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Swiderski K, Naim T, Trieu J, Chee A, Herold MJ, Kueh AJ, Goodman CA, Gregorevic P, Lynch GS. Dystrophin S3059 phosphorylation partially attenuates denervation atrophy in mouse tibialis anterior muscles. Physiol Rep 2024; 12:e16145. [PMID: 39001580 PMCID: PMC11245571 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.16145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The dystrophin protein has well-characterized roles in force transmission and maintaining membrane integrity during muscle contraction. Studies have reported decreased expression of dystrophin in atrophying muscles during wasting conditions, and that restoration of dystrophin can attenuate atrophy, suggesting a role in maintaining muscle mass. Phosphorylation of S3059 within the cysteine-rich region of dystrophin enhances binding between dystrophin and β-dystroglycan, and mimicking phosphorylation at this site by site-directed mutagenesis attenuates myotube atrophy in vitro. To determine whether dystrophin phosphorylation can attenuate muscle wasting in vivo, CRISPR-Cas9 was used to generate mice with whole body mutations of S3059 to either alanine (DmdS3059A) or glutamate (DmdS3059E), to mimic a loss of, or constitutive phosphorylation of S3059, on all endogenous dystrophin isoforms, respectively. Sciatic nerve transection was performed on these mice to determine whether phosphorylation of dystrophin S3059 could attenuate denervation atrophy. At 14 days post denervation, atrophy of tibialis anterior (TA) but not gastrocnemius or soleus muscles, was partially attenuated in DmdS3059E mice relative to WT mice. Attenuation of atrophy was associated with increased expression of β-dystroglycan in TA muscles of DmdS3059E mice. Dystrophin S3059 phosphorylation can partially attenuate denervation-induced atrophy, but may have more significant impact in less severe modes of muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Swiderski
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Centre for Muscle ResearchThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Timur Naim
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Centre for Muscle ResearchThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jennifer Trieu
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Centre for Muscle ResearchThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Annabel Chee
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Centre for Muscle ResearchThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Marco J. Herold
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Medical BiologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Olivia Newton‐John Cancer Research InstituteHeidelbergVictoriaAustralia
- School of Cancer MedicineLa Trobe UniversityHeidelbergVictoriaAustralia
| | - Andrew J. Kueh
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical ResearchParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Medical BiologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Olivia Newton‐John Cancer Research InstituteHeidelbergVictoriaAustralia
- School of Cancer MedicineLa Trobe UniversityHeidelbergVictoriaAustralia
| | - Craig A. Goodman
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Centre for Muscle ResearchThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Paul Gregorevic
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Centre for Muscle ResearchThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Gordon S. Lynch
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Centre for Muscle ResearchThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
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Dennhag N, Kahsay A, Nissen I, Nord H, Chermenina M, Liu J, Arner A, Liu JX, Backman LJ, Remeseiro S, von Hofsten J, Pedrosa Domellöf F. fhl2b mediates extraocular muscle protection in zebrafish models of muscular dystrophies and its ectopic expression ameliorates affected body muscles. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1950. [PMID: 38431640 PMCID: PMC10908798 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
In muscular dystrophies, muscle fibers loose integrity and die, causing significant suffering and premature death. Strikingly, the extraocular muscles (EOMs) are spared, functioning well despite the disease progression. Although EOMs have been shown to differ from body musculature, the mechanisms underlying this inherent resistance to muscle dystrophies remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate important differences in gene expression as a response to muscle dystrophies between the EOMs and trunk muscles in zebrafish via transcriptomic profiling. We show that the LIM-protein Fhl2 is increased in response to the knockout of desmin, plectin and obscurin, cytoskeletal proteins whose knockout causes different muscle dystrophies, and contributes to disease protection of the EOMs. Moreover, we show that ectopic expression of fhl2b can partially rescue the muscle phenotype in the zebrafish Duchenne muscular dystrophy model sapje, significantly improving their survival. Therefore, Fhl2 is a protective agent and a candidate target gene for therapy of muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils Dennhag
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Abraha Kahsay
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Itzel Nissen
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology; Section of Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Hanna Nord
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Maria Chermenina
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jiao Liu
- Div. Thoracic Surgery, Dept. Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- College of Life Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Anders Arner
- Div. Thoracic Surgery, Dept. Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jing-Xia Liu
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ludvig J Backman
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Silvia Remeseiro
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology; Section of Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonas von Hofsten
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Fatima Pedrosa Domellöf
- Department of Medical and Translational Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ophthalmology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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Noguchi KS, Mcleod JC, Phillips SM, Richardson J, Tang A. Differences in Skeletal Muscle Fiber Characteristics Between Affected and Nonaffected Limbs in Individuals With Stroke: A Scoping Review. Phys Ther 2023; 103:pzad095. [PMID: 37478464 DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzad095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this scoping review was to characterize and identify knowledge gaps about the changes in skeletal muscle fiber type proportion and cross-sectional area (CSA) after stroke. METHODS This scoping review followed previously proposed frameworks. A systematic search was conducted for articles examining muscle fiber type proportion and CSA in individuals with stroke in EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science databases from inception to December 20, 2022. Two independent authors screened and extracted the data. Results were discussed using theories proposed by the authors of the included studies. RESULTS Of 13 studies (115 participants), 6 (46%) were case studies or case series, 6 (46%) were cross-sectional studies, and 1 (8%) was an experimental study. Studies had small sample sizes (1-23 participants) and various muscle sampling sites (6 different muscles). All 13 studies examined muscle fiber type distributions, and 6 (46%) examined CSA. Ten (77%) studies examined differences between paretic and nonparetic muscles, and 5 (38%) compared people with stroke to people without stroke. Results from 9 of 13 studies (69%) supported a greater proportion of type II muscle fibers in the paretic limb. Of those, 4 studies (42 participants), 3 studies (17 participants), and 1 study (1 participant) saw no differences, preferential type II and type I CSA loss between limbs, respectively. CONCLUSION Of the limited available evidence, stroke appears to result in a shift to a higher proportion of type II muscle fibers in the paretic muscles. There are mixed results for effects on muscle fiber CSA, but there is some evidence of specific atrophy of type II muscle fibers. IMPACT Changes in paretic skeletal muscle fibers of individuals with stroke may explain, in part, the substantial losses in strength and power in this population. Interventions to restore type II muscle fiber size may benefit people with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S Noguchi
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan C Mcleod
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Stuart M Phillips
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julie Richardson
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ada Tang
- School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Synaptic Secretion and Beyond: Targeting Synapse and Neurotransmitters to Treat Neurodegenerative Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9176923. [PMID: 35923862 PMCID: PMC9343216 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9176923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The nervous system is important, because it regulates the physiological function of the body. Neurons are the most basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system. The synapse is an asymmetric structure that is important for neuronal function. The chemical transmission mode of the synapse is realized through neurotransmitters and electrical processes. Based on vesicle transport, the abnormal information transmission process in the synapse can lead to a series of neurorelated diseases. Numerous proteins and complexes that regulate the process of vesicle transport, such as SNARE proteins, Munc18-1, and Synaptotagmin-1, have been identified. Their regulation of synaptic vesicle secretion is complicated and delicate, and their defects can lead to a series of neurodegenerative diseases. This review will discuss the structure and functions of vesicle-based synapses and their roles in neurons. Furthermore, we will analyze neurotransmitter and synaptic functions in neurodegenerative diseases and discuss the potential of using related drugs in their treatment.
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Adidharma W, Khouri AN, Lee JC, Vanderboll K, Kung TA, Cederna PS, Kemp SWP. Sensory nerve regeneration and reinnervation in muscle following peripheral nerve injury. Muscle Nerve 2022; 66:384-396. [PMID: 35779064 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Sensory afferent fibers are an important component of motor nerves and compose the majority of axons in many nerves traditionally thought of as "pure" motor nerves. These sensory afferent fibers innervate special sensory end organs in muscle, including muscle spindles that respond to changes in muscle length and Golgi tendons that detect muscle tension. Both play a major role in proprioception, sensorimotor extremity control feedback, and force regulation. After peripheral nerve injury, there is histological and electrophysiological evidence that sensory afferents can reinnervate muscle, including muscle that was not the nerve's original target. Reinnervation can occur after different nerve injury and muscle models, including muscle graft, crush, and transection injuries, and occurs in a nonspecific manner, allowing for cross-innervation to occur. Evidence of cross-innervation includes the following: muscle spindle and Golgi tendon afferent-receptor mismatch, vagal sensory fiber reinnervation of muscle, and cutaneous afferent reinnervation of muscle spindle or Golgi tendons. There are several notable clinical applications of sensory reinnervation and cross-reinnervation of muscle, including restoration of optimal motor control after peripheral nerve repair, flap sensation, sensory protection of denervated muscle, neuroma treatment and prevention, and facilitation of prosthetic sensorimotor control. This review focuses on sensory nerve regeneration and reinnervation in muscle, and the clinical applications of this phenomena. Understanding the physiology and limitations of sensory nerve regeneration and reinnervation in muscle may ultimately facilitate improvement of its clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Widya Adidharma
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Alexander N Khouri
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jennifer C Lee
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Kathryn Vanderboll
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Theodore A Kung
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Paul S Cederna
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Stephen W P Kemp
- Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor, Michigan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Intramuscular Stem Cell Injection in Combination with Bioengineered Nerve Repair or Nerve Grafting Reduces Muscle Atrophy. Plast Reconstr Surg 2022; 149:905e-913e. [PMID: 35271540 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000009031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral nerve injuries represent a clinical challenge, especially when they are accompanied by loss of neural tissue. In this study, the authors attempted to attain a better outcome after a peripheral nerve injury by both repairing the nerve lesion and treating the denervated muscle at the same time. METHODS Rat sciatic nerves were transected to create 10-mm gaps. Repair was performed in five groups (n = 5 rats for each), as follows: group 1, nerve repair using poly-3-hydroxybutyrate strips to connect the proximal and distal stumps, in combination with control growth medium injection in the gastrocnemius muscle; group 2, nerve repair with poly-3-hydroxybutyrate strip seeded with Schwann cell-like differentiated adipose stem cells (differentiated adipose stem cell strip) in combination with growth medium intramuscular injection; group 3, differentiated adipose stem cell strip in combination with intramuscular injection of differentiated adipose stem cells; group 4, repair using autograft (reverse sciatic nerve graft) in combination with intramuscular injection of growth medium; and group 5, autograft in combination with intramuscular injection of differentiated adipose stem cells. Six weeks after nerve injury, the effects of the stem cells on muscle atrophy were assessed. RESULTS Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate strips seeded with differentiated adipose stem cells showed a high number of βIII-tubulin-positive axons entering the distal stump and abundant endothelial cells. Group 1 animals exhibited more muscle atrophy than all the other groups, and group 5 animals had the greatest muscle weights and muscle fibers size. CONCLUSION Bioengineering nerve repair in combination with intramuscular stem cell injection is a promising technique to treat nerve lesions and associated muscle atrophy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Nerve injuries and resulting muscle atrophy are a clinical challenge. To optimize functional recovery after a nerve lesion, the authors treated the nerve and muscle at the same time by using regenerative medicine with adipose stem cells and obtained encouraging results for future clinical applications.
