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Dong N, Gu H, Liu D, Wei X, Ma W, Ma L, Liu Y, Wang Y, Jia S, Huang J, Wang C, He X, Huang T, He Y, Zhang Q, An D, Bai Y, Yuan Z. Complement factors and alpha-fetoprotein as biomarkers for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1478:75-91. [PMID: 32761624 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are serious congenital malformations. In this study, we aimed to identify more specific and sensitive maternal serum biomarkers for noninvasive NTD screenings. We collected serum from 37 pregnant women carrying fetuses with NTDs and 38 pregnant women carrying normal fetuses. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation were conducted for differential proteomic analysis, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to validate the results. We then used a support vector machine (SVM) classifier to establish a disease prediction model for NTD diagnosis. We identified 113 differentially expressed proteins; of these, 23 were either up- or downregulated 1.5-fold or more, including five complement proteins (C1QA, C1S, C1R, C9, and C3); C3 and C9 were downregulated significantly in NTD groups. The accuracy rate of the SVM model of the complement factors (including C1QA, C1S, and C3) was 62.5%, with 60% sensitivity and 67% specificity, while the accuracy rate of the SVM model of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP, an established biomarker for NTDs) was 62.5%, with 75% sensitivity and 50% specificity. Combination of the complement factor and AFP data resulted in the SVM model accuracy of 75%, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed 75% sensitivity and 75% specificity. These data suggest that a disease prediction model based on combined complement factor and AFP data could serve as a more accurate method of noninvasive prenatal NTD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naixuan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,School of Sino-Dutch Biomedical & Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yusi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanfu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jieting Huang
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuan He
- School of Sino-Dutch Biomedical & Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianchu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiwen He
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Second Respiratory Department, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dong An
- Pediatric Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuzuo Bai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhengwei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Figueiredo JC, Ly S, Magee KS, Ihenacho U, Baurley JW, Sanchez-Lara PA, Brindopke F, Nguyen THD, Nguyen V, Tangco MI, Giron M, Abrahams T, Jang G, Vu A, Zolfaghari E, Yao CA, Foong A, DeClerk YA, Samet JM, Magee W. Parental risk factors for oral clefts among Central Africans, Southeast Asians, and Central Americans. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 103:863-79. [PMID: 26466527 PMCID: PMC5049483 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background Several lifestyle and environmental exposures have been suspected as risk factors for oral clefts, although few have been convincingly demonstrated. Studies across global diverse populations could offer additional insight given varying types and levels of exposures. Methods We performed an international case–control study in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (133 cases, 301 controls), Vietnam (75 cases, 158 controls), the Philippines (102 cases, 152 controls), and Honduras (120 cases, 143 controls). Mothers were recruited from hospitals and their exposures were collected from interviewer‐administered questionnaires. We used logistic regression modeling to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Family history of clefts was strongly associated with increased risk (maternal: OR = 4.7; 95% CI, 3.0–7.2; paternal: OR = 10.5; 95% CI, 5.9–18.8; siblings: OR = 5.3; 95% CI, 1.4–19.9). Advanced maternal age (5 year OR = 1.2; 95% CI, 1.0–1.3), pregestational hypertension (OR = 2.6; 95% CI, 1.3–5.1), and gestational seizures (OR = 2.9; 95% CI, 1.1–7.4) were statistically significant risk factors. Lower maternal (secondary school OR = 1.6; 95% CI, 1.2–2.2; primary school OR = 2.4, 95% CI, 1.6–2.8) and paternal education (OR = 1.9; 95% CI, 1.4–2.5; and OR = 1.8; 95% CI, 1.1–2.9, respectively) and paternal tobacco smoking (OR = 1.5, 95% CI, 1.1–1.9) were associated with an increased risk. No other significant associations between maternal and paternal factors were found; some environmental factors including rural residency, indoor cooking with wood, chemicals and water source appeared to be associated with an increased risk in adjusted models. Conclusion Our study represents one of the first international studies investigating risk factors for clefts among multiethnic underserved populations. Our findings suggest a multifactorial etiology including both maternal and paternal factors. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:863–879, 2015. © 2015 The Authors Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane C Figueiredo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stephanie Ly
- Division of Plastic & Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.,Department of Community Health Sciences and California Center for Population Research, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Ugonna Ihenacho
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - James W Baurley
- BioRealm LLC, Los Angeles, California.,Bioinformatics and Data Science Research Center, Bina Nusantara University, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Pedro A Sanchez-Lara
- Departments of Pediatrics and Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Frederick Brindopke
- Division of Plastic & Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | - Maria Irene Tangco
- Operation Smile Philippines, Manila, Philippines.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Santo Tomas, Manila, Philippines
| | | | | | - Grace Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Annie Vu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Emily Zolfaghari
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Caroline A Yao
- Division of Plastic & Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Athena Foong
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yves A DeClerk
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California and Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jonathan M Samet
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - William Magee
