1
|
Madkour FA, Choudhary OP, Kandyel RM. Preen gland of the laughing dove (Streptopelia senegalensis aegyptiaca): Light and electron microscopic analysis. Microsc Res Tech 2023; 86:1298-1308. [PMID: 36916217 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
This work reviews the microscopic anatomy of the preen gland in laughing dove (Streptopelia senegalensis aegyptiaca) using light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopes. The gland possessed two large pea-shaped lobes. The glandular lobules of each lobe were huddled in elliptical, triangle, round shapes, connected with each other by strands of connective tissue septae. The lobule was composed of glandular follicles, each follicle folded and enclosed by a sheath of connective tissue connected with the neighboring ones by interfollicular septae. The gland's parenchyma was coated with a dense connective tissue capsule composed of collagen, elastic, and reticular fibers. The secretory tubules were divided into peripheral tubules and central tubules. The central ones were located close to the major cavity and lined with thin epithelium, whereas the peripheral tubules were adjacent to the capsule and characterized by taller epithelium. The central secretory tubules were lined with four cell layers: flattened basal, large-sized polyhedral intermediate, and secretory cell layers, as well as a degenerative cells layer that formed of small cells with pale cytoplasm and pyknotic nuclei. Variable sizes and shapes of Herbst corpuscles were detected alongside the papillary duct and near the glandular lobe. Transmission electron microscopy view revealed that the cytoplasm of the intermediate cells contained a dense population of mitochondria, while the secretory and degenerative cells contained fewer mitochondria. In conclusion, these structures will be beneficial for understanding the habitat differences of laughing doves. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS: Grossly, the preen gland (PG) of the laughing dove formed of two large pea-shaped lobes. The glandular lobule was composed of glandular follicles, each follicle was folded and enclosed by a sheath of connective tissue connected with the neighboring ones by interfollicular septae. The central secretory tubules were lined with four cell layers: basal, intermediate, secretory, and degenerative cell layers. Variable sizes and shapes of Herbst corpuscles were detected alongside the papillary duct and near the glandular lobe of the PG. In transmission electron microscopic analysis, the cytoplasm of the intermediate cells contained a dense population of mitochondria, while the secretory and degenerative cells contained fewer mitochondria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma A Madkour
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology of Veterinary Medicine, South Valley University, Qena, Egypt
| | - Om Prakash Choudhary
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, College of Veterinary Science, Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University (GADVASU), Rampura Phul, Punjab, India
| | - Ramadan M Kandyel
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bölükbaş F, Öznurlu Y. Determining the effects of in ovo administration of monosodium glutamate on the embryonic development of brain in chickens. Neurotoxicology 2023; 94:87-97. [PMID: 36400230 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a popular flavor enhancer largely used in the food industry. Although numerous studies have reported the neurotoxic effects of MSG on humans and animals, there is limited information about how it affects embryonic brain development. Thus, this study aimed to determine the effects of in ovo administered MSG on embryonic brain development in chickens. For this purpose, 410 fertilized chicken eggs were divided into 5 groups as control, distilled water, 0.12, 0.6 and 1.2 mg/g egg MSG, and injections were performed via the egg yolk. On days 15, 18, and 21 of the incubation period, brain tissue samples were taken from all embryos and chicks. The mortality rates of MSG-treated groups were significantly higher than those of the control and distilled water groups. The MSG-treated groups showed embryonic growth retardation and various structural abnormalities such as abdominal hernia, unilateral anophthalmia, hemorrhage, brain malformation, and the curling of legs and fingers. The relative embryo and body weights of the MSG-treated groups were significantly lower than those of the control group on incubation days 18 and 21. Histopathological evaluations revealed that MSG caused histopathological changes such as necrosis, neuronophagia, and gliosis in brain on incubation days 15, 18, and 21. There was a significant increase in the number of necrotic neurons in the MSG-treated groups compared to the control and distilled water groups in the hyperpallium, optic tectum and hippocampus regions. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) positive cells in brain were found in the hyperpallium, optic tectum, and hippocampus regions; there were more PCNA(+) immunoreactive cells in MSG-treated groups than in control and distilled water groups. In conclusion, it was determined that in ovo MSG administered could adversely affect embryonic growth and development in addition to causing necrosis in the neurons in the developing brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ferhan Bölükbaş
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey.
