1
|
Bíl M, Andrášik R, Bílová M. Wildlife-vehicle collisions: The disproportionate risk of injury faced by motorcyclists. Injury 2024; 55:111301. [PMID: 38158319 DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2023.111301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
We applied a generalized linear mixed-effects model to determine the factors leading to injuries from wildlife-vehicle collisions (WVCs). We used the Police database representing WVCs which took place on the Czech road network between 2009 and 2022. The majority of WVCs in Czechia are with roe deer, followed by wild boar, i.e., both relatively small ungulates. Less than 2 % of these encounters ends with an injury to the motor vehicle occupants. We found that the probability of sustaining injury was systematically higher for motorcyclists than for car occupants. The odds of sustaining an injury during WVC were roughly 1600 times higher for motorcyclists than for car occupants. When applying an evading manoeuvre, the odds of sustaining an injury were approximately 68 times higher for car occupants while only 2.3 times higher for motorcyclists compared to a direct hit to an animal. The lack of helmets (for motorcyclists) and missing seat belts (for car occupants) were additional factors which made the outcomes worse for WVCs. While the acceptance of a direct hit (preceded by braking) seems to be a reasonable strategy for car drivers, WVC awareness (including maintaining a lower speed during critical times and places) should be raised among motorcyclists as both manoeuvres are almost comparably dangerous for them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michal Bíl
- CDV - Transport Research Centre, Líšeňská 33a, 636 00, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Richard Andrášik
- CDV - Transport Research Centre, Líšeňská 33a, 636 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Bílová
- CDV - Transport Research Centre, Líšeňská 33a, 636 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Čurlík J, Šmigová J, Šmiga Ľ, Lazár J, Lazár P, Konjević D, Papajová I. The first report of Setaria tundra (Issaitshikoff & Rajewskaya, 1928) in Slovakia by using of molecular methods. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:2247-2251. [PMID: 37086327 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10127-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Setaria tundra is a filarioid parasite occurring in the northern hemisphere. Adult forms of helminths are located free in the peritoneal cavity of its definitive host - cervids, while microfilariae are presented in the host's bloodstream. Intermediate hosts are represented by several mosquito species, mainly of the genus Aedes.Nematode S. tundra is well adapted to roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and therefore is the infection usually asymptomatic. In this study we present the first report of S. tundra in Slovakia. During a period 2022 a total of 6 roe deer coming from eastern Slovakia (Trebišov district) were examined. Nematodes were found during the evisceration process in the abdominal cavity of 3 specimens Intensity of infection was in range from 5 to 38 helminths per host. Mean intensity of infection reached 18.3 parasites per host. The helminths were identified as S. tundra by morphological examination and molecular typing of the COI gene. This study is the first report of S. tundra in Slovakia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ján Čurlík
- Department of Breeding and Diseases of Game, Fish and Bees, Ecology and Cynology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, Košice, 041 81, Slovak Republic
| | - Júlia Šmigová
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, Košice, 040 01, Slovak Republic.
| | - Ľubomír Šmiga
- Department of Breeding and Diseases of Game, Fish and Bees, Ecology and Cynology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, Košice, 041 81, Slovak Republic
| | - Jozef Lazár
- Department of Breeding and Diseases of Game, Fish and Bees, Ecology and Cynology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, Košice, 041 81, Slovak Republic
| | - Peter Lazár
- Department of Breeding and Diseases of Game, Fish and Bees, Ecology and Cynology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Komenského 73, Košice, 041 81, Slovak Republic
| | - Dean Konjević
- Department of Veterinary Economics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, Zagreb, 10000, Croatia
| | - Ingrid Papajová
- Institute of Parasitology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Hlinkova 3, Košice, 040 01, Slovak Republic
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dahl SA, Seifert J, Camarinha-Silva A, Cheng YC, Hernández-Arriaga A, Hudler M, Windisch W, König A. Microbiota and Nutrient Portraits of European Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) Rumen Contents in Characteristic Southern German Habitats. Microb Ecol 2023; 86:3082-3096. [PMID: 37875737 PMCID: PMC10640537 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-023-02308-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) are found in various habitats, from pure forest cultures to agricultural areas and mountains. In adapting to the geographically and seasonally differentiating food supply, they depend, above all, on an adapted microbiome. However, knowledge about the microbiome of wild ruminants still needs to be improved. There are only a few publications for individual species with a low number of samples. This study aims to identify a core microbiota for Bavarian roe deer and present nutrient and microbiota portraits of the individual habitat types. This study investigated the roe deer's rumen (reticulorumen) content from seven different characteristic Bavarian habitat types. The focus was on the composition of nutrients, fermentation products, and the rumen bacterial community. A total of 311 roe deer samples were analysed, with the most even possible distribution per habitat, season, age class, and gender. Significant differences in nutrient concentrations and microbial composition were identified for the factors habitat, season, and age class. The highest crude protein content (plant protein and microbial) in the rumen was determined in the purely agricultural habitat (AG), the highest value of non-fibre carbohydrates in the alpine mountain forest, and the highest fibre content (neutral detergent fibre, NDF) in the pine forest habitat. Maximum values for fibre content go up to 70% NDF. The proportion of metabolites (ammonia, lactate, total volatile fatty acids) was highest in the Agriculture-Beech-Forest habitat (ABF). Correlations can be identified between adaptations in the microbiota and specific nutrient concentrations, as well as in strong fluctuations in ingested forage. In addition, a core bacterial community comprising five genera could be identified across all habitats, up to 44% of total relative abundance. As with all wild ruminants, many microbial genera remain largely unclassified at various taxonomic levels. This study provides a more in-depth insight into the diversity and complexity of the roe deer rumen microbiota. It highlights the key microorganisms responsible for converting naturally available nutrients of different botanical origins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Alica Dahl
- Wildlife Biology and Management Unit, Chair of Animal Nutrition and Metabolism, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany.