- Division of Plastic & Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Denny KJ, Jeanes A, Fathe K, Finnell RH, Taylor SM, Woodruff TM. Neural tube defects, folate, and immune modulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 97:602-609. [PMID: 24078477 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Periconceptional supplementation with folic acid has led to a significant worldwide reduction in the incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs). However, despite increasing awareness of the benefits of folic acid supplementation and the implementation of food fortification programs in many countries, NTDs continue to be a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Furthermore, there exists a significant subgroup of women who appear to be resistant to the protective effects of folic acid supplementation. The following review addresses emerging clinical and experimental evidence for a role of the immune system in the etiopathogenesis of NTDs, with the aim of developing novel preventative strategies to further reduce the incidence of NTD-affected pregnancies. In particular, recent studies demonstrating novel roles and interactions between innate immune factors such as the complement cascade, neurulation, and folate metabolism are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerina J Denny
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.,Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Angela Jeanes
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kristin Fathe
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | - Stephen M Taylor
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
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Diverse ability of maternal immune stimulation to reduce birth defects in mice exposed to teratogens: a review. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2011; 3:132-9. [DOI: 10.1017/s204017441100078x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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5
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Troyano Luque JM, Padilla Pérez AI, Guerra Martín AL, Sánchez Peraza JJ, De La Rosa Rodríguez MA. A case of isolated Tessier 7 cleft in the newborn of a diabetic mother. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2011; 31:343-5. [PMID: 21534763 DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2011.556268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J M Troyano Luque
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Canary Islands University Hospital, Tenerife, Spain
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Savion S, Aroch I, Mammon K, Orenstein H, Fein A, Torchinsky A, Toder V. Effect of maternal immunopotentiation on apoptosis-associated molecules expression in teratogen-treated embryos. Am J Reprod Immunol 2010; 62:400-11. [PMID: 19895375 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2009.00757.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Potentiation of the maternal immune system was shown by us to affect the embryonic response to teratogenic insults. In order to understand better the mechanisms underlying that phenomenon, we explored the effect of maternal immunopotentiation by rat splenocytes on the early stages of the embryonic response to cyclophosphamide (CP). METHOD OF STUDY Immunopotentiated CP-treated embryos were analysed for cell cycle changes by flow cytometry, while cell proliferation and apoptosis were assessed by 5'-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling (TUNEL) respectively. The expression of the p65 subunit of NF-kappaB, IkappaBalpha, Bax, bcl-2 and p53 was assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Exposure to CP resulted in significant growth retardation and in the appearance of cellular damage, a reduction in cell proliferation and the appearance of apoptotic cells, which were all found to be delayed in immunopotentiated embryos. In parallel, CP-treated embryos demonstrated a reduction in the percentage of p65- or IkappaBalpha-positive cells, while the percentage of bcl-2- or p53-positive cells increased initially and decreased later. Those changes were normalized by maternal immunopotentiation when tested at 24 hrs after exposure to the teratogen. CONCLUSION Our data implicate maternal immunopotentiation to protect the embryo against teratogenic insults, possibly through its effect on the expression of p65, bcl-2 or p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoshana Savion
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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Gutierrez JC, Prater MR, Smith BJ, Freeman LE, Mallela MK, Holladay SD. Late-gestation ventricular myocardial reduction in fetuses of hyperglycemic CD1 mice is associated with increased apoptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 86:409-15. [PMID: 19851988 DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.20212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous work in our laboratory showed reduced myocardium and dilated ventricular chambers in gestation day (GD) 17 hearts that were collected from hyperglycemic CD1 mouse dams. Pre-breeding maternal immune stimulation, using Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), diminished the severity of these fetal heart lesions. The following experiments were performed to detect possible changes in fetal heart apoptotic cell death, under hyperglycemic conditions and with or without maternal immune stimulation. METHODS Female CD1 mice were injected with 200 mg/kg of streptozocin (STZ) to induce insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Half of these mice received prior FCA injection. Fetal hearts were collected on GD 17 and myocardial apoptotic cells were quantified using flow cytometry. A panel of apoptosis regulatory genes (Bcl2, p53, Casp3, Casp9, PkCe) was then examined in the fetal myocardium using RT-PCR. RESULTS Early apoptotic cells and late apoptotic/necrotic cells were significantly increased in fetal hearts from STZ or STZ+FCA dams. Pre-treatment with FCA reduced late apoptotic/necrotic cells to control level, suggesting some cell death protection was rendered by FCA. Paradoxically in the face of such increased cell death, the expression of pro-apoptotic genes Casp3 and Casp9 was decreased by diabetes, while the anti-apoptotic gene Bcl2 was increased. CONCLUSIONS Maternal hyperglycemia causes dys-regulated apoptosis of fetal myocardial cells. Such effect may be prevented by maternal immune stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Claudio Gutierrez
- Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Casilla, Chile.
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Abstract
Diabetes in pregnancy is associated with increased foetal morbidity and mortality. This article describes and reviews specific features of the placenta and the foetal anomalies seen in association with diabetes and briefly considers potential underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret J Evans
- Correspondence to: Dr Margaret J Evans Department of Pathology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, 51 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh, EH16 4SA, UK,
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