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Shimazu Y, Taya Y, Soeno Y, Kudo T, Sato K, Takeda M. The relationship between Meckel's cartilage resorption and incisor tooth germ in mice. J Anat 2023; 243:534-544. [PMID: 37038912 PMCID: PMC10439376 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the initiation and cellular mechanisms underlying endochondral resorption of Meckel's cartilage (MC) remains limited. Several studies have shown that the resorption site of MC and the mandibular incisor tooth germ are located close to each other. However, whether incisor tooth germ development is involved in MC resorption remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the spatio-temporal interaction between the initiation site of MC resorption and the development of incisor tooth germs in an embryonic mouse model. To this effect, we developed a histology-based three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technique using paraffin-embedded serial sections of various tissues in the jaw. The serial sections were cut in the frontal section and the tissue constituents (e.g., MC, incisor, and mineralized mandible) were studied using conventional and enzyme-based histochemistry. The outline of each component was marked on the frontal sectional images and 3D structures were constructed. To assess the vascular architecture at the site of MC resorption, immunohistochemical staining using anti-laminin, anti-factor VIII, and anti-VEGF antibodies was performed. MC resorption was first observed on the lateral incisor-facing side of the cartilage rods at sites anterior to the mental foramen on E16.0. The 3D analysis suggested that: (a) the posterior region of the clastic cartilage resorption corresponds to the cervical loop of the incisor; (b) the cervical portion of the tooth germ inflates probably due to temporal cellular congestion prior to differentiation into matrix-producing cells; (c) the incisor tooth germ tissue is present in close proximity to MC even in mouse with continuously growing tooth and determines the disappearance of MC as the tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihito Shimazu
- Department of Food and Life Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Pathology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuji Taya
- Department of Pathology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuuichi Soeno
- Department of Pathology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoo Kudo
- Department of Pathology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Sato
- Department of Pathology, The Nippon Dental University School of Life Dentistry at Tokyo, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mamoru Takeda
- Department of Food and Life Science, School of Life and Environmental Science, Azabu University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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2
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Pottie L, Van Gool W, Vanhooydonck M, Hanisch FG, Goeminne G, Rajkovic A, Coucke P, Sips P, Callewaert B. Loss of zebrafish atp6v1e1b, encoding a subunit of vacuolar ATPase, recapitulates human ARCL type 2C syndrome and identifies multiple pathobiological signatures. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009603. [PMID: 34143769 PMCID: PMC8244898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The inability to maintain a strictly regulated endo(lyso)somal acidic pH through the proton-pumping action of the vacuolar-ATPases (v-ATPases) has been associated with various human diseases including heritable connective tissue disorders. Autosomal recessive (AR) cutis laxa (CL) type 2C syndrome is associated with genetic defects in the ATP6V1E1 gene and is characterized by skin wrinkles or loose redundant skin folds with pleiotropic systemic manifestations. The underlying pathological mechanisms leading to the clinical presentations remain largely unknown. Here, we show that loss of atp6v1e1b in zebrafish leads to early mortality, associated with craniofacial dysmorphisms, vascular anomalies, cardiac dysfunction, N-glycosylation defects, hypotonia, and epidermal structural defects. These features are reminiscent of the phenotypic manifestations in ARCL type 2C patients. Our data demonstrates that loss of atp6v1e1b alters endo(lyso)somal protein levels, and interferes with non-canonical v-ATPase pathways in vivo. In order to gain further insights into the processes affected by loss of atp6v1e1b, we performed an untargeted analysis of the transcriptome, metabolome, and lipidome in early atp6v1e1b-deficient larvae. We report multiple affected pathways including but not limited to oxidative phosphorylation, sphingolipid, fatty acid, and energy metabolism together with profound defects on mitochondrial respiration. Taken together, our results identify complex pathobiological effects due to loss of atp6v1e1b in vivo. Cutis laxa syndromes are pleiotropic disorders of the connective tissue, characterized by skin redundancy and variable systemic manifestations. Cutis laxa syndromes are caused by pathogenic variants in genes encoding structural and regulatory components of the extracellular matrix or in genes encoding components of cellular trafficking, metabolism, and mitochondrial function. Pathogenic variants in genes coding for vacuolar-ATPases, a multisubunit complex responsible for the acidification of multiple intracellular vesicles, cause type 2 cutis laxa syndromes, a group of cutis laxa subtypes further characterized by neurological, skeletal, and rarely cardiopulmonary manifestations. To investigate the pathomechanisms of vacuolar-ATPase dysfunction, we generated zebrafish models that lack a crucial subunit of the vacuolar-ATPases. The mutant zebrafish models show morphological and functional features reminiscent of the phenotypic manifestations in cutis laxa patients carrying pathogenic variants in ATP6V1E1. In-depth analysis at multiple -omic levels identified biological signatures that indicate impairment of signaling pathways, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial respiration. We anticipate that these data will contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of cutis laxa syndromes and other disorders involving defective v-ATPase function, which may eventually improve patient treatment and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lore Pottie