| | - Jana Seifert
- HoLMiR - Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, Leonore-Blosser-Reisen-Weg 3, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 10, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Amélia Camarinha-Silva
- HoLMiR - Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, Leonore-Blosser-Reisen-Weg 3, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 10, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yu-Chieh Cheng
- HoLMiR - Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, Leonore-Blosser-Reisen-Weg 3, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 10, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Angélica Hernández-Arriaga
- HoLMiR - Hohenheim Center for Livestock Microbiome Research, University of Hohenheim, Leonore-Blosser-Reisen-Weg 3, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Emil-Wolff-Str. 10, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Martina Hudler
- Game Management and Wildlife Management, Weihenstephan-Triesdorf University of Applied Sciences, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 3, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Windisch
- TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Liesel-Beckmann-Straße 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - Andreas König
- Wildlife Biology and Management Unit, Chair of Animal Nutrition and Metabolism, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Topp AK, Springer A, Mischke R, Rieder J, Feige K, Ganter M, Nagel-Kohl U, Nordhoff M, Boelke M, Becker S, Pachnicke S, Schunack B, Dobler G, Strube C. Seroprevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus in wild and domestic animals in northern Germany. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2023; 14:102220. [PMID: 37356181 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2023.102220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a tick-transmitted flavivirus, which can infect humans and animals, sometimes even with a fatal outcome. Since many decades, TBEV is endemic in southern Germany, while only sporadic occurrence has been noted in northern parts of the country so far. Nevertheless, autochthonous human clinical cases are increasing in the federal state of Lower Saxony in north-western Germany, and several natural foci of TBEV transmission have recently been detected in this federal state. In order to shed more light on the current distribution of TBEV in Lower Saxony, the present study examined blood samples from wild and domestic animals for antibodies against TBEV. Overall, samples from 4,085 animals were tested by ELISA, including wild boar (N = 1,208), roe deer (N = 149), red deer (N = 61), fallow deer (N = 18), red foxes (N = 9), nutria (N = 9), raccoon dogs (N = 3), raccoons (N = 3), badgers (N = 1), European pine martens (N = 1), horses (N = 574), sheep (N = 266), goats (N = 67), dogs (N = 1,317) and cats (N = 399). Samples with an ELISA result of ≥60 Vienna units (VIEU)/ml were subjected to confirmatory serum neutralization tests (SNT). In total, 343 of 4,085 (8.4%) animals tested positive for anti-TBEV-IgG by ELISA, of which 60 samples were confirmed by SNT. Samples of 89 animals showed a cytotoxic effect in the SNT and were excluded from seroprevalence calculation, resulting in an overall seroprevalence of 1.5% (60/3,996). Seroprevalence was higher among wild animals (wild boar: 2.9% [34/1,190], roe deer: 2.7% [4/149], red deer: 1.7% [1/60], fallow deer: 5.6% [1/18]) than among domestic animals (dogs: 1.1% [15/1,317], horses: 0.8% [4/505], sheep: 0.4% [1/266]). No anti-TBEV-antibodies were detected in the other wild animal species as well as goats and cats. A notable clustering of positive samples was observed in districts where TBEV transmission foci have been described. Further clusters in other districts suggest the existence of so far undetected transmission foci, underlining the fact that both wild and domestic animals are useful sentinels for monitoring the spread of TBEV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Katharina Topp
- Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, Hannover 30559, Germany
| | - Andrea Springer
- Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, Hannover 30559, Germany
| | - Reinhard Mischke
- Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover 30559, Germany
| | - Johanna Rieder
- Clinic for Small Animals, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover 30559, Germany
| | - Karsten Feige
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover 30559, Germany
| | - Martin Ganter
- Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover 30173, Germany
| | - Uschi Nagel-Kohl
- Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Veterinary Institute Hannover, Hannover 30173, Germany
| | - Marcel Nordhoff
- Lower Saxony State Office for Consumer Protection and Food Safety, Food and Veterinary Institute Oldenburg, Oldenburg 26133, Germany
| | - Matthias Boelke
- Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, Hannover 30559, Germany
| | - Stefanie Becker
- Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, Hannover 30559, Germany
| | | | - Bettina Schunack
- Elanco Animal Health, Bayer Animal Health GmbH, Monheim 40789, Germany
| | - Gerhard Dobler
- National Reference Laboratory for TBEV, Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich 80937, Germany
| | - Christina Strube
- Institute for Parasitology, Centre for Infection Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Buenteweg 17, Hannover 30559, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kjellander P, Bergvall UA, Chirico J, Ullman K, Christensson M, Lindgren PE. Winter activity of Ixodes ricinus in Sweden. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:229. [PMID: 37430316 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05843-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Europe, Ixodes ricinus (Acari: Ixodidae) is the most widespread and abundant tick species, acting as a vector for several microorganisms of medical and veterinary importance. In Northern and Central Europe, the tick has a bimodal activity pattern consisting of a peak in spring to the beginning of summer and a second peak at the end of summer. However, several findings of ticks on animals during winter have been reported, which raises the question of whether this is an overwintering strategy or whether ticks are active during winter in Scandinavia. The objectives of our study were to determine (i) whether ticks were active and finding hosts during winter, (ii) whether they parasitize their hosts, and (iii) what climatic factors-i.e., temperature, snow depth and precipitation-govern tick winter activity. METHODS Throughout three winter seasons, we examined wild-living and free-ranging roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) for ticks on 332 occasions. In total, 140 individual roe deer were captured in two climatically contrasting sites in south-central Sweden, Grimsö and the Bogesund research area, respectively. We re-examined individual roe deer up to 10 times within the same winter or approximately once a week (mean 10 days, median 7 days between re-examinations) and recorded the absence or presence of ticks on the animals, and tested to what extent meteorological factors affected tick activity. To determine the attachment day, we used the coxal/scutal index of 18 nymphs and 47 female ticks. RESULTS In total, 243 I. ricinus were collected from 301 roe deer captures between 14 December and 28 February at the Bogesund study site during three subsequent years (2013/2014-2015/2016). We found attached ticks every third to every second examination (32%, 48% and 32% of the examinations, respectively). However, we collected only three I. ricinus females from 31 roe deer captures at the Grimsö study site between 17 December 2015 and 26 February 2016. At the Bogesund study site, based on 192 captures of previously examined deer, we collected 121 ticks, and ticks were found at 33%, 48% and 26% of the examinations during the respective winters. The probability of finding an attached tick on a roe deer at a temperature of -5 °C was > 8% ± 5 (SE), and that probability increased to almost 20% ± 7 (SE) if the air temperature increased to 5 °C. CONCLUSIONS To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that winter-active nymphs and female ticks have been documented to attach and feed on roe deer during winter (December to February) in Scandinavia. The main weather conditions regulating winter activity for females were temperature and precipitation, and the lowest estimated air temperature for finding an active tick was well below 5 °C. The behaviour of winter-active and blood-feeding ticks was documented over several winters and in two contrasting areas, implying that it is a common phenomenon that should be investigated more thoroughly, since it may have important consequences for the epidemiology of tick-borne pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Petter Kjellander
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Riddarhyttan, Sweden.
