1
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Zhang R, Tang L, Ji X, Su Y, Xu N, Feng Y, Pan L. Continuous preparation and antibacterial mechanisms of biodegradable polylactic acid/nano-zinc oxide/additives antibacterial non-wovens. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:132188. [PMID: 38723808 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA)/nano‑zinc oxide (ZnO)/additives non-woven slices were prepared by melt blending method. The effects of antibacterial agent nano-ZnO, antioxidant pentaerythrityl tetrakis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionate (1010), and chain extender multi-functional epoxy (ADR), on the melt flow rate, mechanical properties, thermal stabilities and micromorphology of the slices were investigated. The melt flow rate decreased from 26.94 g/10 min to 17.76 g/10 min, and the tensile strength increased from 10.518 MPa to 30.427 MPa with the increase of nano-ZnO and additives content. The slices were further spunbonded. The wettability and antibacterial properties of PLA/nano-ZnO/additives antibacterial non-wovens were studied, and the antibacterial action mechanism was clarified. The results showed that the biodegradable PLA/nano-ZnO/additives antibacterial non-wovens were prepared continuously successfully. The prepared non-woven fabrics exhibited good hydrophobicity and antibacterial properties. The mechanism study shows that zinc ion produced by nano-ZnO and photocatalytic reaction make the fabrics have good antibacterial activity at low nano-ZnO content. When nano-ZnO concentration reaches 1.5 wt%, the antibacterial rate against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus reaches 98.52 % and 98.13 %, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Linqing Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Xu Ji
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Yinghua Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Nai Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Yuhong Feng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China
| | - Lisha Pan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, Hainan, China.
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2
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Li D, Tu Z, Wang B, Li M, Jia Z, Wei Z. Synthesis of renewable furan-based phosphate and the superior flame retardancy in biodegradable polylactide. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130435. [PMID: 38408585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Currently, it has long been considered a challenge to provide sustainable additives for polylactide (PLA) in green way to endow it excellent comprehensive properties. Given the flammability and unsatisfactory crystallization performance of PLA, a furan-based phosphate furfurylamine trimethylphosphate (FATMP) was synthesized from 2-furfurylamine and amino trimethylphosphonic acid by a simple hydration reaction, and the PLA/FATMP composites were prepared by melting blending process. The tensile performance, crystallization behaviors, flame retardancy, and flame-retardant mechanism received special attention. Results showed that the incorporation of only 3 wt% FATMP could indeed increase the LOI value of PLA from 19.8 to 27.3 %, and simultaneously acquired V-0 rating in the vertical burning test owing to the favorable synergistic effect between the vapor phase and the condensed phase. Additionally, the half-crystallization time of PLA was decreased from 12.4 to 5.1 mins with the addition of FATMP, which acted as a nucleating agent. More appealingly, the tensile performance of PLA/FATMP composites was also well maintained. In general, the PLA/FATMP composites we proposed could be promising candidates in application fields where favorable flame retardancy and crystallization ability are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhu Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Minglong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zihan Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhiyong Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Liaoning Key Laboratory of Polymer Science and Engineering, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China.