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wouter Van Gool
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michiel Vanhooydonck
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Franz-Georg Hanisch
- Institute of Biochemistry II, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Geert Goeminne
- VIB Metabolomics Core Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Andreja Rajkovic
- Department of Food technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul Coucke
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Patrick Sips
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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3
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Pottie L, Adamo CS, Beyens A, Lütke S, Tapaneeyaphan P, De Clercq A, Salmon PL, De Rycke R, Gezdirici A, Gulec EY, Khan N, Urquhart JE, Newman WG, Metcalfe K, Efthymiou S, Maroofian R, Anwar N, Maqbool S, Rahman F, Altweijri I, Alsaleh M, Abdullah SM, Al-Owain M, Hashem M, Houlden H, Alkuraya FS, Sips P, Sengle G, Callewaert B. Bi-allelic premature truncating variants in LTBP1 cause cutis laxa syndrome. Am J Hum Genet 2021; 108:1095-1114. [PMID: 33991472 PMCID: PMC8206382 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2021.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Latent transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-binding proteins (LTBPs) are microfibril-associated proteins essential for anchoring TGFβ in the extracellular matrix (ECM) as well as for correct assembly of ECM components. Variants in LTBP2, LTBP3, and LTBP4 have been identified in several autosomal recessive Mendelian disorders with skeletal abnormalities with or without impaired development of elastin-rich tissues. Thus far, the human phenotype associated with LTBP1 deficiency has remained enigmatic. In this study, we report homozygous premature truncating LTBP1 variants in eight affected individuals from four unrelated consanguineous families. Affected individuals present with connective tissue features (cutis laxa and inguinal hernia), craniofacial dysmorphology, variable heart defects, and prominent skeletal features (craniosynostosis, short stature, brachydactyly, and syndactyly). In vitro studies on proband-derived dermal fibroblasts indicate distinct molecular mechanisms depending on the position of the variant in LTBP1. C-terminal variants lead to an altered LTBP1 loosely anchored in the microfibrillar network and cause increased ECM deposition in cultured fibroblasts associated with excessive TGFβ growth factor activation and signaling. In contrast, N-terminal truncation results in a loss of LTBP1 that does not alter TGFβ levels or ECM assembly. In vivo validation with two independent zebrafish lines carrying mutations in ltbp1 induce abnormal collagen fibrillogenesis in skin and intervertebral ligaments and ectopic bone formation on the vertebrae. In addition, one of the mutant zebrafish lines shows voluminous and hypo-mineralized vertebrae. Overall, our findings in humans and zebrafish show that LTBP1 function is crucial for skin and bone ECM assembly and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lore Pottie
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Christin S Adamo
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Aude Beyens
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium; Department of Dermatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Steffen Lütke
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Piyanoot Tapaneeyaphan
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Adelbert De Clercq
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | | | - Riet De Rycke
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent 9052, Belgium; VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent 9052, Belgium; Ghent University Expertise Centre for Transmission Electron Microscopy and VIB Bioimaging Core, Ghent 9052, Belgium
| | - Alper Gezdirici
- Department of Medical Genetics, Basaksehir Cam and Sakura City Hospital, Istanbul 34480, Turkey
| | - Elif Yilmaz Gulec
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training and Research Hospital, Health Sciences University, Istanbul 34303, Turkey
| | - Naz Khan
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Jill E Urquhart
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - William G Newman
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK; Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Kay Metcalfe
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Stephanie Efthymiou
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Najwa Anwar
- Development and Behavioral Pediatrics Department, Institute of Child Health and The Children Hospital, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Maqbool
- Development and Behavioral Pediatrics Department, Institute of Child Health and The Children Hospital, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Rahman
- Development and Behavioral Pediatrics Department, Institute of Child Health and The Children Hospital, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ikhlass Altweijri
- Department of Neurosurgery, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Monerah Alsaleh