| | - Ulrika A Bergvall
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Riddarhyttan, Sweden
| | - Jan Chirico
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Karin Ullman
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Madeleine Christensson
- Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Riddarhyttan, Sweden
| | - Per-Eric Lindgren
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Inflammation and Infection, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Laboratory Medicine, Microbiological Laboratory, County Hospital Ryhov, Jönköping, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Martínez-Calabuig N, Vieira-Pinto M, López CM, Remesar S, Panadero R. Cephenemyia stimulator (Diptera: Oestridae) myiasis in a roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from Portugal. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2023; 41:100883. [PMID: 37208072 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2023.100883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Herein we present a nasopharyngeal myiasis case by Cephenemyia stimulator in a roe deer hunted in Trás-os-Montes (NE Portugal). Preliminary inspection showed one larva sorting through the nostrils and the examination of the nasopharyngeal cavity showed more than 15 larvae in the glottis and retropharyngeal recesses. Four larvae were collected and stored into 70% ethanol for morphological and molecular identification. Three of the larvae were identified as third instars and the other one as a prepupa of Cephenemyia stimulator, being the first confirmation of this species in roe deer from Portugal. C. stimulator is currently widely distributed in roe deer from central and northern Spain so, the transboundary natural dispersal of these cervids would explain the introduction of this myiasis in Portugal. Further studies are needed to monitor the spreading of this infection in the westernmost populations of European roe deer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Néstor Martínez-Calabuig
- INVESAGA Group, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Madalena Vieira-Pinto
- Veterinary and Animal Research Centre (CECAV), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal; Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Portugal; Department of Veterinary Science, UTAD, Portugal
| | - Ceferino M López
- INVESAGA Group, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
| | - Susana Remesar
- INVESAGA Group, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Rosario Panadero
- INVESAGA Group, Department of Animal Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary, University Santiago de Compostela, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pawlicki P, Koziorowska A, Koziorowski M, Pawlicka B, Duliban M, Wieczorek J, Płachno BJ, Pardyak L, Korzekwa AJ, Kotula-Balak M. Senescence and autophagy relation with the expressional status of non-canonical estrogen receptors in testes and adrenals of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) during the pre-rut period. Theriogenology 2023; 198:141-152. [PMID: 36586352 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2022.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The roe deer bucks represent a spontaneous model to study the synchronized testicular involution and recrudescence cycles. However, cellular processes and hormonal control of steroidogenic glands are scarcely known. For the present study testes and adrenal glands obtained from roe deer during the pre-rut season were used. We aimed to determine (i) senescence and autophagy involvement in testis atrophy (immunohistochemical analysis for tumor suppressor protein encoded by the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A; p16 and microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3; LC3, respectively), (ii) the size of the adrenal cortex and medulla (morphometric analysis), (iii) G-protein coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) and estrogen-related receptors (ERRs; type α, β, and Y) distribution and expression (qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical analyses) and (iv) serum testosterone and estradiol levels (immunoassay ELISA). This study revealed pre-rut characteristics of testis structure with the presence of both senescence and autophagy-positive cells and higher involvement of senescence, especially in spermatogenic cells (P < 0.05). In the adrenal cortex, groups of cells exhibiting shrinkage were observed. The presence of ERRs in cells of the seminiferous epithelium and interstitial Leydig cells and GPER presence distinctly in Leydig cells was revealed. In adrenals, these receptors were localized in groups of normal-looking cells and those with shrinkage. Morphometric analysis showed differences in cortex width which was smaller (P < 0.05) than that of the medulla. A weak immunohistochemical signal was observed for ERRβ when compared to ERRα and ERRγ. The mRNA expression level of ERRα and ERRγ was lower (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively) while ERRβ was higher (P < 0.001) in adrenals when compared to testes. mRNA GPER expression was similar in both glands. In the pre-rut season, the testosterone level was 4.89 ng/ml while the estradiol level was 0.234 ng/ml. We postulate that: (i) senescence and autophagy may be involved in both reinitiation of testis function and/or induction of abnormal processes, (ii) hormonal modulation of testis inactivity may affect adrenal cortex causing cell shrinkage, (iii) ERRs and GPER localization in spermatogenic cells and interstitial cells, as well as cortex cells, may maintain and control the morpho-functional status of both glands, and (iv) androgens and estrogens (via ERRs and GPER) drive cellular processes in the testis and adrenal pre-rut physiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Pawlicki
- Center of Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Redzina 1c, 30-248, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Koziorowska
- College of Natural Sciences, Institute of Material Engineering, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland; College of Natural Sciences, Institute of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Rzeszów, Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Marek Koziorowski
- College of Natural Sciences, Institute of Material Engineering, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszow, Poland; Department of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Bernadetta Pawlicka
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionism, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michal Duliban
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jarosław Wieczorek
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics and Internal Animal Diseases, University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bartosz J Płachno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Krakow, Poland
| | - Laura Pardyak
- Center of Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Redzina 1c, 30-248, Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna J Korzekwa
- Department of Biodiversity Protection, Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Malgorzata Kotula-Balak
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Preclinical Sciences, University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Kraków, 30-059, Krakow, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Magri A, Bianchi C, Chmelovà L, Caffara M, Galuppi R, Fioravanti M, Yurchenko V, Kostygov AY. Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) are a novel potential reservoir for human visceral leishmaniasis in the Emilia-Romagna region of northeastern Italy. Int J Parasitol 2022; 52:745-50. [PMID: 36265672 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a complex human disease caused by intracellular parasites of the genus Leishmania, predominantly transmitted by the bite of sand flies. In Italy, leishmaniasis is caused exclusively by Leishmania infantum, responsible for the human and canine visceral leishmaniases (HVL and CVL, respectively). Within the Emilia-Romagna region, two different foci are active in the municipalities of Pianoro and Valsamoggia (both in the province of Bologna). Recent molecular studies indicated that L. infantum strains circulating in dogs and humans are different, suggesting that there is an animal reservoir other than dogs for human visceral leishmaniasis in the Emilia-Romagna region. In this work, we analyzed specimens from wild animals collected during hunts or surveillance of regional parks near active foci of human visceral leishmaniasis for L. infantum infection in the province of Bologna. Out of 70 individuals analyzed, 17 (24%) were positive for L. infantum. The infection prevalence in hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), badgers (Meles meles), and bank voles (Myodes glareolus) was 80, 33, 25, and 11%, respectively. To distinguish the two strains of L. infantum we have developed a nested PCR protocol optimized for animal tissues. Our results demonstrated that most (over 90%) of L. infantum infections in roe deer were due to the strain circulating in humans in the Emilia-Romagna region.
