fiber, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering Changchun University of Technology Changchun China
- Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Science Changchun China
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Moskowitz JD, Jackson MB, Tucker A, Cook JD. Evolution of polyacrylonitrile precursor fibers and the effect of stretch profile in wet spinning. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amy Tucker
- Solvay Composite Materials Piedmont South Carolina USA
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