| | - Yasemin Öznurlu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
RNA-Sequencing Analysis of Gene-Expression Profiles in the Dorsal Gland of Alligator sinensis at Different Time Points of Embryonic and Neonatal Development. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12111787. [DOI: 10.3390/life12111787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Significant advances have been made in the morphological observations of the dorsal gland (DG), an oval organ/tissue which lies on both sides of the dorsal midline of the crocodilian. In the current study, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to identify the changing patterns of Alligator sinesis DGs at different timepoints from the 31st embryonic day (E31) to the newly hatched 1st day (NH1). A comprehensive transcriptional changes of differentially expression gene (DEGs) involved in the melanogenesis, cholesterol metabolism, and cell apoptosis pathways suggested that the DG might serves as a functional secretory gland in formation, transport and deposition of pigment, and lipids secretion via lysosomal exocytosis. Furthermore, the remarkable immunohistochemical staining of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2)-positive signals in the basilar cells, in parallel with the immuno-reactive TdT-mediated dUTP nick-End labeling(TUNEL) within suprabasal cells, provided direct molecular evidence supporting for the speculation that DG serves as a holocrine secretion mode. Finally, subsequent phylogenetic and immunohistochemical analysis for the PITX2, the identified DEGs in the RNA-seq, was helpful to further elucidate the transcriptional regulatory mechanism of candidate genes. In conclusion, the current results are of considerable importance in enriching our understanding of the intrinsic relationship between the skin derivatives and lifestyles of newborn Alligator sinesis.
Collapse
|
4
|
Akat E, Yenmiş M, Pombal MA, Molist P, Megías M, Arman S, Veselỳ M, Anderson R, Ayaz D. Comparison of Vertebrate Skin Structure at Class Level: A Review. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2022; 305:3543-3608. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esra Akat
- Ege University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department Bornova, İzmir Turkey
| | - Melodi Yenmiş
- Ege University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department Bornova, İzmir Turkey
| | - Manuel A. Pombal
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía‐IBIV Vigo, España
| | - Pilar Molist
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía‐IBIV Vigo, España
| | - Manuel Megías
- Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Bioloxía Funcional e Ciencias da Saúde, Facultade de Bioloxía‐IBIV Vigo, España
| | - Sezgi Arman
- Sakarya University, Faculty of Science and Letters, Biology Department Sakarya Turkey
| | - Milan Veselỳ
- Palacky University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology Olomouc Czechia
| | - Rodolfo Anderson
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista São Paulo Brazil
| | - Dinçer Ayaz
- Ege University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department Bornova, İzmir Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Prawira AY, Novelina S, Farida WR, Darusman HS, Warita K, Agungpriyono S, Hosaka YZ. Localization of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) in the sebaceous gland of the dorsal region in the Sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica). J Vet Med Sci 2020; 82:1729-1733. [PMID: 33055467 PMCID: PMC7804037 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.20-0412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP-1) was believed to be an exclusive protein found in the brown adipose tissue of small rodents and humans; however, recent studies show that the expression of UCP-1 protein has been found in the sebaceous glands of the mouse tail and human skin. There are a few reports about the presence of UCP-1 in the sebaceous glands of other rodents, such as the Sunda porcupine (Hystrix javanica), a wild spiny rodent commonly found in Indonesia with a large sebaceous gland. The aim of this study was to identify the presence of UCP-1 in the sebaceous glands on the skin of the Sunda porcupine. The skin from three regions (thoracodorsal, lumbosacral and apex caudal) of eight adult Sunda porcupines was used to detect UCP-1-immunopositive cells through immunohistochemistry. All three regions were found immunopositive to anti-UCP-1 antibody in the sebaceous gland of quill and hair follicles, and the epidermal layer in quill and hair follicles with various intensities. The result of immunohistochemistry revealed that the thoracodorsal and apex caudal region was the most intense immunoreaction followed by the lumbosacral region. These findings proved that the presence of UCP-1 was also identified in the sebaceous glands of other rodent (Hystrix javanica) and regions of the body, which has not been reported previously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andhika Yudha Prawira
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Savitri Novelina
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Wartika Rosa Farida
- Zoology Division, Research Center for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Cibinong 16911, Indonesia
| | - Huda Shalahudin Darusman
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia.,Primate Research Center, IPB University, Bogor 16151, Indonesia
| | - Katsuhiko Warita
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553 Japan
| | - Srihadi Agungpriyono
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, IPB University, Bogor 16680, Indonesia
| | - Yoshinao Z Hosaka
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, Tottori 680-8553 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Nacif-Pimenta R, Pinto LC, Volfova V, Volf P, Pimenta PFP, Secundino NFC. Conserved and distinct morphological aspects of the salivary glands of sand fly vectors of leishmaniasis: an anatomical and ultrastructural study. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:441. [PMID: 32883363 PMCID: PMC7469427 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04311-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Sand flies are vectors of Leishmania spp., the causative agents of leishmaniasis in vertebrates, including man. The sand fly saliva contains powerful pharmacologically active substances that prevent hemostasis and enhance Leishmania spp. infections. On the other hand, salivary proteins can protect vaccinated mice challenged with parasites. Therefore, sand fly salivary proteins are relevant for the epidemiology of leishmaniasis and can be a potential target for a vaccine against leishmaniasis. Despite this, studies on sand fly salivary glands (SGs) are limited. Methods The present study analyzes, in detail, the morphology, anatomy and ultrastructure of the SGs of sand fly vectors of the genera Lutzomyia and Phlebotomus. We used histology, transmission and scanning electron microscopy and lectin labeling associated with confocal laser microscopy. Results The SGs have conserved and distinct morphological aspects according to the distinct sand fly species. Each SG has a single rounded lobe constituting of c.100–120 secretory cells. The SG secretory cells, according to their ultrastructure and lectin binding, were classified into five different subpopulations, which may differ in secretory pathways. Conclusions To the best of our knowledge, these morphological details of sand fly salivary glands are described for the first time. Further studies are necessary to better understand the role of these different cell types and better relate them with the production and secretion of the saliva substances, which has a fundamental role in the interaction of the sand fly vectors with Leishmania.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Nacif-Pimenta
