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Gabrielli S, Caviglia M, Pastore G, Marcantoni E, Nobili F, Bottoni L, Catorci A, Bavasso I, Sarasini F, Tirillò J, Santulli C. Chemical, Thermal and Mechanical Characterization of Licorice Root, Willow, Holm Oak, and Palm Leaf Waste Incorporated into Maleated Polypropylene (MAPP). Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4348. [PMID: 36297926 PMCID: PMC9607560 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of four lignocellulosic waste fillers on the thermal and mechanical properties of biocomposites was investigated. Powdered licorice root, palm leaf, holm oak and willow fillers were melt compounded with polypropylene at two different weight contents, i.e., 10 and 30, and then injection molded. A commercially available maleated coupling agent was used to improve the filler/matrix interfacial adhesion at 5 wt.%. Composites were subjected to chemical (FTIR-ATR), thermal (TGA, DSC, DMA) and mechanical (tensile, bending and Charpy impact) analyses coupled with a morphological investigation by scanning electron microscopy. Although similarities among the different formulations were noted, holm oak fillers provided the best combination of thermal and mechanical performance. In particular, at 30 wt.% content with coupling agent, this composite formulation displayed remarkable increases in tensile strength and modulus, flexural strength and modulus, of 28% and 110%, 58% and 111%, compared to neat PP, respectively. The results imply that all these lignocellulosic waste fillers can be used successfully as raw materials for biocomposites, with properties comparable to those featured by other natural fillers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Gabrielli
- Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Camerino, ChIP Building, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Miriam Caviglia
- Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Camerino, ChIP Building, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Genny Pastore
- Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Camerino, ChIP Building, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Enrico Marcantoni
- Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Camerino, ChIP Building, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Francesco Nobili
- Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Camerino, ChIP Building, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Luca Bottoni
- Chemistry Division, School of Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Camerino, ChIP Building, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Andrea Catorci
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Irene Bavasso
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment, Sapienza—Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Sarasini
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment, Sapienza—Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Jacopo Tirillò
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment, Sapienza—Università di Roma, Via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy
| | - Carlo Santulli
- Geology Section, School of Science and Technology, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via Gentile III da Varano 7, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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