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Mandić M, Mitić K, Nedeljković P, Perić M, Božić B, Lunić T, Bačić A, Rajilić-Stojanović M, Peković S, Božić Nedeljković B. Vitamin B Complex and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis—Attenuation of the Clinical Signs and Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061273. [PMID: 35334928 PMCID: PMC8955508 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective effects of the vitamin B complex (B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, and B12—VBC), by studying the changes in the femoral nerve, quadriceps muscle, popliteal lymph nodes and gut microbiota in the rat model of multiple sclerosis, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). VBC treatment attenuated clinical signs of EAE during the disease, and reduced the duration of EAE thereby contributing to a faster recovery. In VBC-treated EAE rats, a significant decrease in nerve and muscle nuclear density was revealed during the onset period of the disease, while a marked increase was detected at the end of the disease, compared with untreated EAE rats. In the lymph nodes of VBC-treated EAE rats, a fewer number of lymphoid follicles in the cortical area and smaller epithelioid granulomas were detected. The changes in microbiota composition were examined using 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bioinformatics analysis, which revealed the potential of VBC treatment in establishing and/or maintaining gut microbiota homeostasis. Finally, the present study demonstrated that VBC treatment ameliorated the cellular changes in the affected peripheral nerve, muscles innervated by this nerve, and the gut microbiota dysbiosis which occurred during the EAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Mandić
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Đaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.M.); (K.M.); (M.P.); (B.B.); (T.L.)
| | - Katarina Mitić
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Đaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.M.); (K.M.); (M.P.); (B.B.); (T.L.)
| | - Predrag Nedeljković
- Department for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Institute for Orthopedic Surgery “Banjica”, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Mina Perić
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Đaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.M.); (K.M.); (M.P.); (B.B.); (T.L.)
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bojan Božić
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Đaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.M.); (K.M.); (M.P.); (B.B.); (T.L.)
| | - Tanja Lunić
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Đaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.M.); (K.M.); (M.P.); (B.B.); (T.L.)
| | - Ana Bačić
- Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (A.B.); (M.R.-S.)
| | | | - Sanja Peković
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research “Siniša Stanković”, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia;
| | - Biljana Božić Nedeljković
- Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Đaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (M.M.); (K.M.); (M.P.); (B.B.); (T.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +381-11-303-2356
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Soendenbroe C, Dahl CL, Meulengracht C, Tamáš M, Svensson RB, Schjerling P, Kjaer M, Andersen JL, Mackey AL. Preserved stem cell content and innervation profile of elderly human skeletal muscle with lifelong recreational exercise. J Physiol 2022; 600:1969-1989. [PMID: 35229299 PMCID: PMC9315046 DOI: 10.1113/jp282677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Muscle fibre denervation and declining numbers of muscle stem (satellite) cells are defining characteristics of ageing skeletal muscle. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential for lifelong recreational exercise to offset muscle fibre denervation and compromised satellite cell content and function, both at rest and under challenged conditions. Sixteen elderly lifelong recreational exercisers (LLEX) were studied alongside groups of age‐matched sedentary (SED) and young subjects. Lean body mass and maximal voluntary contraction were assessed, and a strength training bout was performed. From muscle biopsies, tissue and primary myogenic cell cultures were analysed by immunofluorescence and RT‐qPCR to assess myofibre denervation and satellite cell quantity and function. LLEX demonstrated superior muscle function under challenged conditions. When compared with SED, the muscle of LLEX was found to contain a greater content of satellite cells associated with type II myofibres specifically, along with higher mRNA levels of the beta and gamma acetylcholine receptors (AChR). No difference was observed between LLEX and SED for the proportion of denervated fibres or satellite cell function, as assessed in vitro by myogenic cell differentiation and fusion index assays. When compared with inactive counterparts, the skeletal muscle of lifelong exercisers is characterised by greater fatigue resistance under challenged conditions in vivo, together with a more youthful tissue satellite cell and AChR profile. Our data suggest a little recreational level exercise goes a long way in protecting against the emergence of classic phenotypic traits associated with the aged muscle. Key points The detrimental effects of ageing can be partially offset by lifelong self‐organized recreational exercise, as evidence by preserved type II myofibre‐associated satellite cells, a beneficial muscle innervation status and greater fatigue resistance under challenged conditions. Satellite cell function (in vitro), muscle fibre size and muscle fibre denervation determined by immunofluorescence were not affected by recreational exercise. Individuals that are recreationally active are far more abundant than master athletes, which sharply increases the translational perspective of the present study. Future studies should further investigate recreational activity in relation to muscle health, while also including female participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Soendenbroe
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Building 8, Nielsine Nielsens vej 11, Copenhagen, NV, 2400, Denmark.,Xlab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N, 2200, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N, 2200, Denmark
| | - Christopher L Dahl
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Building 8, Nielsine Nielsens vej 11, Copenhagen, NV, 2400, Denmark
| | - Christopher Meulengracht
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Building 8, Nielsine Nielsens vej 11, Copenhagen, NV, 2400, Denmark
| | - Michal Tamáš
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Building 8, Nielsine Nielsens vej 11, Copenhagen, NV, 2400, Denmark
| | - Rene B Svensson
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Building 8, Nielsine Nielsens vej 11, Copenhagen, NV, 2400, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N, 2200, Denmark
| | - Peter Schjerling
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Building 8, Nielsine Nielsens vej 11, Copenhagen, NV, 2400, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N, 2200, Denmark
| | - Michael Kjaer
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Building 8, Nielsine Nielsens vej 11, Copenhagen, NV, 2400, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N, 2200, Denmark
| | - Jesper L Andersen
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Building 8, Nielsine Nielsens vej 11, Copenhagen, NV, 2400, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N, 2200, Denmark
| | - Abigail L Mackey
- Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Department of Orthopedic Surgery M, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Building 8, Nielsine Nielsens vej 11, Copenhagen, NV, 2400, Denmark.,Xlab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N, 2200, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, Copenhagen N, 2200, Denmark
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9
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Electrical stimulation alters muscle morphological properties in denervated upper limb muscles. EBioMedicine 2021; 74:103737. [PMID: 34896792 PMCID: PMC8671101 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Damage to lower motor neuron causes denervation and degeneration of the muscles affected. Experimental and clinical studies of muscle denervation in lower extremities demonstrated that direct electrical stimulation (ES) of muscle can prevent denervation atrophy and restore contractility. The aim of this study was to identify possible myogenic effect of ES on denervated forearm and hand muscles in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) and tetraplegia. Methods This prospective interventional study with repeated measurement design included 22 patients aged 48·6 (± 15·7), 0·25 (0·1/46) years after spinal cord lesion, AIS A-D. In each patient, two electrophysiologically-confirmed denervated muscles in the hand and forearm were analyzed – one extrinsic (Extensor Carpi Ulnaris - ECU) and one intrinsic (1st Dorsal Interosseus - IOD1). Muscles were stimulated for 33 min, five times per week over a 12-weeks period. Using ultrasonography (USG), muscle thickness (MT) and pennation angle (PA) of these muscles were determined at start and end of the stimulation period. Findings MT of IOD1 increased from 6·3 mm (± 3·2 mm) to 9·2 mm (± 2·4 mm) (p = 0·004) and the PA from 5·5° (± 3·0°) to 11° (± 2·2°) (p = 0·001). The corresponding values for the ECU were 5·5 mm (± 2·5 mm) to 7·0 mm (± 2·2 mm) (p = 0·039) and 5·5° (± 3·4°) to 9·4° (± 3·8°) (p = 0·005), respectively. The correlation of MT between baseline and completion was r = 0·58 (p = 0·037) for the ECU and r = 0·63 (p = 0·008) for the IOD1. Interpretation 12 weeks of direct muscle stimulation increases the MT and PA of the denervated intrinsic and extrinsic hand muscles studied. Funding Swiss Paraplegic Centre, Switzerland
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10
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Effects of Probiotics, Prebiotics and Synbiotics Injected in Ovo on the Microstructure of the Breast Muscle in Different Chicken Genotypes. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11102944. [PMID: 34679965 PMCID: PMC8532896 DOI: 10.3390/ani11102944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to analyse the effect of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics injected in ovo on day 12 of embryonic development on the microstructure of the superficial pectoral muscle (musculus pectoralis superficialis) from 42-day-old chickens of different genotypes: broilers (Ross 308) and general-purpose type (green-legged partridge (GP) chickens Zk-11, native chickens). Incubated eggs were divided into four groups (each genotype separately) depending on the substance injected in ovo: normal saline (C, control); Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris (PRO); galactooligosaccharides, GOS (PRE) or GOS + L. lactis (SYN). After hatching, chicks were placed in eight replicated pens (four pens/genotype group). There were eight birds per pen. In total, 64 birds were used in the experiment. Birds were slaughtered at the age of 42 days, and samples of superficial pectoral muscles were taken for analysis. The microstructure of the pectoral muscles was evaluated using the cryosectioning (frozen tissue sectioning) technique and staining with haematoxylin and eosin. Statistical analysis revealed that the in ovo injection of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics had no significant effect on the diameter of muscle fibres from chickens of the two genotypes. The number of fibres in the muscles from green-legged partridge chickens was about three-fold higher than the fibre density in the muscles from broiler chickens, with the fibre diameter being two-fold smaller. This fact may indicate a greater tenderness of meat from GP chickens compared to the meat from Ross 308 broilers. In the case of broilers, a prebiotic (GOS) was the most effective bioactive substance in reducing the number of histopathological changes. Considering muscles from GP chickens, the number of normal fibres was highest in birds treated with the probiotic. These findings indicate that the microstructural features of pectoral muscles depend not only on the type of the injected bioactive substance but also on the genotype of chickens.
