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Neyra JA, Moe OW. Bone Dysregulation in Acute Kidney Injury. Nephron Clin Pract 2023; 147:747-753. [PMID: 37757785 DOI: 10.1159/000534228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a highly prevalent condition with multiple acute and chronic consequences. Survivors of AKI are at risk of AKI-to-chronic kidney disease (CKD) transition, which carries significant morbidity and mortality. One retrospective analysis showed increased risk of bone fracture post-AKI in humans, which was independent of CKD development. While there are several theoretical reasons for late disturbances of bone health post-AKI, no definitive data are available to date. An important question is whether there are bone sequelae from AKI that are independent of CKD, meaning bone disease prior to the onset, or in the absence of CKD - a form of "post-AKI osteopathy." While preclinical studies examining bone health after acute stressors have focused mostly on sepsis models, multiple experimental AKI models are readily available for longitudinal bone health interrogation. Future research should be tailored to define whether AKI is a risk factor, independent of CKD, for bone disease and if present, the time course and type of bone disease. This review summarizes a fraction of the existing data to provide some guidance in future research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier A Neyra
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Orson W Moe
- Charles and Jane Pak Center for Mineral Metabolism and Clinical Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Physiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Chen GQ, Duan Y, Wang JF, Lian Y, Yin XL. Serum α-Klotho associated with oral health among a nationally representative sample of US adults. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:970575. [PMID: 36204099 PMCID: PMC9530453 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.970575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low klotho is associated with aging-related traits. However, no study has assessed the association between klotho and oral health in a large sample of population. This study aimed to explore the association between serum α-klotho and oral health in US Adults. METHODS Data were from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Oral health parameters included periodontitis, self-rated oral health, and tooth loss. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were adopted to evaluate the associations. RESULTS A total of 6187 participants were included in the study. The median of the α-klotho level was 815.2 pg/mL. Serum α-Klotho was significantly lower in participants with poor oral health (all P <0.01). Compared with the highest tertile, the lowest tertile of α-klotho was associated with moderate/severe periodontitis, poor-rated oral health, and tooth loss, with OR (95% CI) being 1.21 (1.01, 1.48), 1.26 (1.01, 1.56) and 1.38 (1.05, 1.84), respectively. An increment of per 1 standard deviation in the α-klotho concentration was associated with lower odds of moderate/severe periodontitis (OR: 0.93; 95% CI: 0.87, 0.99). Linear dose-response relationships were found between α-klotho and the odds of moderate/severe periodontitis (P for non-linearity=0.88) and poor-rated oral health (P for non-linearity=0.66). An L-shaped dose-response relationship was found between levels of α-klotho and the odds of tooth loss (P for non-linearity=0.04). CONCLUSIONS Serum α-klotho was associated with oral health. Further studies are necessary to clarify the potential mechanisms and demonstrate the predictive ability of klotho in oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qiang Chen
- Department of Health Management & Engineering Laboratory for Health Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Department of Medical Record Management and Statistics, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital & The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Yao Duan
- Department of Medical Record Management and Statistics, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital & The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Jin-Feng Wang
- Department of Nursing, Center for Mental Health of Jinan City, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Lian
- Department of Medical Record Management and Statistics, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital & The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiu-Li Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shandong Rongjun General Hospital, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Xiu-Li Yin,
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3
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Kano T, Morita T, Sumida K, Yumoto H, Baba O. Expression of fibroblast growth factor receptor1, -2c, and -3c transcripts in mouse molars after tooth eruption. Anat Sci Int 2021; 96:301-309. [PMID: 33433858 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-020-00594-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A previous study suggested that fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling plays an important role in dentin formation during tooth development. In this study, to examine dentin formation after tooth eruption involving secondary and tertiary dentin, we analyzed the expression patterns and expressing cells of Fgfr1, -2c, and -3c in mouse maxillary first molars (M1). Since it is difficult to recover the mRNAs from mineralized tissues, we tested methods for extraction after fixation and decalcification of teeth. We successfully obtained consistent results with quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) using β-actin transcripts for validation. qPCR for Dentin sialo phosphoprotein (Dspp), Fgfr1, -2c, and -3c transcripts was performed on mice at ages of 2-20 weeks. The results showed that the highest expression levels of Dspp and Fgfr2c occurred at 2 weeks old followed by lower expression levels after 4 weeks old. However, the expression levels of Fgfr1 and Fgfr3c were constant throughout the experimental period. By in situ hybridization, Dspp, Fgfr1, and Fgfr3c transcripts were detected in odontoblasts at ages of 2 and 4 weeks. In addition, Dspp and Fgfr1 transcripts were detected in odontoblasts facing reactionary dentin at 8 weeks old. These results suggest that FGF-FGFR signaling might be involved in the regulation of odontoblasts even after tooth eruption, including secondary and tertiary dentin formation. Moreover, our modified method for extracting mRNA from mineralized tissues after fixation and decalcification successfully produced consistent results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Kano
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Morita
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan.
