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Wei X, Cooper DML. The various meanings and uses of bone "remodeling" in biological anthropology: A review. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2023; 182:318-329. [PMID: 37515465 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In modern bone biology, the term "remodeling" generally refers to internal bone turnover that creates secondary osteons. However, it is also widely used by skeletal biologists, including biological anthropologists as a catch-all term to refer to different skeletal changes. In this review, we investigated how "remodeling" is used across topics on skeletal biology in biological anthropology to demonstrate potential problems with such pervasive use of a generalized term. METHODS Using PubMed and Google Scholar, we selected and reviewed 205 articles that use the term remodeling to describe skeletal processes and have anthropological implications. Nine edited volumes were also reviewed as examples of collaborative work by different experts to demonstrate the diverse and extensive use of the term remodeling. RESULTS Four general meanings of bone "remodeling" were identified, namely, internal turnover, functional adaptation, fracture repair, and growth remodeling. Additionally, remodeling is also used to refer to a broad array of pathological skeletal changes. DISCUSSION Although we initially identified four general meanings of bone remodeling, they are not mutually exclusive and often occur in combination. The term "remodeling" has become an extensively used catch-all term to refer to different processes and outcomes of skeletal changes, which inevitably lead to misunderstanding and a loss of information. Such ambiguity and confusion are potentially problematic as the field of biological anthropology becomes increasingly multidisciplinary. Therefore, we advocate for precise, context-specific definitions and explanations of bone remodeling as it continues to be used across disciplines within and beyond biological anthropology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wei
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - David M L Cooper
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Walker MM, Oxenham MF, Vlok M, Matsumura H, Thi Mai Huong N, Trinh HH, Minh TT, Miszkiewicz JJ. Human femur morphology and histology variation with ancestry and behaviour in an ancient sample from Vietnam. Ann Anat 2023; 247:152054. [PMID: 36696927 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2023.152054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a genetic component to the minimum effective strain (MES)-a threshold which determines when bone will adapt to function-which suggests ancestry should play a role in bone (re)modelling. Further elucidating this is difficult in living human populations because of the high global genetic admixture. We examined femora from an anthropological skeletal assemblage (Mán Bạc, Vietnam) representing distinct ancestral groups. We tested whether femur morphological and histological markers of modelling and remodelling differed between ancestries despite their similar lifestyles. METHODS Static histomorphometry data collected from subperiosteal cortical bone of the femoral midshaft, and gross morphometric measures of femur robusticity, were studied in 17 individuals from the Mán Bạc collection dated to 1906-1523 cal. BC. This assemblage represents agricultural migrants with affinity to East Asian groups, who integrated with the local hunter-gatherers with affinity to Australo-Papuan groups during the mid-Holocene. Femur robusticity and histology data were compared between groups of 'Migrant' (n = 8), 'Admixed' (n = 4), and 'Local' (n = 5). RESULTS Local individuals had more robust femoral diaphyses with greater secondary osteon densities, and relatively large secondary osteon and Haversian canal parameters than the migrants. The Migrant group showed gracile femoral shafts with the least dense bone made up of small secondary osteons and Haversian canals. The Admixed individuals fell between the Migrant and Local categories in terms of their femoral data. However, we also found that measures of how densely bone is remodelled per unit area were in a tight range across all three ancestries. CONCLUSIONS Bone modelling and remodelling markers varied with ancestral histories in our sample. This suggests that there is an ancestry related predisposition to bone optimising its metabolic expenditure likely in relation to the MES. Our results stress the need to incorporate population genetic history into hierarchical bone analyses. Understanding ancestry effects on bone morphology has implications for interpreting biomechanical loading history in past and modern human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meg M Walker
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, 0200 Canberra, ACT, Australia.
