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Hsu TG, Liu S, Guan X, Yoon S, Zhou J, Chen WY, Gaire S, Seylar J, Chen H, Wang Z, Rivera J, Wu L, Ziegler CJ, McKenzie R, Wang J. Mechanochemically accessing a challenging-to-synthesize depolymerizable polymer. Nat Commun 2023; 14:225. [PMID: 36641481 PMCID: PMC9840636 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35925-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymers with low ceiling temperatures (Tc) are highly desirable as they can depolymerize under mild conditions, but they typically suffer from demanding synthetic conditions and poor stability. We envision that this challenge can be addressed by developing high-Tc polymers that can be converted into low-Tc polymers on demand. Here, we demonstrate the mechanochemical generation of a low-Tc polymer, poly(2,5-dihydrofuran) (PDHF), from an unsaturated polyether that contains cyclobutane-fused THF in each repeat unit. Upon mechanically induced cycloreversion of cyclobutane, each repeat unit generates three repeat units of PDHF. The resulting PDHF completely depolymerizes into 2,5-dihydrofuran in the presence of a ruthenium catalyst. The mechanochemical generation of the otherwise difficult-to-synthesize PDHF highlights the power of polymer mechanochemistry in accessing elusive structures. The concept of mechanochemically regulating the Tc of polymers can be applied to develop next-generation sustainable plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze-Gang Hsu
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 170 University Ave, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Shiqi Liu
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 170 University Ave, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Xin Guan
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 170 University Ave, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Seiyoung Yoon
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 170 University Ave, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Junfeng Zhou
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 170 University Ave, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Wei-Yuan Chen
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, 170 University Ave, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Sanjay Gaire
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, 170 University Ave, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Joshua Seylar
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 170 University Ave, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Hanlin Chen
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 170 University Ave, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Zeyu Wang
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 170 University Ave, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Jared Rivera
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 170 University Ave, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Leyao Wu
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 170 University Ave, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Christopher J Ziegler
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Akron, 170 University Ave, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Ruel McKenzie
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 170 University Ave, Akron, OH, 44325, USA
| | - Junpeng Wang
- School of Polymer Science and Polymer Engineering, The University of Akron, 170 University Ave, Akron, OH, 44325, USA.
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Klok HA, Herrmann A, Göstl R. Force ahead: Emerging Applications and Opportunities of Polymer Mechanochemistry. ACS POLYMERS AU 2022; 2:208-212. [PMID: 35971420 PMCID: PMC9372995 DOI: 10.1021/acspolymersau.2c00029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Harm-Anton Klok
- Institut
des Matériaux and Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie
Chimiques, Laboratoire des Polymères, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 12, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Herrmann
- DWI
− Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
- Institute
of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Robert Göstl
- DWI
− Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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