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Hoque MM, Gbadegoye JO, Hassan FO, Raafat A, Lebeche D. Cardiac fibrogenesis: an immuno-metabolic perspective. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1336551. [PMID: 38577624 PMCID: PMC10993884 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1336551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is a major and complex pathophysiological process that ultimately culminates in cardiac dysfunction and heart failure. This phenomenon includes not only the replacement of the damaged tissue by a fibrotic scar produced by activated fibroblasts/myofibroblasts but also a spatiotemporal alteration of the structural, biochemical, and biomechanical parameters in the ventricular wall, eliciting a reactive remodeling process. Though mechanical stress, post-infarct homeostatic imbalances, and neurohormonal activation are classically attributed to cardiac fibrosis, emerging evidence that supports the roles of immune system modulation, inflammation, and metabolic dysregulation in the initiation and progression of cardiac fibrogenesis has been reported. Adaptive changes, immune cell phenoconversions, and metabolic shifts in the cardiac nonmyocyte population provide initial protection, but persistent altered metabolic demand eventually contributes to adverse remodeling of the heart. Altered energy metabolism, mitochondrial dysfunction, various immune cells, immune mediators, and cross-talks between the immune cells and cardiomyocytes play crucial roles in orchestrating the transdifferentiation of fibroblasts and ensuing fibrotic remodeling of the heart. Manipulation of the metabolic plasticity, fibroblast-myofibroblast transition, and modulation of the immune response may hold promise for favorably modulating the fibrotic response following different cardiovascular pathological processes. Although the immunologic and metabolic perspectives of fibrosis in the heart are being reported in the literature, they lack a comprehensive sketch bridging these two arenas and illustrating the synchrony between them. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the intricate relationship between different cardiac immune cells and metabolic pathways as well as summarizes the current understanding of the involvement of immune-metabolic pathways in cardiac fibrosis and attempts to identify some of the previously unaddressed questions that require further investigation. Moreover, the potential therapeutic strategies and emerging pharmacological interventions, including immune and metabolic modulators, that show promise in preventing or attenuating cardiac fibrosis and restoring cardiac function will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Monirul Hoque
- Departments of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- College of Graduate Health Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Joy Olaoluwa Gbadegoye
- Departments of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- College of Graduate Health Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Fasilat Oluwakemi Hassan
- Departments of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- College of Graduate Health Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Amr Raafat
- Departments of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Djamel Lebeche
- Departments of Physiology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- College of Graduate Health Sciences, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Medicine-Cardiology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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Junatas KL, Couck L, Tay H, Sinowatz F, Van Den Broeck W. Ultrastructural evidence of telocytes in the embryonic chick heart. Anat Histol Embryol 2024; 53:e12970. [PMID: 37740674 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
The cardiac telocyte (TC) is a novel interstitial cell type with a unique ultrastructure and great potential in therapy. The present study examined its presence in the heart of chicken embryos ageing 7-15 days old (Hamburger-Hamilton [HH] stages 31-41) using transmission electron microscopy. TCs were identified across all stages in the atrial and ventricular myocardium, close to maturing cardiomyocytes, blood vessels and lymphatics. Early-stage TCs have immature features resembling mesenchymal cells. Late-stage TCs were distinct, possessing the cytoplasmic prolongations termed telopodes (Tps), which are very long and thin, usually 1-3 in number, and display a moniliform appearance and have an average thickness below 0.2 μm. TCs residing in the epicardium and endocardium were also detected. In the subepicardium near developing coronary vessels, they were localized in the cardiac stem cell niches, coexisting with cardiac stem cells and cardiomyocyte progenitors. Electron-dense structures and the release of extracellular vesicles were observed between embryonic TCs and surrounding structures, suggesting roles in intercellular communication, cardiomyocyte differentiation and maturation, angiogenesis, and stem cell nursing and guidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khan Lamanero Junatas
- Department of Morphology, Medical Imaging, Orthopaedics, Physiotherapy and Nutrition - Laboratory of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
- Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Southern Mindanao, Cotabato, Philippines
| | - Liesbeth Couck
- Department of Morphology, Medical Imaging, Orthopaedics, Physiotherapy and Nutrition - Laboratory of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Hanna Tay
- Department of Morphology, Medical Imaging, Orthopaedics, Physiotherapy and Nutrition - Laboratory of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Fred Sinowatz
- Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Wim Van Den Broeck
- Department of Morphology, Medical Imaging, Orthopaedics, Physiotherapy and Nutrition - Laboratory of Morphology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