| | - Marc F Oxenham
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, 0200 Canberra, ACT, Australia; Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, AB24 3FX Aberdeen, UK
| | - Melandri Vlok
- Sydney Southeast Asia Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2050, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Nguyen Thi Mai Huong
- Anthropological and Palaeoenvironmental Department, The Institute of Archaeology of Vietnam, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hoang Hiep Trinh
- Institute of Archaeology, Vietnam Academy of Social Science, 61 Phan Chu Trinh, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Tran T Minh
- Anthropological and Palaeoenvironmental Department, The Institute of Archaeology of Vietnam, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Justyna J Miszkiewicz
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, 0200 Canberra, ACT, Australia; School of Social Science, University of Queensland, 4072 St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
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Miszkiewicz JJ, Buckley HR, Feldman M, Kiko L, Carlhoff S, Naegele K, Bertolini E, Guimarães NRD, Walker MM, Powell A, Posth C, Kinaston RL. Female bone physiology resilience in a past Polynesian Outlier community. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18857. [PMID: 36344562 PMCID: PMC9640697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Remodelling is a fundamental biological process involved in the maintenance of bone physiology and function. We know that a range of health and lifestyle factors can impact this process in living and past societies, but there is a notable gap in bone remodelling data for populations from the Pacific Islands. We conducted the first examination of femoral cortical histology in 69 individuals from ca. 440-150 BP Taumako in Solomon Islands, a remote 'Polynesian Outlier' island in Melanesia. We tested whether bone remodelling indicators differed between age groups, and biological sex validated using ancient DNA. Bone vascular canal and osteon size, vascular porosity, and localised osteon densities, corrected by femoral robusticity indices were examined. Females had statistically significantly higher vascular porosities when compared to males, but osteon densities and ratios of canal-osteon (~ 8%) did not differ between the sexes. Our results indicate that, compared to males, localised femoral bone tissue of the Taumako females did not drastically decline with age, contrary to what is often observed in modern populations. However, our results match findings in other archaeological samples-a testament to past female bone physiology resilience, also now observed in the Pacific region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna J. Miszkiewicz
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia ,grid.1003.20000 0000 9320 7537School of Social Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Hallie R. Buckley
- grid.29980.3a0000 0004 1936 7830Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Michal Feldman
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics Group, Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.419518.00000 0001 2159 1813Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Lawrence Kiko
- The Solomon Islands National Museum, Honiara, Solomon Islands
| | - Selina Carlhoff
- grid.419518.00000 0001 2159 1813Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kathrin Naegele
- grid.419518.00000 0001 2159 1813Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Emilie Bertolini
- grid.469873.70000 0004 4914 1197Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, Germany
| | - Nathalia R. Dias Guimarães
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Meg M. Walker
- grid.1001.00000 0001 2180 7477School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Adam Powell
- grid.419518.00000 0001 2159 1813Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Cosimo Posth
- grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Archaeo- and Palaeogenetics Group, Institute for Archaeological Sciences, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany ,grid.419518.00000 0001 2159 1813Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rebecca L. Kinaston
- grid.29980.3a0000 0004 1936 7830Department of Anatomy, Otago School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand ,grid.1022.10000 0004 0437 5432Centre for Social and Cultural Research, Griffith University, Southport, QLD Australia ,BioArch South, Waitati, New Zealand
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Estimation of Age-at-Death Using Cortical Bone Histomorphometry of the Rib and Femur: A Validation Study on a British Population. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11111615. [DOI: 10.3390/biology11111615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Histomorphometry constitutes a valuable tool for age estimation. Histological interpopulation variability has been shown to affect the accuracy of age estimation techniques and therefore validation studies are required to test the accuracy of the pre-existing methodologies. The present research constitutes a validation study of widely known histological methods on the sixth rib and the femoral midshaft of a 19th century British population originating from Blackburn, England. An evaluation of the histomorphometric features of eleven ribs and five femora was performed and used to test the accuracy of selected methods. Results indicated that osteon area and circularity were the only histomorphometric variables that presented significant interpopulation variability. Cho et al.’s method for the ribs and the average value produced using Kerley and Ubelaker’s method for intact osteon and percentage of lamellar bone equations for femur were considered the only reliable markers for estimating the age on the Blackburn sample. In the case of old individuals, Goliath et al.’s method provided more satisfactory results. Overall, the present study provides evidence on the applicability of the aging histomorphometric methods on a British sample and highlights the limitations of applying histomorphometric methods developed on different reference populations than the one under investigation.
