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Sharafeldin MA, Suef RA, Mousa AA, Ziadah DH, Farag MMS. Serum interleukin-10 and alpha-fetoprotein: A combined diagnostic approach for hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptians with HCV. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 258:155327. [PMID: 38692084 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2024.155327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Although alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) has been used for 60+ years as an HCC diagnostic serum marker, its accuracy is debated. Notably, the role of interleukin 10 (IL-10) in cancer development and metastasis is elevated in various tumor types, including HCC and chronic HCV infection. Our study aimed to investigate the diagnostic performance of IL-10 and AFP as biomarkers for HCV-induced HCC in an Egyptian population. METHODS Eighty participants were recruited and categorized into three groups: HCV-related HCC (n=40), HCV-related cirrhosis (n=40), and control (n=20).The collected blood samples were analyzed to evaluate liver function, AFP levels, and IL-10 levels. RESULTS Our analysis showed that AFP demonstrated low sensitivity (40% false-negative) and low specificity (33% false-positive).IL-10 levels were significantly higher (P < 0.001) in patients with HCC than in the cirrhosis and control groups. The serum AFP and IL-10 combination revealed significantly increased sensitivity (97.5%), diagnostic accuracy (71.1%), AUC (0.798), PPV (73.3%), and NPV ( 69.5%) when compared with either of them alone. CONCLUSION the reliability of AFP as a major HCC marker was poor. However, IL-10 levels are a novel biomarker for the degree of HCC inflammation, considering IL-10's potential role in HCV-HCC development. We suggest combining AFP with IL-10 to improve the diagnostic and prognostic value of HCC considerably. Future research on these biomarkers should prioritize their clinical validity, prognostic usefulness, and compatibility with other therapeutic approaches as immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa A Sharafeldin
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Reda A Suef
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Adel A Mousa
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Dina H Ziadah
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M S Farag
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt; Biomedical Research Department, Armed Forces College of Medicine (AFCM), Cairo, Egypt; The Regional Centre for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Lu Y, Lin B, Li M. The role of alpha-fetoprotein in the tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1363695. [PMID: 38660138 PMCID: PMC11039944 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1363695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a prevalent malignant cancer worldwide, characterized by high morbidity and mortality rates. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a glycoprotein synthesized by the liver and yolk sac during fetal development. However, the serum levels of AFP exhibit a significant correlation with the onset and progression of HCC in adults. Extensive research has demonstrated that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in the malignant transformation of HCC, and AFP is a key factor in the TME, promoting HCC development. The objective of this review was to analyze the existing knowledge regarding the role of AFP in the TME. Specifically, this review focused on the effect of AFP on various cells in the TME, tumor immune evasion, and clinical application of AFP in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC. These findings offer valuable insights into the clinical treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lu
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Bo Lin
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Mengsen Li
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Intervention, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China
- Institution of Tumor, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China
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de Morais R, Sousa AJDO, da Costa de Almeida NN, Ohashi OM, Santos SDSD, Monteiro BM, Rolim Filho ST, King WA, Miranda MDS. Do the blood anti-Müllerian hormone concentrations in young females correlate with the ovarian follicular population later in life in water buffalo? Reprod Domest Anim 2024; 59:e14564. [PMID: 38634152 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
In this longitudinal study, the anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels in blood were determined in 32 Murrah buffalo females at 8, 10, 12, 16 and 19 months of age when females were synchronized and the antral follicular population (AFP) was estimated. Correlations of AFP to the AMH level at 19 months of age and retrospectively to younger ages were investigated. Then females were split into high and low AFP, and their AMH levels were compared for all ages and tested as predictors of AFP categories. The highest AMH level (p < .05) was detected at 8 months, reducing but not differing (p > .05) at 10, 12 and 16 months then reducing again (p < .05) at 19 months of age. The mean AFP was 17.6 ± 6.3 follicles, and it was positively correlated with AMH in all ages tested. High AFP females had approximately two times more antral follicles than low AFP (p < .05) and their AMH levels were higher (p < .01) than in low AFP ones in all ages. Only at 8 months, AMH levels can be used to precociously detect high AFP heifers (a cut-off point of 464.7 pg/mL; p < .05), while low AFP heifers could be detected by AMH measurements at 8, 10, 12 and 16 months of age (p < .05). We conclude that AMH of buffalo calves correlates with AFP of heifers later in life and depending on the age, its levels could be used to identify future females with low or high AFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo de Morais
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Pará, Castanhal, Brazil
| | | | | | - Otávio Mitio Ohashi
- Institute of Biological Sciences of the Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno Moura Monteiro
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Belém, Brazil
| | | | | | - Moysés Dos Santos Miranda
- Institute of Biological Sciences of the Federal University of Pará, Belém, Brazil
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, Brazil
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Deng Q, Zhang X, Wan X, Zheng X, Wang H, Zhao J, Wang HQ, Yang W. The chemokine CCL20 can assist AFP in serological diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26774. [PMID: 38439882 PMCID: PMC10909724 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The chemokine 20 (CCL20) is a member of the CC chemokine family and plays a role in tumor immunity and autoimmune disease. This work investigated the value of CCL20 as a serum diagnostic marker for primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Based on the data of hepatocellular carcinoma patients in the TCGA database, the up-regulated genes encoding secretory proteins were analyzed in each pathological stage, and the candidate marker CCL20 gene was selected. Serum concentrations of CCL20 in patients with primary HCC, benign liver disease, and healthy subjects were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ROC curve evaluated the efficacy of CCL20 alone or in combination with AFP in the diagnosis of HCC. It was found the expression of CCL20 in HCC patients was significantly higher than that in the benign liver disease group and healthy controls (P < 0.05); The AUC of ROC curve to distinguish HCC patients from healthy controls was 0.859, the sensitivity was 73.42%, and the specificity was 86.84%. After combination with AFP, the AUC increased to 0.968, the sensitivity was 88.16%, and the specificity was 97.37%. Although CCL20 was increased in the serum of patients with benign liver diseases, combined with AFP, the AUC to distinguish HCC patients from non-HCC cohorts (benign liver disease group and healthy control group) was 0.902, with a sensitivity of 91.67% and a specificity of 75.26%. Collectively, serum CCL20 is closely related to the occurrence of HCC, and detection of serum CCL20 can assist AFP in improving the diagnostic sensitivity of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingmei Deng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Medical Pathology Center, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Xinhui Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Medical Pathology Center, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Medical Pathology Center, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Hongzhi Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Medical Pathology Center, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Jingyu Zhao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Medical Pathology Center, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China
| | - Hong-Qiang Wang
- Biological Molecular Information System Laboratory, Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
| | - Wulin Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- Medical Pathology Center, Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
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Leng G, Gong H, Liu G, Kong Y, Guo L, Zhang Y. Alpha-fetoprotein upregulates hepatocellular carcinoma cell-intrinsic PD-1 expression through the LATS2/YAP/TEAD1 pathway. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2024; 1868:130592. [PMID: 38395204 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2024.130592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell-intrinsic programmed death 1 (PD-1) promotes tumor progression. However, the mechanisms that regulate its expression are unclear. This study investigated the impact of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) on HCC cell-intrinsic PD-1 expression. METHODS The expression of PD-1 and AFP at the gene and protein levels was detected using real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting (WB). Proteins interacting with AFP were examined by co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual luciferase reporter assays were used to identify transcription-enhanced association domain 1 (TEAD1) binding to the promoter of PD-1. RESULTS The expression of HCC cell-intrinsic PD-1 was positively correlated with AFP. Mechanistically, AFP inhibited the phosphorylation of large tumor suppressor 2 (LATS2) and yes-associated protein (YAP). As a result, YAP is transferred to the nucleus and forms a transcriptional complex with TEAD1, promoting PD-1 transcription by binding to its promoter. CONCLUSION AFP is an upstream regulator of the HCC cell-intrinsic PD-1 and increases PD-1 expression via the LATS2/YAP/TEAD1 axis. GENERAL Our findings provide insight into the mechanisms of HCC development and offer new ideas for further in-depth studies of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangxian Leng
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Hongxia Gong
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and Study on Prevention and Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Gansu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Guiyuan Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China; People's Hospital affiliated with Chongqing Three Gorges Medical Higher Specialized School, Chongqing 404100, China
| | - Yin Kong
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China; Department of Hepatology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Liuqing Guo
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Youcheng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou 730030, Gansu Province, China.
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Carr BI, Bag H, Ince V, Isik B, Baskiran A, Yilmaz S. Transplant and non-transplant HCC patients at a single institution. Hepatol Forum 2024; 5:77-86. [PMID: 38487742 PMCID: PMC10936116 DOI: 10.14744/hf.2023.2023.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aim Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are managed in various hospital departments, which complicates the assessment of the overall picture. In our large liver transplant institute, we evaluate all HCC patients in a weekly multi-disciplinary liver tumor board, and their data are prospectively collected in an institutional HCC database to evaluate HCC causes, tumor features, treatments, and survival. Materials and Methods Baseline data for patients (n=1322) were prospectively recorded, including hepatitis status, routine clinical serum parameters, radiological assessment of maximum tumor diameter (MTD), tumor number, presence of macroscopic portal vein thrombosis (PVT), and serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels. Results Cirrhosis was found in 81.1% of patients; 58.5% had hepatitis B virus (HBV), 14.9% hepatitis C virus (HCV), 8.9% cryptogenic cirrhosis, and less than 2% had alcoholism. MTD was <5 cm in 61.95% of patients, and 31.9% had PVT. The median overall survival was more than six-fold greater for the 444 liver transplant patients than for those without surgery. Transplanted patients had smaller tumors, whereas larger tumors (MTD >10 cm) were primarily in the no-surgery group. Parallel differences were found for AFP levels (highest in the no-surgery group). PVT was present in similar proportions (25.0% for transplant, 28.0% for no-surgery). The presence of cirrhosis was higher in the transplant group. MTD and levels of serum AFP, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and blood platelets were prognostic parameters for transplant. Furthermore, AFP and GGT levels were prognostic for transplanted PVT patients. Only albumin was prognostic in the no-surgery patients. Conclusion Transplanted HCC patients have longer survival, smaller tumors, and more severe liver damage than no-surgery patients. Prognostic subsets were identified within the surgery and the PVT groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian I. Carr
- Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkiye
| | - Harika Bag
- Department of Biostatistics, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkiye
| | - Volkan Ince
- Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkiye
- Department of Surgery, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkiye
| | - Burak Isik
- Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkiye
- Department of Surgery, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkiye
| | - Adil Baskiran
- Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkiye
- Department of Surgery, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkiye
| | - Sezai Yilmaz
- Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkiye
- Department of Surgery, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkiye
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Olbrich A, Niemeyer J, Seiffert H, Ebel S, Gros O, Lordick F, Forstmeyer D, Seehofer D, Rademacher S, Denecke T, Matz-Soja M, Berg T, van Bömmel F. The GALAD score and the BALAD-2 score correlate with transarterial and systemic treatment response and survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:81. [PMID: 38319485 PMCID: PMC10847183 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05526-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The GALAD score and the BALAD-2 score are biomarker-based scoring systems used to detect hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Both incorporate levels of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), lens culinaris agglutinin-reactive AFP (AFP-L3), and des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP). Our objective was to examine the relationship between the GALAD score as well as the BALAD-2 score and treatment response to transarterial or systemic treatments in patients with HCC. METHODS A total of 220 patients with HCC treated with either transarterial (n = 121) or systemic treatments (n = 99; mainly Sorafenib) were retrospectively analyzed. The GALAD score and the BALAD-2 score were calculated based on AFP-L3, AFP, and DCP levels measured in serum samples collected before treatment. The results were correlated with 3-month treatment efficacy based on radiologic mRECIST criteria. RESULTS The GALAD score showed a strong correlation with BCLC stage (p < 0.001) and total tumor diameter before treatment (p < 0.001).The GALAD score at baseline was significantly lower in patients with a 3-month response to transarterial (p > 0.001) than in refractory patients. Among patients receiving systemic treatment, the median BALAD-2 score at baseline showed a strong association with response at month 3 (p < 0.001). In the transarterial treatment group, the GALAD score (AUC = 0.715; p < 0.001) as well as the BALAD score (AUC = 0.696; p < 0.001) were associated with overall survival, hereby outperforming AFP, AFP-L3 and DCP. CONCLUSION The GALAD score as well as the BALAD-2 score hold significant promise as a prognostic tool for patients with early or intermediate-stage HCC who are undergoing transarterial or systemic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Olbrich
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Hepatology (LCEHep), Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Johannes Niemeyer
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Hepatology (LCEHep), Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hendrik Seiffert
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Hepatology (LCEHep), Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Ebel
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- University Liver Tumor Center (ULTC), Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Olga Gros
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Helios Clinic Köthen, Köthen, Germany
| | - Florian Lordick
- University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL) and Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Forstmeyer
- University Cancer Center Leipzig (UCCL) and Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Daniel Seehofer
- Department of Visceral, Vascular, Thoracic and Transplant Surgery, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- University Liver Tumor Center (ULTC), Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Rademacher
- Department of Visceral, Vascular, Thoracic and Transplant Surgery, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- University Liver Tumor Center (ULTC), Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Timm Denecke
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- University Liver Tumor Center (ULTC), Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Madlen Matz-Soja
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Hepatology (LCEHep), Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Rudolf-Schönheimer-Institute for Biochemistry, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Berg
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Hepatology (LCEHep), Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- University Liver Tumor Center (ULTC), Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian van Bömmel
- Laboratory for Clinical and Experimental Hepatology (LCEHep), Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
- University Liver Tumor Center (ULTC), Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Medicine II, Leipzig University Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany.