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Natural Compounds Attenuate Denervation-Induced Skeletal Muscle Atrophy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158310. [PMID: 34361076 PMCID: PMC8348757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The weight of skeletal muscle accounts for approximately 40% of the whole weight in a healthy individual, and the normal metabolism and motor function of the muscle are indispensable for healthy life. In addition, the skeletal muscle of the maxillofacial region plays an important role not only in eating and swallowing, but also in communication, such as facial expressions and conversations. In recent years, skeletal muscle atrophy has received worldwide attention as a serious health problem. However, the mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy that has been clarified at present is insufficient, and a therapeutic method against skeletal muscle atrophy has not been established. This review provides views on the importance of skeletal muscle in the maxillofacial region and explains the differences between skeletal muscles in the maxillofacial region and other regions. We summarize the findings to change in gene expression in muscle remodeling and emphasize the advantages and disadvantages of denervation-induced skeletal muscle atrophy model. Finally, we discuss the newly discovered beneficial effects of natural compounds on skeletal muscle atrophy.
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12
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Soendenbroe C, Andersen JL, Mackey AL. Muscle-nerve communication and the molecular assessment of human skeletal muscle denervation with aging. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C317-C329. [PMID: 34161153 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00174.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Muscle fiber denervation is a major contributor to the decline in physical function observed with aging. Denervation can occur through breakdown of the neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) itself, affecting only that particular fiber, or through the death of a motor neuron, which can lead to a loss of all the muscle fibers in that motor unit. In this review, we discuss the muscle-nerve relationship, where signaling from both the motor neuron and the muscle fiber is required for maximal preservation of neuromuscular function in old age. Physical activity is likely to be the most important single factor that can contribute to this preservation. Furthermore, we propose that inactivity is not an innocent bystander, but plays an active role in denervation through the production of signals hostile to neuron survival. Investigating denervation in human muscle tissue samples is challenging due to the shared protein profile of regenerating and denervated muscle fibers. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the key traits observed in immunohistochemical preparations of muscle biopsies from healthy, young, and elderly individuals. Overall, a combination of assessing tissue samples, circulating biomarkers, and electrophysiological assessments in humans will prove fruitful in the quest to gain more understanding of denervation of skeletal muscle. In addition, cell culture models represent a valuable tool in the search for key signaling factors exchanged between muscle and nerve, and which exercise has the capacity to alter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Soendenbroe
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Xlab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper L Andersen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abigail L Mackey
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Xlab, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review encompasses the main novelties regarding nonimmune mechanisms implicated in the pathogenesis of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). RECENT FINDINGS In recent years, growing data support a role for endoplasmic-reticulum (ER) stress as a propagator of muscular damage, together with the release of interferon type I and reactive oxygen species in hypoxemic muscle fibers. Other studies evaluating the relationship between autophagy and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in IIM subtypes have shown increased TLR3 and TLR4 expression in fibers of IIM patients and colocalization with LC3, an autophagy marker, submitting autophagy as a likely player in IIM pathogenesis. Most novel evidences concern the potential role of denervation of the neuromuscular junction in IIM, possibly connected to hyperexpression of MHC-I, and trafficking of extracellular vesicles, which may represent a connection between nonimmune and immune-mediated mechanisms of muscle inflammation and damage. SUMMARY Nonimmune mechanisms contribute to the pathogenesis of IIM, likely cooperating with immune-mediated inflammation. Consistent data were released for ER stress, autophagy, mitochondrial dysfunction and hypoxia; in addition to, neuromuscular denervation and extracellular vesicles have been proposed as thoughtful links between muscle inflammation, damage and atrophy. Further understanding of nonimmune abnormalities and potential reversible pathways is needed to improve the management of IIM.
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Okada R, Fujita SI, Suzuki R, Hayashi T, Tsubouchi H, Kato C, Sadaki S, Kanai M, Fuseya S, Inoue Y, Jeon H, Hamada M, Kuno A, Ishii A, Tamaoka A, Tanihata J, Ito N, Shiba D, Shirakawa M, Muratani M, Kudo T, Takahashi S. Transcriptome analysis of gravitational effects on mouse skeletal muscles under microgravity and artificial 1 g onboard environment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9168. [PMID: 33911096 PMCID: PMC8080648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88392-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Spaceflight causes a decrease in skeletal muscle mass and strength. We set two murine experimental groups in orbit for 35 days aboard the International Space Station, under artificial earth-gravity (artificial 1 g; AG) and microgravity (μg; MG), to investigate whether artificial 1 g exposure prevents muscle atrophy at the molecular level. Our main findings indicated that AG onboard environment prevented changes under microgravity in soleus muscle not only in muscle mass and fiber type composition but also in the alteration of gene expression profiles. In particular, transcriptome analysis suggested that AG condition could prevent the alterations of some atrophy-related genes. We further screened novel candidate genes to reveal the muscle atrophy mechanism from these gene expression profiles. We suggest the potential role of Cacng1 in the atrophy of myotubes using in vitro and in vivo gene transductions. This critical project may accelerate the elucidation of muscle atrophy mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Risa Okada
- Mouse Epigenetics Project, ISS/Kibo Experiment, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, JAXA, Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Fujita
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Riku Suzuki
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takuto Hayashi
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hirona Tsubouchi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kato
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Master's Program in Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Shunya Sadaki
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Maho Kanai
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Sayaka Fuseya
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Yuri Inoue
- Doctoral Program in Biomedical Sciences, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Hyojung Jeon
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Michito Hamada
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
- Ph.D. Program in Human Biology, School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akiko Ishii
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Akira Tamaoka
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Jun Tanihata
- Department of Cell Physiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 105-8461, Japan
| | - Naoki Ito
- Laboratory of Molecular Life Science, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe (FBRI), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Dai Shiba
- Mouse Epigenetics Project, ISS/Kibo Experiment, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, JAXA, Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan
| | - Masaki Shirakawa
- Mouse Epigenetics Project, ISS/Kibo Experiment, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan
- JEM Utilization Center, Human Spaceflight Technology Directorate, JAXA, Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan
| | - Masafumi Muratani
- Mouse Epigenetics Project, ISS/Kibo Experiment, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan
- Department of Genome Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan
| | - Takashi Kudo
- Mouse Epigenetics Project, ISS/Kibo Experiment, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan.
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Mouse Epigenetics Project, ISS/Kibo Experiment, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Ibaraki, 305-8505, Japan.
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center in Transborder Medical Research Center, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8575, Japan.
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Theret M, Rossi FMV, Contreras O. Evolving Roles of Muscle-Resident Fibro-Adipogenic Progenitors in Health, Regeneration, Neuromuscular Disorders, and Aging. Front Physiol 2021; 12:673404. [PMID: 33959042 PMCID: PMC8093402 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.673404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal skeletal muscle functions are affected following trauma, chronic diseases, inherited neuromuscular disorders, aging, and cachexia, hampering the daily activities and quality of life of the affected patients. The maladaptive accumulation of fibrous intramuscular connective tissue and fat are hallmarks of multiple pathologies where chronic damage and inflammation are not resolved, leading to progressive muscle replacement and tissue degeneration. Muscle-resident fibro-adipogenic progenitors are adaptable stromal cells with multilineage potential. They are required for muscle homeostasis, neuromuscular integrity, and tissue regeneration. Fibro-adipogenic progenitors actively regulate and shape the extracellular matrix and exert immunomodulatory functions via cross-talk with multiple other residents and non-resident muscle cells. Remarkably, cumulative evidence shows that a significant proportion of activated fibroblasts, adipocytes, and bone-cartilage cells, found after muscle trauma and disease, descend from these enigmatic interstitial progenitors. Despite the profound impact of muscle disease on human health, the fibrous, fatty, and ectopic bone tissues' origins are poorly understood. Here, we review the current knowledge of fibro-adipogenic progenitor function on muscle homeostatic integrity, regeneration, repair, and aging. We also discuss how scar-forming pathologies and disorders lead to dysregulations in their behavior and plasticity and how these stromal cells can control the onset and severity of muscle loss in disease. We finally explore the rationale of improving muscle regeneration by understanding and modulating fibro-adipogenic progenitors' fate and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Theret
- Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fabio M. V. Rossi
- Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Medical Genetics, School of Biomedical Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Osvaldo Contreras
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular, Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE-ChileUC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- St. Vincent’s Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
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16
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Wong A, Garcia SM, Tamaki S, Striedinger K, Barruet E, Hansen SL, Young DM, Pomerantz JH. Satellite cell activation and retention of muscle regenerative potential after long-term denervation. Stem Cells 2021; 39:331-344. [PMID: 33326654 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Irreversible denervation atrophy remains an unsolved clinical problem, and the role of skeletal muscle stem cell (MuSC, satellite cell) depletion in this process is unclear. We investigated the ability of MuSCs to regenerate muscle in the context of denervation. Three to 12 months following sciatic denervation in mice, MuSC number, size, EdU uptake, rate of division, and mitochondrial activity were increased. Following acute myotoxin injury, denervated muscles formed new muscle fibers in situ. MuSCs isolated via flow cytometry from denervated mouse muscle, or from atrophic denervated gluteus maximus muscles of humans with complete spinal cord injuries two decades prior, formed new muscle fibers and reoccupied the anatomic niche after transplantation into uninjured muscle. Our results show unequivocally that, even after prolonged denervation, MuSCs retain intrinsic regenerative potential similar to that of uninjured MuSCs. Treatment of denervation atrophy will require elucidating the non-MuSC environmental changes in muscle that prevent functional regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Wong
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steven M Garcia
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Stanley Tamaki
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Katharine Striedinger
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Emilie Barruet
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Scott L Hansen
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - David M Young
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jason H Pomerantz
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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17
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Asthana P, Zhang G, Sheikh KA, Him Eddie Ma C. Heat shock protein is a key therapeutic target for nerve repair in autoimmune peripheral neuropathy and severe peripheral nerve injury. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 91:48-64. [PMID: 32858161 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is an autoimmune peripheral neuropathy and a common cause of neuromuscular paralysis. Preceding infection induces the production of anti-ganglioside (GD) antibodies attacking its own peripheral nerves. In severe proximal peripheral nerve injuries that require long-distance axon regeneration, motor functional recovery is virtually nonexistent. Damaged axons fail to regrow and reinnervate target muscles. In mice, regenerating axons must reach the target muscle within 35 days (critical period) to reform functional neuromuscular junctions and regain motor function. Successful functional recovery depends on the rate of axon regeneration and debris removal (Wallerian degeneration) after nerve injury. The innate-immune response of the peripheral nervous system to nerve injury such as timing and magnitude of cytokine production is crucial for Wallerian degeneration. In the current study, forced expression of human heat shock protein (hHsp) 27 completely reversed anti-GD-induced inhibitory effects on nerve repair assessed by animal behavioral assays, electrophysiology and histology studies, and the beneficial effect was validated in a second mouse line of hHsp27. The protective effect of hHsp27 on prolonged muscle denervation was examined by performing repeated sciatic nerve crushes to delay regenerating axons from reaching distal muscle from 37 days up to 55 days. Strikingly, hHsp27 was able to extend the critical period of motor functional recovery for up to 55 days and preserve the integrity of axons and mitochondria in distal nerves. Cytokine array analysis demonstrated that a number of key cytokines which are heavily involved in the early phase of innate-immune response of Wallerian degeneration, were found to be upregulated in the sciatic nerve lysates of hHsp27 Tg mice at 1 day postinjury. However, persistent hyperinflammatory mediator changes were found after chronic denervation in sciatic nerves of littermate mice, but remained unchanged in hHsp27 Tg mice. Taken together, the current study provides insight into the development of therapeutic strategies to enhance muscle receptiveness (reinnervation) by accelerating axon regeneration and Wallerian degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Asthana
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Kazim A Sheikh
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin Street, Houston TX 77030, USA
| | - Chi Him Eddie Ma
- Department of Neuroscience, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China.