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Michael AR, Blatt SH, Isa M, Redgrave A, Ubelaker DH. Identification of a decedent in a 103-year-old homicide case using forensic anthropology and genetic genealogy. Forensic Sci Res 2022; 7:412-426. [DOI: 10.1080/20961790.2022.2034717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amy R. Michael
- Department of Anthropology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Samantha H. Blatt
- Department of Anthropology, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA
| | - Mariyam Isa
- Department of Anthropology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | | | - Douglas H. Ubelaker
- Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
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Cooke KM, Mahoney P, Miszkiewicz JJ. Secondary osteon variants and remodeling in human bone. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2021; 305:1299-1315. [PMID: 33890727 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Histomorphometric analysis of human cortical bone has documented the occurrence of secondary osteon variants. These include drifting osteons which form tails as they move erratically through the cortex and Type II osteons which show partial resorption and redeposition within the cement line of the osteon. Little is known about the biological significance of these variants. Prior studies suggested correlations with age, biomechanics, diet, and mineral homeostasis. No study has yet tested for osteon variant associations with static measures of bone remodeling. In this study, thin sections (n = 112) of the posterior femur representing a late English Medieval adult human osteological collection, subdivided by age, sex, and socio-economic status, were examined to determine whether remodeling indicators reconstructed from osteon parameters (area, diameter, area ratios) and densities differed between categories of presence or absence of Type II and drifting osteon variants. Of the 112 sections, 33 presented with Type II osteons, and 38 had drifting osteons. Sporadic statistically significant results were identified. Haversian canal:osteon area ratio differed (p = 0.017) with Type II osteon presence, Type II osteons were more prevalent in males than females (p = 0.048), and drifting osteons were associated with smaller osteon (p = 0.049) and Haversian canal area (p = 0.05). These results may be explained through some biological (sex) and social (status) processes such as a period of physiological recovery (e.g., following lactation, malnutrition). However, the general lack of consistent relationships between osteon variants and remodeling indicators suggests they occur as a result of natural variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen M Cooke
- Skeletal Biology and Forensic Anthropology Research Group, School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Patrick Mahoney
- Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
| | - Justyna J Miszkiewicz
- Skeletal Biology and Forensic Anthropology Research Group, School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK
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Forager and farmer evolutionary adaptations to malaria evidenced by 7000 years of thalassemia in Southeast Asia. Sci Rep 2021; 11:5677. [PMID: 33707498 PMCID: PMC7952380 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Thalassemias are inherited blood disorders that are found in high prevalences in the Mediterranean, Southeast Asia and the Pacific. These diseases provide varying levels of resistance to malaria and are proposed to have emerged as an adaptive response to malaria in these regions. The transition to agriculture in the Holocene has been suggested to have influenced the selection for thalassemia in the Mediterranean as land clearance for farming encouraged interaction between Anopheles mosquitos, the vectors for malaria, and human groups. Here we document macroscopic and microscopic skeletal evidence for the presence of thalassemia in both hunter-gatherer (Con Co Ngua) and early agricultural (Man Bac) populations in northern Vietnam. Firstly, our findings demonstrate that thalassemia emerged prior to the transition to agriculture in Mainland Southeast Asia, from at least the early seventh millennium BP, contradicting a long-held assumption that agriculture was the main driver for an increase in malaria in Southeast Asia. Secondly, we describe evidence for significant malarial burden in the region during early agriculture. We argue that the introduction of farming into the region was not the initial driver of the selection for thalassemia, as it may have been in other regions of the world.