- Heart Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sawsan Mohamed Abdullah
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Al-Owain
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mais Hashem
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Henry Houlden
- Department of Neuromuscular Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Patrick Sips
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium
| | - Gerhard Sengle
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany; Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany; Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Street 21, Cologne 50931, Germany; Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Bert Callewaert
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent 9000, Belgium; Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
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4
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Delbaere S, De Clercq A, Mizumoto S, Noborn F, Bek JW, Alluyn L, Gistelinck C, Syx D, Salmon PL, Coucke PJ, Larson G, Yamada S, Willaert A, Malfait F. b3galt6 Knock-Out Zebrafish Recapitulate β3GalT6-Deficiency Disorders in Human and Reveal a Trisaccharide Proteoglycan Linkage Region. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:597857. [PMID: 33363150 PMCID: PMC7758351 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.597857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans are structurally and functionally diverse biomacromolecules found abundantly on cell membranes and in the extracellular matrix. They consist of a core protein linked to glycosaminoglycan chains via a tetrasaccharide linkage region. Here, we show that CRISPR/Cas9-mediated b3galt6 knock-out zebrafish, lacking galactosyltransferase II, which adds the third sugar in the linkage region, largely recapitulate the phenotypic abnormalities seen in human β3GalT6-deficiency disorders. These comprise craniofacial dysmorphism, generalized skeletal dysplasia, skin involvement and indications for muscle hypotonia. In-depth TEM analysis revealed disturbed collagen fibril organization as the most consistent ultrastructural characteristic throughout different affected tissues. Strikingly, despite a strong reduction in glycosaminoglycan content, as demonstrated by anion-exchange HPLC, subsequent LC-MS/MS analysis revealed a small amount of proteoglycans containing a unique linkage region consisting of only three sugars. This implies that formation of glycosaminoglycans with an immature linkage region is possible in a pathogenic context. Our study, therefore unveils a novel rescue mechanism for proteoglycan production in the absence of galactosyltransferase II, hereby opening new avenues for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Delbaere
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Adelbert De Clercq
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Fredrik Noborn
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Willem Bek
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lien Alluyn
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Gistelinck
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Delfien Syx
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Paul J. Coucke
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Göran Larson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Andy Willaert
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Fransiska Malfait
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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5
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Gistelinck C, Witten PE, Huysseune A, Symoens S, Malfait F, Larionova D, Simoens P, Dierick M, Van Hoorebeke L, De Paepe A, Kwon RY, Weis M, Eyre DR, Willaert A, Coucke PJ. Loss of Type I Collagen Telopeptide Lysyl Hydroxylation Causes Musculoskeletal Abnormalities in a Zebrafish Model of Bruck Syndrome. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:1930-1942. [PMID: 27541483 PMCID: PMC5364950 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bruck syndrome (BS) is a disorder characterized by joint flexion contractures and skeletal dysplasia that shows strong clinical overlap with the brittle bone disease osteogenesis imperfecta (OI). BS is caused by biallelic mutations in either the FKBP10 or the PLOD2 gene. PLOD2 encodes the lysyl hydroxylase 2 (LH2) enzyme, which is responsible for the hydroxylation of lysine residues in fibrillar collagen telopeptides. This hydroxylation directs crosslinking of collagen fibrils in the extracellular matrix, which is necessary to provide stability and tensile integrity to the collagen fibrils. To further elucidate the function of LH2 in vertebrate skeletal development, we created a zebrafish model harboring a homozygous plod2 nonsense mutation resulting in reduced telopeptide hydroxylation and crosslinking of bone type I collagen. Adult plod2 mutants present with a shortened body axis and severe skeletal abnormalities with evidence of bone fragility and fractures. The vertebral column of plod2 mutants is short and scoliotic with compressed vertebrae that show excessive bone formation at the vertebral end plates, and increased tissue mineral density in the vertebral centra. The muscle fibers of mutant zebrafish have a reduced diameter near the horizontal myoseptum. The endomysium, a layer of connective tissue ensheathing the individual muscle fibers, is enlarged. Transmission electron microscopy of mutant vertebral bone shows type I collagen fibrils that are less organized with loss of the typical plywood-like structure. In conclusion, plod2 mutant zebrafish show molecular and tissue abnormalities in the musculoskeletal system that are concordant with clinical findings in BS patients. Therefore, the plod2 zebrafish mutant is a promising model for the elucidation of the underlying pathogenetic mechanisms leading to BS and the development of novel therapeutic avenues in this syndrome. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ann Huysseune