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18
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Bohnert KL, Hastings MK, Sinacore DR, Johnson JE, Klein SE, McCormick JJ, Gontarz P, Meyer GA. Skeletal Muscle Regeneration in Advanced Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Foot Ankle Int 2020; 41:536-548. [PMID: 32059624 PMCID: PMC8783612 DOI: 10.1177/1071100720907035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased lean muscle mass in the lower extremity in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is thought to contribute to altered joint loading, immobility, and disability. However, the mechanism behind this loss is unknown and could derive from a reduction in size of myofibers (atrophy), destruction of myofibers (degeneration), or both. Degenerative changes require participation of muscle stem (satellite) cells to regenerate lost myofibers and restore lean mass. Determining the degenerative state and residual regenerative capacity of DPN muscle will inform the utility of regeneration-targeted therapeutic strategies. METHODS Biopsies were acquired from 2 muscles in 12 individuals with and without diabetic neuropathy undergoing below-knee amputation surgery. Biopsies were subdivided for histological analysis, transcriptional profiling, and satellite cell isolation and culture. RESULTS Histological analysis revealed evidence of ongoing degeneration and regeneration in DPN muscles. Transcriptional profiling supports these findings, indicating significant upregulation of regeneration-related pathways. However, regeneration appeared to be limited in samples exhibiting the most severe structural pathology as only extremely small, immature regenerated myofibers were found. Immunostaining for satellite cells revealed a significant decrease in their relative frequency only in the subset with severe pathology. Similarly, a reduction in fusion in cultured satellite cells in this group suggests impairment in regenerative capacity in severe DPN pathology. CONCLUSION DPN muscle exhibited features of degeneration with attempted regeneration. In the most severely pathological muscle samples, regeneration appeared to be stymied and our data suggest that this may be partly due to intrinsic dysfunction of the satellite cell pool in addition to extrinsic structural pathology (eg, nerve damage). CLINICAL RELEVANCE Restoration of DPN muscle function for improved mobility and physical activity is a goal of surgical and rehabilitation clinicians. Identifying myofiber degeneration and compromised regeneration as contributors to dysfunction suggests that adjuvant cell-based therapies may improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary K. Hastings
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David R. Sinacore
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey E. Johnson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sandra E. Klein
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeremy J. McCormick
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Paul Gontarz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gretchen A. Meyer
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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19
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Redox modulation of muscle mass and function. Redox Biol 2020; 35:101531. [PMID: 32371010 PMCID: PMC7284907 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle mass and strength are very important for exercise performance. Training-induced musculoskeletal injuries usually require periods of complete immobilization to prevent any muscle contraction of the affected muscle groups. Disuse muscle wasting will likely affect every sport practitioner in his or her lifetime. Even short periods of disuse results in significant declines in muscle size, fiber cross sectional area, and strength. To understand the molecular signaling pathways involved in disuse muscle atrophy is of the utmost importance to develop more effective countermeasures in sport science research. We have divided our review in four different sections. In the first one we discuss the molecular mechanisms involved in muscle atrophy including the main protein synthesis and protein breakdown signaling pathways. In the second section of the review we deal with the main cellular, animal, and human atrophy models. The sources of reactive oxygen species in disuse muscle atrophy and the mechanism through which they regulate protein synthesis and proteolysis are reviewed in the third section of this review. The last section is devoted to the potential interventions to prevent muscle disuse atrophy with especial consideration to studies on which the levels of endogenous antioxidants enzymes or dietary antioxidants have been tested.
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Santosa KB, Oliver JD, Cederna PS, Kung TA. Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interfaces for Prevention and Management of Neuromas. Clin Plast Surg 2020; 47:311-321. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cps.2020.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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21
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Lu X, Liang B, Li S, Chen Z, Chang W. Modulation of HOXA9 after skeletal muscle denervation and reinnervation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 318:C1154-C1165. [PMID: 32233950 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00055.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Homeobox A9 (HOXA9), the expression of which is promoted by mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) and WD-40 repeat protein 5 (WDR5), is a homeodomain-containing transcription factor that plays an essential role in regulating stem cell activity. HOXA9 has been found to inhibit skeletal muscle regeneration and delay recovery after muscle wounding in aged mice, but little is known about its role in denervated/reinnervated muscles. We performed detailed time-dependent expression analyses of HOXA9 and its promoters, MLL1 and WDR5, in rat gastrocnemius muscles after the following three types of sciatic nerve surgeries: nerve transection (denervation), end-to-end repair (repair), and sham operation (sham). Then, the specific mechanisms of HOXA9 were detected in vitro by transfecting primary satellite cells with empty pIRES2-DsRed2, pIRES2-DsRed2-HOXA9, empty pPLK/GFP-Puro, and pPLK/GFP-Puro-HOXA9 small hairpin RNA (shRNA) plasmids. We found, for the first time, that HOXA9 protein expression simultaneously increased with increasing denervated muscle atrophy severity and that upregulated MLL1 and WDR5 expression was partly associated with denervation. Indeed, in vitro experiments revealed that HOXA9 inhibited myogenic differentiation, affected the best known atrophic signaling pathways, and promoted apoptosis but did not eliminate the differentiation potential of primary satellite cells. HOXA9 may promote denervated muscle atrophy by regulating the activity of satellite cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bingsheng Liang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Shuaijie Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wenkai Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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The Role of Muscle Stem Cells in Regeneration and Recovery after Denervation: A Review. Plast Reconstr Surg 2019; 143:779-788. [PMID: 30817650 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0000000000005370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle denervation is a complex clinical problem that still lacks a comprehensive solution. Previous studies have suggested that prolonged periods of denervation lead to a decline in the muscle stem cell population, negatively affecting the ability of muscle to regenerate following reinnervation. Recent advances in the understanding of muscle stem cell biology, along with new techniques that increase the ability to identify and manipulate these cells, provide an opportunity to definitively address the impact of muscle stem cells in recovery from denervation and their potential role in treatment. METHODS A comprehensive review of the literature on the biology of muscle denervation, and the effect of denervation injury on muscle stem cell behavior, was performed. RESULTS In this review, the authors discuss the current understanding of muscle stem cell biology in the setting of denervation atrophy, review barriers to successful reinnervation, and review options available to patients following denervation injury. The authors also discuss potential use of muscle stem cells in future therapies. CONCLUSIONS Although the clinical treatment of prolonged denervation injury has improved in recent years, regeneration of native muscle remains elusive. Muscle stem cells have been demonstrated to be of central importance in muscle regeneration following injury, and may be a powerful tool that provides effective new options for future treatments. Additional work clarifying the effect of denervation injury on satellite cells is needed to determine whether they are a limiting factor in recovery and to demonstrate whether their clinical use as a cell-based therapy in denervation injury can be efficacious.