Collapse
|
9
|
Cygan-Szczegielniak D, Stasiak K. Effects of age and sex on the content of heavy metals in the hair, liver and the longissimus lumborum muscle of roe deer Capreolus capreolus L. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:10782-10790. [PMID: 34528207 PMCID: PMC8783889 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16425-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of age and sex on the content of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu) in the hair, liver and the longissimus lumborum muscle of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.). In addition, correlations between heavy metals in individual tested matrices were studied as well as an attempt was made to explain the reasons for their accumulation in specific research matrices. The levels of Zn and Cu were measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy (F-AAS). The levels of Pb and Cd were analysed by means of electrothermal atomic absorption spectroscopy (ET-AAS). In the own research, sex-related statistically significant differences in concentrations of analysed elements were confirmed. Higher levels of the elements were observed in samples collected from does (except for Cd in the liver samples of 6-7-month-old male fawns) but only in some cases, these values were statistically significantly higher. In some cases, age-related differences in the content of individual metals were also confirmed. Age-dependent increased Pb levels in the muscle and liver were reported in 6-7-month-old, <3-4-year-old, <5-6-year-old males. Similar relationships were confirmed for Zn in the bucks' muscles. In the group of does, the increase in heavy metal concentrations with aging was observed for Zn in the muscle and for Pb in the liver. In the other cases, the trend of age-related level changes regarding heavy metals was not clearly demonstrated. Significant positive correlations between Cu and Cd were found for all samples, and significant negative correlations of Cu with Pb were found for the hair and liver. There was a negative correlation of Zn with Cu in all matrices. The study also revealed a negative correlation between Zn and Pb in muscle and a strong significant negative correlation between Zn and Cd in hair and in the liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Cygan-Szczegielniak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-004, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Karolina Stasiak
- Department of Animal Physiology and Physiotherapy, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Mazowiecka 28, 85-004, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Passoni G, Coulson T, Ranc N, Corradini A, Hewison AJM, Ciuti S, Gehr B, Heurich M, Brieger F, Sandfort R, Mysterud A, Balkenhol N, Cagnacci F. Roads constrain movement across behavioural processes in a partially migratory ungulate. Mov Ecol 2021; 9:57. [PMID: 34774097 PMCID: PMC8590235 DOI: 10.1186/s40462-021-00292-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human disturbance alters animal movement globally and infrastructure, such as roads, can act as physical barriers that impact behaviour across multiple spatial scales. In ungulates, roads can particularly hamper key ecological processes such as dispersal and migration, which ensure functional connectivity among populations, and may be particularly important for population performance in highly human-dominated landscapes. The impact of roads on some aspects of ungulate behaviour has already been studied. However, potential differences in response to roads during migration, dispersal and home range movements have never been evaluated. Addressing these issues is particularly important to assess the resistance of European landscapes to the range of wildlife movement processes, and to evaluate how animals adjust to anthropogenic constraints. METHODS We analysed 95 GPS trajectories from 6 populations of European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) across the Alps and central Europe. We investigated how roe deer movements were affected by landscape characteristics, including roads, and we evaluated potential differences in road avoidance among resident, migratory and dispersing animals (hereafter, movement modes). First, using Net Squared Displacement and a spatio-temporal clustering algorithm, we classified individuals as residents, migrants or dispersers. We then identified the start and end dates of the migration and dispersal trajectories, and retained only the GPS locations that fell between those dates (i.e., during transience). Finally, we used the resulting trajectories to perform an integrated step selection analysis. RESULTS We found that roe deer moved through more forested areas during the day and visited less forested areas at night. They also minimised elevation gains and losses along their movement trajectories. Road crossings were strongly avoided at all times of day, but when they occurred, they were more likely to occur during longer steps and in more forested areas. Road avoidance did not vary among movement modes and, during dispersal and migration, it remained high and consistent with that expressed during home range movements. CONCLUSIONS Roads can represent a major constraint to movement across modes and populations, potentially limiting functional connectivity at multiple ecological scales. In particular, they can affect migrating individuals that track seasonal resources, and dispersing animals searching for novel ranges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gioele Passoni
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Zoology Research and Administration Building, 11a Mansfield Rd, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK.
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre (CRI), Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy.
| | - Tim Coulson
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Zoology Research and Administration Building, 11a Mansfield Rd, Oxford, OX1 3SZ, UK
| | - Nathan Ranc
- Center for Integrated Spatial Research, Environmental Studies Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, 95064, USA
| | - Andrea Corradini
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre (CRI), Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering (DICAM), University of Trento, via Mesiano 77, 38123, Trento, TN, Italy
- Stelvio National Park, Via De Simoni 42, 23032, Bormio, SO, Italy
| | - A J Mark Hewison
- INRAE, CEFS, Université de Toulouse, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- LTSER ZA Pyrénées Garonne, 31320, Auzeville Tolosane, France
| | - Simone Ciuti
- Laboratory of Wildlife Ecology and Behaviour, University College Dublin, Belfield, D4, Ireland
| | - Benedikt Gehr
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Marco Heurich
- Department of Visitor Management and National Park Monitoring, Bavarian Forest National Park, Freyunger Straße 2, 94481, Grafenau, Germany
- Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management, University of Freiburg, Tennenbacher Straße 4, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Forest and Wildlife Management, Inland Norway University of Applied Science, 2480, Koppang, Norway
| | - Falko Brieger
- Wildlife Institute, Forest Research Institute Baden-Wuerttemberg, Wonnhaldestraße 4, 79100, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Robin Sandfort
- Department of Integrative Biology and Biodiversity Research, Institute of Wildlife Biology and Game Management, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Gregor-Mendel Straße 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria
| | - Atle Mysterud
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1066, 0316, Oslo, Norway
| | - Niko Balkenhol
- Wildlife Sciences, Faculty of Forest Sciences and Forest Ecology, University of Goettingen, Buesgenweg 3, 37077, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Francesca Cagnacci
- Department of Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology, Research and Innovation Centre (CRI), Fondazione Edmund Mach, Via Edmund Mach 1, 38010, San Michele all'Adige, TN, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Konjević D, Bujanić M, Beck A, Beck R, Martinković F, Janicki Z. First record of chronic Fascioloides magna infection in roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus). Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2021; 15:173-6. [PMID: 34113543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2021.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Fascioloidosis is an allochthonous parasitic disease in Europe caused by the digenean trematode Fascioloides magna. The final hosts of F. magna in Europe are defined as definitive, aberrant and dead-end. Roe deer are aberrant hosts in which juvenile flukes permanently migrate through the liver parenchyma. Failure in pseudocysts formation leads to the death of both the host and the parasite. In this paper we present gross and histological findings of F. magna infection in 34 roe deer. The special emphasis is on the pseudocyst formation accompanied with new fluke's migratory channels observed in 7 animals, suggesting reinfection and prolonged survival of roe deer. No F. magna eggs were recovered from the faeces of the infected animals. These findings indicate that pseudocyst formation is essential for roe deer survival, but also point out the potential beginning of adaptation processes in roe deer, altering otherwise acute and fatal disease into a chronic one.
Collapse
|
12
|
Schulz K, Brenneis F, Winterhalter R, Spolders M, Fromme H, Dietrich S, Wolf P, Gremse C, Schafft H, Pieper R, Lahrssen-Wiederholt M. Marination increases the bioavailability of lead in game meat shot with lead ammunition. J Nutr Sci 2021; 10:e24. [PMID: 33996037 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2021.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
As a consequence of the toxicological lead characteristics, a reduction of its exposure should consider all sources. Game meat might contain elevated levels of lead due to the use of lead ammunition. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of acidic marination on the bioavailability of ammunition-derived lead in game meat (Roe deer), using the growing pig as an animal model. Furthermore, the study should provide evidence that the large-area scattering of lead particles leads to noticeable differences in the individual lead intake per game meat portion. Pigs of group A (n 7) received lead-shot game meat, which was cooked in water. Pigs of group B (n 7) received lead-shot game meat, which was first marinated (wine and vinegar) and then cooked. The lead content of both game meat preparations was equal with 0⋅77–0⋅79 mg Pb/portion. Pigs of group C (n 4) received lead-free game meat, which was also marinated and cooked. Additionally, lead acetate was administered intravenously to group D pigs (n 4). Blood samples were taken on elevated time points before and after game meat intake/i.v.-application. The acidic marination increased the bioavailability of orally ingested lead, resulting in significantly higher blood lead concentrations. The bioavailability of lead was 2⋅7 % when game meat was just cooked and 15 % when the meat was marinated before. The considerable variation of the individual blood lead concentrations suggests that an inhomogeneous distribution of ammunition-derived lead particles (in terms of size and number) causes individually non-comparable lead intakes from the consumption of game meat.