- Biology Department, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sofie Symoens
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Pascal Simoens
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Manuel Dierick
- UGCT, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Van Hoorebeke
- UGCT, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne De Paepe
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ronald Y Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - MaryAnn Weis
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - David R Eyre
- Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andy Willaert
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul J Coucke
- Center for Medical Genetics Ghent, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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To TT, Witten PE, Huysseune A, Winkler C. An adult osteopetrosis model in medaka reveals the importance of osteoclast function for bone remodeling in teleost fish. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 178:68-75. [PMID: 26334373 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2015.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoclasts play important roles during bone growth and in maintaining bone health and bone homeostasis. Dysfunction or lack of osteoclasts leads to increased bone mass and osteopetrosis phenotypes in mouse and human. Here we report a severe osteopetrosis-like phenotype in transgenic medaka fish, in which membrane bound EGFP (mEGFP) was expressed in osteoclasts under control of the cathepsin K promoter (ctsk:mEGFP). In contrast to reporter lines with GFP expression in the cytoplasm of osteoclasts, adult fish of the mEGFP line developed bone defects indicative for an osteoclast dysfunction. Activity of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) was down-regulated and excess bone was observed in most parts of the skeleton. The osteopetrotic phenotype was particularly obvious at the neural and haemal arches that failed to increase their volume in growing fish. Excess bone caused severe constriction of the spinal cord and the ventral aorta. The continuation of tooth development and the failure to shed teeth resulted in severe hyperdontia. Interestingly, at the vertebral column vertebral body arches displayed a severe osteopetrosis, while vertebral centra had no or only a mild osteopetrotic phenotype. This confirms previous reports from cichlids that, different from the arches, allometric growth of fish vertebral centra initially does not depend on the action of osteoclasts. Independent developmental mechanism that shapes arches and vertebral centra can also lend support to the hypothesis that vertebral centra and arches function as independent developmental modules. Together, this medaka osteopetrosis model confirms the importance of proper osteoclast function during normal skeletal development in teleost fish that requires bone modeling and remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Thanh To
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; NUS Centre for Bioimaging Sciences (CBIS), Singapore
| | | | | | - Christoph Winkler
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; NUS Centre for Bioimaging Sciences (CBIS), Singapore.
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7
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Apschner A, Schulte-Merker S, Witten PE. Not All Bones are Created Equal – Using Zebrafish and Other Teleost Species in Osteogenesis Research. Methods Cell Biol 2011; 105:239-55. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-381320-6.00010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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8
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Sire JY, Donoghue PCJ, Vickaryous MK. Origin and evolution of the integumentary skeleton in non-tetrapod vertebrates. J Anat 2010; 214:409-40. [PMID: 19422423 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2009.01046.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most non-tetrapod vertebrates develop mineralized extra-oral elements within the integument. Known collectively as the integumentary skeleton, these elements represent the structurally diverse skin-bound contribution to the dermal skeleton. In this review we begin by summarizing what is known about the histological diversity of the four main groups of integumentary skeletal tissues: hypermineralized (capping) tissues; dentine; plywood-like tissues; and bone. For most modern taxa, the integumentary skeleton has undergone widespread reduction and modification often rendering the homology and relationships of these elements confused and uncertain. Fundamentally, however, all integumentary skeletal elements are derived (alone or in combination) from only two types of cell condensations: odontogenic and osteogenic condensations. We review the origin and diversification of the integumentary skeleton in aquatic non-tetrapods (including stem gnathostomes), focusing on tissues derived from odontogenic (hypermineralized tissues, dentines and elasmodine) and osteogenic (bone tissues) cell condensations. The novelty of our new scenario of integumentary skeletal evolution resides in the demonstration that elasmodine, the main component of elasmoid scales, is odontogenic in origin. Based on available data we propose that elasmodine is a form of lamellar dentine. Given its widespread distribution in non-tetrapod lineages we further propose that elasmodine is a very ancient tissue in vertebrates and predict that it will be found in ancestral rhombic scales and cosmoid scales.