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Maxwell R, Häberle B, Kappler R, von Schweinitz D, Rassner M, von Frowein J, Schmid I. Hepatoblastoma Relapse-Findings from the German HB99 Trial and the German Liver Tumor Registry. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:696. [PMID: 38398087 PMCID: PMC10886809 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Survival rates for HB patients have improved; however, outcomes for patients who relapse remain poor. A retrospective review of information gathered for the HB99 study and the German Liver Tumor Registry identified 25 relapse patients (6.9%, 25/362). The median time from initial diagnosis to first relapse was 13 months (range: 5-66 months). Two patients relapsed >36 months after initial diagnosis. A total of 68% (17/25) of relapses were metastatic, 24% local, and 8% combined. 67% of local relapses were alive at the last follow-up, in contrast to 53% of metastatic and 0% of combined relapses. At the last follow-up, 73% (8/11) of patients with lung relapses were still alive (0/4 with peritoneal, 1/2 with CNS involvement). A total of 20% of the patients had AFP-negative relapses, 64% of the relapse patients achieved a second complete remission, 69% were still in complete second remission at the last follow-up (median FU of 66 months), and 83% (5/6) of irinotecan-naïve patients who received relapse treatment including irinotecan were in second complete remission at the last follow-up. The 3-year overall survival/event-free survival from relapse was 63%/48% respectively. There is a good chance that HB patients will achieve a second remission despite a first relapse. However, patients who suffer further relapses tend to have a poorer prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Maxwell
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337 Munich, Germany; (R.M.); (M.R.); (J.v.F.)
| | - Beate Häberle
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany; (B.H.); (R.K.); (D.v.S.)
| | - Roland Kappler
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany; (B.H.); (R.K.); (D.v.S.)
| | - Dietrich von Schweinitz
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80337 Munich, Germany; (B.H.); (R.K.); (D.v.S.)
| | - Mark Rassner
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337 Munich, Germany; (R.M.); (M.R.); (J.v.F.)
| | - Julia von Frowein
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337 Munich, Germany; (R.M.); (M.R.); (J.v.F.)
| | - Irene Schmid
- Department of Pediatrics, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Lindwurmstraße 4, 80337 Munich, Germany; (R.M.); (M.R.); (J.v.F.)
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Syriha A, Pantzios S, Mandilara D, Galanis P, Stathopoulou I, Barla G, Elefsiniotis I. Diagnostic accuracy of serum protein induced by vitamin K absence (PIVKA-II), serum a-fetoprotein and their combination for hepatocellular carcinoma among Caucasian cirrhotic patients with diagnostic or non-diagnostic serum a-fetoprotein levels. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e6825. [PMID: 38361401 PMCID: PMC10904976 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM The aim of our study was to evaluate the accuracy of serum biomarkers (AFP/PIVKA-II) and their combination in HCC diagnosis among Caucasian cirrhotic patients. METHODS Serum AFP/PIVKA-II levels were evaluated in 218 cirrhotics (163 males, 118 CTP-A, 66 ALBI-I, 111 with varices, 63 with diabetes) with (n = 90) or without (n = 128) HCC. Patients with HCC were categorized to BCLC Stage 0/A (n = 12), B (n = 21), C (n = 48), and D (n = 9). RESULTS The two groups were comparable for all baseline parameters except for age, platelets, and diabetes presence. Median levels of AFP (239.1 vs. 4.0 ng/mL) and PIVKA-II (4082.7 vs. 45.8 mAU/mL) were both significantly higher in HCC group compared to controls (p < 0.001). AUROC and cutoff value for HCC diagnosis were 88%/12.35 ng/mL (AFP) and 84.4%/677.13 mAU/mL (PIVKA-II), whereas their combination showed better diagnostic accuracy (AUROC = 90.2%). The diagnostic accuracy of each biomarker separately was moderate or good in BCLC-0/A/B and was excellent only for BCLC-C patients (AFP: AUROC = 94.3%, cutoff = 12.35 ng/mL and PIVKA-II: 91.3%, 253.51 mAU/mL) whereas their combination presented quite acceptable results in BCLC-B (AUROC = 92.4%) and BCLC-C (AUROC = 95.7%). Excluding HCC patients with high AFP (above 400 ng/mL), the diagnostic accuracy of each biomarker separately and their combination was moderate/good in all groups, except for their combination in BCLC-C (AUROC = 90.5%). CONCLUSIONS Each biomarker separately showed acceptable accuracy for detecting HCC in cirrhotic patients and excellent for those in BCLC-C stage. The combination of the biomarkers presented excellent results in BCLC-B/C patients. The diagnostic accuracy of PIVKA-II and the combination of the two biomarkers in patients expressing low/non-diagnostic AFP levels was good in BCLC-B and excellent in BCLC-C patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonia Syriha
- Academic Department of Internal Medicine—Hepatogastroenterology Unit, General and Oncology Hospital of Kifisia “Agioi Anargyroi”National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Spyridon Pantzios
- Academic Department of Internal Medicine—Hepatogastroenterology Unit, General and Oncology Hospital of Kifisia “Agioi Anargyroi”National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Dionysia Mandilara
- Academic Department of Internal Medicine—Hepatogastroenterology Unit, General and Oncology Hospital of Kifisia “Agioi Anargyroi”National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Petros Galanis
- Academic Department of Internal Medicine—Hepatogastroenterology Unit, General and Oncology Hospital of Kifisia “Agioi Anargyroi”National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Ioanna Stathopoulou
- Academic Department of Internal Medicine—Hepatogastroenterology Unit, General and Oncology Hospital of Kifisia “Agioi Anargyroi”National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Georgia Barla
- Academic Department of Internal Medicine—Hepatogastroenterology Unit, General and Oncology Hospital of Kifisia “Agioi Anargyroi”National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Ioannis Elefsiniotis
- Academic Department of Internal Medicine—Hepatogastroenterology Unit, General and Oncology Hospital of Kifisia “Agioi Anargyroi”National and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthensGreece
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10
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Chun J, Moore M, Kelly P, Kanzawa M, Itoh T, Hong SM, Zen Y. Enteroblastic cholangiocarcinoma: An uncommon, underrecognized subtype of bile duct cancer. Hum Pathol 2024; 144:46-52. [PMID: 38301963 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Enteroblastic carcinoma is clinically characterized by an elevated serum level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and is histologically characterized by cancer cells with a clear cytoplasm and 'blastic' coarse chromatin. It sometimes has an element of hepatoid carcinoma; therefore, these two neoplasms are often regarded as sister entities. Although hepatoid carcinoma in the biliary tree has been reported, enteroblastic cholangiocarcinoma is extremely uncommon. In the present study, four cases of enteroblastic cholangiocarcinoma were examined. Tumors were located inside the liver (n = 2) or common bile duct (n = 2). The two intrahepatic cases had a history of primary sclerosing cholangitis, and serum AFP levels were elevated in both. One unresectable case was diagnosed by needle liver biopsy, while the remaining three underwent surgical resection. Histologically, all cases showed similar microscopic features. Cuboidal or polygonal cancer cells with the characteristic clear cytoplasm and subnuclear vacuoles were arranged in a papillary, micropapillary, tubular, or solid architecture. One case had an element of pancreatobiliary-type adenocarcinoma, while a hepatoid carcinoma element was not observed in any cases. All cases were positive for AFP, glypican 3, and SALL4, with SALL4 being the most widely expressed. Heppar-1 and arginase-1 were negative, except for one case, which was positive for Heppar-1. In conclusion, enteroblastic cholangiocarcinoma is an uncommon subtype of biliary tract malignancy. These cases may have been categorized as 'clear cell' cholangiocarcinoma. Although enteroblastic cholangiocarcinoma seems to occur more commonly in extrahepatic regions, including the gallbladder, it may also develop in the liver, particularly in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Chun
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK; Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Michelle Moore
- Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK
| | - Paul Kelly
- Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, BT12 6BA, UK
| | - Maki Kanzawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Tomoo Itoh
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Seung-Mo Hong
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoh Zen
- Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, London, SE5 9RS, UK.
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11
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Wang Z, Kong L, Zhang R, Yang X, Cao Z, Xu T, Zhang H, Dou Y. Serum Aldo-Keto Reductase Family 1 Member B10 (AKR1B10) as a Potential Biomarker for Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2024; 11:131-143. [PMID: 38250307 PMCID: PMC10799617 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s443006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the diagnostic performance of aldo-keto reductase family 1 member B10 (AKR1B10) in a Beijing cohort with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods This study included 521 subjects who visited Peking Union Medical College Hospital from June 2017 to May 2023, including 109 cases of HCC, 165 cases of healthy controls, 106 cases of benign liver diseases, and 141 cases of other cancers. Serum AKR1B10 levels were measured and compared across various groups. Diagnostic performances of serum AKR1B10 and other tumor markers were assessed using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves. In addition, a subset of HCC patients who underwent surgical resection were recruited for clinical follow-up study. Results We found that serum AKR1B10 expression was higher in patients with HCC relative to other control groups. The association between serum AKR1B10 and clinical features of HCC was not observed. Serum AKR1B10 showed a high diagnostic performance for HCC, and when combined with AFP, the diagnostic effectiveness was significantly improved. Specifically, serum AKR1B10 showed superior diagnostic effectiveness for AFP-negative HCC. The clinical follow-up study indicated a gradual decrease in serum AKR1B10 after surgery. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that serum AKR1B10 is a promising biomarker for HCC, and when used in combination with AFP can significantly improve the detection rate of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziran Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingjun Kong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaobo Yang
- Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhe Cao
- Hunan Light of Life Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Ningxiang, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tengda Xu
- Department of Health Management, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yaling Dou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Carr B, Guerra V, Ince V, Isik B, Yilmaz S. Alpha-fetoprotein and albumin inversely relate to each other and to tumor parameters in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatol Forum 2024; 5:11-17. [PMID: 38283277 PMCID: PMC10809334 DOI: 10.14744/hf.2023.2023.0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Background and Aim Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), an oncofetal protein and biomarker in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), has unclear roles and actions.To evaluate the relationships between AFP, liver function tests, and HCC aggressiveness. Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis of an HCC patient database was conducted to examine the relationships between baseline serum AFP values, liver function tests, and tumor characteristics. Results Statistically significant positive trends were observed between AFP levels and both AST and bilirubin, along with negative trends between AFP and albumin. Significant correlations were also found between AFP and MTD, multifocality, and PVT. Increases in MTD, multifocality, and PVT were noted even at low AFP levels, indicating both AFP-independent and AFP-dependent processes. However, these parameter changes were minimal compared to the substantial changes in AFP levels. Relationships between AFP-related liver and tumor characteristics were found to be similar but inverse to those for albumin, with normal albumin levels associated with more favorable tumor characteristics. Additionally, serum levels of albumin and AFP were inversely related. Conclusion AFP and albumin levels significantly, but inversely, correlate with tumor parameters, suggesting that albumin may suppress HCC functions and could serve as a potential prognostic marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Carr
- Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkiye
| | - Vito Guerra
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, S. de Bellis Research Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Volkan Ince
- Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkiye
- Department of Surgery, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkiye
| | - Burak Isik
- Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkiye
- Department of Surgery, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkiye
| | - Sezai Yilmaz
- Liver Transplant Institute, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkiye
- Department of Surgery, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkiye
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13
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Christou C, Stylianou A, Gkretsi V. Midkine (MDK) in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: More than a Biomarker. Cells 2024; 13:136. [PMID: 38247828 PMCID: PMC10814326 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Midkine (MDK) is a multifunctional secreted protein that can act as a cytokine or growth factor regulating multiple signaling pathways and being implicated in fundamental cellular processes, such as survival, proliferation, and migration. Although its expression in normal adult tissues is barely detectable, MDK serum levels are found to be elevated in several types of cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this review, we summarize the findings of recent studies on the role of MDK in HCC diagnosis and progression. Overall, studies show that MDK is a powerful biomarker for HCC early diagnosis, as it can differentiate not only between HCC patients and normal individuals but also between HCC patients and patients with other liver pathologies. It is correlated with high recurrence rates and was shown to be valuable for the diagnosis of early-stage HCC, even in patients negative for α-fetoprotein (AFP), the most commonly used biomarker for HCC diagnosis. A comparison with AFP reveals that MDK is inferior to AFP with regard to specificity but significantly superior with regard to sensitivity, which further indicates the need for using both biomarkers for more effective HCC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiana Christou
- Cancer Metastasis and Adhesion Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus;
- European University Cyprus Research Centre Ltd., Nicosia 2404, Cyprus;
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
| | - Andreas Stylianou
- European University Cyprus Research Centre Ltd., Nicosia 2404, Cyprus;
- Cancer Mechanobiology and Applied Biophysics Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
| | - Vasiliki Gkretsi
- Cancer Metastasis and Adhesion Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus;
- European University Cyprus Research Centre Ltd., Nicosia 2404, Cyprus;
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus
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14
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Yilma M, Mehta N. Optimal Liver Transplantation Criteria for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 2024; 33:133-142. [PMID: 37945139 DOI: 10.1016/j.soc.2023.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Liver transplantation continues to be the optimal treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Given the limited organ supply, patient selection for liver transplant must carefully balance tumor progression with risk of recurrence posttransplant. There are several pretransplant selection criteria that incorporate biomarkers as well as imaging modality to risk-stratify patients as we continue to look for the optimal transplant cutoff for patients with HCC, which should be transplant-center specific, and account for organ availability and dynamic response to locoregional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mignote Yilma
- Department of Surgery, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, S-321, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA; National Clinician Scholars Program, University of California San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, S-321, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA. https://twitter.com/mignoteyilmaMD
| | - Neil Mehta
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, Connie Frank Transplant Center, 400 Parnassus Avenue 7th Floor, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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15
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Muraoka M. Measurement of Ice-Binding Protein Inhibition of Non-ice Crystal Growth. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2730:155-167. [PMID: 37943457 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3503-2_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
The kinetic hydrate inhibitor (KHI) was developed to prevent the formation of undesirable gas hydrate crystals in natural gas pipelines. Studies of antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are gaining attention in the natural gas research field due to their performance in crystal growth inhibition, excellent biodegradation, and low toxicity. Studies of AFPs may provide clues for developing future commercial KHIs used offshore. This chapter presents a simple method of evaluating AFP inhibitory performance as a KHI on tetrahydrofuran (THF) hydrate growth with a unidirectional growth apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Muraoka