Collapse
|
13
|
Kogler S, Gotthalmseder E, Shahi-Barogh B, Harl J, Fuehrer HP. Babesia spp. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in free-ranging wild ungulates in central Austria. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2021; 12:101719. [PMID: 33774481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2021.101719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Free-ranging wild ungulates are widespread in Austria, and act as hosts (i.e. feeding hosts) for ticks, including Ixodes ricinus, and as reservoir hosts for pathogens transmitted by I. ricinus. Due to climate change, the abundance of I. ricinus might be increasing, which could potentially lead to higher prevalences of tick-borne pathogens, such as Babesia spp. and Anaplasma phagocytophilum, some known for their zoonotic potential. Human babesiosis is classified as an emerging zoonosis, but sufficient data of these parasites in central Austria is lacking. In order to assess the abundance of vector-borne pathogens, blood of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus; n = 137), red deer (Cervus elaphus; n = 37), mouflons (Ovis gmelini; n = 2) and chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra; n = 1), was collected and tested for pathogen DNA in two different sampling sites in central Austria. DNA of tick-borne pathogens was detected in 15.5 % (n = 27) of these animals. Babesia capreoli (n = 22 in roe deer; n = 1 in mouflon), Babesia divergens (n = 1, in red deer), and Anaplasma phagocytophilum (n = 4, in roe deer) were detected. DNA sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene of two C. capreolus samples from Upper Austria featured another new genotype of Babesia, which differs in one nucleotide position to B. divergens and B. capreoli, and is intermediate between the main genotypes of B. capreoli and B. divergens within the partial gene sequence analyzed. This study thus confirms that B. capreoli, B. divergens, and A. phagocytophilum are present in free-ranging ungulates in central Austria. Further testing over a longer period is recommended in order to assess the impact of climate change on the prevalence of blood parasites in central Austria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Kogler
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Gotthalmseder
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bita Shahi-Barogh
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef Harl
- Institute of Pathology and Forensic Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hans-Peter Fuehrer
- Institute of Parasitology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rehbein S, Visser M, Hamel D, Reindl H. Occurrence of the giant liver fluke, Fascioloides magna, in sympatric wild ungulates in one area in the Upper Palatinate Forest (northeastern Bavaria, Germany). Parasitol Res 2021; 120:553-61. [PMID: 33415397 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06996-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Associated with the spreading in (north)western direction of Fascioloides magna from its historic endemic area in Bohemia with its cervid hosts, unusual noticeable hepatic lesions (black-colored tissue, hemorrhage) were observed in deer harvested in hunting grounds and one deer farm located in the Upper Palatinate Forest close to the border to the Czech Republic, initially in the years of 2007 and 2009, respectively. Confirmation of the suspected diagnosis of F. magna infection in October 2011 prompted investigations on the occurrence of "fascioloidosis" among wild ungulates in that locality. From October 2011 to January 2014, livers from 89 cervids and two wild boars were examined for flukes. Thirty-seven livers (40.6%) harbored F. magna: 17 of 21 red deer, nine of 24 sika deer, six of eight fallow deer, four of 36 roe deer, one of two wild boars. Fluke burdens ranged from 2 up to 151 in red deer, from 2 up to 37 in fallow deer, and from 1 up to 7 in sika deer and in roe deer; one fluke was recovered from the liver of one wild boar. No other parasites were recovered from the livers. The rate of recovery of F. magna differed significantly (p < 0.001) among the species of deer (red deer, 81.0%; sika deer, 37.5%; fallow deer, 75.0%; roe deer, 11.1%) and between the age groups (< 1 year: 22.2%, 1 to 2 years: 26.0%, and > 2 years: 70.0%, respectively). There was no association (p > 0.1) between the rate of recovery of F. magna and the sex of the combined 80 deer of ≥ 1 year of age (male: 41.8% and female: 31.4%). The occurrence of F. magna in the wild ungulates in the Upper Palatinate Forest area in northeastern Bavaria is of epidemiological importance for the further spreading of the parasite into Germany with migrating deer.
Collapse
|
15
|
Wevers J, Fattebert J, Casaer J, Artois T, Beenaerts N. Trading fear for food in the Anthropocene: How ungulates cope with human disturbance in a multi-use, suburban ecosystem. Sci Total Environ 2020; 741:140369. [PMID: 32610236 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Resource distribution, predation risk and disturbance in space and time can affect how animals use their environment. To date few studies have assessed the spatiotemporal trade-off between resource acquisition and avoidance of risks and human disturbance in small protected areas embedded in an urban matrix. A better understanding of the forage-safety trade-off in urban protected areas (UPA) is key to the design of evidence-based approaches to deal with the ever-increasing human-wildlife impacts typical of UPA. Herein, we analyzed camera trap data to evaluate how two ungulate species trade fear for food in a 60 km2 human-dominated UPA without natural predators. We found that wild boar (Sus scrofa) were predominantly active at night, while roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) showed a typical bimodal crepuscular activity pattern. Occupancy analysis indicated that deciduous forest and the presence of high seats for hunting played an important role in determining the space use of wild boar. For roe deer, we found indications that the presence of forest influenced space use, although the null model was retained among the top ranked models. Our results confirm that wild boar and roe deer are able to thrive in heavily human dominated landscapes characterized by intensive recreational use and hunting, such as protected areas embedded in an urban matrix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Wevers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium; Research Institute Nature and Forest, Brussels 1000, Belgium.
| | - Julien Fattebert
- Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Zoology and Physiology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Centre for Functional Biodiversity, School of Life Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa.
| | - Jim Casaer
- Research Institute Nature and Forest, Brussels 1000, Belgium.
| | - Tom Artois
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium.
| | - Natalie Beenaerts
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek 3590, Belgium.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Cappelli J, Frasca I, García A, Landete-Castillejos T, Luccarini S, Gallego L, Morimando F, Varuzza P, Zaccaroni M. Roe deer as a bioindicator: preliminary data on the impact of the geothermal power plants on the mineral profile in internal and bone tissues in Tuscany (Italy). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:36121-36131. [PMID: 32557025 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09708-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) is one of the most abundant ungulate species in Europe. Many studies have investigated its distribution, behavior, and ecology, but few have focused on its role as bioindicators for pollutants, particularly regarding antlers, which has been shown to indicate also deer physiology. The presence of geothermal power plants can induce accumulation of potentially polluting elements (such as Tl, S, and Pb). Thus, we collected roe deer samples from areas of Tuscany (Italy) where power plants are present. They were divided according to whether their home range included areas close or far from geothermal power plants. We analyzed the body measurements and the profile of the minerals in the liver and antlers tissues using the ICP-OES technique. Results showed that livers from roe deer close to power plant accumulated higher quantity of Bi, Co, Ni, Tl, and S compared to controls. Males culled close to geothermal power plants had significantly lower values for weight and chest circumference, and also, the antlers showed higher values for Li and Sr in the first sampling position. Thus, despite the small sample size in this preliminary study, antlers and livers of roe deer seem to be a bioindicator of industrial impact on the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamil Cappelli
- Department of Science and Agroforestry Technology and Genetics ETSIAM, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 02071, Albacete, Spain.