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Witten PE, Huysseune A. A comparative view on mechanisms and functions of skeletal remodelling in teleost fish, with special emphasis on osteoclasts and their function. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2009; 84:315-46. [PMID: 19382934 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.2009.00077.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 209] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Resorption and remodelling of skeletal tissues is required for development and growth, mechanical adaptation, repair, and mineral homeostasis of the vertebrate skeleton. Here we review for the first time the current knowledge about resorption and remodelling of the skeleton in teleost fish, the largest and most diverse group of extant vertebrates. Teleost species are increasingly used in aquaculture and as models in biomedical skeletal research. Thus, detailed knowledge is required to establish the differences and similarities between mammalian and teleost skeletal remodelling, and between distantly related species such as zebrafish (Danio rerio) and medaka (Oryzias latipes). The cellular mechanisms of differentiation and activation of osteoclasts and the functions of teleost skeletal remodelling are described. Several characteristics, related to skeletal remodelling, distinguish teleosts from mammals. These characteristics include (a) the absence of osteocytes in most species; (b) the absence of haematopoietic bone marrow tissue; (c) the abundance of small mononucleated osteoclasts performing non-lacunar (smooth) bone resorption, in addition to or instead of multinucleated osteoclasts; and (d) a phosphorus- rather than calcium-driven mineral homeostasis (mainly affecting the postcranial dermal skeleton). Furthermore, (e) skeletal resorption is often absent from particular sites, due to sparse or lacking endochondral ossification. Based on the mode of skeletal remodelling in early ontogeny of all teleosts and in later stages of development of teleosts with acellular bone we suggest a link between acellular bone and the predominance of mononucleated osteoclasts, on the one hand, and cellular bone and multinucleated osteoclasts on the other. The evolutionary origin of skeletal remodelling is discussed and whether mononucleated osteoclasts represent an ancestral type of resorbing cells. Revealing the differentiation and activation of teleost skeletal resorbing cells, in the absence of several factors that trigger mammalian osteoclast differentiation, is a current challenge. Understanding which characters of teleost bone remodelling are derived and which characters are conserved should enhance our understanding of the process in fish and may provide insights into alternative pathways of bone remodelling in mammals.
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Fujimura K, Okada N. Bone development in the jaw of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Pisces: Cichlidae). Dev Growth Differ 2008; 50:339-55. [PMID: 18430028 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.2008.01032.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
East African cichlids have evolved feeding apparatus morphologies adapted to their diverse feeding behaviors. The evolution of the oral jaw morphologies is accomplished by the diversity of bone formation during development. To further understand this evolutionary process, we examined the skeletal elements of the jaw and their temporal and sequential emergence, categorized by developmental stages, using the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus as a model cichlid. We found that chondrogenesis started in Stage 17. The deposition of osteoid for the dermal bones commenced in Stage 18. The uptake of calcium dramatically shifted from the surface of larvae to the gills in Stage 20. The bone mineralization of the skeleton began in Stage 25. These data provide important information regarding the sequential events of craniofacial development in East African cichlids and lay the groundwork for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying adaptation of jaw structure to feeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Fujimura
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, B-21-4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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Fujimura K, Okada N. Development of the embryo, larva and early juvenile of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (Pisces: Cichlidae). Developmental staging system. Dev Growth Differ 2007; 49:301-24. [PMID: 17501907 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-169x.2007.00926.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We described the developmental stages for the embryonic, larval and early juvenile periods of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus to elucidate sequential events of craniofacial development. Craniofacial development of cichlids, especially differentiation and morphogenesis of the pharyngeal skeleton, progresses until about 30 days postfertilization (dpf). Because there is no comprehensive report describing the sequential processes of craniofacial development up to 30 dpf, we newly defined 32 stages using a numbered staging system. For embryonic development, we defined 18 stages (stages 1-18), which were grouped into seven periods named the zygote, cleavage, blastula, gastrula, segmentation, pharyngula and hatching periods. For larval development, we defined seven stages (stages 19-25), which were grouped into two periods, early larval and late larval. For juvenile development until 30 dpf, we defined seven stages (stages 26-32) in the early juvenile period. This developmental staging system for Nile tilapia O. niloticus will benefit researchers investigating skeletogenesis throughout tilapia ontogeny and will also facilitate comparative evolutionary developmental biology studies of haplochromine cichlids, which comprise the species flocks of Lakes Malawi and Victoria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Fujimura