| | - Kaori Sumida
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Yumoto
- Department of Periodontology and Endodontology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Otto Baba
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15, Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima-shi, Tokushima, 770-8504, Japan
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4
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Coyac BR, Hoac B, Chafey P, Falgayrac G, Slimani L, Rowe PS, Penel G, Linglart A, McKee MD, Chaussain C, Bardet C. Defective Mineralization in X-Linked Hypophosphatemia Dental Pulp Cell Cultures. J Dent Res 2017; 97:184-191. [PMID: 28880715 DOI: 10.1177/0022034517728497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) is a skeletal disease caused by inactivating mutations in the PHEX gene. Mutated or absent PHEX protein/enzyme leads to a decreased serum phosphate level, which cause mineralization defects in the skeleton and teeth (osteomalacia/odontomalacia). It is not yet altogether clear whether these manifestations are caused solely by insufficient circulating phosphate availability for mineralization or also by a direct, local intrinsic effect caused by impaired PHEX activity. Here, we evaluated the local role of PHEX in a 3-dimensional model of extracellular matrix (ECM) mineralization. Dense collagen hydrogels were seeded either with human dental pulp cells from patients with characterized PHEX mutations or with sex- and age-matched healthy controls and cultured up to 24 d using osteogenic medium with standard phosphate concentration. Calcium quantification, micro-computed tomography, and histology with von Kossa staining for mineral showed significantly lower mineralization in XLH cell-seeded scaffolds, using nonparametric statistical tests. While apatitic mineralization was observed along collagen fibrils by electron microscopy in both groups, Raman microspectrometry indicated that XLH cells harboring the PHEX mutation produced less mineralized scaffolds having impaired mineral quality with less carbonate substitution and lower crystallinity. In the XLH cultures, immunoblotting revealed more abundant osteopontin (OPN), dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1), and matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) than controls, as well as the presence of fragments of these proteins not found in controls, suggesting a role for PHEX in SIBLING protein degradation. Immunohistochemistry revealed altered OPN and DMP1 associated with an increased alkaline phosphatase staining in the XLH cultures. These results are consistent with impaired PHEX activity having local ECM effects in XLH. Future treatments for XLH should target both systemic and local manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R Coyac
- 1 EA 2496 Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental School University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, and Life imaging Platform (PIV), Montrouge, France.,2 Department of Periodontology, U.F.R. of Odontology, Rothschild Hospital, AP-HP, Paris Diderot University, Paris, France.,3 Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Biomedical Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - B Hoac
- 3 Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Biomedical Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - P Chafey
- 4 INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin and Proteomic core facility of University Paris Descartes (3P5) Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - G Falgayrac
- 5 Lille University, University of Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4490-PMOI-Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bone Diseases, Lille, France
| | - L Slimani
- 1 EA 2496 Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental School University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, and Life imaging Platform (PIV), Montrouge, France
| | - P S Rowe
- 6 The Kidney Institute, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - G Penel
- 5 Lille University, University of Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 4490-PMOI-Pathophysiology of Inflammatory Bone Diseases, Lille, France
| | - A Linglart
- 7 APHP, Reference Center for Rare Disorders of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, Plateforme of Expertise Paris Sud for Rare Disesdes, filière OSCAR, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,8 INSERM U1169, University Paris Sud Paris-Saclay, Paris, France
| | - M D McKee
- 3 Faculty of Dentistry, Division of Biomedical Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.,9 Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - C Chaussain
