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Zumbardo-Bacelis GA, Peponi L, Vargas-Coronado RF, Rodríguez-Velázquez E, Alatorre-Meda M, Chevallier P, Copes F, Mantovani D, Abraham GA, Cauich-Rodríguez JV. A Comparison of Three-Layer and Single-Layer Small Vascular Grafts Manufactured via the Roto-Evaporation Method. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1314. [PMID: 38794507 PMCID: PMC11125268 DOI: 10.3390/polym16101314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This study used the roto-evaporation technique to engineer a 6 mm three-layer polyurethane vascular graft (TVG) that mimics the architecture of human coronary artery native vessels. Two segmented polyurethanes were synthesized using lysine (SPUUK) and ascorbic acid (SPUAA), and the resulting materials were used to create the intima and adventitia layers, respectively. In contrast, the media layer of the TVG was composed of a commercially available polyurethane, Pearlbond 703 EXP. For comparison purposes, single-layer vascular grafts (SVGs) from individual polyurethanes and a polyurethane blend (MVG) were made and tested similarly and evaluated according to the ISO 7198 standard. The TVG exhibited the highest circumferential tensile strength and longitudinal forces compared to single-layer vascular grafts of lower thicknesses made from the same polyurethanes. The TVG also showed higher suture and burst strength values than native vessels. The TVG withstood up to 2087 ± 139 mmHg and exhibited a compliance of 0.15 ± 0.1%/100 mmHg, while SPUUK SVGs showed a compliance of 5.21 ± 1.29%/100 mmHg, akin to coronary arteries but superior to the saphenous vein. An indirect cytocompatibility test using the MDA-MB-231 cell line showed 90 to 100% viability for all polyurethanes, surpassing the minimum 70% threshold needed for biomaterials deemed cytocompatibility. Despite the non-cytotoxic nature of the polyurethane extracts when grown directly on the surface, they displayed poor fibroblast adhesion, except for SPUUK. All vascular grafts showed hemolysis values under the permissible limit of 5% and longer coagulation times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gualberto Antonio Zumbardo-Bacelis
- Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 #130 x 32 y 34, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Mexico; (G.A.Z.-B.); (R.F.V.-C.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Laura Peponi
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros (ICTP-CSIC), C/Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rossana Faride Vargas-Coronado
- Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 #130 x 32 y 34, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Mexico; (G.A.Z.-B.); (R.F.V.-C.)
| | - Eustolia Rodríguez-Velázquez
- Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico;
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química-Grupo de Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Tijuana 22510, Mexico
| | - Manuel Alatorre-Meda
- Centro de Graduados e Investigación en Química-Grupo de Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, CONAHCYT-Tecnológico Nacional de México, Instituto Tecnológico de Tijuana, Tijuana 22510, Mexico;
| | - Pascale Chevallier
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering (CRC-I), Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V0A6, Canada; (P.C.)
| | - Francesco Copes
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering (CRC-I), Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V0A6, Canada; (P.C.)
| | - Diego Mantovani
- Laboratory for Biomaterials and Bioengineering (CRC-I), Department of Min-Met-Materials Engineering & CHU de Quebec Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V0A6, Canada; (P.C.)
| | - Gustavo A. Abraham
- Research Institute for Materials Science and Technology, INTEMA (UNMdP-CONICET). Av. Colón 10850, Mar del Plata B7606BWV, Argentina
| | - Juan Valerio Cauich-Rodríguez
- Unidad de Materiales, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 #130 x 32 y 34, Colonia Chuburná de Hidalgo, Mérida C.P. 97205, Mexico; (G.A.Z.-B.); (R.F.V.-C.)