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Cercone M, Jarvis JC, Ducharme NG, Perkins J, Piercy RJ, Willand MP, Mitchell LM, Sledziona M, Soderholm L, Cheetham J. Functional electrical stimulation following nerve injury in a large animal model. Muscle Nerve 2019; 59:717-725. [PMID: 30815883 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Controversy exists over the effects of functional electrical stimulation (FES) on reinnervation. We hypothesized that intramuscular FES would not delay reinnervation after recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLn) axonotmesis. METHODS RLn cryo-injury and electrode implantation in ipsilateral posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (PCA) were performed in horses. PCA was stimulated for 20 weeks in eight animals; seven served as controls. Reinnervation was monitored through muscle response to hypercapnia, electrical stimulation and exercise. Ultimately, muscle fiber type proportions and minimum fiber diameters, and RLn axon number and degree of myelination were determined. RESULTS Laryngeal function returned to normal in both groups within 22 weeks. FES improved muscle strength and geometry, and induced increased type I:II fiber proportion (p = 0.038) in the stimulated PCA. FES showed no deleterious effects on reinnervation. DISCUSSION Intramuscular electrical stimulation did not delay PCA reinnervation after axonotmesis. FES can represent a supportive treatment to promote laryngeal functional recovery after RLn injury. Muscle Nerve 59:717-725, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Cercone
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Norm G Ducharme
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Justin Perkins
- Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | - Richard J Piercy
- Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| | | | - Lisa M Mitchell
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Michael Sledziona
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Leo Soderholm
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan Cheetham
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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Choi YH, Ahn HJ, Park MR, Han MJ, Lee JH, Kwon SK. Dual growth factor-immobilized bioactive injection material for enhanced treatment of glottal insufficiency. Acta Biomater 2019; 86:269-279. [PMID: 30599245 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
With increasing demand for treatment of glottal insufficiency, several injection materials have been examined. However, biological resorption, degradation of injected materials, and the subsequent need to perform multiple injections still remain major clinical problems. In this study, we fabricated two different growth factor (GF) [single basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), single hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), or dual bFGF/HGF]-immobilized polycaprolactone (PCL)/Pluronic F127 microspheres. These materials were investigated for their potential use as bioactive injection laryngoplasty agents. HGF was found to be continuously released over 20 days and the bFGF was found to be continuously released over 25 days, as demonstrated by ELISA assay. Human vocal fold fibroblasts (hVFFs) showed significantly higher proliferative ability on dual GF-immobilized microspheres. GF-immobilized microspheres (bFGF, HGF, and dual GF) were injected into paralyzed vocal folds of New Zealand white rabbits. Through endoscopic observation and H&E staining, we identified that the microspheres remained localized at the injection site, resulting in constant volume augmentation of the paralyzed vocal fold without significant loss of the initial volume after 4 weeks. The expression of genes related to the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the vocal fold was upregulated by dual GF-immobilized microspheres. Furthermore, dual GF-immobilized microspheres inhibited muscle degeneration and upregulation of myogenic-related genes. In conclusion, dual GF-immobilized microspheres passively augmented the volume of the paralyzed vocal fold while actively inducing ECM synthesis at the injected vocal fold and preserving muscle tissue. Dual GF-immobilized microspheres could be a new and promising injection material for paralyzed vocal folds. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Limitation of prolonged augmentation of vocal fold and degeneration of vocal fold tissue still remain as major clinical problems in the treatment of vocal fold paralysis. Herein, we fabricated the polycaprolactone (PCL)/Pluronic F127 microspheres to augment volume of paralyzed vocal folds. On top of that, we additionally immobilized the growth factors (bFGF, HGF, or dual bFGF/HGF) on the surface of these microspheres. We highlight the efficacy of the dual GF-immobilized microspheres which augmented the volume of the paralyzed vocal fold passively, induced ECM synthesis actively at the injected vocal fold and preserved laryngeal muscle tissue. Our results suggest that the dual GF-immobilized microsphere could be a new promising injection material for injection laryngoplasty to treat paralyzed vocal fold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Hwan Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jin Ahn
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ri Park
- Department of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hannam University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Jung Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ho Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hannam University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seong Keun Kwon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Imasaka KI, Tomita Y, Nishijima T, Tayama E, Morita S, Toriya R, Shiose A. Pectoral Muscle Atrophy After Axillary Artery Cannulation for Aortic Arch Surgery. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2019; 31:414-421. [PMID: 30654025 DOI: 10.1053/j.semtcvs.2019.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To investigate postoperative pectoral atrophy in 141 patients undergoing aortic arch surgery involving bilateral axillary artery cannulations with side grafts. The depth from the skin to the axillary artery surrounding the thoracoacromial artery (zone 1), and the thicknesses of pectoralis major (zone 2) and pectoralis minor (zone 3) were measured by computed tomography before surgery, at 1 and 6 months after surgery, and at the most recent follow-up assessment (PostT2) (mean = 41 months, range 11-75 months). Based on the median value (47.4 mm) of zone 1, the preoperative pectoral thickness was categorized into 2 groups: pectoral thickness >47.4 mm (thick group) and ≤47.4 mm (thin group). Mean changes in the pectoral thickness from baseline were evaluated using the longitudinal mixed-effects model. Forty-three of 110 patients underwent total arch replacements and extra-anatomical bypasses for left subclavian artery anastomoses. In 3 patients, axillary artery grafts became infected. There was no obvious harm associated with muscle wasting. Mean changes from baseline in zones 1, 2, and 3 showed significant declines at PostT2 (-13.40 ± 9.73 mm [P < 0.0001], -7.00 ± 5.23 mm [P < 0.0001], and -7.23 ± 6.42 mm [P < 0.0001], respectively). In the thick group, the progression of pectoral atrophy in zones 1 and 3 was significantly more than that of the thin group (P < 0.0001 for both zones). Postoperative pectoral atrophy progressed rapidly. The preoperative pectoral size might be of no use in the prevention of pectoral atrophy. Further investigation to prevent the pectoral atrophy is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-Ichi Imasaka
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan.
| | - Yukihiro Tomita
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuya Nishijima
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eiki Tayama
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shigeki Morita
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryohei Toriya
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Clinical Research Institute, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Shiose
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Agüera E, Castilla S, Luque E, Jimena I, Ruz-Caracuel I, Leiva-Cepas F, Peña J. Denervated muscle extract promotes recovery of muscle atrophy through activation of satellite cells. An experimental study. JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2019; 8:23-31. [PMID: 30719380 PMCID: PMC6349589 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of the present study was to determine whether a denervated muscle extract (DmEx) could stimulate satellite cell response in denervated muscle. METHODS Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: normal rats, normal rats treated with DmEx, denervated rats, and denervated rats treated with DmEx. The soleus muscles were examined using immunohistochemical techniques for proliferating cell nuclear antigen, desmin, and myogenic differentiation antigen (MyoD), and electron microscopy was used for analysis of the satellite cells. RESULTS The results indicate that while denervation causes activation of satellite cells, DmEx also induces myogenic differentiation of cells localized in the interstitial space and the formation of new muscle fibers. Although DmEx had a similar effect in nature on innervated and denervated muscles, this response was of greater magnitude in denervated vs. intact muscles. CONCLUSION Our study shows that treatment of denervated rats with DmEx potentiates the myogenic response in atrophic denervated muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Agüera
- Department of Neurology, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba 14004, Spain
| | - Salvador Castilla
- Department of Critical Care and Emergency, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba 14004, Spain
| | - Evelio Luque
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Section of Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba 14004, Spain
| | - Ignacio Jimena
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Section of Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba 14004, Spain
| | - Ignacio Ruz-Caracuel
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Section of Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba 14004, Spain
| | - Fernando Leiva-Cepas
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Section of Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba 14004, Spain
| | - José Peña
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Section of Histology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, Maimonides Institute for Biomedical Research IMIBIC, Reina Sofia University Hospital, University of Cordoba, Cordoba 14004, Spain
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McCormick R, Vasilaki A. Age-related changes in skeletal muscle: changes to life-style as a therapy. Biogerontology 2018; 19:519-536. [PMID: 30259289 PMCID: PMC6223729 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-018-9775-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
As we age, there is an age-related loss in skeletal muscle mass and strength, known as sarcopenia. Sarcopenia results in a decrease in mobility and independence, as well as an increase in the risk of other morbidities and mortality. Sarcopenia is therefore a major socio-economical problem. The mechanisms behind sarcopenia are unclear and it is likely that it is a multifactorial condition with changes in numerous important mechanisms all contributing to the structural and functional deterioration. Here, we review the major proposed changes which occur in skeletal muscle during ageing and highlight evidence for changes in physical activity and nutrition as therapeutic approaches to combat age-related skeletal muscle wasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel McCormick
- Musculoskeletal Biology II, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, University of Liverpool, William Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK.
| | - Aphrodite Vasilaki
- Musculoskeletal Biology II, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, Centre for Integrated Research into Musculoskeletal Ageing, University of Liverpool, William Duncan Building, 6 West Derby Street, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK
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WITHDRAWN: Histological difference of Soleus Muscle fibers due to Sciatic Nerve Transection in Rats. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Park JU, Kwon ST. Potential of autologous adipose-derived stem cells to regenerate atrophied muscle in a rat model. Wound Repair Regen 2018; 25:944-955. [DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ung Park
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Seoul National University Boramae Hospital; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Tack Kwon
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Seoul National University College of Medicine; Seoul Republic of Korea
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Wen J, Wang Y, Jiang W, Luo Y, Peng J, Chen M, Jing X. Quantitative Evaluation of Denervated Muscle Atrophy with Shear Wave Ultrasound Elastography and a Comparison with the Histopathologic Parameters in an Animal Model. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2018; 44:458-466. [PMID: 29174043 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2017.08.1887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the efficacy of shear wave ultrasound elastography (SWUE) for quantitative evaluation of denervated muscle atrophy in a rabbit model. The elastic modulus of the triceps surae muscle was measured with SWUE and compared with histopathologic parameters at baseline and at various post-denervation times (2, 4 and 8 wk) with 10 animals in each group. Our results revealed that the elastic modulus of denervated muscle was significantly lower at 2 wk but higher at 8 wk compared with that at the baseline (p <0.05), and no significant difference was found between the elastic modulus at 4 wk and that at the baseline (p > 0.05). The wet-weight ratio and the muscle fiber cross-sectional area of the denervated muscle decreased gradually during the 8 wk post-denervation together with a gradual increase of the collagen fiber area (p <0.05). In conclusion, SWUE was useful for quantitative evaluation of muscle denervation. The decreased elastic modulus might be an early sign of denervated muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wen
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yuexiang Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenli Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yukun Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiang Peng
- Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China; Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Mingxue Chen
- Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Jing