- Energy Process Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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16
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Keryvin V, Marchandise A. The Non-Linear Elasticity of Unidirectional Continuous Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Composites and of Carbon Fibres. Materials (Basel) 2023; 17:34. [PMID: 38203888 PMCID: PMC10780208 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
A database of non-linear elastic parameters in axial tension and compression is provided for continuous carbon fibre polymer composites and carbon fibres of different stiffnesses. Composite laminates manufactured by conventional or automated processes are tested in bending, and parameters are extracted for strains of less than 0.5%. While fibre composites with fibres of standard and intermediate moduli exhibit a stiffening of ∼15 GPa/% (of strain) and a softening of ∼20 GPa/%, those with high-modulus carbon fibres exhibit much higher values of ∼50 GPa/% for both. This database is useful for designing composite structures in a stiffness-based design and for correlating the processing of carbon fibres with their nanostructure and induced properties. The latter is discussed in terms of reorientation of crystallites of graphene sheets vis-à-vis the carbon fibre axis during loading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Keryvin
- UMR CNRS 6027, IRDL, Université Bretagne Sud, F-56321 Lorient, France
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17
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Kahana-Edwin S, Torpy J, Cain LE, Mullins A, McCowage G, Woodfield SE, Vasudevan SA, Shea DPT, Minoche AE, Espinoza AF, Kummerfeld S, Goldstein LD, Karpelowsky J. Quantitative ctDNA Detection in Hepatoblastoma: Implications for Precision Medicine. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 16:12. [PMID: 38201440 PMCID: PMC10778269 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatoblastoma is characterized by driver mutations in CTNNB1, making it an attractive biomarker for a liquid biopsy approach utilizing circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). This prospective observational study sought to ascertain the feasibility of ctDNA detection in patients with hepatoblastoma and explore its associations with established clinical indicators and biomarkers, including serum Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). We obtained 38 plasma samples and 17 tumor samples from 20 patients with hepatoblastoma. These samples were collected at various stages: 10 at initial diagnosis, 17 during neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 6 post-operatively, and 5 at disease recurrence. Utilizing a bespoke sequencing assay we developed called QUENCH, we identified single nucleotide variants and deletions in CTNNB1 ctDNA. Our study demonstrated the capability to quantitate ctDNA down to a variant allele frequency of 0.3%, achieving a sensitivity of 90% for patients at initial diagnosis, and a specificity of 100% at the patient level. Notably, ctDNA positivity correlated with tumor burden, and ctDNA levels exhibited associations with macroscopic residual disease and treatment response. Our findings provide evidence for the utility of quantitative ctDNA detection in hepatoblastoma management. Given the distinct detection targets, ctDNA and AFP-based stratification and monitoring approaches could synergize to enhance clinical decision-making. Further research is needed to elucidate the interplay between ctDNA and AFP and determine the optimal clinical applications for both methods in risk stratification and residual disease detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smadar Kahana-Edwin
- Children’s Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - James Torpy
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Lucy E. Cain
- Cancer Centre for Children, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Anna Mullins
- Cancer Centre for Children, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Geoffrey McCowage
- Cancer Centre for Children, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Sarah E. Woodfield
- Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Pediatric Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Texas Children’s Surgical Oncology Program, Texas Children’s Liver Tumor Program, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sanjeev A. Vasudevan
- Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Pediatric Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Texas Children’s Surgical Oncology Program, Texas Children’s Liver Tumor Program, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dan P. T. Shea
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Andre E. Minoche
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - Andres F. Espinoza
- Divisions of Pediatric Surgery and Surgical Research, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Pediatric Surgical Oncology Laboratory, Texas Children’s Surgical Oncology Program, Texas Children’s Liver Tumor Program, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sarah Kummerfeld
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Leonard D. Goldstein
- Kinghorn Centre for Clinical Genomics, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia
- St Vincent’s Clinical School, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2217, Australia
| | - Jonathan Karpelowsky
- Children’s Cancer Research Unit, Kids Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Paediatric Oncology and Thoracic Surgery, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, NSW 2145, Australia
- Division of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
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18
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Sun D, Liu X, Bao K, Wu L, Kuang H, Pei H, Chen Q. Nanobody based immunoassay for alpha fetal protein detection using streptavidin-conjugated polymerized horseradish peroxidase for signal amplification. ANAL SCI 2023; 39:2059-2065. [PMID: 37704924 DOI: 10.1007/s44211-023-00423-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) offers several advantages, including simple operation, high throughput, and low cost, making it an ideal immunoassay method for efficient screening of disease-related biomarkers in clinical samples. However, the traditional colorimetric ELISA has relatively low sensitivity, which promotes the continuous emergence of various novel signal amplification technologies. In this work, we fused the AFP-specific nanobody (A1) with the streptavidin-binding peptide (SBP) to develop a fusion protein (A1-SBP) as biorecognition element in a colorimetric ELISA for detecting AFP. Besides, to further improve the sensitivity of the traditional colorimetric ELISA, the streptavidin-conjugated polymerized horseradish peroxidase (SA-PolyHRP) were selected as a detection probe for signal amplification. The proposed signal enhancement strategy demonstrated a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.597 ng/mL for the SA-polyHRP-based ELISA, which is 7.67-fold lower than that of the traditional SA-HRP-based ELISA without additional steps. Furthermore, the proposed SA-polyHRP-based ELISA showed a good correlation with the detection of clinical samples using the Roche E601 chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer. Therefore, the proposed signal enhancement strategy is an attractive approach for improving the sensitivity of immunoassay without requiring additional steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Kunlu Bao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Long Wu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Vegetables Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, School of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, China
| | - Huijuan Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral Diseases, Center for Tissue Engineering, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, 710299, China
| | - Hua Pei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Qi Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Bioengineering Drugs and the Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
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Okanoue T, Yamaguchi K, Shima T, Mitsumoto Y, Katayama T, Okuda K, Mizuno M, Seko Y, Moriguchi M, Itoh Y, Miyazaki T. Artificial intelligence/neural network system that accurately diagnoses hepatocellular carcinoma in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatol Res 2023; 53:1213-1223. [PMID: 37574654 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The aim of this study was to develop a novel noninvasive test using an artificial intelligence/neural network system (called HCC-Scope) to diagnose early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) on the background of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). METHODS In total, 175 patients with histologically proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and 55 patients with NASH-HCC were enrolled for training and validation studies. Of the 55 patients with NASH-HCC, 27 (49.1%) had very early-stage HCC, and six (10.9%) had early-stage HCC based on the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer staging system. Diagnosis with HCC-Scope was performed based on 12 items: age, sex, height, weight, AST level, ALT level, gamma-glutamyl transferase level, cholesterol level, triglyceride level, platelet count, diabetes status, and IgM-free apoptosis inhibitor of macrophage level. The FMVWG2U47 hardware (Fujitsu Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) and the originally developed software were used. RESULTS HCC-Scope had sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 100% for the differential diagnosis between non-HCC and HCC in a training study with gray zone analysis. It was also excellent in the validation study (95.0% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% PPV, and 97.1% NPV with gray zone analysis and 95.2% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 100% PPV, and 97.1% NPV without gray zone analysis). HCC-Scope had a significantly higher sensitivity (85.3%) and specificity (85.1%) than alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, AFP-L3 level, des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) level, and the gender-age-AFP-L3-AFP-DCP (GALAD) score. CONCLUSIONS HCC-Scope can accurately differentially diagnose between non-HCC NASH and NASH-HCC, including very early-stage NASH-HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Okanoue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kanji Yamaguchi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshihide Shima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Mitsumoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Katayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Okuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masayuki Mizuno
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saiseikai Suita Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuya Seko
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Michihisa Moriguchi
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toru Miyazaki
- The Institute for AIM Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- LEAP, Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratoire d'ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, Plateforme GENOMAX, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR_S 1109, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Laboratory of Excellence TRANSPLANTEX, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Qian L, Liang Z, Wang Z, Wang J, Li X, Zhao J, Li Z, Chen L, Liu Y, Ju Y, Li C, Meng S. Cellular gp96 upregulates AFP expression by blocking NR5A2 SUMOylation and ubiquitination in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Mol Cell Biol 2023; 15:mjad027. [PMID: 37204028 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjad027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the most widely used biomarker for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, a substantial proportion of HCC patients have either normal or marginally increased AFP levels in serum, and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In the present study, we provided in vitro and in vivo evidence that heat shock protein gp96 promoted AFP expression at the transcriptional level in HCC. NR5A2 was identified as a key transcription factor for the AFP gene, and its stability was enhanced by gp96. A further mechanistic study by co-immunoprecipitation, GST pull-down, and molecular docking showed gp96 and the SUMO E3 ligase RanBP2 competitively binding to NR5A2 at the sites spanning from aa 507 to aa 539. The binding of gp96 inhibited SUMOylation, ubiquitination, and subsequent degradation of NR5A2. In addition, clinical analysis of HCC patients indicated that gp96 expression in tumors was positively correlated with serum AFP levels. Therefore, our study uncovered a novel mechanism that gp96 regulates the stability of its client proteins by directly affecting their SUMOylation and ubiquitination. These findings will help in designing more accurate AFP-based HCC diagnosis and progression monitoring approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyuan Qian
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhentao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiuru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jingmin Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Hepatology, The Fifth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Zihai Li
- Pelotonia Institute for Immuno-Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center-The James, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Lizhao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yongai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ying Ju
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Changfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Songdong Meng
- Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
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Naganuma H, Ishida H. Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Non-Fibrotic Liver: A Narrative Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3426. [PMID: 37998562 PMCID: PMC10670297 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13223426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a non-fibrotic liver (F0) is considered to be rare, and there is a marked paucity of studies in the literature on this HCC type. A review of the literature shows some important clinical and tumor characteristics: (a) it occurs mainly in young female and elder male patients; (b) clinically, under normal hepatic function, alpha-fetoprotein level is often normal, and there are no risk factors; (c) associated with metabolic disease; (d) macroscopically, single large lesions are noted; and (e) microscopically, the lesions are well-differentiated and encapsulated. Radiological imaging results are straightforward, showing arterial hyperenhancement and later wash-out. The combined use of B-mode and contrast-enhanced (CE) ultrasound (US) is the most reliable and cost-effective diagnostic method. Few peri-and post-operative complications are noted and 5-year survival is not inferior to patients with HCC on fibrosis liver despite the lesion's large size. Most clinicians believe that HCC is unlikely to occur if patients have no symptoms and normal hepatic function. Although detailed clinical data are very limited, we expect that this review will help to improve the clinical management of HCC in non-fibrotic livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Naganuma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yokote Municipal Hospital, Negishi-cho 5-31, Yokote City 013-8602, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ishida
- Department of Gastroenterology, Akita Red Cross Hospital, Kamikitate Saruta aza Naeshirosawa 222-1, Akita City 010-1495, Japan
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Tran VT, Phan TT, Nguyen TB, Le TT, Tran TTT, Nguyen ATT, Nguyen HT, Nguyen NDB, Ho TT, Pho SP, Nguyen TAT, Nguyen HT, Mai HT, Pham BTT, Nguyen KD, Le BT, Nguyen TT, Nguyen ST. The diagnostic performance of AFP and PIVKA-II models for non-B non-C hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:317. [PMID: 37932802 PMCID: PMC10629103 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06600-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to describe the diagnostic performance of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha-fetoprotein L3 isoform (AFP-L3), protein induced by vitamin K absence II (PIVKA-II), and combined biomarkers for non-B non-C hepatocellular carcinoma (NBNC-HCC). RESULTS A total of 681 newly-diagnosed primary liver disease subjects (385 non-HCC, 296 HCC) who tested negativity for the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis C antibody (anti-HCV) enrolled in this study. At the cut-off point of 3.8 ng/mL, AFP helps to discriminate HCC from non-HCC with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.817 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.785-0.849). These values of AFP-L3 (cut-off 0.9%) and PIVKA-II (cut-off 57.7 mAU/mL) were 0.758 (95%CI: 0.725-0.791) and 0.866 (95%CI: 0.836-0.896), respectively. The Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) statistic identified the optimal model, including patients' age, aspartate aminotransferase, AFP, and PIVKA-II combination, which helps to classify HCC with better performance (AUC = 0.896, 95%CI: 0.872-0.920, P < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of the optimal model reached 81.1% (95%CI: 76.1-85.4) and 83.2% (95%CI: 78.9-86.9), respectively. Further analyses indicated that AFP and PIVKA-II markers and combined models have good-to-excellent performance detecting curative resected HCC, separating HCC from chronic hepatitis, dysplastic, and hyperplasia nodules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinh Thanh Tran
- The Laboratory D Unit, Cancer Center, Cho Ray Hospital, #201B Nguyen Chi Thanh Street, Dist. 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thang Thanh Phan
- The Laboratory D Unit, Cancer Center, Cho Ray Hospital, #201B Nguyen Chi Thanh Street, Dist. 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam.