- Livestock and hunting resources section, Institute of Regional Development (IDR), University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 02071, Albacete, Spain.
- Sección de recursos cinegéticos y ganaderos, Instituto de Desarrollo Regional (IDR), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Campus Universitario s/n, 02071, Albacete, Spain.
| | - Irene Frasca
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Andrés García
- Department of Science and Agroforestry Technology and Genetics ETSIAM, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 02071, Albacete, Spain
- Livestock and hunting resources section, Institute of Regional Development (IDR), University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 02071, Albacete, Spain
- Research Institute in Hunting Resources, IREC (CSIC, UCLM, JCCM), University campus s/n, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Tomas Landete-Castillejos
- Department of Science and Agroforestry Technology and Genetics ETSIAM, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 02071, Albacete, Spain
- Livestock and hunting resources section, Institute of Regional Development (IDR), University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 02071, Albacete, Spain
- Research Institute in Hunting Resources, IREC (CSIC, UCLM, JCCM), University campus s/n, 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Siriano Luccarini
- ATC 14 PISA OVEST, Via Gioacchino Volpe, 92, 56121, Ospedaletto, Pisa, Italy
| | - Laureano Gallego
- Department of Science and Agroforestry Technology and Genetics ETSIAM, University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), 02071, Albacete, Spain
| | - Federico Morimando
- PROECO Studio Associato, Via Uopini 21-23, 53035, Monteriggioni, SI, Italy
- ATC 3 SIENA NORD, Via Leonida Cialfi 29, 53100, Siena, SI, Italy
| | - Paolo Varuzza
- Geographicasrl, via Prato I, 41, 84039, Teggiano, Italy
| | - Marco Zaccaroni
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Via Madonna del Piano 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Orłowska B, Krajewska-Wędzina M, Augustynowicz-Kopeć E, Kozińska M, Brzezińska S, Zabost A, Didkowska A, Welz M, Kaczor S, Żmuda P, Anusz K. Epidemiological characterization of Mycobacterium caprae strains isolated from wildlife in the Bieszczady Mountains, on the border of Southeast Poland. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:362. [PMID: 32993648 PMCID: PMC7526380 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02581-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The majority of animal tuberculosis (TB) cases reported in wildlife in Poland over the past 20 years have concerned the European bison inhabiting the Bieszczady Mountains in Southeast Poland: an area running along the border of Southeast Poland. As no TB cases have been reported in domestic animals in this region since 2005, any occurrence of TB in the free-living animals inhabiting this area might pose a real threat to local livestock and result in the loss of disease-free status. The aim of the study was to describe the occurrence of tuberculosis in the wildlife of the Bieszczady Mountains and determine the microbiological and molecular characteristics of any cultured strains. Lymph node samples were collected for analysis from 274 free-living animals, including European bison, red foxes, badgers, red deer, wild boar and roe deer between 2011 and 2017. Löwenstein–Jensen and Stonebrink media were used for culture. Molecular identification of strains was performed based on hsp65 sequence analysis, the GenoType®MTBC (Hain Lifescience, Germany) test, spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR analysis. Results Mycobacterium caprae was isolated from the lymph nodes of 21 out of 55 wild boar (38.2%; CI 95%: 26.5%, 51.4%) and one roe deer. Since 2014, no new TB cases have been reported in the Bieszczady European bison population. Conclusions The identification of TB in wild boar in the Bieszczady is an alarming phenomenon, which requires further investigation. The Bieszczady mountains are a precious, unique area, home to many protected species. However, it is also the only area in Poland where TB cases have been reported in free-living animals. The occurrence of TB in wild boar inhabiting this area might pose a real threat to local livestock and many of the protected species (for example European bison that can share feeding places with wild boar). Given this situation, ongoing monitoring of the prevalence of TB should be conducted, and protective measures should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Orłowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Monika Krajewska-Wędzina
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantów 57, 24-100, Puławy, Poland
| | - Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute (NTLD), Płocka 26, 01-138, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Kozińska
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute (NTLD), Płocka 26, 01-138, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Brzezińska
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute (NTLD), Płocka 26, 01-138, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Zabost
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute (NTLD), Płocka 26, 01-138, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Didkowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mirosław Welz
- General Veterinary Inspectorate, Wspólna 30, 00-930, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stanisław Kaczor
- County Veterinary Inspectorate, Młynarska 45, 38-500, Sanok, Poland
| | - Piotr Żmuda
- University Centre of Veterinary Medicine UJ-UR, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Cracow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Anusz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Contreras M, San José C, Estrada-Peña A, Talavera V, Rayas E, Isabel León C, Luis Núñez J, García Fernández de Mera I, de la Fuente J. Control of tick infestations in wild roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) vaccinated with the Q38 Subolesin/Akirin chimera. Vaccine 2020; 38:6450-4. [PMID: 32798140 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.07.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) are considered to be the most important vectors of disease-causing pathogens in domestic and wild animals, and emerging and re-emerging tick-borne diseases (TBD) exert an enormous impact on them. Wild ungulates are hosts for a wide variety of tick species and tick-borne pathogens that affect human and animal health. Consequently, the control of tick infestations and tick-borne pathogen prevalence is essential in some regions. Acaricides and animal management or culling have been used for the control of tick infestations and TBD, but tick vaccines constitute the best alternative to reduce the impact of acaricides on tick resistance and the environment. Previous results of controlled vaccination trials have shown that the Q38 Subolesin/Akirin chimera containing conserved protective epitopes could be a candidate universal antigen to control multiple tick species infestations. Thus, vaccination trials are necessary to validate these results under field conditions. In this study, we characterized the effect of Q38 vaccine on a wild population of European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in the Andalusian roe deer Reference Station (Junta de Andalucía, Cádiz, Spain). In this location, roe deer suffer especially severe parasitic conditions in some periods and commercial pesticides and ixodicides that are authorized to control ticks without specificity are frequently applied in the field, posing a threat to the environment. Animals vaccinated over a three-year period showed an antibody response to the vaccine antigen and a reduction in tick infestations by multiple species including Hyalomma marginatum, H. lusitanicum, Rhipicephalus bursa and Ixodes ricinus previously identified in roe deer, when compared to untreated controls. These results suggest the efficacy of Q38 for the control of tick infestations in wildlife.
Collapse
|
19
|
Abel T, Boulaaba A, Lis K, Abdulmawjood A, Plötz M, Becker A. Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes in game meat applying sous vide cooking conditions. Meat Sci 2020; 167:108164. [PMID: 32361331 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2020.108164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of sous vide cooking at temperatures between 50 °C and 60 °C on the inactivation kinetics of Listeria (L.) monocytogenes. Nutrient broth and minced game meat (Capreolus capreolus and Sus scrofa) were inoculated with three strains of L. monocytogenes and cooked under sous vide conditions (50, 55 or 60 °C for several hours). Results showed that the decimal reduction values (D-values) were largely dependent on the surrounding matrix. D-values of 125.5, 29.7 and 5.1 min were reached for BHI (brain heart infusion) at 50 °C, 55 °C and 60 °C, respectively. For roe deer, D-values of 49.2, 14.9 and 3.7 min and for wild boar, D-values of 100.2, 23.8 and 4.2 min were reached. It can be concluded that microbiologically safe cooking durations under sous-vide conditions below 60 °C should be considered individually for each meat product due to the dramatic influence of the matrix in comparison to higher temperature conditions.