- Graduate School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta-cho, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8501, Japan
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Streelman JT, Albertson RC. Evolution of novelty in the cichlid dentition. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2006; 306:216-26. [PMID: 16555305 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.21101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The shape of teeth occupies a central position in various biological disciplines, from paleo-ecology to molecular biology to cosmetic and reconstructive dentistry. Despite a long tradition of study in mammals, important questions remain regarding the genetic and developmental basis of differences in tooth shape. Here, we use natural mutants of cichlid fish from East Africa, which exhibit tremendous dental diversity, to help fill the gaps in our understanding of vertebrate odontogenesis. We employ an expanded genetic linkage map to demonstrate that cusp number segregates as a gene of major effect, which explains approximately 40% of the phenotypic variance, on cichlid chromosome 5. Furthermore, we examine patterns of Bmp4 expression in early odontogenesis to address and refine predictions of models linking tooth shape and tooth number. Mutations in the Bmp4 cistron do not control tooth shape in this mapping cross. Our data suggest that the evolution of novelty in the cichlid dentition is galvanized by a small number of genetic changes, echoing similar conclusions from recent studies of other vertebrate adaptive morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Todd Streelman
- School of Biology, Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0230, USA.
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Domon T, Taniguchi Y, Fukui A, Suzuki R, Takahashi S, Yamamoto T, Wakita M. Features of the clear zone of odontoclasts in the Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 211:87-93. [PMID: 16328359 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-005-0061-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2005] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to clarify the features of the clear zone of odontoclasts on shedding teeth of a teleost fish, Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), using a light microscope to determine the orientation between a cell body and a resorptive lacuna, followed by transmission electron microscopy. Ultrathin sections of LR White embedded material were incubated in rabbit anti-actin polyclonal antibody and then were incubated with 15 nm gold-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG. The clear zones of odontoclasts showed a variable structure with electron-dense structures on sections, but distinct clear zones were not always seen on odontoclasts. In odontoclasts sectioned in the direction perpendicularly to the surface of a resorptive lacuna, some cells showed a wide clear zone, but two types of clear zones were usually observed: a part composed of some cytoplasmic processes and one composed of several complicatedly interwoven processes. Gold particles were localized on the clear zones, especially in electron-dense structures; very few gold particles were detected in ruffled borders. These results show that the clear zone of odontoclasts in Chinook salmon contains actin. Our results suggest that the clear zone of an odontoclast in Chinook salmon is not always a wide annular structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Domon
- Division of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Department of Oral Health Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita 13, Nishi 7, 060-8586 Sapporo, Japan.
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Van der Heyden C, Allizard F, Sire JY, Huysseune A. Tooth development in vitro in two teleost fish, the cichlid Hemichromis bimaculatus and the cyprinid Danio rerio. Cell Tissue Res 2005; 321:375-89. [PMID: 15968550 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-004-1036-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2004] [Accepted: 11/02/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A technique for organotypic in vitro culture with serum-free medium was tested for its appropriateness to mimic normal odontogenesis in the cichlid fish Hemichromis bimaculatus and the zebrafish Danio rerio. Serial semithin sections were observed by light microscopy to collect data on tooth patterning and transmission electron microscopy was used to compare cellular and extracellular features of tooth germs developing in vitro with the situation in vivo. Head explants of H. bimaculatus from 120 h post-fertilization (hPF) to 8.5 days post-fertilization (dPF) and of zebrafish from 45 hPF to 79 hPF and adults kept in culture for 3, 4 or 7 days revealed that tooth germs developed in vitro from explants in which the buccal or pharyngeal epithelium was apparently undifferentiated and, when present at the time of explantation, they continued their development up to a stage of attachment. In addition, the medium allowed the morphogenesis and cytodifferentiation of the tooth germs similar to that observed in vivo and the establishment of a dental pattern (place and order of tooth appearance and of attachment) that mimicked that in vivo. Organotypic culture in serum-free conditions thus provides us with the means of studying epithelial-mesenchymal interactions during tooth development in teleost fish and of analysing the genetic control of either mandibular or pharyngeal tooth development and replacement in these polyphyodont species. Importantly, it allows heads from embryonically lethal (zebrafish) mutants or from early lethal knockdown experiments to develop beyond the point at which the embryos normally die. Such organotypic culture in serum-free conditions could therefore become a powerful tool in developmental studies and open new perspectives for craniofacial research.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Van der Heyden