| | - Tran Bao Nguyen
- The Laboratory D Unit, Cancer Center, Cho Ray Hospital, #201B Nguyen Chi Thanh Street, Dist. 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thao Thi Le
- The Laboratory D Unit, Cancer Center, Cho Ray Hospital, #201B Nguyen Chi Thanh Street, Dist. 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thanh-Tram Thi Tran
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cho Ray Hospital, #201B Nguyen Chi Thanh Street, Dist. 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Anh-Thu Thi Nguyen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cho Ray Hospital, #201B Nguyen Chi Thanh Street, Dist. 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Hang Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cho Ray Hospital, #201B Nguyen Chi Thanh Street, Dist. 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc-Diep Bui Nguyen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Cho Ray Hospital, #201B Nguyen Chi Thanh Street, Dist. 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Toan Trong Ho
- The Laboratory D Unit, Cancer Center, Cho Ray Hospital, #201B Nguyen Chi Thanh Street, Dist. 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Suong Phuoc Pho
- The Laboratory D Unit, Cancer Center, Cho Ray Hospital, #201B Nguyen Chi Thanh Street, Dist. 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thuy-An Thi Nguyen
- The Laboratory D Unit, Cancer Center, Cho Ray Hospital, #201B Nguyen Chi Thanh Street, Dist. 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Hue Thi Nguyen
- The Laboratory D Unit, Cancer Center, Cho Ray Hospital, #201B Nguyen Chi Thanh Street, Dist. 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Huyen Thi Mai
- The Laboratory D Unit, Cancer Center, Cho Ray Hospital, #201B Nguyen Chi Thanh Street, Dist. 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Bich-Tuyen Thi Pham
- The Laboratory D Unit, Cancer Center, Cho Ray Hospital, #201B Nguyen Chi Thanh Street, Dist. 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Khoa Dinh Nguyen
- Scientific Research Department, Cho Ray Hospital, #201B Nguyen Chi Thanh Street, Dist. 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Binh Thanh Le
- Department of General Director, Cho Ray Hospital, #201B Nguyen Chi Thanh Street, Dist. 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Thuc Tri Nguyen
- Department of General Director, Cho Ray Hospital, #201B Nguyen Chi Thanh Street, Dist. 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
| | - Son Truong Nguyen
- Department of General Director, Cho Ray Hospital, #201B Nguyen Chi Thanh Street, Dist. 5, Ho Chi Minh City, 700000, Vietnam
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Koksal AR, Ekmen N, Aydin Y, Nunez K, Sandow T, Delk M, Moehlen M, Thevenot P, Cohen A, Dash S. A Single-Step Immunocapture Assay to Quantify HCC Exosomes Using the Highly Sensitive Fluorescence Nanoparticle-Tracking Analysis. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2023; 10:1935-1954. [PMID: 37936599 PMCID: PMC10627088 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s423043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Extracellular vesicles could serve as a non-invasive biomarker for early cancer detection. However, limited methods to quantitate cancer-derived vesicles in the native state remain a significant barrier to clinical translation. Aim This research aims to develop a rapid, one-step immunoaffinity approach to quantify HCC exosomes directly from a small serum volume. Methods HCC-derived exosomes in the serum were captured using fluorescent phycoerythrin (PE)-conjugated antibodies targeted to GPC3 and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Total and HCC-specific exosomes were then quantified in culture supernatant or patient-derived serums using fluorescence nanoparticle tracking analysis (F-NTA). The performance of HCC exosome quantification in the serum was compared with the tumor size determined by MRI. Results Initially we tested the detection limits of the F-NTA using synthetic fluorescent and non-fluorescent beads. The assay showed an acceptable sensitivity with a detection range of 104-108 particles/mL. Additionally, the combination of immunocapture followed by size-exclusion column purification allows the isolation of smaller-size EVs and quantification by F-NTA. Our assay demonstrated that HCC cell culture releases a significantly higher quantity of GPC3 or GPC3+AFP positive EVs (100-200 particles/cell) compared to non-HCC culture (10-40 particles/cell) (p<0.01 and p<0.05 respectively). The F-NTA enables absolute counting of HCC-specific exosomes in the clinical samples with preserved biological immunoreactivity. The performance of F-NTA was clinically validated in serum from patients ± cirrhosis and with confirmed HCC. F-NTA quantification data show selective enrichment of AFP and GPC3 positive EVs in HCC serum compared to malignancy-free cirrhosis (AUC values for GPC3, AFP, and GPC3/AFP were found 0.79, 0.71, and 0.72 respectively). The MRI-confirmed patient cohort indicated that there was a positive correlation between total tumor size and GPC3-positive exosome concentration (r:0.78 and p<0.001). Conclusion We developed an immunocapture assay that can be used for simultaneous isolation and quantification of HCC-derived exosomes from a small serum volume with high accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Riza Koksal
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Nergiz Ekmen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yucel Aydin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kelley Nunez
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute of Translational Research, Ochsner Health, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Tyler Sandow
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Translational Research, Ochsner Health, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Molly Delk
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Martin Moehlen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Paul Thevenot
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute of Translational Research, Ochsner Health, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ari Cohen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Institute of Translational Research, Ochsner Health, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Multi-Organ Transplant Institute, Ochsner Health, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Srikanta Dash
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, USA
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Singh R, Aggarwal S, Verma A, Sakhuja P, Nandi S, Garg K. Primary hepatoid adenocarcinoma of lung: A rare malignancy mimicking tuberculosis. Lung India 2023; 40:537-540. [PMID: 37961962 PMCID: PMC10723204 DOI: 10.4103/lungindia.lungindia_117_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of lung (HAL) is a rare aggressive malignant tumour which histologically resembles hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Hepatoid adenocarcinoma (HAC) mostly produces high levels of alphafetoprotein (AFP) and is frequently found in extrahepatic organs including stomach, testes, ovaries, lungs and pancreas. Our patient was a male in his 40s with a chronic smoking history, presented with complaints of fever, weight loss, cough and anorexia for one month. On the basis of history, examination and initial investigation patient were started on empirical antitubercular therapy. However, within a span of 10 days, patient's condition worsened, and he developed a pulmonary embolism, which despite adequate treatment did not improve and the patient succumbed to his illness. Postmortem biopsy revealed a rare primary lung tumour, HAL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Puja Sakhuja
- Department of Pathology Govind Ballabh Pant Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, New Delhi, India
| | - Sudipta Nandi
- Department of Medicine MAMC & LNJP, New Delhi, India
| | - Kamal Garg
- Department of Medicine MAMC & LNJP, New Delhi, India
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Han LY, Sun WJ, Zhao ZH, Gao S, Wang K. Decreased GPX3 mRNA level in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is associated with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2023; 117:727-732. [PMID: 37310002 DOI: 10.1093/trstmh/trad038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies with increasing mortality. In this study, we aim to determine the alteration and diagnostic value of GXP3 expression for HBV-related HCC. METHODS We recruited 243 subjects, including 132 HBV-related HCC patients, 78 chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients and 33 healthy controls (HCs). The mRNA level of GPX3 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was assessed by quantitative real-time PCR. The GPX3 plasma level was detected by ELISA. RESULTS The GPX3 mRNA level was significantly decreased in HBV-related HCC patients compared with in CHB patients and HCs (p<0.05). The plasma GPX3 level was significantly lower in patients with HBV-related HCC than in CHB patients and HCs (p<0.05). In the HCC subgroup, the GPX3 mRNA level was significantly lower in patients with positive HBeAg, ascites, advanced stage and poor differentiation compared with in the other groups (p<0.05). The receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to estimate the diagnostic value of the GPX3 mRNA level for HBV-related HCC. The GPX3 mRNA level showed a significantly better diagnostic ability compared with alpha fetoprotein (AFP) (area under the curve 0.769 vs 0.658, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS A decreased GPX3 mRNA level might be a potential non-invasive biomarker for HBV-related HCC. It showed better diagnostic ability than AFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yan Han
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Wei-Juan Sun
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Ze-Hua Zhao
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Hepatology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
- Institute of Hepatology, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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26
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS A large-scale multicenter study validated aldo-keto reductase 1B10 (AKR1B10) as a new serum marker of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of serum AKR1B10 in HCC. METHODS 273 naïve HCC patients enrolled for serum AKR1B10 tests were followed up for 2 years. Survival and clinical data were collected. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank tests were used to estimate correlation of patient survival with serum AKR1B10. Univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses were used to evaluate the prognostic value of serum AKR1B10 level independently or in combination with other clinicopathological factors. α-fetoprotein (AFP) was analyzed in parallel for comparison. RESULTS Serum AKR1B10 associated with tumor stage (p = 0.012), size (p = 0.004), primary tumor number (p = 0.019), and Child-Pugh classification (p = 0.003). HCC patients with a high level of serum AKR1B10 (≥ 267.9 pg/ml) had median survival (MS) of 25 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 20.788-29.212) vs. MS of 34 months (CI 28.911-39.089) in patients with normal serum AKR1B10 (p < 0.001). Univariate and multivariate COX regression analyses showed that serum AKR1B10 level was an unfavorable prognostic marker of HCC independently (HR 1.830, 95% CI 1.312-2.552; p < 0.001) or in combination with other clinical factors (HR 1.883, 95% CI 1.264-2.806; p = 0.002), such as TNM stage, tumor size and portal invasion. In the same cohort of HCC patients, AFP exhibited prognostic value at a cut-off of 400 ng/ml, but not at 20 ng/ml and 200 ng/ml. CONCLUSIONS Serum AKR1B10 is a new prognostic marker of HCC, better than AFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Xie
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
- The Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 58 Lushan Road, Changsha, 410006, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Ye
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Li Zeng
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Xi Zeng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Hengyang Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, 28W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
| | - Deliang Cao
- Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 283 Tongzipo Road, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Cancer Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Hengyang Medical School, Cancer Research Institute, University of South China, 28W Changsheng Road, Hengyang, 421001, Hunan, China.