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Institute René Rachou, Foundation Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz-MG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luciana C Pinto
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Institute René Rachou, Foundation Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz-MG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Vera Volfova
- Department of Parasitology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Volf
- Department of Parasitology, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Paulo F P Pimenta
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Institute René Rachou, Foundation Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz-MG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Nagila F C Secundino
- Laboratory of Medical Entomology, Institute René Rachou, Foundation Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz-MG, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hassanin A, Shoeib M, Massoud D. Micro- and macroanatomical features of the uropygial gland of duck ( Anas platyrhynchos) and pigeon ( Columba livia). Biotech Histochem 2020; 96:213-222. [PMID: 32603233 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1782990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the morphological, histological and histochemical characteristics of the uropygial gland of the duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and pigeon (Columba livia). The weight and dimensions of the glands were recorded. The gland openings onto the papilla in ducks were surrounded by double tufts of downy feathers; the tufts were held together by an oily secretion. In the pigeon, the gland opening was onto naked skin. Samples for light and transmission electron microscopy were obtained from adult birds. Gland morphometry of the duck showed greater dimensions and relative gland weight than the pigeon. In both species the gland was lined by stratified epithelium, packed with secretary tubules and filled with oil droplets that were discharged into a central cavity. In the pigeon, the gland was branched and alveolar with a wide central lumen, whereas in the duck it was simple and branched tubular. Ultrastructural analysis of both species revealed that the fat globules tended to condense in the peripheral layers of the secretory and degenerative cells, and the nuclei exhibited pyknosis, which suggest the holocrine nature of the gland. Morphometric and histological analysis of the gland showed that the architecture is similar among birds; however, some species-specific differences suggest a functional correlation with the habitat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amin Hassanin
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Shoeib
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Diaa Massoud
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakakah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zouboulis CC. Further Evidence of Sebaceous Differentiation Uniqueness: Holocrine Secretion of Sebocytes Is a Multistep, Cell-Specific Lysosomal DNase2-Mediated Mode of Programmed Cell Death. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 137:537-539. [PMID: 28235441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Holocrine secretion by sebocytes does not occur via increased cell volume, but rather from programmed DNA fragmentation and death, which differs from apoptosis. Moreover, it can be enhanced with increased rates of induced terminal sebocyte differentiation. Fischer et al. address the mode of holocrine sebocyte secretion, and they demonstrate that its mechanism differs from that of apoptosis, necroptosis, and cornification, being a multistep, cell-specific lysosomal DNase2-mediated mode of programmed cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christos C Zouboulis
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, Allergology and Immunology, Dessau Medical Center, Dessau, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Joo NS, Evans IAT, Cho HJ, Park IH, Engelhardt JF, Wine JJ. Proteomic analysis of pure human airway gland mucus reveals a large component of protective proteins. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116756. [PMID: 25706550 PMCID: PMC4338240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Airway submucosal glands contribute to innate immunity and protect the lungs by secreting mucus, which is required for mucociliary clearance and which also contains antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-proteolytic and anti-oxidant proteins. We stimulated glands in tracheal trimmings from three lung donors and collected droplets of uncontaminated mucus as they formed at the gland orifices under an oil layer. We analyzed the mucus using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Analysis identified 5486 peptides and 441 proteins from across the 3 samples (269-319 proteins per subject). We focused on 269 proteins common to at least 2 0f 3 subjects, of which 102 (38%) had protective or innate immunity functions. While many of these have long been known to play such roles, for many others their cellular protective functions have only recently been appreciated in addition to their well-studied biologic functions (e.g. annexins, apolipoproteins, gelsolin, hemoglobin, histones, keratins, and lumican). A minority of the identified proteins are known to be secreted via conventional exocytosis, suggesting that glandular secretion occurs via multiple mechanisms. Two of the observed protective proteins, major vault protein and prohibitin, have not been observed in fluid from human epithelial cultures or in fluid from nasal or bronchoalveolar lavage. Further proteomic analysis of pure gland mucus may help clarify how healthy airways maintain a sterile environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nam Soo Joo
- The Cystic Fibrosis Research Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Idil Apak T. Evans
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States of America
| | - Hyung-Ju Cho
- The Cystic Fibrosis Research Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
| | - Il-Ho Park
- The Cystic Fibrosis Research Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
| | - John F. Engelhardt
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey J. Wine
- The Cystic Fibrosis Research Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|