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Miszkiewicz JJ, Valentin F, Vrahnas C, Sims NA, Vongsvivut J, Tobin MJ, Clark G. Bone loss markers in the earliest Pacific Islanders. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3981. [PMID: 33597553 PMCID: PMC7889909 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Kingdom of Tonga in Polynesia is one of the most obese nations where metabolic conditions, sedentary lifestyles, and poor quality diet are widespread. These factors can lead to poor musculoskeletal health. However, whether metabolic abnormalities such as osteoporosis occurred in archaeological populations of Tonga is unknown. We employed a microscopic investigation of femur samples to establish whether bone loss afflicted humans in this Pacific region approximately 3000 years ago. Histology, laser confocal microscopy, and synchrotron Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy were used to measure bone vascular canal densities, bone porosity, and carbonate and phosphate content of bone composition in eight samples extracted from adult Talasiu males and females dated to 2650 BP. Compared to males, samples from females had fewer vascular canals, lower carbonate and phosphate content, and higher bone porosity. Although both sexes showed evidence of trabecularised cortical bone, it was more widespread in females (35.5%) than males (15.8%). Our data suggest experiences of advanced bone resorption, possibly as a result of osteoporosis. This provides first evidence for microscopic bone loss in a sample of archaeological humans from a Pacific population widely afflicted by metabolic conditions today.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna J Miszkiewicz
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, 44 Linnaeus Way, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Frédérique Valentin
- CNRS, UMR 7041, ArScAn, Ethnologie préhistorique, Maison René-Ginouvès, Archéologie et Ethnologie, 21 Allée de l'Université, 92023, Nanterre Cedex, France.,Archaeology and Natural History, School of Culture History and Language, College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Christina Vrahnas
- Bone Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes Street, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, 3065, Australia.,Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3065, Australia.,MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Natalie A Sims
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3065, Australia.,MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Jitraporn Vongsvivut
- Infrared Microspectroscopy Beamline, ANSTO - Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Mark J Tobin
- Infrared Microspectroscopy Beamline, ANSTO - Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Clark
- Archaeology and Natural History, School of Culture History and Language, College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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Stewart TJ, Louys J, Miszkiewicz JJ. Intra-skeletal vascular density in a bipedal hopping macropod with implications for analyses of rib histology. Anat Sci Int 2021; 96:386-399. [PMID: 33481185 DOI: 10.1007/s12565-020-00601-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Human ribs are thought to be less affected by mechanical strain at the microscopic level than limb bones, implying that rib remodelling better reflects bone physiological homeostasis. Here, we test the hypothesis that rib tissue will be well vascularized and thus enhance susceptibility to metabolic influence. An intra-skeletal comparison of bone vascular canal density was conducted using a macropod animal model adapted to bipedal habitual hopping. The right humerus, ulna, radius, femur, tibia, fibula, a mid-thoracic and upper-thoracic rib of an eastern grey kangaroo (Macropus giganteus) were sectioned at the midshaft, from which histological sections were prepared. Bone vascularity from a maximum of 12 mm2 of sub-periosteal parallel-fibred and lamellar bone was recorded, resulting in a total of 2047 counted vessels. Vascular canal density data were corrected by cortical width, maximum length, and midshaft circumference robusticity indices computed for each bone. The fibula consistently had the highest vascular canal density, even when corrected for maximum length, cortical width and midshaft circumference robusticities. This was followed by the mid- and upper-thoracic ribs. Vascularity differences between bones were relatively consistent whether vascular canal density was controlled for by cortical width or midshaft circumference robusticities. Vascular canal density and robusticity indices were also positively and negatively correlated (p < 0.05). Results confirm that the ribs are well vascularized, which facilitates bone metabolic processes such as remodelling, but the fibula also appears to be a well vascularized bone. Future research investigating human bone metabolism will benefit from examining thoracic rib or fibula samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahlia J Stewart
- Skeletal Biology and Forensic Anthropology Research Group, School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Julien Louys
- Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Environmental Futures Research Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Justyna J Miszkiewicz
- Skeletal Biology and Forensic Anthropology Research Group, School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Maggiano IS, Maggiano CM, Cooper DML. Osteon circularity and longitudinal morphology: Quantitative and qualitative three-dimensional perspectives on human Haversian systems. Micron 2021; 140:102955. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2020.102955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Miszkiewicz JJ, Rider C, Kealy S, Vrahnas C, Sims NA, Vongsvivut J, Tobin MJ, Bolunia MJLA, De Leon AS, Peñalosa AL, Pagulayan PS, Soriano AV, Page R, Oxenham MF. Asymmetric midshaft femur remodeling in an adult male with left sided hip joint ankylosis, Metal Period Nagsabaran, Philippines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PALEOPATHOLOGY 2020; 31:14-22. [PMID: 32877865 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study investigated microstructural changes of the right and left midshaft femur in an archaeological individual afflicted with left-sided hip joint ankylosis to assess whether increased cortical porosity was present as a result of leg disuse. MATERIALS The individual is a middle-aged adult male excavated from the Metal Period (∼2000 BP) Nagsabaran, Luzon Island, Philippines. METHODS Following standard examination of femur gross anatomy and differential diagnosis of the hip joint fusion, ∼1 cm thick posterior midshaft femur samples were removed for microstructural examination. Using static histomorphometry, bone multi-cellular unit activity from Haversian canal (vascular pore) density, area, and circularity was reconstructed. Spatial positioning of Haversian canals was mapped using Geographic Information Systems software. Phosphate, carbonate, and carbonate:phosphate ratios were obtained using synchrotron-sourced Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. RESULTS The left femur had greater cortical pore density, with smaller and rounder vascular canals, in addition to lower matrix levels of phosphate and carbonate, when compared to the right femur. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate compromised bone tissue in the left femur, and conform to expected bone functional adaptation paradigms of remodeling responses to pathological and biomechanical changes. SIGNIFICANCE The preservation of this individual's hip abnormality created a unique opportunity to evaluate intra-skeletal bone health asymmetry, which may help other researchers evaluate the presence of limb disuse in archaeological samples. LIMITATIONS A lack of lower limb data limits our interpretations to femur remodeling only. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Future research efforts should aim to examine the presence of remodeling changes in all bones of the lower limb. LAYUNIN Gamit ang buto ng magkabilang pemur ng isang taong natagpuan sa isang archaeological site na may sakit na ankylosis sa kaliwang balakang, pinag-aralan ang iba't-ibang microstructures galing sa gitnang bahagi o midshaft ng pemur upang malaman kung may makikitang mataas na cortical porosity ang buto dahil hindi ito malimit gamitin. GAMIT Ang pinag-aaralang buto ay galing sa isang indibidwal na tinatayang middle-age na lalaki na namuhay noong Panahon ng Metal (∼2000 BP) sa Nagsabaran, Cagayan, Republika ng Pilipinas. PAMAMARAAN Matapos ang unang pagkilatis sa femur at ang pagkilala ng sakit sa balakang, kumuha ng ∼1 sentimetro ng buto galing sa midshaft ng pemur upang lalong mapag-aralan ang kanyang microstructure. Gamit ang static histomorphometry, napag-aralan ang mga naiwang bakas ng multi-cellular unit activity ayon sa kapal, laki at pagkakabilog ng Haversian canal (vascular pore). Gumamit din ng Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software upang mapag-aralan ang kaugnayan ng posisyon ng Haversian canal. Panghuli, gumamit din ng synchroton-sourced Fourier transform infrared (sFTIR) microspectroscopy upang makuha ang bilang ng phosphate, carbonate, at carbonate:phosphate ratio. RESULTA Napag-alaman na ang kaliwang pemur ay mayroong higit na maraming cortical pores, maliit at mabilog na vascular canals, at mababang bilang ng phosphate, carbonate kung ihahambing sa kanang pemur. KONKLUSYON Ayon sa aming datos, ang kaliwang pemur ay umaayon sa mga katangian ng isang butong may sakit. Sumunod din ito sa inaasahang bone functional adaptation paradigms of remodeling ng buto dahil may sakit at hindi nagamit. KAHALAGAHAN Dahil maganda ang pagkakalibing ng buto ng balakang, nagkaroon ng pagkakataong makilatis ang kalusugan ng sinaunang-tao sa pamamagitan ng pag-aaral ng kalusugan ng buto. Dagdag pa, makakatulong din ito upang malaman kung ibang mananaliksik ang pag-aaral ng ibang butong hindi nagagamit mula sa archaeological site. LIMITASYON Dahil walang nakuhang ibang buto mula sa binti at paa, ang pemur lang ang naimbestigahan. MUNGKAHI PARA SA MGA SUSUNOD NA PAG-AARAL Kung magkakaroon ng pagkakataon sa susunod, dapat maimbistigahan ang lahat ng buto ng binti (lower limb).