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Su TH, Chang SH, Chen CL, Liao SH, Tseng TC, Hsu SJ, Hong CM, Liu CH, Yang HC, Liu CJ, Chen PJ, Kao JH. Serial increase and high alpha-fetoprotein levels predict the development of hepatocellular carcinoma in 6 months. Hepatol Res 2023; 53:1021-1030. [PMID: 37291079 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) checkup with abdominal ultrasonography for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance remains controversial. We evaluated a serial AFP-increase and high AFP levels in the prediction of HCC. METHODS At-risk patients with chronic liver disease underwent HCC surveillance with trimonthly AFP measurement were included and categorized into HCC and non-HCC groups. Their AFP levels at 12, 9, and 6 months (-6M) before the outcome date were evaluated. Group-based trajectory analysis and multivariable regression analysis were performed to identify AFP trajectories as risk predictors for HCC. RESULTS Overall, 2776 patients were included in the HCC (n = 326) and non-HCC (n = 2450) groups. Serial AFP levels were significantly higher in the HCC than the non-HCC groups. Trajectory analysis identified AFP-increase group (11%) increased 24-fold risks of HCC compared with the AFP-stable (89%) group. Compared with patients without the AFP-increase, a serial 3-month AFP-increase ≥10% elevated HCC risk by 12.1-fold (95% CI: 6.5-22.4) in 6 months, and the HCC risks increased 13-60 fold in patients with cirrhosis, hepatitis B, or C receiving antiviral therapy, or AFP levels <20 ng/ml. Combining serial AFP-increase ≥10% and AFP ≥20 ng/ml at -6M significantly increased 41.7-fold (95% CI: 13.8-126.2) HCC risks. In patients who underwent biannual AFP checkups, those with both 6-month AFP-increase ≥10% and AFP ≥20 ng/ml increased 22.1-fold (95% CI: 12.52-39.16) HCC risks in 6 months. Most HCCs were detected at an early stage. CONCLUSIONS Serial 3-6-month AFP-increase of ≥10% previously and AFP level of ≥20 ng/ml significantly increased HCC risks in 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung-Hung Su
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Han Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin County, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Ling Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sih-Han Liao
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Chung Tseng
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jer Hsu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ming Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hua Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chih Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jen Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jer Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Horng Kao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Hepatitis Research Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Schröder L, Mallmann MR, Domroese CM, Wefers N, Dolscheid-Pommerich R, Stoffel-Wagner B, Trulson I, Vahldiek K, Klawonn F, Holdenrieder S. Method Comparison and Clinical Performance of Breast Cancer Tumor Markers on Novel Multiplex Immunoassay and Automatized LOCI Technology Platforms. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3101. [PMID: 37835844 PMCID: PMC10572608 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13193101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor marker determinations are valuable tools for the guidance of breast cancer patients during the course of disease. They are assessed on diverse analytical platforms that may be associated with differences according to the methods applied and the clinical performance. To investigate the method dependency and clinical significance of breast cancer protein tumor markers, CEA, CA 15-3, CA 125, CA 19-9 and AFP were measured in a total of 154 biobanked samples from 77 patients with breast cancer, 10 with DCIS, 31 with benign breast diseases and 36 healthy controls using a Millipore multiplex biomarker panel (MP) and an automized version of the routinely used Vista LOCI technology. The markers were compared between methods and investigated for diagnostic performance. CEA, CA 15-3 and AFP showed good correlations between both platforms with correlation coefficients of R = 0.85, 0.85 and 0.92, respectively, in all samples, but similarly also in the various subgroups. CA 125 and CA 19-9 showed only moderate correlations (R = 0.71 and 0.56, respectively). Absolute values were significantly higher for CEA, CA 15-3, CA 125 and AFP in the Vista LOCI as compared with the MP method and vice versa for CA 19-9. The diagnostic performance for discrimination of breast cancer from healthy controls was similar for both methods with AUCs in ROC curves for CEA (MP 0.81, 95% CI 0.72-0.91; LOCI 0.81; 95% CI 0.72-0.91) and CA-15-3 (MP 0.75, 95% CI 0.65-0.86; LOCI 0.67, 95% CI 0.54-0.79). Similar results were obtained for the comparison of breast cancer with benign breast diseases regarding CEA (AUC MP 0.62, 95% CI 0.51-0.73; LOCI 0.64, 95% CI 0.53-0.74) and CA-15-3 (MP 0.70, 95% CI 0.6-0.81; LOCI 0.66, 95% CI 0.54-0.77). Both platforms show moderate to good method comparability for tumor markers with similar clinical performance. However, absolute levels in individual patients should be interpreted with care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Schröder
- Department of Gynecology, Ketteler-Hospital Offenbach, 63071 Offenbach, Germany
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael R Mallmann
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian M Domroese
- Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany
| | - Natalie Wefers
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ramona Dolscheid-Pommerich
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Birgit Stoffel-Wagner
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Inga Trulson
- Munich Biomarker Research Center, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Center, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
| | - Kai Vahldiek
- Department of Computer Science, Ostfalia University, 38302 Wolfenbüttel, Germany
| | - Frank Klawonn
- Munich Biomarker Research Center, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Center, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
- Department of Computer Science, Ostfalia University, 38302 Wolfenbüttel, Germany
- Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Biostatistics, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
- Munich Biomarker Research Center, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, German Heart Center, Technical University Munich, 80636 Munich, Germany
- Center for the Evaluation of Biomarkers, 81679 Munich, Germany
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29
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Lee SJ, Han YJ, Kim M, Shim JY, Lee MY, Oh SY, Lee J, Kim SH, Cha DH, Cho GJ, Kwon HS, Kim BJ, Park MH, Cho HY, Ko HS, Bae JH, Park CW, Park JS, Jun JK, Oh S, Lee DR, Ryu HM, Lee SM. The Effect of Vanishing Twin on First- and Second-Trimester Maternal Serum Markers and Nuchal Translucency: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort Study. J Korean Med Sci 2023; 38:e300. [PMID: 37750371 PMCID: PMC10519777 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.2023.38.e300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of vanishing twin (VT) on maternal serum marker concentrations and nuchal translucency (NT). METHODS This is a secondary analysis of a multicenter prospective cohort study in 12 institutions. Serum concentrations of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A in the first trimester and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), total human chorionic gonadotrophin, unconjugated estriol, and inhibin A in the second trimester were measured, and NT was measured between 10 and 14 weeks of gestation. RESULTS Among 6,793 pregnant women, 5,381 women were measured for serum markers in the first or second trimester, including 65 cases in the VT group and 5,316 cases in the normal singleton group. The cases in the VT group had a higher median multiple of the median value of AFP and inhibin A than the normal singleton group. The values of other serum markers and NT were not different between the two groups. After the permutation test with adjustment, AFP and inhibin A remained significant differences. The frequency of abnormally increased AFP was also higher in the VT group than in the normal singleton group. CONCLUSION VT can be considered as an adjustment factor for risk assessment in the second-trimester serum screening test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Jin Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - You Jung Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minhyoung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, MizMedi Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Yoon Shim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi-Young Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo-Young Oh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - JoonHo Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University Health System, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Cha
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Geum Joon Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han-Sung Kwon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byoung Jae Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Hye Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Young Cho
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bundang CHA Hospital, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Hyun Sun Ko
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Bae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chan-Wook Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong Shin Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Kwan Jun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sohee Oh
- Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Da Rae Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Hyun Mee Ryu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bundang CHA Hospital, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea.
| | - Seung Mi Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- Innovative Medical Technology Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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30
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Cai Y, Xie K, Adeeb Alhmoud MN, Lan T, Wan H, Hu D, Lan L, Liu C, Wu H. Effect of PIVKA-II and AFP secretion status on early recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma after open and laparoscopic surgery. Cancer Med 2023; 12:17866-17877. [PMID: 37596739 PMCID: PMC10523999 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prothrombin induced by vitamin K absence-II (PIVKA-II) and Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) have been widely used as diagnostic markers in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but the prognostic values of the two serum markers and their clinical usefulness in patient selection for different surgical approaches remain largely unclear. METHODS HCC patients received surgical treatment between 2015 and 2019 were included. Patients were divided into four statuses according to the serum PIVKA-II and AFP secretion status: PIVKA-II (-) AFP (-) (status 1); PIVKA-II (+) AFP (-) (status 2); PIVKA-II (-) AFP (+) (status 3); PIVKA-II (+) AFP (+) (status 4). Kaplan-Meier analyses were conducted to compare the survivals of the four groups and the HCC patients received different surgical interventions; time-dependent AUC curves were introduced to evaluate the prognostic value of the PIV-AFP status; Cox regression model was used to identify prognostic indexes for overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS). RESULTS A total of 518 patients were included. Patients with PIVKA-II (+) and APF (+) presented significantly decreased OS and RFS comparing to the other statuses. The areas under ROC curves of PIV-AFP status in predicting OS and RFS were superior to the PIVKA-II or the AFP alone. The HCC patients in early stages with PIVKA-II (+) and APF (+) had worse RFS when received laparoscopic hepatectomy than those who received open hepatectomy, whereas there was no difference in other secretion statuses. The PIVKA-II (+) and AFP (+) secretion status was an independent risk factor for OS, RFS. CONCLUSIONS The PIV-AFP secretion status is of favorable clinical utility in predicting the OS and RFS of the HCC patients; extra caution is needed when applicated the laparoscopic approach in the HCC patients with PIVKA-II (+) and AFP (+).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshi Cai
- Liver Transplant Center, Transplant Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Kunlin Xie
- Liver Transplant Center, Transplant Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Mohammad Natheir Adeeb Alhmoud
- Liver Transplant Center, Transplant Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Tian Lan
- Liver Transplant Center, Transplant Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Haifeng Wan
- Liver Transplant Center, Transplant Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
| | - Die Hu
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General SurgeryWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Ling Lan
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General SurgeryWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chang Liu
- Division of Liver Surgery, Department of General SurgeryWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
- Department of Minimal Invasive SurgeryShangjin Nanfu HospitalChengduChina
| | - Hong Wu
- Liver Transplant Center, Transplant Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China HospitalSichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center of BiotherapyChengduChina
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Kuwano A, Miyazaki M, Yada M, Tanaka K, Koga Y, Masumoto A, Motomura K. FIB‑4 index and serum α‑fetoprotein are useful predictors of hepatocellular carcinoma occurrence in hepatitis B patients with nucleos(t)ide analogs therapy. Exp Ther Med 2023; 26:441. [PMID: 37614433 PMCID: PMC10443030 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2023.12140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Current antiviral therapies cannot achieve eradication of hepatitis B virus (HBV) and can reduce but not eliminate the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic HBV infection. The present study aimed to identify the risk factors for HCC development by analyzing nucleoside analogue (NA)-treated patients as a retrospective cohort using fibrosis-4 index (FIB-4 index) as a non-invasive fibrosis marker. A total of 260 patients with HBV receiving NAs without a history of HCC between January 2001 and January 2021 were included in the present study. The incidence of HCC in patients with HBV during NA therapy and the factors contributing to HCC occurrence were identified using clinical characteristics and blood test results. Among the 260 patients, 40 patients (15.4%) developed HCC. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that age [hazard ratio (HR), 1.03; P=0.045], male sex (HR, 3.14; P<0.01) and FIB-4 index at 6 months after NA treatment <1.95 (HR, 4.35; P<0.01) correlated with the incidence of HCC. The cumulative incidence of HCC in patients with FIB-4 index at 6 months after NA treatment >1.95 was significantly higher compared with that in patients with FIB-4 index ≤1.95 (P<0.01). Multivariate analysis in patients in which serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) level at 6 months after NA treatment was measured showed that FIB-4 index >1.95 (HR, 8.27; P=0.014) and serum AFP level >4 ng/ml (HR, 4.26; P=0.033) contributed to HCC occurrence. FIB-4 index at 6 months after NA treatment and serum AFP levels at 6 months after NA treatment were predictors for the development of HCC in patients with HBV during NA treatment. Further study of hepatocarcinogenesis during NA with a longer follow-up period and larger numbers of participants is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akifumi Kuwano
- Department of Hepatology, Aso Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8505, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miyazaki
- Department of Hepatology, Aso Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8505, Japan
- Department of Hepatology and Pancreatology, Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 810-0001, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Yada
- Department of Hepatology, Aso Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8505, Japan
| | - Kosuke Tanaka
- Department of Hepatology, Aso Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8505, Japan
| | - Yuta Koga
- Department of Hepatology, Aso Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8505, Japan
| | - Akihide Masumoto
- Department of Hepatology, Aso Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8505, Japan
| | - Kenta Motomura
- Department of Hepatology, Aso Iizuka Hospital, Iizuka, Fukuoka 820-8505, Japan
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Głowska-Ciemny J, Szymanski M, Kuszerska A, Rzepka R, von Kaisenberg CS, Kocyłowski R. Role of Alpha-Fetoprotein ( AFP) in Diagnosing Childhood Cancers and Genetic-Related Chronic Diseases. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4302. [PMID: 37686577 PMCID: PMC10486785 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15174302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a protein commonly found during fetal development, but its role extends beyond birth. Throughout the first year of life, AFP levels can remain high, which can potentially mask various conditions from the neurological, metabolic, hematological, endocrine, and early childhood cancer groups. Although AFP reference values and clinical utility have been established in adults, evaluating AFP levels in children during the diagnostic process, treatment, and post-treatment surveillance is still associated with numerous diagnostic pitfalls. These challenges arise from the presence of physiologically elevated AFP levels, inconsistent data obtained from different laboratory tests, and the limited population of children with oncologic diseases that have been studied. To address these issues, it is essential to establish updated reference ranges for AFP in this specific age group. A population-based study involving a statistically representative group of patients could serve as a valuable solution for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Głowska-Ciemny
- PreMediCare Prenatal Research Center, ul. Czarna Rola 21, 61-625 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (A.K.); (R.K.)