Collapse
|
20
|
Langenwalder DB, Silaghi C, Nieder M, Pfeffer M, von Loewenich FD. Co-infection, reinfection and superinfection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum strains in a cattle herd based on ankA gene and multilocus sequence typing. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:157. [PMID: 32228658 PMCID: PMC7106686 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium that replicates in neutrophil granulocytes. It is transmitted by ticks of the Ixodes ricinus complex and causes febrile illness in humans and animals. We used multilocus sequence typing (MLST) and ankA gene-based typing to study the molecular epidemiology of the A. phagocytophilum strains circulating in a German cattle herd over one pasture season. The aim was to investigate whether co-infection with two distinct variants, reinfection with the same and/or superinfection by a different strain occurred during one pasture season. Eight genetic loci were sequenced in 47 PCR-positive samples from 15 animals. RESULTS Five different sequence types (ST) and four ankA alleles were detected in the cattle herd. Three different ST caused clinically overt tick-borne fever in primary infected animals. The concordance between ST and ankA allele was 100%. Therefore, the housekeeping genes used for MLST and the highly variable ankA gene were concatenated to increase resolution. Co-infection could be proven because samples of chronologically close collection dates were included. Co-infecting A. phagocytophilum strains differed by 14 to 18 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Most superinfecting variants varied by 14 SNPs from the previous strain and appeared in median after a free interval of 31 days. Thus, it is unlikely that superinfecting strains arose by in-animal evolution. Immunity against re- or superinfection was assumed because the cattle developed clinical signs only during primary infection. CONCLUSIONS The tick-pathogen-vertebrate host interaction is probably much more complex than previously thought taking into account the frequently occurring events of co-infection, reinfection and superinfection. This complex situation could not be easily simulated in an experimental infection and underlines the value of field studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis B. Langenwalder
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Mainz, Obere Zahlbacherstrasse 67, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Cornelia Silaghi
- Institute of Infectology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Marion Nieder
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Pfeffer
- Institute for Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Friederike D. von Loewenich
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, University of Mainz, Obere Zahlbacherstrasse 67, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Król N, Chitimia-Dobler L, Dobler G, Karliuk Y, Birka S, Obiegala A, Pfeffer M. Tick burden on European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from Saxony, Germany, and detection of tick-borne encephalitis virus in attached ticks. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:1387-1392. [PMID: 32211989 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06637-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Southern Germany is known as tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) risk area; however, the north of the country is almost free of human TBE cases. Due to its location in the transition zone between TBE risk areas and areas with only sporadic cases, Saxony is of importance in the surveillance of TBE. Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), showing high seroprevalence of TBE virus (TBEV) antibodies, are considered to be sentinels for TBE risk assessment. Thus, roe deer could be used as indicators helping to better understand the focality of the TBEV in nature and as a possible source to isolate TBEV. Therefore, the aims of this study were to examine roe deer coats for the presence of ticks to establish the tick burden and to detect the TBEV in attached ticks. One hundred thirty-four roe deer coats were provided by hunters from the Hunting Association in Saxony (August 2017-January 2019). The coats were frozen at - 80 °C and after de-freezing examined on both sides-inside and outside. Attached and nonattached ticks were collected, morphologically identified and tested using real-time RT-PCR for the presence of TBEV. In total, 1279 ticks were found on 48 coats. The predominant species was Ixodes ricinus (99.76%; n = 1276). Three remaining specimens were Ixodes spp. (0.16%, 1 female and 1 nymph) and Dermacentor reticulatus (0.08%, 1 male). The average infestation rate was 26.7 (SD = 69.5), with maximum of 439 ticks per animal. Females were the dominant life stage of ticks (n = 536; 42%), followed by nymphs (n = 397; n = 31.1%), males (n = 175; 13.7%), and larvae (n = 168; 13.2%). Only half of collected ticks were attached (n = 662; 51.8%). TBEV was detected only in one tick out of 1279 tested ticks. It was a female infesting a roe deer from Saxon Switzerland-East Ore Mountain. The results show that the method used in this study is not sufficient as a sentinel marker to predict TBEV spreading in nature. Although previous studies demonstrated the usefulness of serological testing of roe deer in order to trace TBE-endemic regions, using ticks attached to them to get virus isolates is not productive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Król
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Lidia Chitimia-Dobler
- Institute of Microbiology of the Bundeswehr, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Gerhard Dobler
- Institute of Microbiology of the Bundeswehr, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937, Munich, Germany
| | - Yauhen Karliuk
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Birka
- Institute of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Obiegala
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martin Pfeffer
- Institute of Animal Hygiene and Veterinary Public Health, University of Leipzig, An den Tierkliniken 1, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Myczka AW, Jeżewski W, Filip-Hutsch KJ, Pyziel AM, Kowal J, Demiaszkiewicz AW, Laskowski Z. The morphological and molecular identification of the tapeworm, Taenia lynciscapreoli, in intermediate and definitive hosts in Poland. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2020; 11:213-220. [PMID: 32140407 PMCID: PMC7052074 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The tapeworm Taenia lynciscapreoli is a new species of the genus Taenia described in 2016, and which remains poorly understood. The aim of the present study is to extend current knowledge regarding its, morphology and genome. Biological material was analysed from three species of wild animals: Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) and moose (Alces alces). Twenty-four adult tapeworms and four larvae were obtained from Eurasian lynx and roe deer respectively; none were detected in the studied moose. On the basis of morphometric (hooks measurements) and molecular analysis (partial 780 bp cox 1 gene sequences), the analysed tapeworm was identified as Taenia lynciscapreoli species. The phylogenetic analysis of the obtained sequences identified two haplotypes. The obtained findings can be used to supplement the species description. To our knowledge this is the first morphological and molecular identification of T. lynciscapreoli in roe deer, intermediate host, in Poland. Study is molecular and morphological identification of T. lynciscapreoli in Poland. 78 animals from three species were examined: roe deer (71), moose (6) and lynx (1). 28 parasites specimens were analysed: larvae (4), adult (24). This is the first identification of T. lynciscapreoli in roe deer in Poland. New description of the tapeworm should include that the number of hooks is 30–38.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna W Myczka
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Witold Jeżewski
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna J Filip-Hutsch
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna M Pyziel
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 166, 02-787, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Kowal
- Department of Zoology and Ecology, Faculty of Animal Breeding and Biology, Agricultural University in Cracow, Adama Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Cracow, Poland
| | | | - Zdzisław Laskowski