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna J Miszkiewicz
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, 44 Linnaeus Way, Canberra, ACT, 2601 Australia.
| | - Claire Rider
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, 44 Linnaeus Way, Canberra, ACT, 2601 Australia
| | - Shimona Kealy
- School of Culture, History, and Language, Archaeology and Natural History, College of Asia and the Pacific, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia
| | - Christina Vrahnas
- Bone Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes Street, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3065, Australia; MRC Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, James Black Centre, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie A Sims
- Bone Biology and Disease Unit, St. Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes Street, Fitzroy, Melbourne, VIC, 3065, Australia; Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, 3065, Australia
| | - Jitraporn Vongsvivut
- Infrared Microspectroscopy (IRM) Beamline, ANSTO - Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Mark J Tobin
- Infrared Microspectroscopy (IRM) Beamline, ANSTO - Australian Synchrotron, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | | | - Alexandra S De Leon
- Archaeology Division, National Museum of the Philippines, P. Burgos St., Manila, 1000, Philippines
| | - Antonio L Peñalosa
- Archaeology Division, National Museum of the Philippines, P. Burgos St., Manila, 1000, Philippines
| | - Pablo S Pagulayan
- Archaeology Division, National Museum of the Philippines, P. Burgos St., Manila, 1000, Philippines
| | - Adan V Soriano
- Archaeology Division, National Museum of the Philippines, P. Burgos St., Manila, 1000, Philippines
| | - Ruth Page
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, 44 Linnaeus Way, Canberra, ACT, 2601 Australia
| | - Marc F Oxenham
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, 44 Linnaeus Way, Canberra, ACT, 2601 Australia; Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, St. Mary's, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen, AB24 3UF, Scotland, United Kingdom
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12
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Miszkiewicz JJ. The importance of open access software in the analysis of bone histology in biological anthropology. Evol Anthropol 2020; 29:165-167. [PMID: 32749050 DOI: 10.1002/evan.21859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna J Miszkiewicz
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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13
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Zedda M, Sathe V, Chakraborty P, Palombo MR, Farina V. A first comparison of bone histomorphometry in extant domestic horses (Equus caballus) and a Pleistocene Indian wild horse (Equus namadicus). Integr Zool 2020; 15:448-460. [PMID: 32297705 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The microstructural features of the tissue of long bones subjected to different biomechanical stresses could be a helpful tool for a better understanding of locomotor behavior in extant and extinct mammals, including equids. However, few researches have attempted to describe the bone tissue of extinct horses. In our study, we analyze and compare the histomorphometric features of the bone tissue in extant modern horses, Equus caballus, and Equus namadicus, a Pleistocene Indian extinct wild horse. The number, position, and size of the osteons and Haversian canals of the bone tissue, classifiable as dense Haversian tissue, were considered for the comparison. The results obtained highlight some differences between the analyzed species, E. caballus having fewer and bigger osteons than E. namadicus. The microstructural differences may depend on the different lifestyles and environmental conditions characterizing the two species. The results obtained suggest that comparing the biomechanical properties of extinct and modern horse species may provide indirect information on their paleoenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Zedda
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Italy
| | - Vijay Sathe
- Department of AIHC & Archaeology, Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Prateek Chakraborty
- Department of AIHC & Archaeology, Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute, Pune, India
| | - Maria Rita Palombo
- CNR-IGAG, c/o Department of Earth Sciences, Sapienza University, Roma, Italy
| | - Vittorio Farina
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Italy
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14
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Miszkiewicz JJ, Louys J, O'Connor S. Microanatomical Record of Cortical Bone Remodeling and High Vascularity in a Fossil Giant Rat Midshaft Femur. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 302:1934-1940. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.24224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna J. Miszkiewicz
- School of Archaeology and Anthropology, College of Arts and Social Sciences Australian National University Canberra Australia
| | - Julien Louys
- Australian Research Centre for Human Evolution, Environmental Futures Research Institute Griffith University Brisbane Australia
| | - Sue O'Connor
- Archaeology and Natural History, College of Asia and the Pacific Australian National University Canberra Australia
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15
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16