- New Med Medical Center, ul. Szamotulska 100, 60-566 Poznań, Poland
| | - Marcin Szymanski
- PreMediCare Prenatal Research Center, ul. Czarna Rola 21, 61-625 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (A.K.); (R.K.)
| | - Agata Kuszerska
- PreMediCare Prenatal Research Center, ul. Czarna Rola 21, 61-625 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (A.K.); (R.K.)
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Zielona Gora, ul. Zyty 28, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | - Rafał Rzepka
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Zielona Gora, ul. Zyty 28, 65-046 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | - Constantin S. von Kaisenberg
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, D-30625 Hannover, Germany;
| | - Rafał Kocyłowski
- PreMediCare Prenatal Research Center, ul. Czarna Rola 21, 61-625 Poznań, Poland; (M.S.); (A.K.); (R.K.)
- New Med Medical Center, ul. Szamotulska 100, 60-566 Poznań, Poland
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Abdo SM, Shousha WG, Mohamed AA, Elshobaky M, Saleh M, Ali MMA. Bio-diagnostic performances of microRNAs set related to DNA damage response pathway among hepatitis C virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma patients. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:85. [PMID: 37587273 PMCID: PMC10432369 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00537-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to date, a well-defined microRNAs (miRNAs) profile involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) pathogenesis remains indecisive. Thus, employing miRNAs for HCC diagnosis is demanded for early therapeutic interventions. We aimed to evaluate the usage of miRNAs set related to the SuperPath: miRNAs involved in DNA damage response pathway as effective biomarkers for HCV-related HCC diagnosis. RESULTS The study enrolled 97 patients with HCV-related HCC, 84 with hepatitis C virus (HCV), 97 with liver cirrhosis (LC), and 84 healthy individuals. Serum miRNA-23a, miRNA-203, miRNA-100-5p, and miRNA-16 were quantified using qRT-PCR experiments, AFP and routine LFTs were estimated via standard techniques. Pathway enrichment analysis along with the construction of miRNAs regulatory network were performed. With respect to healthy individuals, miRNA-203, miRNA-100-5p, and miRNA-16 were significantly downregulated in HCC, HCV, and LC groups, while miRNA-23a showed significant upregulation (p < 0.001). miRNAs exhibited significant correlations with AFP, ALT, AST, and albumin. Also, elevated levels of miRNA-23a were recognized in patients with multiple focal lesions and/or lesion size > 5 cm. Additionally, the diagnostic performance of miRNA-23a expression level at a selected cut-off value of 3.99 overtakes AFP, while expressions of miR-203, miRNA-100-5p, and miRNA-16 represent poor diagnostic outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Keeping in mind the individual variability and high level of heterogeneity in HCC, our data revealed the diagnostic value of miRNA-23a expression in HCV-related HCC patients. Further extra in silico HCC-specific microRNAs sets are demanded in diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara M Abdo
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Wafaa Gh Shousha
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal Ahmed Mohamed
- Biochemistry Department, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elshobaky
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Saleh
- Internal Medicine department, National Hepatology and Tropical Medicine Research Institute, Cairo, Egypt
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Abuobeid R, Herrera-Marcos LV, Arnal C, Bidooki SH, Sánchez-Marco J, Lasheras R, Surra JC, Rodríguez-Yoldi MJ, Martínez-Beamonte R, Osada J. Differentially Expressed Genes in Response to a Squalene-Supplemented Diet Are Accurate Discriminants of Porcine Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12552. [PMID: 37628732 PMCID: PMC10454218 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Squalene is the major unsaponifiable component of virgin olive oil, the fat source of the Mediterranean diet. To evaluate its effect on the hepatic transcriptome, RNA sequencing was carried out in two groups of male Large White x Landrace pigs developing nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by feeding them a high fat/cholesterol/fructose and methionine and choline-deficient steatotic diet or the same diet with 0.5% squalene. Hepatic lipids, squalene content, steatosis, activity (ballooning + inflammation), and SAF (steatosis + activity + fibrosis) scores were analyzed. Pigs receiving the latter diet showed hepatic squalene accumulation and twelve significantly differentially expressed hepatic genes (log2 fold change < 1.5 or <1.5) correlating in a gene network. These pigs also had lower hepatic triglycerides and lipid droplet areas and higher cellular ballooning. Glutamyl aminopeptidase (ENPEP) was correlated with triglyceride content, while alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), neutralized E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 3 (NEURL3), 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthase-like protein (OASL), and protein phosphatase 1 regulatory inhibitor subunit 1B (PPP1R1B) were correlated with activity reflecting inflammation and ballooning, and NEURL3 with the SAF score. AFP, ENPEP, and PPP1R1B exhibited a remarkably strong discriminant power compared to those pathological parameters in both experimental groups. Moreover, the expression of PPP1R1B, TMEM45B, AFP, and ENPEP followed the same pattern in vitro using human hepatoma (HEPG2) and mouse liver 12 (AML12) cell lines incubated with squalene, indicating a direct effect of squalene on these expressions. These findings suggest that squalene accumulated in the liver is able to modulate gene expression changes that may influence the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roubi Abuobeid
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis V. Herrera-Marcos
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carmen Arnal
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Seyed Hesamoddin Bidooki
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Javier Sánchez-Marco
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Roberto Lasheras
- Laboratorio Agroambiental, Servicio de Seguridad Agroalimentaria de la Dirección General de Alimentación y Fomento Agroalimentario, Gobierno de Aragón, E-50071 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Joaquín C. Surra
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Producción Animal y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Escuela Politécnica Superior de Huesca, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-22071 Huesca, Spain
| | - María Jesús Rodríguez-Yoldi
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Farmacología, Fisiología, Medicina Legal y Forense, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Roberto Martínez-Beamonte
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Osada
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, E-50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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Matsas A, Stefanoudakis D, Troupis T, Kontzoglou K, Eleftheriades M, Christopoulos P, Panoskaltsis T, Stamoula E, Iliopoulos DC. Tumor Markers and Their Diagnostic Significance in Ovarian Cancer. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1689. [PMID: 37629546 PMCID: PMC10455076 DOI: 10.3390/life13081689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is characterized by silent progression and late-stage diagnosis. It is critical to detect and accurately diagnose the disease early to improve survival rates. Tumor markers have emerged as valuable tools in the diagnosis and management of OC, offering non-invasive and cost-effective options for screening, monitoring, and prognosis. PURPOSE This paper explores the diagnostic importance of various tumor markers including CA-125, CA15-3, CA 19-9, HE4,hCG, inhibin, AFP, and LDH, and their impact on disease monitoring and treatment response assessment. METHODS Article searches were performed on PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Keywords used for the searching process were "Ovarian cancer", "Cancer biomarkers", "Early detection", "Cancer diagnosis", "CA-125","CA 15-3","CA 19-9", "HE4","hCG", "inhibin", "AFP", "LDH", and others. RESULTS HE4, when combined with CA-125, shows improved sensitivity and specificity, particularly in early-stage detection. Additionally, hCG holds promise as a prognostic marker, aiding treatment response prediction and outcome assessment. Novel markers like microRNAs, DNA methylation patterns, and circulating tumor cells offer potential for enhanced diagnostic accuracy and personalized management. Integrating these markers into a comprehensive panel may improve sensitivity and specificity in ovarian cancer diagnosis. However, careful interpretation of tumor marker results is necessary, considering factors such as age, menopausal status, and comorbidities. Further research is needed to validate and refine diagnostic algorithms, optimizing the clinical significance of tumor markers in ovarian cancer management. In conclusion, tumor markers such as CA-125, CA15-3, CA 19-9, HE4, and hCG provide valuable insights into ovarian cancer diagnosis, monitoring, and prognosis, with the potential to enhance early detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alkis Matsas
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research ‘N.S. Christeas’, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Stefanoudakis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, “Aretaieion” University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodore Troupis
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, MikrasAsias Str. 75, 11627 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kontzoglou
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research ‘N.S. Christeas’, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Makarios Eleftheriades
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, “Aretaieion” University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Christopoulos
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, “Aretaieion” University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Theodoros Panoskaltsis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical School, “Aretaieion” University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Stamoula
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, University Campus Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios C. Iliopoulos
- Laboratory of Experimental Surgery and Surgical Research ‘N.S. Christeas’, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Majewski M, Paffenholz P, Ruf C, Che Y, Seidel C, Heinzelbecker J, Schmelz H, Matthies C, Albers P, Bokemeyer C, Heidenreich A, Pichler M, Nestler T. Misuse of tumor marker levels leads to an insufficient International Germ Cell Consensus Classification (IGCCCG) risk group assignment and impaired treatment. Cancer Med 2023; 12:16829-16836. [PMID: 37392170 PMCID: PMC10501278 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastatic germ cell tumors of the testis (GCTs) are risk-stratified according to the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group (IGCCCG) classification system. This risk classification is based on anatomical risk factors as well as tumor marker levels of AFP, HCG, and LDH assessed pre-chemotherapy after orchiectomy treatment. An incorrect classification is possible when pre-orchiectomy marker levels are used, possibly resulting in over- or undertreatment of patients. The aim was to investigate the potential frequency and clinical relevance of incorrect risk stratification using pre-orchiectomy tumor marker levels. METHODS A multicenter registry analysis, including patients with metastasized nonseminomatous GCT (NSGCT), was conducted by investigators of the German Testicular Cancer Study Group (GTCSG). Based on the marker levels at different timepoints, IGCCCG risk groups were calculated. The agreement was tested using Cohen's kappa. RESULTS A total of 672 of 1910 (35%) patients were diagnosed with metastatic NSGCTs, and 523 (78%) had sufficient data for 224 follow-up data points. By using pre-orchiectomy tumor marker levels, 106 patients (20%) would have been incorrectly classified. Seventy-two patients (14%) were classified into a higher risk category, and 34 patients (7%) were classified into a lower risk category. Cohen's kappa was 0.69 (p < 0.001), showing a strong agreement between the use of both marker timepoints. The treatment of misclassified patients would have resulted in an overtreatment of 72 patients or undertreatment of 34 patients. CONCLUSIONS The use of pre-orchiectomy tumor marker levels may lead to an incorrect risk classification and might subsequently lead to under- or overtreatment of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pia Paffenholz
- Department of UrologyUniversity Hospital of CologneCologneGermany
| | - Christian Ruf
- Department of UrologyFederal Armed Services Hospital UlmUlmGermany
| | - Yue Che
- Department of UrologyUniversity Hospital of DuesseldorfDuesseldorfGermany
| | - Christoph Seidel
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Division of PneumologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf, University Hospital of Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Julia Heinzelbecker
- Department of Urology and Pediatric UrologyUniversity Medical Centre Homburg, Saarland University Hospital of HomburgHomburgGermany
| | | | - Cord Matthies
- Department of UrologyFederal Armed Services Hospital HamburgHamburgGermany
| | - Peter Albers
- Department of UrologyUniversity Hospital of DuesseldorfDuesseldorfGermany
| | - Carsten Bokemeyer
- Department of Oncology, Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation with Division of PneumologyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf, University Hospital of Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Axel Heidenreich
- Department of UrologyUniversity Hospital of CologneCologneGermany
- Department of UrologyMedical University ViennaViennaAustria
| | | | - Tim Nestler
- Department of UrologyUniversity Hospital of CologneCologneGermany
- Department of UrologyFederal Armed Services Hospital KoblenzKoblenzGermany
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Zheng K, Dai L, Zhao Y, Li L, Li W, Zhang X, Su Q, Wu R, Jiang Y, Chen Y, Ran J. Methylated SEPT9 combined with AFP and PIVKA-II is effective for the detection of HCC in high-risk population. BMC Gastroenterol 2023; 23:260. [PMID: 37525116 PMCID: PMC10388499 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-023-02900-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The methylation SEPT9 (mSEPT9) appeared to be effective for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) detection. However, its performance in high-risk population has not been validated. We designed a pilot study and aimed to investigate the performance of mSEPT9, AFP, PIVKA-II and their combination in hepatic cirrhosis (HC) population. METHODS A training cohort was established including 103 HCC and 114 HC patients. 10 ml blood was collected from each patient with K2EDTA tubes, and 3-4 ml plasma was extracted for subsequent tests. The performance of mSEPT9, AFP, PIVKA-II and their combination was optimized by the training cohort. Test performance was prospectively validated with a validation cohort, including 51 HCC and 121 HC patients. RESULTS At the optimal thresholds in the training cohort, the sensitivity, specificity and area under curve (AUC) was 72.82%, 89.47%, 0.84, and 48.57%, 89.92%, 0.79, and 63.64%, 95.95%, 0.79 for mSEPT9, AFP and PIVKA-II, respectively. The combined test significantly increased the sensitivity to 84.47% (P < 0.05) at the specificity of 86.84% with an AUC of 0.91. Stage-dependent performance was observed with all single markers and their combination in plasma marker levels, positive detection rate (PDR) and AUC. Moderate correlation was found between mSEPT9 and AFP plasma levels (r = 0.527, P < 0.0001). Good complementarity was found between any two of the three markers, providing optimal sensitivity in HCC detection when used in combination. Subsequent validation achieved a sensitivity, specificity and AUC of 65.31%, 92.86%, 0.80, and 44.24%, 89.26%, 0.75, and 62.22%, 95.27%, 0.78 for mSEPT9, AFP and PIVKA-II, respectively. The combined test yielded a significantly increased sensitivity of 84.00% (P < 0.05) at 85.57% specificity, with an AUC at 0.89. CONCLUSIONS The performance was optimal by the combination of mSEPT9, AFP, PIVKA-II compared with any single marker, and the combination may be effective for HCC opportunistic screening in HC population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kepu Zheng
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China
| | - Leiyang Dai
- Department of Clinical laboratory, Kunming Children's Hospital, Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China
| | - Yingpeng Zhao
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China
| | - Laibang Li
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China
| | - Wang Li
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China
| | - Xibing Zhang
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China
| | - Qiuming Su
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China
| | - Ruichao Wu
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China
| | - Yizhou Jiang
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China
| | - Yonglin Chen
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China
| | - Jianghua Ran
- Department of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, The Affiliated Calmette Hospital of Kunming Medical University, The First People's Hospital of Kunming, Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China.
