1
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Cheng HL, Chu N, Jin FL, Park SJ. Role of Copper Nanoparticles in the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Expanded Graphite-Reinforced Epoxy Hybrids. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:17533-17540. [PMID: 38645326 PMCID: PMC11025089 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Epoxy resin is extensively applied in the electronics and electrical fields because of its outstanding comprehensive performance. However, the low thermal conductivity (TC) limits its application in thermal interface materials. In the present work, epoxy-based hybrid composites with high TC were prepared by using expanded graphite (EG) and copper (Cu) nanoparticles as thermally conductive hybrid fillers via hot blending and compression-curing processes. Additionally, the influence of the Cu content on the thermal properties, mechanical properties, and morphology of each epoxy/EG/Cu composite was investigated. According to the results, the epoxy/EG/Cu composite showed a maximum TC of 9.74 W/(m·K) at a fixed EG content of 60 wt % owing to the addition of 10 wt % Cu. After the addition of 10 wt % Cu, the flexural strength, flexural modulus, and impact strengths of epoxy/EG/Cu composites were improved from 27.9 MPa, 9.72 GPa, and 0.81 kJ/m2 to 37.5 MPa, 10.88 GPa, and 0.91 kJ/m2, respectively. Hence, this study offers a feasible strategy for the design of epoxy hybrid composites with excellent TC that can be applied to thermal interface materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Long Cheng
- Department
of Polymer Materials, Jilin Institute of
Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Na Chu
- Department
of Polymer Materials, Jilin Institute of
Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Fan-Long Jin
- Department
of Polymer Materials, Jilin Institute of
Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Soo-Jin Park
- Department
of Chemistry, Inha University, Michuhol-gu, Incheon 22212, South Korea
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2
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Liu Y, Dou Q. Improving the compatibility and toughness of sustainable polylactide/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) blends by incorporation of peroxide and diacrylate. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129355. [PMID: 38218295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Polylactide/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PLA/PBAT) blends were compatibilized using dicumyl peroxide (DCP) and poly(ethylene glycol) 600 diacrylate (PEG600DA) through a one-step melt-blending process. The compatibility and performance of these blends were subsequently characterized. The results showed that grafts formed "in situ" effectively improved the compatibility and interfacial adhesion between PLA and PBAT phases. Melt viscosity and elasticity of both the PLA/PBAT/DCP and PLA/PBAT/DCP/PEG600DA blends evinced significant increases. Compared to PLA alone, both cold and melt crystallization abilities of the PLA/PBAT/DCP/PEG600DA blends were enhanced, with crystallinities increasing by 5 % - 10 %. Furthermore, the thermal stability, as well as hydrophobicity and oleophobicity of the compatibilized blends improved. In comparison with PLA, the elongation at break and notched impact strength for the PLA/PBAT/DCP/PEG600DA (60/40/0.1/4) blend achieved increases of 290 % and 44.23 kJ/m2, corresponding to improvements of 279 % and 1457 %, respectively. The toughening effect was substantially influenced by the ductile matrix (either a co-continuous phase or a flexible PBAT matrix) in addition to the strong interfacial adhesion and fine phase domain. These eco-friendly blends exhibit considerable potential for packaging articles and 3D printing products owing to their excellent mechanical properties and enhanced melt rheology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China
| | - Qiang Dou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, PR China.