- Key Lab of Musculoskeletal Trauma & War Injuries, PLA, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopedics, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Sajer S. Mobility disorders and pain, interrelations that need new research concepts and advanced clinical commitments. Eur J Transl Myol 2017; 27:7179. [PMID: 29299226 PMCID: PMC5745518 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2017.7179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This Perspective will discuss topics recently suggested by Prof. Helmut Kern, Vienna, Austria, to advance the research activities of his team, that is: Topic A, 10 years post RISE; Topic B, New research for new solutions on old research questions; Topic C, Working groups on nerve regeneration, training-parameters of seniors in different ages, muscle adaptation; and studies of connective tissue and cartilage. This Perspective summarizes some of the basic concepts and of the evidence-based tools for developing further translational research activities. Clinically relevant results will ask for continuous interests of Basic and Applied Myologists and for the support during the next five to ten years of public and private granting agencies. All together, they will end in protocols, devices and multidisciplinary managements for persons suffering with muscle denervation, neuromuscular-related or non-related pain and for the increasing population of old, older and oldest senior citizens in Europe and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sascha Sajer
- Physiko- und Rheumatherapie, St. Poelten, Austria
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Renström L, Stål P, Song Y, Forsgren S. Bilateral muscle fiber and nerve influences by TNF-alpha in response to unilateral muscle overuse - studies on TNF receptor expressions. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:498. [PMID: 29183282 PMCID: PMC5706416 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1796-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TNF-alpha is suggested to be involved in muscle damage and muscle inflammation (myositis). In order to evaluate whether TNF-alpha is involved in the myositis that occurs in response to muscle overuse, the aim was to examine the expression patterns of TNF receptors in this condition. METHODS A rabbit muscle overuse model leading to myositis in the soleus muscle was used. The expression patterns of the two TNF receptors Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor type 1 (TNFR1) and Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor type 2 (TNFR2) were investigated. In situ hybridization and immunofluorescence were utilized. Immunostainings for desmin, NK-1R and CD31 were made in parallel. RESULTS Immunoreactions (IR) for TNF receptors were clearly observed in white blood cells, fibroblasts and vessel walls, and most interestingly also in muscle fibers and nerve fascicles in the myositis muscles. There were very restricted reactions for these in the muscles of controls. The upregulation of TNF receptors was for all types of structures seen for both the experimental side and the contralateral nonexperimental side. TNF receptor expressing muscle fibers were present in myositis muscles. They can be related to attempts for reparation/regeneration, as evidenced from results of parallel stainings. Necrotic muscle fibers displayed TNFR1 mRNA and TNFR2 immunoreaction (IR) in the invading white blood cells. In myositis muscles, TNFR1 IR was observed in both axons and Schwann cells while TNFR2 IR was observed in Schwann cells. Such observations were very rarely made for control animals. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that there is a pronounced involvement of TNF-alpha in the developing myositis process. Attempts for reparation of the muscle tissue seem to occur via both TNFR1 and TNFR2. As the myositis process also occurs in the nonexperimental side and as TNF receptors are confined to nerve fascicles bilaterally it can be asked whether TNF-alpha is involved in the spreading of the myositis process to the contralateral side via the nervous system. Taken together, the study shows that TNF-alpha is not only associated with the inflammation process but that both the muscular and nervous systems are affected and that this occurs both on experimental and nonexperimental sides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Renström
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section of Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Per Stål
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section of Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Yafeng Song
- Perelman School of Medicine & Pennsylvania Muscle Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sture Forsgren
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section of Anatomy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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El-Habta R, Kingham PJ, Backman LJ. Adipose stem cells enhance myoblast proliferation via acetylcholine and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 signaling. Muscle Nerve 2017; 57:305-311. [PMID: 28686790 PMCID: PMC5811911 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: In this study we investigated the interaction between adipose tissue–derived stem cells (ASCs) and myoblasts in co‐culture experiments. Methods: Specific inductive media were used to differentiate ASCs in vitro into a Schwann cell–like phenotype (differentiated adipose tissue–derived stem cells, or dASCs) and, subsequently, the expression of acetylcholine (ACh)‐related machinery was determined. In addition, the expression of muscarinic ACh receptors was examined in denervated rat gastrocnemius muscles. Results: In contrast to undifferentiated ASCs, dASCs expressed more choline acetyltransferase and vesicular acetylcholine transporter. When co‐cultured with myoblasts, dASCs enhanced the proliferation rate, as did ACh administration alone. Western blotting and pharmacological inhibitor studies showed that phosphorylated extracellular signal–regulated kinase 1/2 signaling mediated these effects. In addition, denervated muscle showed higher expression of muscarinic ACh receptors than control muscle. Discussion: Our findings suggest that dASCs promote proliferation of myoblasts through paracrine secretion of ACh, which could explain some of their regenerative capacity in vivo. Muscle Nerve57: 305–311, 2018
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Affiliation(s)
- Roine El-Habta
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Paul J Kingham
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ludvig J Backman
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Section for Anatomy, Umeå University, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
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Bonetti LV, Malysz T, Ilha J, Barbosa S, Achaval M, Faccioni-Heuser MC. The Effects of Two Different Exercise Programs on the Ultrastructural Features of the Sciatic Nerve and Soleus Muscle After Sciatic Crush. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2017; 300:1654-1661. [PMID: 28463452 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injuries constitute a significant medical problem and the recovery is critically dependent on post-injury treatment. In this study, following sciatic nerve crush, we investigated the effects of a 4-week endurance training program (ET) and balance and coordination training program (BCT) on the ultrastructural features of the sciatic nerve and soleus muscle. The animals were randomly divided into Sham, non-trained (NT), ET, and BCT groups each of which included three animals. Ultra-thin cross and longitudinal sections (70-85 nm) were digitized and analyzed comparatively. The electron micrographic analysis of the sciatic nerve showed similar organelles features in the injury groups (myelin debris and swelling mitochondria). Nonetheless, the ET group presented better ultrastructural features as demonstrated by the greater predominance of rounded fibers and more defined organization in the myelinated axon bundles. In the soleus muscle's analyses, the injured groups demonstrated similar organelles' features (nucleus contained highly heterochromatic nuclei and smaller mitochondria). However, ET and BCT groups showed apparently enlarged myofibril cross-sectional areas and less collagen around muscle fibers, although, the ET group displayed reduced intermyofibrillar spaces and more closely aligned myofilaments when compared with the BCT group. Based on electron micrographic analysis, our findings suggest the presence of ultrastructural differences between the Sham, NT, and the trained groups. Therefore, exercise type seems to be responsible for producing some different positive features in the trained groups, while ET seems to have a more pronounced influence on the ultrastructural features of the sciatic nerve and the soleus muscle after a crush injury. Anat Rec, 300:1654-1661, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro Viçosa Bonetti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Histofisiologia Comparada, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Taís Malysz
- Laboratório de Histofisiologia Comparada, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Jocemar Ilha
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Experimental (LAPEx), Departamento de Fisioterapia, Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil
| | - Silvia Barbosa
- Laboratório de Histofisiologia Comparada, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Matilde Achaval
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Histofisiologia Comparada, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina Faccioni-Heuser
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Neurociências, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
- Laboratório de Histofisiologia Comparada, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
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Gerber C, Meyer DC, Flück M, Valdivieso P, von Rechenberg B, Benn MC, Wieser K. Muscle Degeneration Associated With Rotator Cuff Tendon Release and/or Denervation in Sheep. Am J Sports Med 2017; 45:651-658. [PMID: 28272927 DOI: 10.1177/0363546516677254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of an additional neurological injury (suprascapular nerve traction injury) to a chronically retracted rotator cuff muscle is incompletely understood and warrants clarification. PURPOSE To investigate the microscopic and macroscopic muscle degeneration patterns caused by tendon release and/or muscle denervation in a sheep rotator cuff model. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Infraspinatus muscle biopsy specimens (for histological analysis) were obtained from 18 Swiss alpine sheep before and 16 weeks after release of the infraspinatus tendon (tenotomy [T] group; n = 6), transection of the suprascapular nerve (neurectomy [N] group; n = 6), or tendon release plus nerve transection (tenotomy + neurectomy [T&N] group; n = 6). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) were used to assess retraction (CT), muscle density (CT), volume (MRI T2), and fat fraction (MRI Dixon). Stiffness of the infraspinatus was measured with a spring scale. RESULTS At 16 weeks postoperatively, the mean infraspinatus muscle volume had decreased significantly more after neurectomy (to 47% ± 7% of the original volume; P = .001) and tenotomy plus neurectomy (48% ± 13%; P = .005) than after tenotomy alone (78% ± 11%). Conversely, the mean amount of intramuscular fat (CT/MRI Dixon) was not significantly different in the 3 groups (T group: 50% ± 9%; N group: 40% ± 11%; T&N group: 46% ± 10%) after 16 weeks. The mean myotendinous retraction (CT) was not significantly different in the T and T&N groups (5.8 ± 1.0 cm and 6.4 ± 0.4 cm, respectively; P = .26). Stiffness was, however, most increased after additional neurectomy. In contrast to muscle changes after tendon release, denervation of the muscle led to a decrease in the pennation angle of lengthened muscle fibers, with a reduced mean cross-sectional area of pooled muscle fibers, a slow- to fast-type transformation, and an increase in the area percentage of hybrid fibers, leading to overall significantly greater atrophy of the corresponding muscle. CONCLUSION Although it is unclear which experimental group (T or T&N) most accurately reflects the clinical scenario in a given case, these findings provide baseline information for clinical differentiation between muscle changes caused by denervation or rotator cuff tendon lesions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The findings of this study help to understand how and to which extent a neurological lesion of the supplying suprascapular nerve could influence the pattern of anatomic-physiological muscular changes after rotator cuff tendon tears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Gerber
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik C Meyer
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Flück
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paola Valdivieso
- Laboratory for Muscle Plasticity, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Brigitte von Rechenberg
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mario C Benn
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, Center for Applied Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, Equine Department, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Karl Wieser
- Department of Orthopaedics, Balgrist University Hospital, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Nonlinear Trimodal Regression Analysis of Radiodensitometric Distributions to Quantify Sarcopenic and Sequelae Muscle Degeneration. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2016; 2016:8932950. [PMID: 28115982 PMCID: PMC5223076 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8932950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Muscle degeneration has been consistently identified as an independent risk factor for high mortality in both aging populations and individuals suffering from neuromuscular pathology or injury. While there is much extant literature on its quantification and correlation to comorbidities, a quantitative gold standard for analyses in this regard remains undefined. Herein, we hypothesize that rigorously quantifying entire radiodensitometric distributions elicits more muscle quality information than average values reported in extant methods. This study reports the development and utility of a nonlinear trimodal regression analysis method utilized on radiodensitometric distributions of upper leg muscles from CT scans of a healthy young adult, a healthy elderly subject, and a spinal cord injury patient. The method was then employed with a THA cohort to assess pre- and postsurgical differences in their healthy and operative legs. Results from the initial representative models elicited high degrees of correlation to HU distributions, and regression parameters highlighted physiologically evident differences between subjects. Furthermore, results from the THA cohort echoed physiological justification and indicated significant improvements in muscle quality in both legs following surgery. Altogether, these results highlight the utility of novel parameters from entire HU distributions that could provide insight into the optimal quantification of muscle degeneration.