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Huston P. A Sedentary and Unhealthy Lifestyle Fuels Chronic Disease Progression by Changing Interstitial Cell Behaviour: A Network Analysis. Front Physiol 2022; 13:904107. [PMID: 35874511 PMCID: PMC9304814 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.904107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Managing chronic diseases, such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes, chronic lung disease and Alzheimer’s disease, account for a large proportion of health care spending, yet they remain in the top causes of premature mortality and are preventable. It is currently accepted that an unhealthy lifestyle fosters a state of chronic low-grade inflammation that is linked to chronic disease progression. Although this is known to be related to inflammatory cytokines, how an unhealthy lifestyle causes cytokine release and how that in turn leads to chronic disease progression are not well known. This article presents a theory that an unhealthy lifestyle fosters chronic disease by changing interstitial cell behavior and is supported by a six-level hierarchical network analysis. The top three networks include the macroenvironment, social and cultural factors, and lifestyle itself. The fourth network includes the immune, autonomic and neuroendocrine systems and how they interact with lifestyle factors and with each other. The fifth network identifies the effects these systems have on the microenvironment and two types of interstitial cells: macrophages and fibroblasts. Depending on their behaviour, these cells can either help maintain and restore normal function or foster chronic disease progression. When macrophages and fibroblasts dysregulate, it leads to chronic low-grade inflammation, fibrosis, and eventually damage to parenchymal (organ-specific) cells. The sixth network considers how macrophages change phenotype. Thus, a pathway is identified through this hierarchical network to reveal how external factors and lifestyle affect interstitial cell behaviour. This theory can be tested and it needs to be tested because, if correct, it has profound implications. Not only does this theory explain how chronic low-grade inflammation causes chronic disease progression, it also provides insight into salutogenesis, or the process by which health is maintained and restored. Understanding low-grade inflammation as a stalled healing process offers a new strategy for chronic disease management. Rather than treating each chronic disease separately by a focus on parenchymal pathology, a salutogenic strategy of optimizing interstitial health could prevent and mitigate multiple chronic diseases simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Huston
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Institut du Savoir Montfort (Research), University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- *Correspondence: Patricia Huston, , orcid.org/0000-0002-2927-1176
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Pogontke C, Guadix JA, Sánchez-Tévar AM, Muñoz-Chápuli R, Ruiz-Villalba A, Pérez-Pomares JM. Dynamic Epicardial Contribution to Cardiac Interstitial c-Kit and Sca1 Cellular Fractions. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:864765. [PMID: 35706902 PMCID: PMC9189417 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.864765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The cardiac interstitial cellular fraction is composed of multiple cell types. Some of these cells are known to express some well-known stem cell markers such as c-Kit and Sca1, but they are no longer accepted to be true cardiac stem cells. Although their existence in the cardiac interstitium has not been disputed, their dynamic throughout development, specific embryonic origin, and potential heterogeneity remain unknown. In this study, we hypothesized that both c-KitPOS and Sca1POS cardiac interstitial cell (CIC) subpopulations are related to the Wilms’ tumor 1 (Wt1) epicardial lineage. Methods: In this study, we have used genetic cell lineage tracing methods, immunohistochemistry, and FACS techniques to characterize cardiac c-KitPOS and Sca1POS cells. Results: Our data show that approximately 50% of cardiac c-KitPOS cells are derived from the Wt1-lineage at E15.5. This subpopulation decreased along with embryonic development, disappearing from P7 onwards. We found that a large proportion of cardiac c-KitPOS cells express specific markers strongly suggesting they are blood-borne cells. On the contrary, the percentage of Sca1POS cells within the Wt1-lineage increases postnatally. In accordance with these findings, 90% of adult epicardial-derived endothelial cells and 60% of mEFSK4POS cardiac fibroblasts expressed Sca1. Conclusion: Our study revealed a minor contribution of the Wt1-epicardial lineage to c-KitPOS CIC from embryonic stages to adulthood. Remarkably, a major part of the adult epicardial-derived cell fraction is enriched in Sca1, suggesting that this subpopulation of CICs is heterogeneous from their embryonic origin. The study of this heterogeneity can be instrumental to the development of diagnostic and prognostic tests for the evaluation of cardiac homeostasis and cardiac interstitium response to pathologic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Pogontke
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto Malagueño de Biomedicina (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - J. A. Guadix
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto Malagueño de Biomedicina (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - A. M. Sánchez-Tévar
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto Malagueño de Biomedicina (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - R. Muñoz-Chápuli
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - A. Ruiz-Villalba
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto Malagueño de Biomedicina (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- *Correspondence: A. Ruiz-Villalba, ; J. M. Pérez-Pomares,
| | - J. M. Pérez-Pomares
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- Instituto Malagueño de Biomedicina (IBIMA)-Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- *Correspondence: A. Ruiz-Villalba, ; J. M. Pérez-Pomares,
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Marín-Sedeño E, de Morentin XM, Pérez-Pomares JM, Gómez-Cabrero D, Ruiz-Villalba A. Understanding the Adult Mammalian Heart at Single-Cell RNA-Seq Resolution. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:645276. [PMID: 34055776 PMCID: PMC8149764 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.645276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