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3
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Li YC, Lee SY, Wang H, Jin FL, Park SJ. Enhanced Electrical Properties and Impact Strength of Phenolic Formaldehyde Resin Using Silanized Graphene and Ionic Liquid. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:294-303. [PMID: 38222635 PMCID: PMC10785615 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
In this study, to improve the electrical properties and impact strength of phenolic formaldehyde (PF) resin, PF-based composites were prepared by mixing graphene and the ionic liquid 3-decyl-bis(1-vinyl-1H-imidazole-3-ium-bromide) (C10[VImBr]2) via hot blending and compression-curing processes. The graphene surface was modified using a silane coupling agent. The synergistic effect of graphene and C10[VImBr]2 on the electrical properties, electromagnetic shielding efficiency, thermal stability, impact strength, and morphology of PF/graphene and PF/graphene/C10[VImBr]2 composites was then investigated. It was found that the electrical conductivity of the composites significantly increased from 2.3 × 10-10 to 4.14 × 10-3 S/m with an increase in the graphene content from 0 to 15 wt %, increasing further to 0.145 S/m with the addition of 5 wt % C10[VImBr]2. The electromagnetic shielding efficiency of the composite increased from 4.70 to 28.64 dB with the addition of 15 wt % graphene, while the impact strength of the composites rose significantly from 0.59 to 1.13 kJ/m2 with an increase in the graphene content from 0 to 15 wt %, reaching 1.53 kJ/m2 with the addition of 5 wt % C10[VImBr]2. Scanning electron microscopy images of the PF/GNP/C10[VImBr]2 composites revealed a rough morphology with numerous microcracks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Chun Li
- Department
of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin City 132022, People’s Republic of China
| | - Seul-Yi Lee
- Department
of Chemistry, Inha University, Inharo 100, Incheon 22212, South Korea
| | - Hong Wang
- Institute
of Petrochemical Technology, Jilin Institute
of Chemical Technology, Jilin City 132022, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Fan-Long Jin
- Department
of Polymer Materials, Jilin Institute of
Chemical Technology, Jilin City 132022, People’s
Republic of China
| | - Soo-Jin Park
- Department
of Chemistry, Inha University, Inharo 100, Incheon 22212, South Korea
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4
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Pesaranhajiabbas E, Misra M, Mohanty AK. Recent progress on biodegradable polylactic acid based blends and their biocomposites: A comprehensive review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126231. [PMID: 37567528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Being less dependent on non-renewable resources as well as protecting the environment from waste streams have become two critical primers for a global movement toward replacing conventional plastics with renewable and biodegradable polymers. Despite all these efforts, only a few biodegradable polymers have paved their way successfully into the market. Polylactic acid is one of these biodegradable polymers that has been investigated thoroughly by researchers as well as manufactured on a large industrial scale. It is synthesized from lactic acid obtained mainly from the biological fermentation of carbohydrates, which makes this material a renewable polymer. Besides its renewability, it benefits from some attractive mechanical performances including high strength and stiffness, though brittleness is a major drawback of this biopolymer. Accordingly, the development of blends and biocomposites based on polylactic acid with highly flexible biodegradable polymers, specifically poly(butylene adipate co terephthalate) has been the objective of many investigations recently. This paper focuses on the blends and biocomposites based on these two biopolymers, specifically their mechanical, rheological, and biodegradation, the main characteristics that are crucial for being considered as a biodegradable substitution for conventional non-biodegradable polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Pesaranhajiabbas
- School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada; Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada
| | - Manjusri Misra
- School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada; Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Amar K Mohanty
- School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada; Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building, University of Guelph, Guelph N1G 2W1, Ontario, Canada.
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5
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Guo H, Zou X, Dai W, Zhang P, Xiao B. Properties and morphology of polylactic acid composites reinforced by orientation aligned calcium carbonate whisker. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Guo
- College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan Hunan People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials & Application Technology of Hunan Province Xiangtan University Xiangtan Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zou
- College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan Hunan People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials & Application Technology of Hunan Province Xiangtan University Xiangtan Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Dai
- College of Chemistry Xiangtan University Xiangtan Hunan People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Polymeric Materials & Application Technology of Hunan Province Xiangtan University Xiangtan Hunan People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Hongda Polymer Materials Co., Ltd Zhuzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Bingrong Xiao
- Hongda Polymer Materials Co., Ltd Zhuzhou People's Republic of China
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6
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Zhou G, Liu W, Yin H, Zhang Y, Huang C. Effect of nano‐sized zinc citrate on the supercritical carbon dioxide‐assisted extrusion foaming behavior of poly(lactic acid). J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou University Wenzhou China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Institute of New Materials & Industry Technology Wenzhou University Wenzhou China
| | - Haiyan Yin
- Biomaterials Division, Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou China
| | - Yinhang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou University Wenzhou China
| | - Chengzhe Huang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou University Wenzhou China
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7
