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Nazar M, Ahmad A, Hussain SMS, Moniruzzaman M. Binary mixture of ionic liquid and span 80 for oil spill remediation: Synthesis and performance evaluation. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 202:116311. [PMID: 38574502 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The synthesis of new surfactants helps to mitigate the environmental and financial effects of oil spills by providing efficient cleanup options. Herein, this study provides the development of a binary mixture of Span 80 and Choline myristate [Cho][Mys], a surface-active ionic liquid (SAIL) as green dispersant for oil spill remediation. The synergistic interaction at a 60:40 (w/w) ratio significantly lowered the critical micelle concentration (cmc) to 0.029 mM. Dispersion efficiency tests with Arab crude oil showed optimal performance at a 60:40 ratio of Span 80 and [Cho][Mys] (1:25 dispersant to oil ratio, v/v), achieving 81.16 % dispersion effectiveness in the baffled flask test. The binary mixture demonstrated superior emulsion stability (6 h) and the lowest interfacial tension (1.12 mN/m). Acute toxicity experiments revealed the dispersant's practical non-toxicity with an LC50 value of 600 mg/L. Overall, this environmentally benign surfactant combination shows promise as a safe and effective oil spill dispersant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masooma Nazar
- Center for Integrative Petroleum Research (CIPR), College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Center for Refining & Advanced Chemicals, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Syed Muhammad Shakil Hussain
- Center for Integrative Petroleum Research (CIPR), College of Petroleum Engineering and Geosciences, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad Moniruzzaman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
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Wang PS, Ahmad A, Nazar M, Rahmah AU, Moniruzzaman M. Biocompatible and Biodegradable Surfactants from Orange Peel for Oil Spill Remediation. Molecules 2023; 28:5794. [PMID: 37570764 PMCID: PMC10421384 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oil spill remediation plays a vital role in mitigating the environmental impacts caused by oil spills. The chemical method is one of the widely recognized approaches in chemical surfactants. However, the most commonly used chemical surfactants are toxic and non-biodegradable. Herein, two biocompatible and biodegradable surfactants were synthesized from orange peel using the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (BMIMCl) and organic solvent dimethylacetamide (CH3CN(CH3)2) as reaction media. The acronyms SOPIL and SOPOS refer to the surfactants prepared with BMIMCl and dimethylacetamide, respectively. The surface tension, dispersant effectiveness, optical microscopy, and emulsion stability test were conducted to examine the comparative performance of the synthesized surfactants. The Baffled flask test (BFT) was carried out to determine the dispersion effectiveness. The toxicity test was performed against zebrafish (Danio rerio), whereas the closed bottle test (CBT) evaluated biodegradability. The results revealed that the critical micelle concentration (CMC) value of SOPIL was lower (8.57 mg/L) than that of SOPOS (9.42 mg/L). The dispersion effectiveness values for SOPIL and SOPOS were 69.78% and 40.30%, respectively. The acute toxicity test demonstrated that SOPIL was 'practically non-toxic' with a median lethal concentration of more than 1000 mg/L after 96 h. The biodegradation rate was recorded as higher than 60% for both surfactants within 28 days, demonstrating their readily biodegradable nature. Considering these attributes, biocompatible and biodegradable surfactants derived from orange peel emerge as a promising and sustainable alternative for oil spill remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Soon Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (P.S.W.); (A.A.); (M.N.)
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (P.S.W.); (A.A.); (M.N.)
| | - Masooma Nazar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (P.S.W.); (A.A.); (M.N.)
| | - Anisa Ur Rahmah
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, Kartasura 57162, Sukoharjo, Indonesia;
| | - Muhammad Moniruzzaman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia; (P.S.W.); (A.A.); (M.N.)