During the last decade, extensive efforts have been made to comprehend cardiac cell genetic and functional diversity. Such knowledge allows for the definition of the cardiac cellular interactome as a reasonable strategy to increase our understanding of the normal and pathologic heart. Previous experimental approaches including cell lineage tracing, flow cytometry, and bulk RNA-Seq have often tackled the analysis of cardiac cell diversity as based on the assumption that cell types can be identified by the expression of a single gene. More recently, however, the emergence of single-cell RNA-Seq technology has led us to explore the diversity of individual cells, enabling the cardiovascular research community to redefine cardiac cell subpopulations and identify relevant ones, and even novel cell types, through their cell-specific transcriptomic signatures in an unbiased manner. These findings are changing our understanding of cell composition and in consequence the identification of potential therapeutic targets for different cardiac diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of the continuously changing cardiac cellular landscape, traveling from the pre-single-cell RNA-Seq times to the single cell-RNA-Seq revolution, and discuss the utilities and limitations of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Marín-Sedeño
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Instituto Malagueño de Biomedicina, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- BIONAND, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología, Junta de Andalucía, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Xabier Martínez de Morentin
- Traslational Bioinformatics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Jose M. Pérez-Pomares
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Instituto Malagueño de Biomedicina, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- BIONAND, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología, Junta de Andalucía, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - David Gómez-Cabrero
- Traslational Bioinformatics Unit, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centre of Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adrián Ruiz-Villalba
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Instituto Malagueño de Biomedicina, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain
- BIONAND, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología, Junta de Andalucía, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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Sampaio-Pinto V, Ruiz-Villalba A, Nascimento DS, Pérez-Pomares JM. Bone marrow contribution to the heart from development to adulthood. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 112:16-26. [PMID: 32591270 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac chamber walls contain large numbers of non-contractile interstitial cells, including fibroblasts, endothelial cells, pericytes and significant populations of blood lineage-derived cells. Blood cells first colonize heart tissues a few days before birth, although their recruitment from the bloodstream to the cardiac interstitium is continuous and extends throughout adult life. The bone marrow, as the major hematopoietic site of adult individuals, is in charge of renewing all circulating cell types, and it therefore plays a pivotal role in the incorporation of blood cells to the heart. Bone marrow-derived cells are instrumental to tissue homeostasis in the steady-state heart, and are major effectors in cardiac disease progression. This review will provide a comprehensive approach to bone marrow-derived blood cell functions in the heart, and discuss aspects related to hot topics in the cardiovascular field like cell-based heart regeneration strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco Sampaio-Pinto
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Adrián Ruiz-Villalba
- Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Campanillas, Málaga, Spain
| | - Diana S Nascimento
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; INEB - Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - José M Pérez-Pomares
- Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biomedicine of Málaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain; Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Campanillas, Málaga, Spain.
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Wessels A. The State of Cardiovascular Developmental Biology is Strong - Honoring Dr. Roger Markwald and his Seminal Contributions to the Field. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 302:14-18. [PMID: 30578662 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In August 2017, the Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center (CDBC), together with the "Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology (RMCB) at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), organized their 13th Annual CDBC Symposium. During this special event, which was organized in collaboration with The Anatomical Record, the unique and important contributions of Dr. Roger Markwald (known to all of us as Roger) to the field of cardiovascular research were celebrated. Fifteen leading investigators in the field presented their ideas and reported results of their studies to an audience that included many familiar faces from Roger's past and present. This group consisted of established investigators from around the world as well as young and upcoming scientists from local institutions. In their presentations, the platform speakers emphasized the significance of Roger's scientific contributions and advice to their professional development and career. In this Special Issue of The Anatomical Record, we assembled a collection of invited papers written by several attendees of the symposium. The issue also contains a number of articles written by colleagues who, for one reason or the other, were not able to attend the meeting, but expressed their desire to contribute to this special "festschrift" of The Anatomical Record in honor and recognition of Roger's amazing career. Anat Rec, 302:14-18, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andy Wessels
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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