- Biology Department, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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Domon T, Fukui A, Taniguchi Y, Suzuki R, Takahashi S, Yamamoto T, Wakita M. Odontoclasts in the Chinook salmon differ from mammalian odontoclasts by exhibiting a great proportion of cells with high nuclei number. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 209:119-28. [PMID: 15597190 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-004-0437-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2004] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Odontoclasts resorbing teeth are multinucleated cells. Previously, the authors have investigated the distribution of number of nuclei per human odontoclast and showed that the mean number of nuclei per cell is 5.3, the median is 4, and 93.8% of cells have 10 or fewer nuclei. Teleost odontoclasts have features similar to those of mammals; however, the distribution of number of nuclei per cell remains unknown. The present study aimed to examine the distribution of number of nuclei per odontoclast in a teleost fish, Chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum), and to clarify the difference of number of nuclei in odontoclasts between Chinook salmon and humans. The maxillae and mandibles of Chinook salmon were fixed, decalcified, and embedded in Epon 812. Specimens were serially sectioned into 0.5-microm semithin sections and examined by light microscopy. Cells possessing a brush border adjacent to a resorptive lacuna were identified as odontoclasts, and 246 odontoclasts were investigated to determine the distribution of nuclei per cell. The mean number of nuclei per cell was 21.8 and the median was 17; only 24.4% of odontoclasts had 10 or fewer nuclei, and 95.5% had 50 or fewer nuclei. These results suggest that the range for the number of nuclei per odontoclast in Chinook salmon is greater than that in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Domon
- Division of Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Department of Oral Health Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Kita 13, Nishi 7, 060-8586, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, Japan.
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Streelman JT, Webb JF, Albertson RC, Kocher TD. The cusp of evolution and development: a model of cichlid tooth shape diversity. Evol Dev 2004; 5:600-8. [PMID: 14984042 DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-142x.2003.03065.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Tooth shape is a hallmark of repeated evolutionary radiations among cichlid fishes from East Africa. Cusp shape and number vary both within populations and among closely related species with different feeding behaviors and ecologies. Here, we use histology and scanning electron microscopy to chart the developmental trajectory of tooth shape differences in fishes from Lake Malawi. We demonstrate that species with bi- or tricuspid adult (replacement) teeth initially possess a first-generation unicuspid dentition. Notably, the timing of turnover from first-generation to replacement teeth differs among species and is correlated with feeding ecology. Next, we use field data for cichlid species with adult unicuspid, bicuspid, and tricuspid teeth to demonstrate a strong and positive relationship between the number of teeth in a row and tooth shape. We discuss cichlid tooth ontogeny in the context of morphogenetic models designed to explain the developmental basis of tooth shape variation in mammals. We suggest that the dramatic differences in cichlid dentitions can be explained by variation in the expression of common activators and inhibitors acting at multiple stages of odontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Streelman
- Hubbard Center for Genome Studies, 4th Floor, Environmental Technology Building, University of New Hampshire, 35 Colovos Road, Durham, NH 03824, USA.
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Ashhurst DE. The cartilaginous skeleton of an elasmobranch fish does not heal. Matrix Biol 2004; 23:15-22. [PMID: 15172034 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2004.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2003] [Revised: 02/02/2004] [Accepted: 02/02/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The inability of articular cartilage to heal satisfactorily is becoming, with ageing populations, an important medical problem. One question that has not been raised is whether a mechanism for the repair of cartilage evolved in animals with cartilaginous skeletons. Fin rays of dogfish were cut and the fish maintained for up to 6 months. The initial inflammatory reaction around the cut rays lasts for 2 weeks. By 4 weeks the cut ends are covered by fibrous tissue. At 12 weeks some areas of cartilage-like tissue are developing. Development of these areas continues and at 26 weeks large chondrocyte-like cells are surrounded by matrix. This tissue is in regions of poor vascularity. It does not have the typical appearance of hyaline cartilage, nor is it integrated with the cartilage of the fin rays. No changes in the cut surfaces of the fin rays are observed at any time. It is concluded that no mechanism has evolved in the elasmobranch fishes for the repair of their cartilaginous skeleton. This is discussed in relation to previous investigations of the reactions of cartilage to injury in embryonic, neonatal and adult tissues of higher vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doreen E Ashhurst
- Department of Anatomy, St. George's Hospital Medical School, Tooting, London SW17 0RE, UK.