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Pitfield R, Deter C, Mahoney P. Bone histomorphometric measures of physical activity in children from medieval England. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2019; 169:730-746. [DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.23853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Pitfield
- Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of Kent Canterbury UK
| | - Chris Deter
- Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of Kent Canterbury UK
| | - Patrick Mahoney
- Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of Kent Canterbury UK
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17
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Pitfield R, Miszkiewicz JJ, Mahoney P. Microscopic markers of an infradian biorhythm in human juvenile ribs. Bone 2019; 120:403-410. [PMID: 30503954 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have indicated that there may be an infradian systemic biorhythm that coordinates aspects of human hard tissue growth and influences adult body size. Here we investigate if evidence of this biorhythm retained in human teeth as the periodicity of Retzius lines (RP) corresponds with the microstructural growth of a non-weight bearing bone, the rib, in a sample of 50 human juvenile skeletons. Using static histomorphometric methods, the RP of one permanent tooth from each skeleton was calculated and combined with measures of bone remodeling in a rib from the same individual. Results provide the first evidence that the infradian biorhythm is linked to bone remodeling in children. Retzius periodicity was negatively correlated with relative osteon area (r = -0.563, p = 0.008) and positively related to Haversian canal area (r = 0.635, p = 0.002) and diameter (r = 0.671, p = 0.001) in children between the age of 8 to 12 years. There was also a negative correlation between RP and the relative cortical area of ribs (r = -0.500, p = 0.048). Relationships between bone remodeling and the biorhythm were much more variable in younger children. Results imply that as the biorhythm speeds up there is increased bone deposition during remodeling of the rib, leading to the larger osteonal lamellar bone areas and smaller Haversian canals in children between 8 and 12 years of age. Our results support the idea that there is an infradian biorhythm that coordinates aspects of human hard tissue growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Pitfield
- Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, England, United Kingdom.
| | - Justyna J Miszkiewicz
- Skeletal Biology and Forensic Anthropology Research Group, School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Patrick Mahoney
- Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, England, United Kingdom
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18
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McFadden C, Oxenham MF. The Paleodemographic Measure of Maternal Mortality and a Multifaceted Approach to Maternal Health. CURRENT ANTHROPOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1086/701476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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19
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Miszkiewicz JJ, Mahoney P. Histomorphometry and cortical robusticity of the adult human femur. J Bone Miner Metab 2019; 37:90-104. [PMID: 29332195 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-017-0899-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Recent quantitative analyses of human bone microanatomy, as well as theoretical models that propose bone microstructure and gross anatomical associations, have started to reveal insights into biological links that may facilitate remodeling processes. However, relationships between bone size and the underlying cortical bone histology remain largely unexplored. The goal of this study is to determine the extent to which static indicators of bone remodeling and vascularity, measured using histomorphometric techniques, relate to femoral midshaft cortical width and robusticity. Using previously published and new quantitative data from 450 adult human male (n = 233) and female (n = 217) femora, we determine if these aspects of femoral size relate to bone microanatomy. Scaling relationships are explored and interpreted within the context of tissue form and function. Analyses revealed that the area and diameter of Haversian canals and secondary osteons, and densities of secondary osteons and osteocyte lacunae from the sub-periosteal region of the posterior midshaft femur cortex were significantly, but not consistently, associated with femoral size. Cortical width and bone robusticity were correlated with osteocyte lacunae density and scaled with positive allometry. Diameter and area of osteons and Haversian canals decreased as the width of cortex and bone robusticity increased, revealing a negative allometric relationship. These results indicate that microscopic products of cortical bone remodeling and vascularity are linked to femur size. Allometric relationships between more robust human femora with thicker cortical bone and histological products of bone remodeling correspond with principles of bone functional adaptation. Future studies may benefit from exploring scaling relationships between bone histomorphometric data and measurements of bone macrostructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Jolanta Miszkiewicz
- Skeletal Biology and Forensic Anthropology Research Group, School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
- Human Osteology Research Laboratory, Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NR, UK.