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3
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Zhang X, Yang Y, Li M, Wu J, Zhu Z, Bi C, Xie Y, Wang T, Sun Y, Yin J, Xie Z, Liu F, Wang J, Yang J. Modified β-cyclodextrin microspheres towards the application in intumescent fire resistance and smoke-suppressing of bio-based poly(L-lactic acid). Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 234:123666. [PMID: 36801221 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, the β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) was modified by a phosphazene compound to prepare a novel amorphous derivate (β-CDCP), which was combined with the ammonium polyphosphate (APP) as a synergistic flame retardant (FR) of the bio-based poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA). The effects of the APP/β-CDCP on the thermal stability, combustion behavior, pyrolysis process, fire resistance performance and crystallizability of the PLA were investigated comprehensively and in depth by thermogravimetric (TG) analysis, limited oxygen index (LOI) analysis, UL-94 test, cone calorimetry measurement, TG-infrared (TG-IR), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometer, Raman spectroscopy, pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and differential scanning calorimetry. The PLA/5%APP/10%β-CDCP showed a highest LOI of 33.2 %, passed V-0 rating and exhibited self-extinguish phenomenon in the UL-94 test. Also, it presented a lowest peak of heat release rate, total heat release, peak of smoke production rate and total smoke release, and a highest char yield treated by cone calorimetry analysis. In addition, the 5%APP/10%β-CDCP shortened significantly crystallization time and enhanced crystallization rate of the PLA. Gas phase and intumescent condensed phase fire proofing mechanisms are proposed to elucidate enhanced fire resistance in this system in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yubin Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Meitong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Jingxuan Wu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Zhe Zhu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Chengliang Bi
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Yuhong Xie
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Taoyun Wang
- School of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, China
| | - Yongyan Sun
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Jing Yin
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Zhanghua Xie
- Tianjin Nengpu Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Huading New Area 1-2-10, Haitai Inovation 6 Road, Huayuan Industrial Park, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Fude Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Junsheng Wang
- Tianjin Fire Research Institute of the Ministry of Emergency Management, Tianjin 300381, China.
| | - Jinjun Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Hazardous Waste Safety Disposal and Recycling Technology, School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, 391 Binshui Xidao, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300384, China; Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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4
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Zhou G, Liu W, Yin H, Zhang Y, Huang C. Effect of nano‐sized zinc citrate on the supercritical carbon dioxide‐assisted extrusion foaming behavior of poly(lactic acid). J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou University Wenzhou China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Institute of New Materials & Industry Technology Wenzhou University Wenzhou China
| | - Haiyan Yin
- Biomaterials Division, Wenzhou Institute University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Wenzhou China
| | - Yinhang Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou University Wenzhou China
| | - Chengzhe Huang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Wenzhou University Wenzhou China
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5
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Yargici Kovanci C, Nofar M, Ghanbari A. Synergistic Enhancement of Flame Retardancy Behavior of Glass-Fiber Reinforced Polylactide Composites through Using Phosphorus-Based Flame Retardants and Chain Modifiers. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235324. [PMID: 36501718 PMCID: PMC9739078 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Flame retardancy properties of neat PLA can be improved with different phosphorus-based flame retardants (FRs), however, developing flame retardant PLA-based engineering composites with maintained mechanical performance is still a challenge. This study proposes symbiosis approaches to enhance the flame retardancy behavior of polylactide (PLA) composites with 20 wt% short glass fibers (GF). This was first implemented by exploring the effects of various phosphorus-based FRs up to 5 wt% in neat PLA samples. Among the used phosphorus-based FRs, the use of only 3 wt% of diphosphoric acid-based FR (P/N), melamine coated ammonium polyphosphate (APPcoated), and APP with melamine synergist (APP/Mel) resulted in achieving the V0 value in a vertical burning test in the neat PLA samples. In addition to their superior efficiency in improving the flame retardancy of neat PLA, P/N had the least negative effect on the final mechanical performance of PLA samples. When incorporated in PLA composites with 20 wt% GF, however, even with the use of 30 wt% P/N, the V0 value could not be obtained due to the candlewick effect. To resolve this issue, the synergistic effect of P/N and aromatic polycarbodiimide (PCDI) cross-linker or Joncryl epoxy-based chain-extender (CE) on the flame retardancy characteristics of composites was examined. Due to the further chain modification, which also enhances the melt strength of PLA, the dripping of composites in the vertical burning test terminated and the V0 value could be reached when using only 1 wt% PCDI or CE. According to the scanning electron microscopic analysis, the use of noted chain modifiers further homogenized the distribution and refined the particle size of P/N within the PLA matrix. Hence this could synergistically contribute to the enhancements of the fire resistance performance of the PLA composites. Such incorporation of P/N and chain modifiers further leads to the enhancement of the mechanical performance of PLA composites and hence the resultant product can be proposed as a promising durable bioplastic engineering product where fire risk exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Yargici Kovanci
