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Pawlicki P, Koziorowska A, Koziorowski M, Pawlicka B, Duliban M, Wieczorek J, Płachno BJ, Pardyak L, Korzekwa AJ, Kotula-Balak M. Senescence and autophagy relation with the expressional status of non-canonical estrogen receptors in testes and adrenals of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) during the pre-rut period. Theriogenology 2023; 198:141-152. [PMID: 36586352 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The roe deer bucks represent a spontaneous model to study the synchronized testicular involution and recrudescence cycles. However, cellular processes and hormonal control of steroidogenic glands are scarcely known. For the present study testes and adrenal glands obtained from roe deer during the pre-rut season were used. We aimed to determine (i) senescence and autophagy involvement in testis atrophy (immunohistochemical analysis for tumor suppressor protein encoded by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A; p16 and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3; LC3, respectively), (ii) the size of the adrenal cortex and medulla (morphometric analysis), (iii) G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) and estrogen-related receptors (ERRs; type α, β, and Y) distribution and expression (qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses) and (iv) serum testosterone and estradiol levels (immunoassay ELISA). This study revealed pre-rut characteristics of testis structure with the presence of both senescence and autophagy-positive cells and higher involvement of senescence, especially in spermatogenic cells (P < 0.05). In the adrenal cortex, groups of cells exhibiting shrinkage were observed. The presence of ERRs in cells of the seminiferous epithelium and interstitial Leydig cells and GPER presence distinctly in Leydig cells was revealed. In adrenals, these receptors were localized in groups of normal-looking cells and those with shrinkage. Morphometric analysis showed differences in cortex width which was smaller (P < 0.05) than that of the medulla. A weak immunohistochemical signal was observed for ERRβ when compared to ERRα and ERRγ. The mRNA expression level of ERRα and ERRγ was lower (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively) while ERRβ was higher (P < 0.001) in adrenals when compared to testes. mRNA GPER expression was similar in both glands. In the pre-rut season, the testosterone level was 4.89 ng/ml while the estradiol level was 0.234 ng/ml. We postulate that: (i) senescence and autophagy may be involved in both reinitiation of testis function and/or induction of abnormal processes, (ii) hormonal modulation of testis inactivity may affect adrenal cortex causing cell shrinkage, (iii) ERRs and GPER localization in spermatogenic cells and interstitial cells, as well as cortex cells, may maintain and control the morpho-functional status of both glands, and (iv) androgens and estrogens (via ERRs and GPER) drive cellular processes in the testis and adrenal pre-rut physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Pawlicki
- Center of Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Redzina 1c, 30-248, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Koziorowska
- College of Natural Sciences, Institute of Material Engineering, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland; College of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszów, Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Marek Koziorowski
- College of Natural Sciences, Institute of Material Engineering, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland; Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Bernadetta Pawlicka
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionism, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michal Duliban
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jarosław Wieczorek
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Internal Animal Diseases, University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bartosz J Płachno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Laura Pardyak
- Center of Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Redzina 1c, 30-248, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna J Korzekwa
- Department of Biodiversity Protection, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kotula-Balak
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Preclinical Sciences, University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
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Dantas MRT, Souza-Junior JBF, Castelo TDS, Lago AEDA, Silva AR. Understanding how environmental factors influence reproductive aspects of wild myomorphic and hystricomorphic rodents. Anim Reprod 2021; 18:e20200213. [PMID: 33936293 PMCID: PMC8078862 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2020-0213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Myomorphic and hystricomorphic rodents are vital for maintaining various ecosystems around the planet. This review enables a better understanding of how these rodents respond to environmental factors and adapt to climate adversities. Innumerable factors, such as photoperiod, rainfall, and temperature, can impair or contribute to the quality of rodent reproductive parameters. Prolonged animal exposure to high ambient temperatures alters thermoregulation mechanisms and causes testicular and ovarian tissue degeneration and hormonal deregulation. Photoperiod influences the biological circannual rhythm and reproductive cycles of rodents because it strongly regulates melatonin secretion by the pineal gland, which modulates gonadotropic hormone secretion. Rainfall quantity directly regulates the abundance of fruits in an ecosystem, which modulates the reproductive seasonality of species which are most dependent on a seasonal fruit-based diet. Species with a more diversified fruit diet have smaller reproductive seasonality. As such, habitats are chosen by animals for various reasons, including the availability of food, sexual partners, intra-and inter-specific competition, and predation. This knowledge allows us to monitor and establish management plans to aid in conservation strategies for wild rodent species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiko Roberto Tavares Dantas
- Laboratório de Conservação de Germoplasma Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
| | | | - Thibério de Souza Castelo
- Laboratório de Biometeorologia e Biofísica Ambiental, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
| | - Arthur Emannuel de Araújo Lago
- Laboratório de Conservação de Germoplasma Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
| | - Alexandre Rodrigues Silva
- Laboratório de Conservação de Germoplasma Animal, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido - UFERSA, Mossoró, RN, Brasil
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