| | - Patrick Mahoney
- Human Osteology Research Laboratory, Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, Kent, CT2 7NR, UK
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20
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Mahoney P, Miszkiewicz JJ, Chapple S, Le Luyer M, Schlecht SH, Stewart TJ, Griffiths RA, Deter C, Guatelli‐Steinberg D. The biorhythm of human skeletal growth. J Anat 2018; 232:26-38. [PMID: 29023695 PMCID: PMC5735060 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence of a periodic biorhythm is retained in tooth enamel in the form of Retzius lines. The periodicity of Retzius lines (RP) correlates with body mass and the scheduling of life history events when compared between some mammalian species. The correlation has led to the development of the inter-specific Havers-Halberg oscillation (HHO) hypothesis, which holds great potential for studying aspects of a fossil species biology from teeth. Yet, our understanding of if, or how, the HHO relates to human skeletal growth is limited. The goal here is to explore associations between the biorhythm and two hard tissues that form at different times during human ontogeny, within the context of the HHO. First, we investigate the relationship of RP to permanent molar enamel thickness and the underlying daily rate that ameloblasts secrete enamel during childhood. Following this, we develop preliminary research conducted on small samples of adult human bone by testing associations between RP, adult femoral length (as a proxy for attained adult stature) and cortical osteocyte lacunae density (as a proxy for the rate of osteocyte proliferation). Results reveal RP is positively correlated with enamel thickness, negatively correlated with femoral length, but weakly associated with the rate of enamel secretion and osteocyte proliferation. These new data imply that a slower biorhythm predicts thicker enamel for children but shorter stature for adults. Our results develop the intra-specific HHO hypothesis suggesting that there is a common underlying systemic biorhythm that has a role in the final products of human enamel and bone growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Mahoney
- Human Osteology LabSkeletal Biology Research CentreSchool of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
| | - Justyna J. Miszkiewicz
- Skeletal Biology and Forensic Anthropology Research GroupSchool of Archaeology and AnthropologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Simon Chapple
- Human Osteology LabSkeletal Biology Research CentreSchool of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
| | - Mona Le Luyer
- Human Osteology LabSkeletal Biology Research CentreSchool of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
- De la Prehistoire à l'Actuel: CultureEnvironment et Anthropologie (UMR 5199 PACEA)Université de BordeauxPessacFrance
| | | | - Tahlia J. Stewart
- Skeletal Biology and Forensic Anthropology Research GroupSchool of Archaeology and AnthropologyAustralian National UniversityCanberraACTAustralia
| | - Richard A. Griffiths
- Durrell Institute of Conservation and EcologySchool of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
| | - Chris Deter
- Human Osteology LabSkeletal Biology Research CentreSchool of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
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21
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Pitfield R, Miszkiewicz JJ, Mahoney P. Cortical Histomorphometry of the Human Humerus During Ontogeny. Calcif Tissue Int 2017; 101:148-158. [PMID: 28417147 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Modeling and remodeling are two key determinants of human skeletal growth though little is known about the histomorphometry of cortical bone during ontogeny. In this study, we examined the density and geometric properties of primary and secondary osteons (osteon area and diameter, vascular canal area and diameter) in subperiosteal cortical bone from the human humerus (n = 84) between birth and age 18 years. Sections were removed from the anterior midshaft aspect of humeri from skeletons. Age-at-death was reconstructed using standard osteological techniques. Analyses revealed significant correlation between the histomorphometric variables and age. Higher densities of primary osteons occurred between infancy and 7 years of age but were almost completely replaced by secondary osteons after 14 years of age. The geometry of primary osteons was less clearly related to age. Secondary osteons were visible after 2 years of age and reached their greatest densities in the oldest individuals. Osteon size was positively but weakly influenced by age. Our data imply that modeling and remodeling are age-dependent processes that vary markedly from birth to adulthood in the human humerus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosie Pitfield
- Human Osteology Lab, Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NR, UK.
| | - Justyna J Miszkiewicz
- Skeletal Biology and Forensic Anthropology Research Group, School of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Australian National University, Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Patrick Mahoney
- Human Osteology Lab, Skeletal Biology Research Centre, School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, CT2 7NR, UK
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