- Polymer Science and Technology Program, Institute of Science and Technology, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
- Arcelik A.S. Central R&D Department, Polymer & Chemical, Tuzla, Istanbul 34950, Turkey
| | - Mohammadreza Nofar
- Polymer Science and Technology Program, Institute of Science and Technology, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
- Sustainable & Green Plastics Laboratory, Metallurgical & Materials Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul 34469, Turkey
- Correspondence:
| | - Abbas Ghanbari
- National Research Council Canada, 2690 Red Fife Rd., Rosser, MB R0H 1E0, Canada
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6
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Gao X, Yan L, Sang X. Preparation of multifunctional
silicon‐phosphorus
acrylate particles for the simultaneous improvement of the flame retardancy and mechanical performance of polylactic acid. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xueyu Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Tangshan, Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan China
| | - Li Yan
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Tangshan, Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan China
| | - Xiaoming Sang
- The Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Tangshan, Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Inorganic Nonmetallic Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan China
- School of Qianan North China University of Science and Technology Tangshan China
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7
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Fang Q, Zhan Y, Chen X, Wu R, Zhang W, Wang Y, Wu X, He Y, Zhou J, Yuan B. A bio-based intumescent flame retardant with biomolecules functionalized ammonium polyphosphate enables polylactic acid with excellent flame retardancy. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Chen Y, Wu X, Li M, Qian L, Zhou H. Mechanically Robust and Flame-Retardant Polylactide Composites Based on In Situ Formation of Crosslinked Network Structure by DCP and TAIC. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:308. [PMID: 35054714 PMCID: PMC8782028 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The addition of intumescent flame retardant to PLA can greatly improve the flame retardancy of the material and inhibit the dripping, but the major drawback is the adverse impact of the mechanical properties of the material. In this study, we found that the flame retardant and mechanical properties of the materials can be improved simultaneously by constructing a cross-linked structure. Firstly, a cross-linking flame-retardant PLA structure was designed by adding 0.9 wt% DCP and 0.3 wt% TAIC. After that, different characterization methods including torque, melt flow rate, molecular weight and gel content were used to clarify the formation of crosslinking structures. Results showed that the torque of 0.9DCP/0.3TAIC/FRPLA increased by 307% and the melt flow rate decreased by 77.8%. The gel content of 0.9DCP/0.3TAIC/FRPLA was 30.8%, indicating the formation of cross-linked structures. Then, the mechanical properties and flame retardant performance were studied. Results showed that, compared with FRPLA, the tensile strength, elongation at break and impact strength of 0.9DCP/0.3TAIC/FRPLA increased by 34.8%, 82.6% and 42.9%, respectively. The flame retardancy test results showed that 0.9DCP/0.3TAIC/FRPLA had a very high LOI (the limiting oxygen index) value of 39.2% and passed the UL94 V-0 level without dripping. Finally, the crosslinking reaction mechanism, flame retardant mechanism and the reasons for the improvement of mechanical properties were studied and described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Chen
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.Z.)
- China Light Industry Advanced Flame Retardant Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing 100048, China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Xingde Wu
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.Z.)
- China Light Industry Advanced Flame Retardant Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing 100048, China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Mengqi Li
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.Z.)
- China Light Industry Advanced Flame Retardant Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing 100048, China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lijun Qian
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.Z.)
- China Light Industry Advanced Flame Retardant Engineering Technology Research Center, Beijing 100048, China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non-Halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Hongfu Zhou
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China; (X.W.); (M.L.); (H.Z.)
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9
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Chen Y, Wu X, Li M, Qian L, Zhou H. Construction of crosslinking network structures by adding
ZnO
and
ADR
in intumescent flame retardant
PLA
composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Chen
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- China Light Industry Advanced Flame Retardant Engineering Technology Research Center Beijing China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing China
| | - Xingde Wu
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- China Light Industry Advanced Flame Retardant Engineering Technology Research Center Beijing China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing China
| | - Mengqi Li
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- China Light Industry Advanced Flame Retardant Engineering Technology Research Center Beijing China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing China
| | - Lijun Qian
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- China Light Industry Advanced Flame Retardant Engineering Technology Research Center Beijing China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers Beijing China
| | - Hongfu Zhou
- School of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
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