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Petousis M, Vidakis N, Mountakis N, Papadakis V, Tzounis L. Three-Dimensional Printed Polyamide 12 (PA12) and Polylactic Acid (PLA) Alumina (Al 2O 3) Nanocomposites with Significantly Enhanced Tensile, Flexural, and Impact Properties. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:nano12234292. [PMID: 36500915 PMCID: PMC9740054 DOI: 10.3390/nano12234292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The effect of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) as a reinforcing agent of Polyamide 12 (PA12) and Polylactic acid (PLA) in fused filament fabrication (FFF) three-dimensional printing (3DP) is reported herein for the first time. Alumina NPs are incorporated via a melt-mixing compounding process, at four different filler loadings. Neat as well as nanocomposite 3DP filaments are prepared as feedstock for the 3DP manufacturing of specimens which are thoroughly investigated for their mechanical properties. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) and Raman spectroscopy (RS) proved the nature of the materials. Their morphological characteristics were thoroughly investigated with scanning electron and atomic force microscopy. Al2O3 NPs exhibited a positive reinforcement mechanism at all filler loadings, while the mechanical percolation threshold with the maximum increase of performance was found between 1.0-2.0 wt.% filler loading (1.0 wt.% for PA12, 41.1%, and 56.4% increase in strength and modulus, respectively; 2.0 wt.% for PLA, 40.2%, and 27.1% increase in strength and modulus, respectively). The combination of 3DP and polymer engineering using nanocomposite PA12 and PLA filaments with low-cost filler additives, e.g., Al2O3 NPs, could open new avenues towards a series of potential applications using thermoplastic engineering polymers in FFF 3DP manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markos Petousis
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71004 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nectarios Vidakis
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71004 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Mountakis
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71004 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Vassilis Papadakis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, 71110 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Lazaros Tzounis
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Estavromenos, 71004 Heraklion, Greece
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-2810-379864
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8
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Jiang D, Chu N, Zhang Y, Wang W, Jin F, Park S. Improved thermal conductivity of epoxy resins using silane coupling agent‐modified expanded graphite. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Jiang
- Carbon Fiber Materials Research Institute Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Na Chu
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University Changchun People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Research Institute of Jilin Petrochemical Company PetroChina Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Wei‐Dong Wang
- School of Mechanical and Resource Engineering Wuzhou University Wuzhou People's Republic of China
| | - Fan‐Long Jin
- Department of Polymer Materials Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Soo‐Jin Park
- Department of Chemistry Inha University Incheon South Korea
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9
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Li Y, Tang K, Jin F, Park S. Enhanced thermal stability and impact strength of phenolic formaldehyde resin using acid‐treated basalt scales. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐Chun Li
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Jilin City China
| | - Kai‐Jun Tang
- Changchun Faway Tongyang Automobile Plastic Componets Co., Ltd. Jilin City China
| | - Fan‐Long Jin
- Department of Polymer Materials Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Jilin City China
| | - Soo‐Jin Park
- Department of Chemistry Inha University Michuhol‐gu South Korea
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10
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Critical Review on Polylactic Acid: Properties, Structure, Processing, Biocomposites, and Nanocomposites. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124312. [PMID: 35744371 PMCID: PMC9228835 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Composite materials are emerging as a vital entity for the sustainable development of both humans and the environment. Polylactic acid (PLA) has been recognized as a potential polymer candidate with attractive characteristics for applications in both the engineering and medical sectors. Hence, the present article throws lights on the essential physical and mechanical properties of PLA that can be beneficial for the development of composites, biocomposites, films, porous gels, and so on. The article discusses various processes that can be utilized in the fabrication of PLA-based composites. In a later section, we have a detailed discourse on the various composites and nanocomposites-based PLA along with the properties’ comparisons, discussing our investigation on the effects of various fibers, fillers, and nanofillers on the mechanical, thermal, and wear properties of PLA. Lastly, the various applications in which PLA is used extensively are discussed in detail.
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11
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Yao S, Wang H, Jin F, Park S. Synthesis of the ionic liquid 1,2‐dimethyl‐3‐butylimidazole bromide salt and its application in phenolic‐formaldehyde‐resin‐based conductive materials. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shan‐Shan Yao
- Department of Polymer Materials Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Jilin City People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Wang
- Institute of Petrochemical Technology Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Fan‐Long Jin
- Department of Polymer Materials Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology Jilin City People's Republic of China
| | - Soo‐Jin Park
- Department of Chemistry Inha University Incheon South Korea
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12
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Akshaykranth A, Jayarambabu N, Venkatappa Rao T, Rakesh Kumar R, Srinivasa Rao L. Antibacterial activity study of ZnO incorporated biodegradable poly (lactic acid) films for food packaging applications. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04126-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Yao SS, Gao MZ, Feng ZY, Jin FL, Park SJ. Thermal and mechanical properties of poly(latic acid) reinforced with silanized basalt scales. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-1014-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Enhanced electrical conductivity and electromagnetic shielding efficiency of epoxy resin using graphene nanoplatelets. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-1007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Wang H, Yao SS, Guan Z, Jin FL, Park SJ. Electrical property improvement of phenolic formaldehyde resin with graphene and ionic liquid. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-021-0860-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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