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Witten PE, Hansen A, Hall BK. Features of mono- and multinucleated bone resorbing cells of the zebrafish Danio rerio and their contribution to skeletal development, remodeling, and growth. J Morphol 2001; 250:197-207. [PMID: 11746460 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
To provide basic data about bone resorbing cells in the skeleton during the life cycle of Danio rerio, larvae, juveniles, and adults (divided into six age groups) were studied by histological procedures and by demonstration of the osteoclast marker enzyme tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Special attention was paid to the lower jaw, which is a standard element for fish bone studies. The presence of osteoclasts at endosteal surfaces of growing bones of all animals older than 20 days reveals that resorption is an important part of zebrafish skeletal development. The first bone-resorbing cells to form are mononucleated. They appear in 20-day-old animals concurrently in the craniofacial skeleton and vertebral column. Mononucleated osteoclasts are predominant in juveniles. Regional differences characterize the appearance of osteoclasts; at thin skeletal elements (neural arches, nasal) mononucleated osteoclasts are predominant even in adults. Multinucleated bone-resorbing cells were first observed in 40-day-old animals and are the predominant osteoclast type of adults. Both mono- and multinucleated osteoclasts contribute to allometric bone growth but multinucleated osteoclasts are also involved in lacunar bone resorption and repeated bone remodeling. Resorption of the dentary follows the pattern described above (mononucleated osteoclasts precede multinucleated cells) and includes the partial removal of Meckel's cartilage. Bone marrow spaces created by resorption are usually filled with adipose tissue. In conclusion, bone resorption is primarily subjected to the demands of growth, the appearance of mono- and multinucleated osteoclasts is site- and age-related, and bone remodeling occurs. The results are discussed in relation to findings in other teleosts and in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- P E Witten
- Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St., Halifax Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4J1.
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Huysseune A, Sire JY. Structure and development of first-generation teeth in the cichlid Hemichromis bimaculatus (Teleostei, Cichlidae). Tissue Cell 1997; 29:679-97. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-8166(97)80044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/1997] [Accepted: 07/29/1997] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Shibata S, Suzuki S, Yamashita Y. An ultrastructural study of cartilage resorption at the site of initial endochondral bone formation in the fetal mouse mandibular condyle. J Anat 1997; 191 ( Pt 1):65-76. [PMID: 9279660 PMCID: PMC1467660 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-7580.1997.19110065.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
An ultrastructural study was undertaken on cartilage resorption at the site of initial endochondral bone formation in the mouse mandibular condyle on d 16 of pregnancy. After resorbing the bone collar, the osteoclasts extended their cell processes into the cartilage matrix and made contact with hypertrophic chondrocytes. By means of cell processes or vacuolar structures, these osteoclasts entrapped the calcified cartilage matrices, cell debris, and the degraded uncalcified cartilage matrices. In particular, since the calcified cartilage matrices were sometimes seen to be disrupted within the osteoclastic vacuolar structures, they were probably disposed of by the osteoclasts. Invading endothelial cells giving rise to capillaries also directly surrounded the degraded uncalcified cartilage matrices and small deposits of cell debris. In addition, hypertrophic chondrocytes that had attached to or were in the process of attaching to the invading osteoclasts often enclosed the small calcified cartilage matrices. Other cell types that have often been reported in other regions of cartilage resorption were not seen at the site of initial endochondral bone formation in this study. Our findings in relation to cartilage resorption may therefore represent unique features of the site of initial endochondral bone formation site. We consider that the manner of cartilage resorption is likely to vary by site, age, and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shibata
- 1st Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan.
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Sire JY, Quilhac A, Bourguignon J, Allizard F. Evidence for participation of the epidermis in the deposition of superficial layer of scales in zebrafish (Danio rerio): A SEM and TEM study. J Morphol 1997; 231:161-174. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-4687(199702)231:2<161::aid-jmor5>3.0.co;2-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Anin vitro, serum-free organ culture technique for the study of development and growth of the dermal skeleton in fish. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02724046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Miyake T, Hall BK. Development of in vitro organ culture techniques for differentiation and growth of cartilages and bones from teleost fish and comparisons with in vivo skeletal development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402680105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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