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Edmunds KJ, Gíslason MK, Arnadottir ID, Marcante A, Piccione F, Gargiulo P. Quantitative Computed Tomography and Image Analysis for Advanced Muscle Assessment. Eur J Transl Myol 2016; 26:6015. [PMID: 27478562 PMCID: PMC4942705 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2016.6015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Medical imaging is of particular interest in the field of translational myology, as extant literature describes the utilization of a wide variety of techniques to non-invasively recapitulate and quantity various internal and external tissue morphologies. In the clinical context, medical imaging remains a vital tool for diagnostics and investigative assessment. This review outlines the results from several investigations on the use of computed tomography (CT) and image analysis techniques to assess muscle conditions and degenerative process due to aging or pathological conditions. Herein, we detail the acquisition of spiral CT images and the use of advanced image analysis tools to characterize muscles in 2D and 3D. Results from these studies recapitulate changes in tissue composition within muscles, as visualized by the association of tissue types to specified Hounsfield Unit (HU) values for fat, loose connective tissue or atrophic muscle, and normal muscle, including fascia and tendon. We show how results from these analyses can be presented as both average HU values and compositions with respect to total muscle volumes, demonstrating the reliability of these tools to monitor, assess and characterize muscle degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Joseph Edmunds
- Institute for Biomedical and Neural Engineering, Háskólinn í Reykjavík , Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Magnus K Gíslason
- Institute for Biomedical and Neural Engineering, Háskólinn í Reykjavík , Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Iris D Arnadottir
- Institute for Biomedical and Neural Engineering, Háskólinn í Reykjavík , Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | | | - Paolo Gargiulo
- Institute for Biomedical and Neural Engineering, Háskólinn í Reykjavík, Reykjavík, Iceland; Landspítali, Reykjavík, Iceland
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Carraro U, Kern H. Severely Atrophic Human Muscle Fibers With Nuclear Misplacement Survive Many Years of Permanent Denervation. Eur J Transl Myol 2016; 26:5894. [PMID: 27478559 PMCID: PMC4942702 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2016.5894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Likewise in rodents, after complete spinal cord injury (SCI) the lower motor neuron (LMN) denervated human muscle fibers lose completely the myofibrillar apparatus and the coil distribution of myonuclei that are relocated in groups (nuclear clumps) in the center of severely atrophic muscle fibers. Up to two years of LMN denervation the muscle fibers with nuclear clumps are very seldom, but in this cohort of patients the severely atrophic muscle fibers are frequent in muscle biopsies harvested three to six years after SCI. Indeed, the percentage increased to 27 ± 9% (p< 0.001), and then abruptly decreased from the 6th year onward, when fibrosis takes over to neurogenic muscle atrophy. Immunohistochemical analyses shown that nuclear misplacements occurred in both fast and slow muscle fibers. In conclusion, human muscle fibers survive permanent denervation much longer than generally accepted and relocation of nuclei is a general behavior in long term denervated muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Carraro
- IRCCS, Fondazione Ospedale San Camillo , Venice, Italy
| | - Helmut Kern
- Institute of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
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Brioche T, Pagano AF, Py G, Chopard A. Muscle wasting and aging: Experimental models, fatty infiltrations, and prevention. Mol Aspects Med 2016; 50:56-87. [PMID: 27106402 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Revised: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Identification of cost-effective interventions to maintain muscle mass, muscle strength, and physical performance during muscle wasting and aging is an important public health challenge. It requires understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved. Muscle-deconditioning processes have been deciphered by means of several experimental models, bringing together the opportunities to devise comprehensive analysis of muscle wasting. Studies have increasingly recognized the importance of fatty infiltrations or intermuscular adipose tissue for the age-mediated loss of skeletal-muscle function and emphasized that this new important factor is closely linked to inactivity. The present review aims to address three main points. We first mainly focus on available experimental models involving cell, animal, or human experiments on muscle wasting. We next point out the role of intermuscular adipose tissue in muscle wasting and aging and try to highlight new findings concerning aging and muscle-resident mesenchymal stem cells called fibro/adipogenic progenitors by linking some cellular players implicated in both FAP fate modulation and advancing age. In the last part, we review the main data on the efficiency and molecular and cellular mechanisms by which exercise, replacement hormone therapies, and β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate prevent muscle wasting and sarcopenia. Finally, we will discuss a potential therapeutic target of sarcopenia: glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brioche
- Université de Montpellier, INRA, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier F-34060, France.
| | - Allan F Pagano
- Université de Montpellier, INRA, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier F-34060, France
| | - Guillaume Py
- Université de Montpellier, INRA, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier F-34060, France
| | - Angèle Chopard
- Université de Montpellier, INRA, UMR 866 Dynamique Musculaire et Métabolisme, Montpellier F-34060, France
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Simon NG, Spinner RJ, Kline DG, Kliot M. Advances in the neurological and neurosurgical management of peripheral nerve trauma. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2016; 87:198-208. [PMID: 25922080 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-310175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral nerve trauma frequently affects younger people and may result in significant and long-lasting functional disability. Currently, diagnosis and monitoring of peripheral nerve injury relies on clinical and electrodiagnostic information, supplemented by intraoperative electrophysiological studies. However, in a significant proportion of nerve injuries, the likelihood of spontaneous regeneration resulting in good functional outcome remains uncertain and unnecessary delays to treatment may be faced while monitoring for recovery. Advances in non-invasive imaging techniques to diagnose and monitor nerve injury and regeneration are being developed, and have the potential to streamline the decision-making process. In addition, advances in operative and non-operative treatment strategies may provide more effective ways to maximise functional outcomes following severe peripheral nerve trauma. This review discusses these advances in light of the current state of the art of management of peripheral nerve trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil G Simon
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia Brain and Mind Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert J Spinner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - David G Kline
- Department of Neurosurgery, Louisiana State University Health Science Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Michel Kliot
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Nagai H, Nishiyama K, Seino Y, Tabata Y, Okamoto M. Evaluation of Autologous Fascia Implantation With Controlled Release of Fibroblast Growth Factor for Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Paralysis Due to Long-term Denervation. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2016; 125:508-15. [DOI: 10.1177/0003489415625075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Paralyzed tissue due to long-term denervation is resistant to many treatments because it induces irreversible histological changes and disorders of deglutition or phonation. We sought to determine the effect of autologous transplantation of fascia into the vocal fold (ATFV) with controlled release of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on long-term unilateral vocal fold paralysis (UVFP). Methods: Unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) section was performed on 20 rats. Five rats were implanted with autologous fascia only (fascia group), and 10 rats were implanted with autologous fascia and a gelatin hydrogel sheet with 1 μg (1 μg bFGF + fascia group) or 0.1 μg (0.1 μg bFGF + fascia group) of bFGF 4 months after RLN section. We evaluated the normalized glottal gap and laryngeal volume and histological changes 3 months after implantation. Results: The normalized glottal gap was significantly reduced in the 3 fascia implantation groups. Normalized laryngeal volume, fat volume, and lateral thyroarytenoid muscle volume were significantly increased in the 2 fascia implantation with bFGF groups. Conclusions: The ATFV with controlled release of bFGF repaired the glottal gap and laryngeal volume after RLN section and may reduce the occurrence of aspiration and hoarseness. We speculate that this treatment improves laryngeal function in long-term RLN denervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Nagai
- Department of Otolaryngology, Yamato Municipal Hospital, Yamato City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Yutomo Seino
- Department of Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Tabata
- Kyoto University Institute for Frontier Medical Science, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makito Okamoto
- Department of Otolaryngology Head-Neck Surgery, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
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O’Leary S, Jull G, Van Wyk L, Pedler A, Elliott J. Morphological changes in the cervical muscles of women with chronic whiplash can be modified with exercise-A pilot study. Muscle Nerve 2015; 52:772-9. [PMID: 25702919 PMCID: PMC4545448 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this preliminary study we determined whether MRI markers of cervical muscle degeneration [elevated muscle fatty infiltration (MFI), cross-sectional area (CSA), and reduced relative muscle CSA (rmCSA)] could be modified with exercise in patients with chronic whiplash. METHODS Five women with chronic whiplash undertook 10 weeks of neck exercise. MRI measures of the cervical multifidus (posterior) and longus capitus/colli (anterior) muscles, neck muscle strength, and self-reported neck disability were recorded at baseline and at completion of the exercise program. RESULTS Overall significant increases in CSA and rmCSA were observed for both muscles, but significant reductions in MFI were only evident in the cervical multifidus muscle. These changes coincided with increased muscle strength and reduced neck disability. CONCLUSIONS MRI markers of muscle morphology in individuals with chronic whiplash appear to be modifiable with exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun O’Leary
- Centre for Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, Division of Physiotherapy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
- Physiotherapy Department, Royal Brisbane and Womens Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - Gwendolen Jull
- Centre for Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, Division of Physiotherapy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Luke Van Wyk
- Centre for Clinical Research Excellence in Spinal Pain, Injury and Health, Division of Physiotherapy, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Ashley Pedler
- Centre for National Research on Disability and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4029, Australia
| | - James Elliott
- Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Chicago, Illinois, USA & Honorary Senior Fellow, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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Cheetham J, Perkins JD, Jarvis JC, Cercone M, Maw M, Hermanson JW, Mitchell LM, Piercy RJ, Ducharme NG. Effects of Functional Electrical Stimulation on Denervated Laryngeal Muscle in a Large Animal Model. Artif Organs 2015; 39:876-85. [DOI: 10.1111/aor.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Cheetham
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Cornell University; Ithaca NY USA
| | - Justin D. Perkins
- Comparative Neuromuscular Disease Laboratory; Royal Veterinary College; London
| | | | - Marta Cercone
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Cornell University; Ithaca NY USA
| | | | - John W. Hermanson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Cornell University; Ithaca NY USA
| | - Lisa M. Mitchell
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Cornell University; Ithaca NY USA
| | - Richard J. Piercy
- Comparative Neuromuscular Disease Laboratory; Royal Veterinary College; London
| | - Norm G. Ducharme
- Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Veterinary Medicine; Cornell University; Ithaca NY USA
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Talbert EE, Guttridge DC. Impaired regeneration: A role for the muscle microenvironment in cancer cachexia. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 54:82-91. [PMID: 26385617 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While changes in muscle protein synthesis and degradation have long been known to contribute to muscle wasting, a body of literature has arisen which suggests that regulation of the satellite cell and its ensuing regenerative program are impaired in atrophied muscle. Lessons learned from cancer cachexia suggest that this regulation is simply not a consequence, but a contributing factor to the wasting process. In addition to satellite cells, evidence from mouse models of cancer cachexia also suggests that non-satellite progenitor cells from the muscle microenvironment are also involved. This chapter in the series reviews the evidence of dysfunctional muscle repair in multiple wasting conditions. Potential mechanisms for this dysfunctional regeneration are discussed, particularly in the context of cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Talbert
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Human Cancer Genetics Program, and the Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Denis C Guttridge
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics, Human Cancer Genetics Program, and the Arthur G. James Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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Musumeci G, Castrogiovanni P, Coleman R, Szychlinska MA, Salvatorelli L, Parenti R, Magro G, Imbesi R. Somitogenesis: From somite to skeletal muscle. Acta Histochem 2015; 117:313-28. [PMID: 25850375 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Myogenesis is controlled by an elaborate system of extrinsic and intrinsic regulatory mechanisms in all development stages. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the different stages of myogenesis and muscle differentiation in mammals, starting from somitogenesis and analysis of the different portions that constitute the mature somite. Particular attention was paid to regulatory genes, in addition to mesodermal stem cells, which represent the earliest elements of myogenesis. Finally, the crucial role of growth factors, molecules of vital importance in contractile regulation, hormones and their function in skeletal muscle differentiation, growth and metabolism, and the role played by central nervous system, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy.