- 1 EA 2496 Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental School University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, and Life imaging Platform (PIV), Montrouge, France.,7 APHP, Reference Center for Rare Disorders of Calcium and Phosphate Metabolism, Plateforme of Expertise Paris Sud for Rare Disesdes, filière OSCAR, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France.,10 Department of Odontology, Bretonneau Hospital PNVS, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - C Bardet
- 1 EA 2496 Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental School University Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité, and Life imaging Platform (PIV), Montrouge, France
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Kuzynski M, Goss M, Bottini M, Yadav MC, Mobley C, Winters T, Poliard A, Kellermann O, Lee B, Millan JL, Napierala D. Dual role of the Trps1 transcription factor in dentin mineralization. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:27481-93. [PMID: 25128529 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.550129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
TRPS1 (tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome) is a unique GATA-type transcription factor that acts as a transcriptional repressor. TRPS1 deficiency and dysregulated TRPS1 expression result in skeletal and dental abnormalities implicating TRPS1 in endochondral bone formation and tooth development. Moreover, patients with tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome frequently present with low bone mass indicating TRPS1 involvement in bone homeostasis. In addition, our previous data demonstrated accelerated mineralization of the perichondrium in Trps1 mutant mice and impaired dentin mineralization in Col1a1-Trps1 transgenic mice, implicating Trps1 in the mineralization process. To understand the role of Trps1 in the differentiation and function of cells producing mineralized matrix, we used a preodontoblastic cell line as a model of dentin mineralization. We generated both Trps1-deficient and Trps1-overexpressing stable cell lines and analyzed the progression of mineralization by alkaline phosphatase and alizarin red staining. As predicted, based on our previous in vivo data, delayed and decreased mineralization of Trps1-overexpressing odontoblastic cells was observed when compared with control cells. This was associated with down-regulation of genes regulating phosphate homeostasis. Interestingly, Trps1-deficient cells lost the ability to mineralize and demonstrated decreased expression of several genes critical for initiating the mineralization process, including Alpl and Phospho1. Based on these data, we have concluded that Trps1 serves two critical and context-dependent functions in odontoblast-regulated mineralization as follows: 1) Trps1 is required for odontoblast maturation by supporting expression of genes crucial for initiating the mineralization process, and 2) Trps1 represses the function of mature cells and, consequently, restricts the extent of extracellular matrix mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kuzynski
- From the Institute of Oral Health Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Morgan Goss
- From the Institute of Oral Health Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Massimo Bottini
- the Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, the Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133Rome, Italy
| | - Manisha C Yadav
- the Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Callie Mobley
- From the Institute of Oral Health Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Tony Winters
- From the Institute of Oral Health Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Anne Poliard
- the EA2496 UFR d'Odontologie, Université Paris Descartes, 92120 Montrouge, France
| | - Odile Kellermann
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Université René Descartes Paris 5, Centre Universitaire des Saints-Pères, 75270 Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Brendan Lee
- the Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Houston, Texas 77030
| | - Jose Luis Millan
- the Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Dobrawa Napierala
- From the Institute of Oral Health Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294,