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Wojtalewicz N, Vierbaum L, Kaufmann A, Schellenberg I, Holdenrieder S. Longitudinal Evaluation of AFP and CEA External Proficiency Testing Reveals Need for Method Harmonization. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:2019. [PMID: 37370914 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13122019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The glycoproteins alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) have long been approved as biomarkers for diagnosing and monitoring tumors. International Reference Preparations (IRPs) have been around since 1975. Nevertheless, manufacturer-dependent differences have been reported, indicating a lack of harmonization. This paper analyzes data from 15 external quality assessment (EQA) surveys conducted worldwide between 2018 and 2022. The aim was to gain insight into the longitudinal development of manufacturer-dependent differences for CEA and AFP. In each survey, participating laboratories received two samples with different tumor marker levels. Inter- and intra-assay variability was analyzed and the mean 80% and 90% of the manufacturer collectives were compared to the evaluation criteria of the German Medical Association (RiliBÄK). The median EQA results for CEA revealed manufacturer-dependent differences between the highest and lowest collective of up to 100%; for AFP, the median differences mostly remained below 40%. The coefficients of variation were predominantly low for both markers. We concluded that the current assays for AFP and CEA detection are better harmonized than previously reported. The assays displayed a good robustness; however, a narrowing of the current assessment limits in EQA schemes could further enhance the quality of laboratory testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Wojtalewicz
- INSTAND e.V., Society for Promoting Quality Assurance in Medical Laboratories, Ubierstr. 20, 40223 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura Vierbaum
- INSTAND e.V., Society for Promoting Quality Assurance in Medical Laboratories, Ubierstr. 20, 40223 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Anne Kaufmann
- INSTAND e.V., Society for Promoting Quality Assurance in Medical Laboratories, Ubierstr. 20, 40223 Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Ingo Schellenberg
- INSTAND e.V., Society for Promoting Quality Assurance in Medical Laboratories, Ubierstr. 20, 40223 Duesseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Bioanalytical Sciences (IBAS), Center of Life Sciences, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Strenzfelder Allee 28, 06406 Bernburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Holdenrieder
- INSTAND e.V., Society for Promoting Quality Assurance in Medical Laboratories, Ubierstr. 20, 40223 Duesseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Munich Biomarker Research Center, Deutsches Herzzentrum München, Technische Universität München, 80636 Munich, Germany
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Gebremeskel MM. Antecedents of graduates' competence in the agro-food processing technical and vocational training system of Ethiopia as perceived by graduates and their trainers. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16569. [PMID: 37346340 PMCID: PMC10279792 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to scrutinize the interdependence among training quality, graduate demographic characteristics, and graduate competence and employability in the agro-food processing sub-sector of the TVET system in Ethiopia. To that effect, the commitment and competence of graduates and trainers, the quantitative and qualitative aspects of resource supplies, training and assessment practices including industry involvement or cooperative training, and the relationships with and influence of the human and material resources on graduate competence were examined. The descriptive survey design of the quantitative approach that involved 637 participants was employed. Data analyses through descriptive and inferential statistics revealed that colleges were challenged with trainer skill gaps, poor material resource supply, and poor cooperative training. It was also found that the human inputs (trainer competence, trainer commitment, and trainee characteristics) significantly predicted the core competence of graduates whereas material resources had a very weak predictive power. In addition, an inverse relationship between employment status and all forms of graduates' competence was found. Accordingly, it is plausible to conclude that poor institutional capacity that denied to pay necessary attention for the input and process of the training delivery has obstructed the competence of graduates.
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40
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Buiron C, Grange R, Rousset P, Villeneuve L, Benzerdjeb N, Glehen O, Kepenekian V. Primary Peritoneal Hepatoid Adenocarcinoma Patients Treated by Complete Cytoreductive Surgery (CRS) and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC). Indian J Surg Oncol 2023; 14:151-160. [PMID: 37359928 PMCID: PMC10284782 DOI: 10.1007/s13193-023-01737-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatoid adenocarcinoma (HAC) is an extremely rare disease, which could develop from any thoraco-abdominal organ and which exhibits features mimicking hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Its diagnosis is thus highly challenging, so is the treatment of that disease. So far, 12 cases have been reported in the literature as issued from the peritoneum. These primary peritoneal HAC were associated with a dismal prognosis and heterogenous management. Two additional cases were described here, managed in a multidisciplinary way as rare peritoneal surface malignancies in an expert center, following the strategy based on a comprehensive tumor burden extension assessment and a radical approach combining iterative complete cytoreductive surgeries followed by hyperthermic intra-peritoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) and limited systemic chemotherapy sequences. In particular, the choline PET-CT scan guided surgical exploration to reach a complete resection. The oncologic outcomes were promising with a first patient dying 111 months after the diagnosis and a second patient still alive at 43 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Buiron
- Surgical Oncology Department, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
- EA3738 CICLY, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 1 (UCBL1), Lyon, France
| | - Remi Grange
- EA3738 CICLY, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 1 (UCBL1), Lyon, France
- Department of Radiology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Pascal Rousset
- EA3738 CICLY, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 1 (UCBL1), Lyon, France
- Department of Radiology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| | | | - Nazim Benzerdjeb
- EA3738 CICLY, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 1 (UCBL1), Lyon, France
- Department of Pathology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Pierre Bénite, France
| | - Olivier Glehen
- Surgical Oncology Department, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
- EA3738 CICLY, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 1 (UCBL1), Lyon, France
| | - Vahan Kepenekian
- Surgical Oncology Department, Hôpital Lyon Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Pierre Bénite, France
- EA3738 CICLY, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 1 (UCBL1), Lyon, France
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Yuan X, Lu Y, Yang Y, Tian W, Fan D, Liu R, Lei X, Xia Y, Yang L, Yan S, Xiong D. Systemic administration of mesenchymal stem cells loaded with a novel oncolytic adenovirus carrying a bispecific T cell engager against hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncoimmunology 2023; 12:2219544. [PMID: 37274296 PMCID: PMC10237050 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2023.2219544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously established a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) targeting system of conditionally replicative adenovirus (CRAd) delivered by human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HUMSCs). However, this system needed to be developed further to enhance the antitumor effect and overcome the limitations caused by the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) heterogeneity of HCC. In this study, a bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) targeting programmed death ligand 1 controlled by the human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter was armed on the CRAd of the old system. It was demonstrated on orthotopic transplantation model mice that the new system had a better anti-tumor effect with no more damage to extrahepatic organs and less liver injury, and the infiltration and activation of T cells were significantly enhanced in the tumor tissues of the model mice treated with the new system. Importantly, we confirmed that the new system eliminated the AFP-negative cells on AFP heterogeneous tumor models efficiently. Conclusion: Compared with the old system, the new system provided a more effective and safer strategy against HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfei Yuan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Tianjin Medical University NanKai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yang Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem,Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wencong Tian
- Department of General Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongmei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem,Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruoqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem,Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaomin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem,Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yafei Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acute Abdomen Disease Associated Organ Injury and ITCWM Repair, Tianjin Medical University NanKai Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Shu Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongsheng Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem,Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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Liang W, Cong B, Lai W, Jiang M, Ma C, Zhao C, Jiang W, Zhang S, Qi Y, Hong C. An electrochemiluminescence resonance energy transfer biosensor based on Luminol-LDH and CuS@Pt for detection of alpha-fetoprotein. Talanta 2023; 261:124669. [PMID: 37210917 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.124669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the best diagnostic marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and plays an important role in the general surveillance of the population. Therefore, the establishment of an ultra-sensitive AFP assay is essential for the early screening and clinical diagnosis of HCC. In this work, we designed a signal-off biosensor for ultra-sensitive detection of AFP based on an electrochemiluminescent resonance energy transfer (ECL-RET) strategy using luminol intercalated layered bimetallic hydroxide (Luminol-LDH) as an ECL donor and Pt nanoparticles-grown on copper sulfide nanospheres (CuS@Pt) as ECL acceptor. The (Au NPs/Luminol-LDH)n multilayer nanomembrane synthesized by our intercalation and layer-by-layer electrostatic assembly process not only effectively immobilizes luminol but also significantly enhances the ECL signal. The CuS@Pt composite has well visible light absorption ability and can burst the light emitted from luminol by ECL-RET. The biosensor showed good linearity in the range from 10-5 ng mL-1 to 100 ng mL-1 and a minimum detection limit of 2.6 fg mL-1. Therefore, the biosensor provides a novel and efficient strategy for the detection of AFP, which is important for the early screening and clinical diagnosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjin Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China
| | - Bing Cong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China
| | - Wenjing Lai
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China
| | - Mingzhe Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China
| | - Chaoyun Ma
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China
| | - Chulei Zhao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China
| | - Wenwen Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China
| | - Shaopeng Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China
| | - Yu Qi
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China.
| | - Chenglin Hong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory Incubation Base for Green Processing of Chemical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, PR China.
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Wang Y, Zhao Y, Li M, Hou H, Jian Z, Li W, Li P, Ma F, Liu M, Liu H, Xue H. Conversion of primary liver cancer after targeted therapy for liver cancer combined with AFP-targeted CAR T-cell therapy: a case report. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1180001. [PMID: 37256142 PMCID: PMC10225497 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1180001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary liver cancer (PLC) that originates in the liver is a malignant tumor with the worst prognosis. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of PLC. Most PLC cases are diagnosed at advanced stages mainly due to their insidious onset and rapid progression. Patients with PLC undergo surgical intervention or localized treatment, but their survival is often affected by its high relapse rate. Medical treatment is the primary option for patients with liver cancer, especially with advanced extrahepatic metastases. Molecular targeted therapy exerts an anti-tumor effect by acting on various signaling pathways involved in molecular pathogenesis; however, high drug resistance and low therapeutic responsiveness of PLC to molecular targets challenge the treatment option. In recent years, after surgical intervention, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and/or molecular targeted therapy, autologous cell immunotherapy has been adopted for PLC. As a typical autologous cell immunotherapy, CAR T-cell therapy uses genetically modified T cells to express tumor-specific chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). Its targeting ability, persistent nature, and tumor-killing function result in a significant impact on the treatment of hematological tumors. However, no breakthrough has happened in the research specific to the curation of lung cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, and other common solid tumors. In this context, a combination of molecular targeted therapy and CAR T-cell therapy was used to treat a patient with advanced HCC to achieve a partial remission(PR) and facilitate further liver transplantation.