| | - Paola Castrogiovanni
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Raymond Coleman
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Marta Anna Szychlinska
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Lucia Salvatorelli
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Gaetano Magro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, G.F. Ingrassia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Anatomic Pathology Section, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosa Imbesi
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Human Anatomy and Histology Section, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Callahan ZJ, Oxendine M, Wheatley JL, Menke C, Cassell EA, Bartos A, Geiger PC, Schaeffer PJ. Compensatory responses of the insulin signaling pathway restore muscle glucose uptake following long-term denervation. Physiol Rep 2015; 3:3/4/e12359. [PMID: 25896980 PMCID: PMC4425965 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.12359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the role of muscle activity in maintaining normal glucose homeostasis via transection of the sciatic nerve, an extreme model of disuse atrophy. Mice were killed 3, 10, 28, or 56 days after transection or sham surgery. There was no difference in muscle weight between sham and transected limbs at 3 days post surgery, but it was significantly lower following transection at the other three time points. Transected muscle weight stabilized by 28 days post surgery with no further loss. Myocellular cross-sectional area was significantly smaller at 10, 28, and 56 days post transection surgery. Additionally, muscle fibrosis area was significantly greater at 56 days post transection. In transected muscle there was reduced expression of genes encoding transcriptional regulators of metabolism (PPARα, PGC-1α, PGC-1β, PPARδ), a glycolytic enzyme (PFK), a fatty acid transporter (M-CPT 1), and an enzyme of mitochondrial oxidation (CS) with transection. In denervated muscle, glucose uptake was significantly lower at 3 days but was greater at 56 days under basal and insulin-stimulated conditions. Although GLUT 4 mRNA was significantly lower at all time points in transected muscle, Western blot analysis showed greater expression of GLUT4 at 28 and 56 days post surgery. GLUT1 mRNA was unchanged; however, GLUT1 protein expression was also greater in transected muscles. Surgery led to significantly higher protein expression for Akt2 as well as higher phosphorylation of Akt. While denervation may initially lead to reduced glucose sensitivity, compensatory responses of insulin signaling appeared to restore and improve glucose uptake in long-term-transected muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joshua L Wheatley
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Chelsea Menke
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio
| | | | - Amanda Bartos
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio
| | - Paige C Geiger
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
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Cezar CA, Mooney DJ. Biomaterial-based delivery for skeletal muscle repair. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 84:188-97. [PMID: 25271446 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle possesses a remarkable capacity for regeneration in response to minor damage, but severe injury resulting in a volumetric muscle loss can lead to extensive and irreversible fibrosis, scarring, and loss of muscle function. In early clinical trials, the intramuscular injection of cultured myoblasts was proven to be a safe but ineffective cell therapy, likely due to rapid death, poor migration, and immune rejection of the injected cells. In recent years, appropriate therapeutic cell types and culturing techniques have improved progenitor cell engraftment upon transplantation. Importantly, the identification of several key biophysical and biochemical cues that synergistically regulate satellite cell fate has paved the way for the development of cell-instructive biomaterials that serve as delivery vehicles for cells to promote in vivo regeneration. Material carriers designed to spatially and temporally mimic the satellite cell niche may be of particular importance for the complete regeneration of severely damaged skeletal muscle.
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Carraro U, Boncompagni S, Gobbo V, Rossini K, Zampieri S, Mosole S, Ravara B, Nori A, Stramare R, Ambrosio F, Piccione F, Masiero S, Vindigni V, Gargiulo P, Protasi F, Kern H, Pond A, Marcante A. Persistent Muscle Fiber Regeneration in Long Term Denervation. Past, Present, Future. Eur J Transl Myol 2015; 25:4832. [PMID: 26913148 PMCID: PMC4383182 DOI: 10.4081/ejtm.2015.4832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the ravages of long term denervation there is structural and ultrastructural evidence for survival of muscle fibers in mammals, with some fibers surviving at least ten months in rodents and 3-6 years in humans. Further, in rodents there is evidence that muscle fibers may regenerate even after repeated damage in the absence of the nerve, and that this potential is maintained for several months after denervation. While in animal models permanently denervated muscle sooner or later loses the ability to contract, the muscles may maintain their size and ability to function if electrically stimulated soon after denervation. Whether in mammals, humans included, this is a result of persistent de novo formation of muscle fibers is an open issue we would like to explore in this review. During the past decade, we have studied muscle biopsies from the quadriceps muscle of Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) patients suffering with Conus and Cauda Equina syndrome, a condition that fully and irreversibly disconnects skeletal muscle fibers from their damaged innervating motor neurons. We have demonstrated that human denervated muscle fibers survive years of denervation and can be rescued from severe atrophy by home-based Functional Electrical Stimulation (h-bFES). Using immunohistochemistry with both non-stimulated and the h-bFES stimulated human muscle biopsies, we have observed the persistent presence of muscle fibers which are positive to labeling by an antibody which specifically recognizes the embryonic myosin heavy chain (MHCemb). Relative to the total number of fibers present, only a small percentage of these MHCemb positive fibers are detected, suggesting that they are regenerating muscle fibers and not pre-existing myofibers re-expressing embryonic isoforms. Although embryonic isoforms of acetylcholine receptors are known to be re-expressed and to spread from the end-plate to the sarcolemma of muscle fibers in early phases of muscle denervation, we suggest that the MHCemb positive muscle fibers we observe result from the activation, proliferation and fusion of satellite cells, the myogenic precursors present under the basal lamina of the muscle fibers. Using morphological features and molecular biomarkers, we show that severely atrophic muscle fibers, with a peculiar cluster reorganization of myonuclei, are present in rodent muscle seven-months after neurectomy and in human muscles 30-months after complete Conus-Cauda Equina Syndrome and that these are structurally distinct from early myotubes. Beyond reviewing evidence from rodent and human studies, we add some ultrastructural evidence of muscle fiber regeneration in long-term denervated human muscles and discuss the options to substantially increase the regenerative potential of severely denervated human muscles not having been treated with h-bFES. Some of the mandatory procedures, are ready to be translated from animal experiments to clinical studies to meet the needs of persons with long-term irreversible muscle denervation. An European Project, the trial Rise4EU (Rise for You, a personalized treatment for recovery of function of denervated muscle in long-term stable SCI) will hopefully follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Carraro
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Foundation San Camillo Hospital, I.R.C.C.S., Venice, Italy
| | - Simona Boncompagni
- CeSI, Center for Research on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti, Italy
| | - Valerio Gobbo
- C.N.R. Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biomedical Science, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Katia Rossini
- Translational Myology, Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology of the University of Padova CIR-Myo, Department of Biomedical Science, Padova, Italy
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sandra Zampieri
- Translational Myology, Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology of the University of Padova CIR-Myo, Department of Biomedical Science, Padova, Italy
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Mosole
- Translational Myology, Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology of the University of Padova CIR-Myo, Department of Biomedical Science, Padova, Italy
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Ravara
- Translational Myology, Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology of the University of Padova CIR-Myo, Department of Biomedical Science, Padova, Italy
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alessandra Nori
- Translational Myology, Interdepartmental Research Center of Myology of the University of Padova CIR-Myo, Department of Biomedical Science, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Stramare
- CIR-Myo, Department of Medicine, Radiology Unit, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Ambrosio
- Antalgic Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Piccione
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Foundation San Camillo Hospital, I.R.C.C.S., Venice, Italy
| | - Stefano Masiero
- CIR-Myo, Department of Neuroscience, Rehabilitation Unit, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Vindigni
- CIR-Myo, Department of Neuroscience, Plastic Surgery Unit, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Paolo Gargiulo
- Department of Science, Education, Innovation, Landspitali University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Feliciano Protasi
- CeSI, Center for Research on Aging, Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio of Chieti, Italy
| | - Helmut Kern
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Electrical Stimulation and Physical Rehabilitation, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Physical Medicine, Wilhelminenspital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amber Pond
- Anatomy Department, Southern Illinois University, School of Medicine, Carbondale, Illinois, USA
| | - Andrea Marcante
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, Foundation San Camillo Hospital, I.R.C.C.S., Venice, Italy
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Li Q, Zhang P, Yin X, Han N, Kou Y, Jiang B. Early sensory protection in reverse end-to-side neurorrhaphy to improve the functional recovery of chronically denervated muscle in rat: a pilot study. J Neurosurg 2014; 121:415-22. [PMID: 24878291 DOI: 10.3171/2014.4.jns131723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT Early innervation by sensory nerves has been proposed to prevent atrophy of chronically denervated muscle, but conventional end-to-end (ETE) neurorrhaphy has been demonstrated to have adverse effects on muscle contractile function. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential for modified sensory nerve protection in reverse end-to-side (ETS) neurorrhaphy as a way of improving the functional recovery of denervated muscle. METHODS Four groups of rats underwent surgical denervation of the tibial nerve projecting to the right hindlimbs (Group 1, unprotected controls; Group 2, positive control [immediate repair without delayed denervation]; Group 3, ETS protected; and Group 4, ETE protected). The proximal and distal stumps of the tibial nerve were ligated in all animals except for those in the immediate-repair group. Other animals underwent denervation without sural nerve protection, or with ETE or ETS neurorrhaphy. The ETE- and ETS-protected and unprotected groups underwent an additional surgery in which the trimmed proximal and distal tibial nerve stumps were sutured together. After 3 months of recovery, the tibial function index was determined, and electrophysiological, histological, and morphometric parameters were assessed. RESULTS Significant muscle atrophy was observed in the unprotected group, while a well-preserved ultrastructure was observed for the gastrocnemius muscle in the ETE- and ETS-protected groups. Enhanced recovery in the ETS-protected group was indicated by the tibial function index, motor nerve conduction velocity, muscle contractile force tests, and the histological results. In contrast, early sensory nerve protection in ETE neurorrhaphy impaired the recovery of the regenerated axons and diminished the contractile force of the denervated muscle. CONCLUSIONS Early sensory protection in reverse ETS neurorrhaphy is an effective method for improving the functional recovery of chronically denervated muscle following peripheral nerve injury in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingtian Li
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
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