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Dentin matrix protein 1 and phosphate homeostasis are critical for postnatal pulp, dentin and enamel formation. Int J Oral Sci 2012; 4:189-95. [PMID: 23258378 PMCID: PMC3633060 DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2012.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Deletion or mutation of dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) leads to hypophosphatemic rickets and defects within the dentin. However, it is largely unknown if this pathological change is a direct role of DMP1 or an indirect role of phosphate (Pi) or both. It has also been previously shown that Klotho-deficient mice, which displayed a high Pi level due to a failure of Pi excretion, causes mild defects in the dentinal structure. This study was to address the distinct roles of DMP1 and Pi homeostasis in cell differentiation, apoptosis and mineralization of dentin and enamel. Our working hypothesis was that a stable Pi homeostasis is critical for postnatal tooth formation, and that DMP1 has an antiapoptotic role in both amelogenesis and dentinogenesis. To test this hypothesis, Dmp1-null (Dmp1(-/-)), Klotho-deficient (kl/kl), Dmp1/Klotho-double-deficient (Dmp1(-/-)/kl/kl) and wild-type (WT) mice were killed at the age of 6 weeks. Combinations of X-ray, microcomputed tomography (μCT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), histology, apoptosis and immunohistochemical methods were used for characterization of dentin, enamel and pulp structures in these mutant mice. Our results showed that Dmp1(-/-) (a low Pi level) or kl/kl (a high Pi level) mice displayed mild dentin defects such as thin dentin and a reduction of dentin tubules. Neither deficient mouse line exhibited any apparent changes in enamel or pulp structure. However, the double-deficient mice (a high Pi level) displayed severe defects in dentin and enamel structures, including loss of dentinal tubules and enamel prisms, as well as unexpected ectopic ossification within the pulp root canal. TUNEL assay showed a sharp increase in apoptotic cells in ameloblasts and odontoblasts. Based on the above findings, we conclude that DMP1 has a protective role for odontoblasts and ameloblasts in a pro-apoptotic environment (a high Pi level).
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Syed FA, Hoey KA. Integrative physiology of the aging bone: insights from animal and cellular models. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2010; 1211:95-106. [PMID: 21062298 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2010.05813.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Age-related bone loss is a common worldwide phenomenon in the aging population, placing them at an increased risk of fractures. Fortunately, basic and translational studies have been pivotal in providing us with a mechanistic understanding of the cellular and molecular pathophysiology of this condition. This review focuses on the current concepts and paradigms of age-related bone loss and how various animal and cellular models have broadened our understanding in this fascinating but complex area. Changes in hormonal, neuronal, and biochemical cues with age and their effect on bone have been discussed. This review also outlines recent studies on the relationship between bone and fat in the marrow, as well as the fate of the marrow mesenchymal stromal cell population, which can give rise to either bone-forming osteoblasts or fat-forming adipocytic cells as a function of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan A Syed
- Abbott Bioresearch Center, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
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Chu EY, Fong H, Blethen FA, Tompkins KA, Foster BL, Yeh KD, Nagatomo KJ, Matsa-Dunn D, Sitara D, Lanske B, Rutherford RB, Somerman MJ. Ablation of systemic phosphate-regulating gene fibroblast growth factor 23 (Fgf23) compromises the dentoalveolar complex. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2010; 293:1214-26. [PMID: 20583265 DOI: 10.1002/ar.21152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) is a hormone that modulates circulating phosphate (P(i)) levels by controlling P(i) reabsorption from the kidneys. When FGF23 levels are deficient, as in tumoral calcinosis patients, hyperphosphatemia ensues. We show here in a murine model that Fgf23 ablation disrupted morphology and protein expression within the dentoalveolar complex. Ectopic matrix formation in pulp chambers, odontoblast layer disruption, narrowing of periodontal ligament space, and alteration of cementum structure were observed in histological and electron microscopy sections. Because serum P(i) levels are dramatically elevated in Fgf23(-/-), we assayed for apoptosis and expression of members from the small integrin-binding ligand, N-linked glycoprotein (SIBLING) family, both of which are sensitive to elevated P(i) in vitro. Unlike X-linked hypophosphatemic (Hyp) and wild-type (WT) specimens, numerous apoptotic osteocytes and osteoblasts were detected in Fgf23(-/-) specimens. Further, in comparison to Hyp and WT samples, decreased bone sialoprotein and elevated dentin matrix protein-1 protein levels were observed in cementum of Fgf23(-/-) mice. Additional