- Center of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Seri Iskandar 32610, Perak, Malaysia
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Orduna L, Otaegi I, Aranburu N, Guerrica-Echevarría G. Effect of the Simultaneous Addition of Polycaprolactone and Carbon Nanotubes on the Mechanical, Electrical, and Adhesive Properties of Epoxy Resins Cured with Ionic Liquids. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15071607. [PMID: 37050221 PMCID: PMC10097337 DOI: 10.3390/polym15071607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrically-conductive epoxy nanocomposites (NCs) with improved mechanical and adhesive properties were achieved through the combined addition of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Three different ionic liquids (ILs) were used as dual role agents, i.e., as both curing and dispersing agents. Regardless of the IL used, the epoxy/PCL matrix of the NCs showed a single-phase behaviour and similar glass transition (Tg) and crosslinking density (νe) values to the unfilled epoxy/PCL/IL systems. Although the CNTs were more poorly dispersed in the epoxy/PCL/CNT/IL NCs than in the reference epoxy/CNT/IL NCs, which led to slightly lower electrical conductivity values, the epoxy/PCL/CNT/IL NCs were still semiconductive. Their low-strain mechanical properties (i.e., flexural modulus and flexural strength) were similar or better than those of the reference epoxy/IL systems and their high-strain mechanical properties (i.e., deformation at break and impact strength) were significantly better. In addition, the positive effects of the PCL and the CNTs on the adhesive properties of the epoxy/IL system were combined. The substitution of ILs for traditional amine-based curing agents and biodegradable PCL for part of the epoxy resin represents an important advance on the road towards greater sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Orduna
- POLYMAT and Department of Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Itziar Otaegi
- POLYMAT and Department of Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Nora Aranburu
- POLYMAT and Department of Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Guerrica-Echevarría
- POLYMAT and Department of Advanced Polymers and Materials: Physics, Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
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Orduna L, Otaegi I, Aranburu N, Guerrica-Echevarría G. Ionic Liquids as Alternative Curing Agents for Conductive Epoxy/CNT Nanocomposites with Improved Adhesive Properties. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:725. [PMID: 36839093 PMCID: PMC9966306 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Good dispersion of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) together with effective curing were obtained in epoxy/CNT nanocomposites (NCs) using three different ionic liquids (ILs). Compared to conventional amine-cured epoxy systems, lower electrical percolation thresholds were obtained in some of the IL-based epoxy systems. For example, the percolation threshold of the trihexyltetradecylphosphonium dicyanamide (IL-P-DCA)-based system was 0.001 wt.%. The addition of CNTs was not found to have any significant effect on the thermal or low-strain mechanical properties of the nanocomposites, but it did improve their adhesive properties considerably compared to the unfilled systems. This study demonstrates that ILs can be used to successfully replace traditional amine-based curing agents for the production of electrically conductive epoxy/CNT NCs and adhesives, as a similar or better balance of properties was achieved. This represents a step towards greater sustainability given that the vapor pressure of ILs is low, and the amount needed to effectively cure epoxy resins is significantly lower than any of their counterparts.