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Takahata Y, Hara M, Nishino K, Kawakami T. Immuno-Mass Spectrometry Workflow for Quantification of Serum α-Fetoprotein Using Antibody-Immobilized Magnetic Beads and Modified Eluents. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2023; 12:A0122. [PMID: 37260735 PMCID: PMC10227195 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Immuno-mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful method for the quantitative analysis of low-abundance proteins in biological specimens. In these procedures, collecting specifically and efficiently the target protein antigens from the antigen-antibody complex generated on the surface of nanocarrier beads is crucial and can be performed by hydrolyzing the proteins directly on the beads or after elution. Herein, we optimized the conditions of the immunoaffinity purification via elution using serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) as a model and its specific antibody immobilized covalently on magnetic beads. Antibody-coated beads were incubated with human serum spiked with standard AFP for antigen-antibody reaction. AFP was then eluted from the beads using various eluents, including organic solvents, to optimize the elution conditions. After proteolytically hydrolyzing the eluted protein, stable isotope-labeled standard peptides were added to the hydrolysate to quantify the eluted AFP via liquid chromatography-tandem MS. Using an optimized workflow for quantitative analysis afforded a correlation between the amount of spiked AFP and heavy to light ratios calculated based on peptide ion peak areas, from which an endogenous AFP concentration of 2.3±0.6 ng/mL was determined in normal serum; this is consistent with previous reports using radioimmunoassay methods. The present immuno-MS workflow could apply to the detection and quantitation of other low-abundance biofluid biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Takahata
- Biomolecule Analysis Group, Medical ProteoScope Co., Ltd., Yokohama Kanazawa High-Tech Center Techno Core, 1–1–1 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236–0004, Japan
| | - Misato Hara
- Tamagawa Seiki Co., Ltd., 1879 Ohyasumi, Iida, Nagano 395–8515, Japan
| | - Kouhei Nishino
- Biomolecule Analysis Group, Medical ProteoScope Co., Ltd., Yokohama Kanazawa High-Tech Center Techno Core, 1–1–1 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236–0004, Japan
| | - Takao Kawakami
- Biomolecule Analysis Group, Medical ProteoScope Co., Ltd., Yokohama Kanazawa High-Tech Center Techno Core, 1–1–1 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236–0004, Japan
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Daif A, Al-Azzawi MA, Sakr MA, Ismail HA, Gadallah M. Noninvasive identification of molecular biomarkers of hepatocellular carcinoma in HCV-Egyptian patients. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2023; 35:11. [PMID: 37121922 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-023-00170-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was performed to investigate the expression of different biomarkers in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma and its connection with detective biomarkers. To achieve this objective, seventy subjects were examined in this study, sub-grouped to forty HCC patients and thirty HCV-affected patients with matched thirty healthy individuals. The study involved several groups of participants who were matched based on their age and gender. METHODS The expression pattern of biomarkers was monitored by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Finally, we utilized a ROC curve to investigate the predictive accurateness of those distinct biomarkers as well as a traditional tumor marker, AFP, in detecting HCC cases. RESULTS The baseline biomarker expression levels were markedly greater in HCC patients than in those affected by HCV or healthy subjects. We stated that the sensitivity and the specificity of the different biomarkers alone did not improve than that of AFP alone. When comparing AFP with different biomarkers, the diagnostic validity improves only when combining with CK-1. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our results indicate that CK-1 mRNA expression could help as a noninvasive tumor biomarker for HCC prognosis and diagnosis when combining with AFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Daif
- Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mahmood A Al-Azzawi
- Department of Forensic Science, College of Science, AlKarkh University of Science, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Moustafa A Sakr
- Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt.
| | - Hisham A Ismail
- Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Gadallah
- Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
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An S, Zhan X, Liu M, Li L, Wu J. Diagnostic and Prognostic Nomograms for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on PIVKA-II and Serum Biomarkers. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13081442. [PMID: 37189543 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13081442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the present study was to develop an improved diagnostic and prognostic model for HBV-associated HCC by combining AFP with PIVKA-II and other potential serum/plasma protein biomarkers. METHODS A total of 578 patients, including 352 patients with HBV-related HCC, 102 patients with HBV-associated liver cirrhosis (LC), 124 patients with chronic HBV, and 127 healthy subjects (HS), were enrolled in the study. The serum levels of AFP, PIVKA-II, and other laboratory parameters were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression and Cox regression analyses were performed to identify independent diagnostic and prognostic factors, respectively. The diagnostic efficacy of the nomogram was evaluated using receiver operator curve (ROC) analysis and the prognostic performance was measured by Harrell's concordance index (C-index). RESULTS AFP and PIVKA-II levels were significantly increased in HBV-related HCC, compared with those in HBV-associated LC and chronic HBV participants (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively). The diagnostic nomogram, which included age, gender, AFP, PIVKA-II, prothrombin time (PT), and total protein (TP), discriminated patients with HBV-HCC from those with HBV-LC or chronic HBV with an AUC of 0.970. In addition, based on the univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis, PIVKA-II, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, and albumin were found to be significantly associated with the prognosis of HBV-related HCC and were incorporated into a nomogram. The C-index of the nomogram for predicting 3-year survival in the training and validation groups was 0.75 and 0.78, respectively. The calibration curves for the probability of 3-year OS showed good agreement between the nomogram prediction and the actual observation in the training and the validation groups. Furthermore, the nomogram had a higher C-index (0.74) than that of the Child-Pugh grade (0.62), the albumin-bilirubin (ALBI) score (0.64), and Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (0.56) in all follow-up cases. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the nomograms based on AFP, PIVKA-II, and potential serum protein biomarkers showed a better performance in the diagnosis and prognosis of HCC, which may help to guide therapeutic strategies and assess the prognosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu An
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Laisheng Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Center of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
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Muranaka M, Takamatsu S, Ouchida T, Kanazawa Y, Kondo J, Nakagawa T, Egashira Y, Fukagawa K, Gu J, Okamoto T, Kamada Y, Miyoshi E. Vesicular Integral-Membrane Protein 36 Is Involved in the Selective Secretion of Fucosylated Proteins into Bile Duct-like Structures in HepG2 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087037. [PMID: 37108200 PMCID: PMC10138374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fucosylated proteins are widely used as biomarkers of cancer and inflammation. Fucosylated alpha-fetoprotein (AFP-L3) is a specific biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma. We previously showed that increases in serum AFP-L3 levels depend on increased expression of fucosylation-regulatory genes and abnormal transport of fucosylated proteins in cancer cells. In normal hepatocytes, fucosylated proteins are selectively secreted in the bile duct but not blood. In cases of cancer cells without cellular polarity, this selective secretion system is destroyed. Here, we aimed to identify cargo proteins involved in the selective secretion of fucosylated proteins, such as AFP-L3, into bile duct-like structures in HepG2 hepatoma cells, which have cellular polarity like, in part, normal hepatocytes. α1-6 Fucosyltransferase (FUT8) is a key enzyme to synthesize core fucose and produce AFP-L3. Firstly, we knocked out the FUT8 gene in HepG2 cells and investigated the effects on the secretion of AFP-L3. AFP-L3 accumulated in bile duct-like structures in HepG2 cells, and this phenomenon was diminished by FUT8 knockout, suggesting that HepG2 cells have cargo proteins for AFP-L3. To identify cargo proteins involved in the secretion of fucosylated proteins in HepG2 cells, immunoprecipitation and the proteomic Strep-tag system experiments followed by mass spectrometry analyses were performed. As a result of proteomic analysis, seven kinds of lectin-like molecules were identified, and we selected vesicular integral membrane protein gene VIP36 as a candidate of the cargo protein that interacts with the α1-6 fucosylation (core fucose) on N-glycan according to bibliographical consideration. Expectedly, the knockout of the VIP36 gene in HepG2 cells suppressed the secretion of AFP-L3 and other fucosylated proteins, such as fucosylated alpha-1 antitrypsin, into bile duct-like structures. We propose that VIP36 could be a cargo protein involved in the apical secretion of fucosylated proteins in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Muranaka
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinji Takamatsu
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsunenori Ouchida
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuri Kanazawa
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Jumpei Kondo
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Nakagawa
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Toubetsu-cho, Ishikari-gun 061-0293, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuriko Egashira
- Bio-Diagnostic Reagent Technology Center, Sysmex Corporation, 4-3-2 Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2271, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Koji Fukagawa
- Bio-Diagnostic Reagent Technology Center, Sysmex Corporation, 4-3-2 Takatsukadai, Nishi-ku, Kobe 651-2271, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Jianguo Gu
- Division of Regulatory Glycobiology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 4-4-1 Komatsushima, Aobaku, Sendai 981-8558, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Toru Okamoto
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kamada
- Department of Advanced Metabolic Hepatology, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
| | - Eiji Miyoshi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Clinical Investigation, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-7 Yamada-oka, Suita 565-0871, Osaka, Japan
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Alcaráz LP, Pereira PVS, Oliveira TA, Correia LFL, Vasconcelos EM, Brandão FZ, Souza-Fabjan JMG. Effect of the addition of antifreeze protein type I on the quality of post-thawed domestic cat epididymal sperm. ZYGOTE 2023;:1-6. [PMID: 36919856 DOI: 10.1017/S0967199422000521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Cryopreservation of domestic cat semen is mainly performed as a model for the establishment of endangered wild feline protocols. The supplementation of antifreeze protein type I (AFP I) to cryopreservation medium has shown improvement in frozen-thawed sperm quality in other species, but its effect on cat semen has not yet been tested. This study aimed to assess the addition of AFP I to cryopreservation medium in domestic cats. Sperm was obtained from the cauda epididymis of orchiectomized cats; sperm was then pooled in Tris buffer and allocated into three treatments, according to AFP I final concentration: 0 (control), 0.1, and 0.5 µg/ml. Nine replicates were cryopreserved in a two-step protocol and subsequently thawed at 37°C for 30 s. There was no difference (P > 0.05) among the control, 0.1 and 0.5 µg/ml groups for parameters such as motility, vitality, functional membrane integrity, mature chromatin, normal morphology, and sperm binding to egg perivitelline membrane. In the 0.5 μg/ml group only, percentages of live sperm with intact acrosome and of sperm with most inactive mitochondria (DAB III) showed a significant reduction, along with a tendency (P = 0.053) to an increase in the percentage of sperm with most active mitochondria (DAB II). In conclusion, the supplementation of 0.1 and 0.5 µg/ml of AFP I did not promote consistent beneficial effects on the overall sperm cryotolerance in domestic cats.
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Liu L, Wang H, Sulemana H, Xie B, Gao L. Detection of Alpha Fetoprotein Based on AIEgen Nanosphere Labeled Aptamer Combined with Sandwich Structure of Magnetic Gold Nanocomposites. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:351. [PMID: 36979562 PMCID: PMC10046738 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As a biomarker, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is valuable for detecting some tumors in men, non-pregnant women, and children. However, the detection sensitivity in some methods needs to be improved. Therefore, developing a simple, reliable, and sensitive detection method for AFP is important for non-malignant diseases. An aptamer binding was developed based on aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) nanosphere labeled with Fe3O4@MPTMS@AuNPs. AFP was detected with a sandwich structure of AuNPs magnetic composite particles. An aggregation-induced emission (AIE) molecule and polystyrene (PS) nanosphere complex were assembled, enhancing the fluorescence and improving the sensitivity of detection. The limit of detection (LOD) was at a given level of 1.429 pg/mL, which can best be achieved in serum samples. Finally, the results obtained showed the complex to be promising in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Kidney Transplantation, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Huixing Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Husseini Sulemana
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Bing Xie
- The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212001, China
| | - Li Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
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El Sadda RR, Elshahawy ZR, Saad EA. Biochemical and pathophysiological improvements in rats with thioacetamide induced-hepatocellular carcinoma using aspirin plus vitamin C. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:175. [PMID: 36809998 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10644-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death, so we should be concerned and look for effective/less-harmful treatments than chemotherapeutics already clinically in application. Aspirin works well ''in conjunction'' with other therapies for HCC since aspirin can boost the sensitivity of anti-cancer activity. Vitamin C also was shown to have antitumor effects. In this study, we examined the anti-HCC activities of synergistic combination (aspirin and vitamin C) vs. doxorubicin on HCC-bearing rats and hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG-2) cells. METHODS In vitro, we evaluated IC50 and selectivity index (SI) using HepG-2 and human lung fibroblast (WI-38) cell lines. In vivo, four rat groups were used: Normal, HCC (intraperitoneally (i.p.) administered 200 mg thioacetamide/kg/twice a week), HCC + DOXO (HCC-bearing rats i.p. administered 0.72 mg doxorubicin (DOXO)/rat/once a week), and HCC + Aspirin + Vit. C (i.p. administered vitamin C (Vit. C) 4 g/kg/day after day concomitant with aspirin 60 mg/kg/orally day after day). We evaluated biochemical factors [aminotransferases (ALT and AST), albumin, and bilirubin (TBIL) spectrophotometrically, caspase 8 (CASP8), p53, Bcl2 associated X protein (BAX), caspase 3 (CASP3), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), cancer antigen 19.9 (CA19.9), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) using ELISA], and liver histopathologically. RESULTS HCC induction was accompanied by significant time-dependent elevations in all measured biochemical parameters except the p53 level significantly declined. Liver tissue architecture organization appeared disturbed with cellular infiltration, trabeculae, fibrosis, and neovascularization. Following drug medication, all biochemical levels significantly reversed toward normal, with fewer signs of carcinogenicity in liver tissues. Compared to doxorubicin, aspirin & vitamin C therapy ameliorations were more appreciated. In vitro, combination therapy (aspirin & vitamin C) exhibited potent cytotoxicity (HepG-2 IC50 of 17.41 ± 1.4 µg/mL) and more excellent safety with a SI of 3.663. CONCLUSIONS Based on our results, aspirin plus vitamin C can be considered reliable, accessible, and efficient synergistic anti-HCC medication.
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