dentin-associated proteins, such as dentin sialoprotein and dentin phosphoprotein, exhibited altered localization in both Fgf23(-/-) and Hyp samples. Based on these results, we propose that FGF23 and (P(i)) homeostasis play a significant role in maintenance of the dentoalveolar complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Chu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Ubaidus S, Li M, Sultana S, de Freitas PHL, Oda K, Maeda T, Takagi R, Amizuka N. FGF23 is mainly synthesized by osteocytes in the regularly distributed osteocytic lacunar canalicular system established after physiological bone remodeling. JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 2009; 58:381-392. [PMID: 19549991 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfp032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate whether the immunolocalization of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 23 and dentin matrix protein 1 (DMP1) is associated with the spatial regularity of the osteocyte lacunar canalicular system(s) (OLCS). Femora of 12-weeks-old male ICR mice were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, decalcified with a 10% EDTA solution and then embedded in paraffin. We have devised a triple staining procedure that combines silver impregnation, alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) immunohistochemistry and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAPase) enzyme histochemistry on a single paraffin section. This procedure permitted the visualization of ALPase-positive plump osteoblasts and several TRAPase-positive osteoclasts on those bone matrices featuring irregularly arranged OLCS, and of ALPase-positive bone lining cells on the bone matrix displaying the well-arranged OLCS. As observations proceeded from the metaphysis toward the diaphysis, the endosteal cortical bone displayed narrower bands of calcein labeling, accompanied by increased regularity of the OLCS. This implies that the speed of bone deposition during bone remodeling would affect the regularity of the OLCS. While DMP1 was evenly localized in all regions of the cortical bones, FGF23 was more abundantly localized in osteocytes of cortical bones with regularly arranged OLCS. In cortical bones, the endosteal area featuring regular OLCS exhibited more intense FGF23 immunoreaction when compared to the periosteal region, which tended to display irregular OLCS. In summary, FGF23 appears to be synthesized principally by osteocytes in the regularly distributed OLCS that have been established after bone remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobhan Ubaidus
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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Foster BL, Tompkins KA, Rutherford RB, Zhang H, Chu EY, Fong H, Somerman MJ. Phosphate: known and potential roles during development and regeneration of teeth and supporting structures. BIRTH DEFECTS RESEARCH. PART C, EMBRYO TODAY : REVIEWS 2008; 84:281-314. [PMID: 19067423 PMCID: PMC4526155 DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.20136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Inorganic phosphate (P(i)) is abundant in cells and tissues as an important component of nucleic acids and phospholipids, a source of high-energy bonds in nucleoside triphosphates, a substrate for kinases and phosphatases, and a regulator of intracellular signaling. The majority of the body's P(i) exists in the mineralized matrix of bones and teeth. Systemic P(i) metabolism is regulated by a cast of hormones, phosphatonins, and other factors via the bone-kidney-intestine axis. Mineralization in bones and teeth is in turn affected by homeostasis of P(i) and inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), with further regulation of the P(i)/PP(i) ratio by cellular enzymes and transporters. Much has been learned by analyzing the molecular basis for changes in mineralized tissue development in mutant and knock-out mice with altered P(i) metabolism. This review focuses on factors regulating systemic and local P(i) homeostasis and their known and putative effects on the hard tissues of the oral cavity. By understanding the role of P(i) metabolism in the development and maintenance of the oral mineralized tissues, it will be possible to develop improved regenerative approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L Foster
- Department of Periodontics, University of Washington School of Dentistry, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Role of the Klotho Gene in Bone and Mineral Metabolism. Clin Rev Bone Miner Metab 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s12018-008-9016-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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