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Small Diameter Cell-Free Tissue-Engineered Vascular Grafts: Biomaterials and Manufacture Techniques to Reach Suitable Mechanical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173440. [PMID: 36080517 PMCID: PMC9460130 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular grafts (VGs) are medical devices intended to replace the function of a blood vessel. Available VGs in the market present low patency rates for small diameter applications setting the VG failure. This event arises from the inadequate response of the cells interacting with the biomaterial in the context of operative conditions generating chronic inflammation and a lack of regenerative signals where stenosis or aneurysms can occur. Tissue Engineered Vascular grafts (TEVGs) aim to induce the regeneration of the native vessel to overcome these limitations. Besides the biochemical stimuli, the biomaterial and the particular micro and macrostructure of the graft will determine the specific behavior under pulsatile pressure. The TEVG must support blood flow withstanding the exerted pressure, allowing the proper compliance required for the biomechanical stimulation needed for regeneration. Although the international standards outline the specific requirements to evaluate vascular grafts, the challenge remains in choosing the proper biomaterial and manufacturing TEVGs with good quality features to perform satisfactorily. In this review, we aim to recognize the best strategies to reach suitable mechanical properties in cell-free TEVGs according to the reported success of different approaches in clinical trials and pre-clinical trials.
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Biodegradable and Biocompatible Thermoplastic Poly(Ester-Urethane)s Based on Poly(ε-Caprolactone) and Novel 1,3-Propanediol Bis(4-Isocyanatobenzoate) Diisocyanate: Synthesis and Characterization. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071288. [PMID: 35406162 PMCID: PMC9002640 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of non-toxic biodegradable and biocompatible polyurethanes bearing p-aminobenzoate moieties are presented. The introduction of this attractive motif was carried out by the synthesis of a novel isocyanate. These biodegradable polymers were chemically and physically characterized by several techniques and methods including bioassay and water uptake measurements. The molecular weight of the soft segment (poly-ε-caprolactone, PCL) and hard segment crystallinity dictated the mechanical behavior and water uptake. The behavior of short PCL-based polyurethanes was elastomeric, whilst increasing the molecular weight of the soft segment led to plastic polyurethanes. Water uptake was hindered for long PCL due to the crystallization of the soft segment within the polyurethane matrix. Furthermore, two different types of chain extender, hydrolyzable and non-hydrolyzable, were also evaluated: polyurethanes based on hydrolyzable chain extenders reached higher molecular weights, thus leading to a better performance than their unhydrolyzable counterparts. The good cell adhesion and cytotoxicity results demonstrated the cell viability of human osteoblasts on the surfaces of these non-toxic biodegradable polyurethanes.
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Ghimire S, Sarkar P, Rigby K, Maan A, Mukherjee S, Crawford KE, Mukhopadhyay K. Polymeric Materials for Hemostatic Wound Healing. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2127. [PMID: 34959408 PMCID: PMC8708336 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhage is one of the greatest threats to life on the battlefield, accounting for 50% of total deaths. Nearly 86% of combat deaths occur within the first 30 min after wounding. While external wound injuries can be treated mostly using visual inspection, abdominal or internal hemorrhages are more challenging to treat with regular hemostatic dressings because of deep wounds and points of injury that cannot be located properly. The need to treat trauma wounds from limbs, abdomen, liver, stomach, colon, spleen, arterial, venous, and/or parenchymal hemorrhage accompanied by severe bleeding requires an immediate solution that the first responders can apply to reduce rapid exsanguinations from external wounds, including in military operations. This necessitates the development of a unique, easy-to-use, FDA-approved hemostatic treatment that can deliver the agent in less than 30 s and stop bleeding within the first 1 to 2 min at the point of injury without application of manual pressure on the wounded area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvash Ghimire
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; (S.G.); (P.S.); (K.R.); (A.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Pritha Sarkar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; (S.G.); (P.S.); (K.R.); (A.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Kasey Rigby
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; (S.G.); (P.S.); (K.R.); (A.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Aditya Maan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; (S.G.); (P.S.); (K.R.); (A.M.); (S.M.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Santanu Mukherjee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; (S.G.); (P.S.); (K.R.); (A.M.); (S.M.)
| | - Kaitlyn E. Crawford
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; (S.G.); (P.S.); (K.R.); (A.M.); (S.M.)
- Department of Chemistry, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- NanoScience Technology Center, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
- Biionix Cluster, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
| | - Kausik Mukhopadhyay
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA; (S.G.); (P.S.); (K.R.); (A.M.); (S.M.)
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