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Ahmad A, Mansor N, Mahmood H, Sharif F, Safdar R, Moniruzzaman M. Evaluation thermal degradation kinetics of ionic liquid assisted polyetheretherketone‐multiwalled carbon nanotubes composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aqeel Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Seri Iskandar Malaysia
- Center of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL) Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Seri Iskandar Malaysia
| | - Nurlidia Mansor
- Centre for Student Development Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Seri Iskandar Malaysia
| | - Hamayoun Mahmood
- Department of Chemical, Polymer and Composite Materials Engineering University of Engineering and Technology (UET) Lahore Pakistan
| | - Faiza Sharif
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Safdar
- Chemical Engineering in Advanced Materials and Renewable Energy Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology Van Lang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam
| | - Muhammad Moniruzzaman
- Department of Chemical Engineering Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Seri Iskandar Malaysia
- Center of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL) Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Seri Iskandar Malaysia
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Fatima Haq F, Mahmood H, Iqbal T, Measam Ali M, Jafar Khan M, Moniruzzaman M. Development of sustainable biocomposite panels assisted with deep eutectic solvent pretreatment of agro-industrial residue. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Ahmad A, Mansor N, Mahmood H, Iqbal T, Moniruzzaman M. Effect of ionic liquids on thermomechanical properties of polyetheretherketone‐multiwalled carbon nanotubes nanocomposites. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aqeel Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Bandar Seri Iskandar Malaysia
- Center of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Bandar Seri Iskandar Malaysia
| | - Nurlidia Mansor
- Centre for Student Development, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Bandar Seri Iskandar Malaysia
| | - Hamayoun Mahmood
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Engineering and Technology (UET), New Campus Lahore Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Iqbal
- Department of Chemical Engineering University of Engineering and Technology (UET), New Campus Lahore Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Moniruzzaman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Bandar Seri Iskandar Malaysia
- Center of Research in Ionic Liquids (CORIL), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Bandar Seri Iskandar Malaysia
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Mahmood H, Mehmood S, Shakeel A, Iqbal T, Kazmi MA, Khurram AR, Moniruzzaman M. Glycerol Assisted Pretreatment of Lignocellulose Wheat Straw Materials as a Promising Approach for Fabrication of Sustainable Fibrous Filler for Biocomposites. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:388. [PMID: 33530601 PMCID: PMC7865469 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycerol pretreatment is a promising method for the environmentally-friendly transformation of lignocellulosic materials into sustainable cellulose-rich raw materials (i.e., biopolymer) to fabricate biocomposites. Here, a comparison of aqueous acidified glycerol (AAG) pretreatment of wheat straw (WS) with alkaline, hot water, and dilute acid pretreatments on the thermal and mechanical characteristics of their fabricated composite board is presented. A comparison of total energy expenditure during WS pretreatment with AAG and other solutions was estimated and a comparative influence of AAG processing on lignocellulosic constituents and thermal stability of WS fiber was studied. Results imply that AAG pretreatment was superior in generating cellulose-rich fiber (CRF) as compared to other pretreatments and enhanced the cellulose contents by 90% compared to raw WS fiber. Flexural strength of acidic (40.50 MPa) and hot water treated WS composite (38.71 MPa) was higher compared to the value of 33.57 MPa for untreated composite, but AAG-treated composites exhibited lower values of flexural strength (22.22 MPa) compared to untreated composite samples. Conversely, AAG pretreatment consumed about 56% lesser energy for each kg of WS processed as compared to other pretreatments. These findings recognize that glycerol pretreatment could be a clean and new pretreatment strategy to convert agricultural waste into high-quality CRF as a sustainable raw material source for engineered biocomposite panels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamayoun Mahmood
- Department of Chemical, Polymer & Composite Materials Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, New Campus, Lahore 54890, Pakistan; (H.M.); (S.M.); (T.I.); (M.A.K.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Saqib Mehmood
- Department of Chemical, Polymer & Composite Materials Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, New Campus, Lahore 54890, Pakistan; (H.M.); (S.M.); (T.I.); (M.A.K.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Ahmad Shakeel
- Department of Chemical, Polymer & Composite Materials Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, New Campus, Lahore 54890, Pakistan; (H.M.); (S.M.); (T.I.); (M.A.K.); (A.R.K.)
- Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628 CN Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Tanveer Iqbal
- Department of Chemical, Polymer & Composite Materials Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, New Campus, Lahore 54890, Pakistan; (H.M.); (S.M.); (T.I.); (M.A.K.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Mohsin Ali Kazmi
- Department of Chemical, Polymer & Composite Materials Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, New Campus, Lahore 54890, Pakistan; (H.M.); (S.M.); (T.I.); (M.A.K.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Abdul Rehman Khurram
- Department of Chemical, Polymer & Composite Materials Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, New Campus, Lahore 54890, Pakistan; (H.M.); (S.M.); (T.I.); (M.A.K.); (A.R.K.)
| | - Muhammad Moniruzzaman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak 32610, Malaysia;
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