- Witold Stefański Institute of Parasitology Polish Academy of Sciences, Twarda 51/55, 00-818, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Jamnikar-Ciglenecki U, Civnik V, Kirbis A, Kuhar U. A molecular survey, whole genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of astroviruses from roe deer. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:68. [PMID: 32085761 PMCID: PMC7035776 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02289-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although astroviruses (AstV) have been detected in a variety of host species, there are only limited records of their occurrence in deer. One of the most important game species in Europe, due to its meat and antlers, is roe deer. Infected game animals can pose a threat to the health of other animals and of humans, so more attention needs to be focused on understanding the diversity of viruses in wildlife. The complete genome and organization of the roe deer AstV genome have not so far been described. RESULTS In our study, 111 game animals were screened for the presence of AstV. While no AstVs were detected in red deer, wild boar, chamois and mouflon, AstV RNA was present in three samples of roe deer. They were further subjected to whole genome sequencing with next generation sequencing. In this study, two AstV genomes were assembled; one in sample D5-14 and one in sample D12-14, while, in sample D45-14, no AstV sequences were identified. The complete coding sequences of the AstV SLO/D5-14 strain genome and of the almost complete genome of the AstV SLO/D12-14 strain were determined. They showed a typical Mamastrovirus organization. Phylogenetic analyses and amino acid pairwise distance analysis revealed that Slovenian roe deer AstV strains are closely related to each other and, also, related to other deer, bovine, water buffalo, yak, Sichuan takin, dromedary, porcine and porcupine AstV strains - thus forming a highly supported group of currently unassigned sequences. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the existence of a new Mamastrovirus genogroup might be constituted while this aforementioned group is distantly related to Mamastrovirus genogroups I and II. In this study, additional data supporting a novel taxonomic classification are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Urska Jamnikar-Ciglenecki
- Institute of Food safety, Feed and Environment, University of Ljubljana, Veterinary faculty, Gerbičeva 60, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Vita Civnik
- Institute of Food safety, Feed and Environment, University of Ljubljana, Veterinary faculty, Gerbičeva 60, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Kirbis
- Institute of Food safety, Feed and Environment, University of Ljubljana, Veterinary faculty, Gerbičeva 60, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Urska Kuhar
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Ljubljana, Veterinary faculty, Gerbičeva 60, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rudaitytė-Lukošienė E, Delgado de Las Cuevas GE, Prakas P, Calero-Bernal R, Martínez-González M, Strazdaitė-Žielienė Ž, Servienė E, Habela MA, Butkauskas D. Sarcocystis spp. diversity in the roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from Lithuania and Spain. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:1363-1370. [PMID: 31927621 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06603-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) has been identified as an intermediate host for six known Sarcocystis species, S. capreolicanis, S. entzerothi, S. gracilis, S. linearis, S. oviformis, and S. silva. In this study, we identified Sarcocystis species in the diaphragm and tongue muscles from the Lithuanian and Spanish roe deer, respectively, on the basis of a microscopic examination and DNA analysis. A total of 43 and 27 sarcocysts were isolated and characterized from the Lithuanian and Spanish roe deer, respectively. Overall six Sarcocystis species were identified in roe deer from Lithuania, and only three of them, S. gracilis, S. linearis, and S. silva were found to have infecting animals from Spain. The current paper represents first molecular results of Sarcocystis species in the Spanish roe deer. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy examination revealed specific wall structure of sarcocysts studied, S. linearis was characterized by ribbon-like villar protrusions (vp) (type 8a), and S. oviformis was distinguished by elongated vp resembling spades or mushroom-like structures (type 39). Based on 18S rDNA and cox1 sequences, Sarcocystis species from the roe deer showed considerable intraspecific genetic variability. However, similar values of intraspecific genetic variation were estimated at both genes analysed. The highest variability was observed for S. capreolicanis and S. linearis in both genes and for S. silva at cox1. Consequently, the level of genetic variability of Sarcocystis from the roe deer varied depending on species rather than on gene analysed or geographical area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Rudaitytė-Lukošienė
- Nature Research Centre, Institute of Ecology, Akademijos 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | | | - P Prakas
- Nature Research Centre, Institute of Ecology, Akademijos 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - R Calero-Bernal
- SALUVET Group, Animal Health Department, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Martínez-González
- Animal Health Department, University of Extremadura, Avda. Universidad s/n, 10071, Cáceres, Spain
| | - Ž Strazdaitė-Žielienė
- Nature Research Centre, Institute of Ecology, Akademijos 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - E Servienė
- Nature Research Centre, Institute of Ecology, Akademijos 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - M A Habela
- Animal Health Department, University of Extremadura, Avda. Universidad s/n, 10071, Cáceres, Spain
| | - D Butkauskas
- Nature Research Centre, Institute of Ecology, Akademijos 2, LT-08412, Vilnius, Lithuania
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Remesar S, Díaz P, Prieto A, García-Dios D, Fernández G, López CM, Panadero R, Díez-Baños P, Morrondo P. Prevalence and molecular characterization of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from Spain. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2019; 11:101351. [PMID: 31822398 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2019.101351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Anaplasma phagocytophilum can infect a wide range of vertebrates; nevertheless, some genetic variants are associated with particular species of tick vectors and animal hosts. It has been suggested that roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) mainly acts as a reservoir of several A. phagocytophilum non-pathogenic variants for other animal species. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and identify the genetic variants of A. phagocytophilum in roe deer from Spain in order to assess host-pathogen associations and their pathogenic potential. The spleens of 212 roe deer hunted in Spain were individually collected and analysed by a commercial qPCR kit in order to detect the presence of A. phagocytophilum DNA. Positive samples were further characterized at groESL, 16S rRNA and msp2 partial genes. The possible influence of several intrinsic (age and sex) and extrinsic factors (ecological area) on A. phagocytophilum prevalence was analysed using a logistic regression. Overall, 41.5 % of the samples resulted positive to A. phagocytophilum. The percentage of infected roe deer was significantly higher in the Mediterranean and Oceanic areas than in the Continental and Mountain regions; nevertheless, prevalence was not related to age or sex. Sequence analysis at groESL and 16S rRNA genes allowed the identification of three ecotypes (I to III) and four variants ("Y", "X", "W", "I"), respectively. A high percentage of roe deer from Spain is infected with different variants of A. phagocytophilum; these results have implications for public and animal health since some of these ecotypes and variants have been previously identified in both human and animal clinical cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Remesar
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Pablo Díaz
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Alberto Prieto
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.
| | - David García-Dios
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Fernández
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Ceferino M López
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Rosario Panadero
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Pablo Díez-Baños
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Patrocinio Morrondo
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Evcin O, Kucuk O, Akturk E. Habitat suitability model with maximum entropy approach for European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in the Black Sea Region. Environ Monit Assess 2019; 191:669. [PMID: 31650357 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7853-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Evaluating the relationships between wildlife species and their habitats helps to predict effects of habitat change for present and future management of wild animal populations. Building ecological models are good ways to understand and manage wildlife populations and to predict various environmental scenarios. Recently, management of ungulates is becoming more important in Europe due to a high demand of hunting and their role in biodiversity. European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) is the smallest species of cervids and has a widespread distribution in Turkey. In this study, two habitat suitability models of roe deers, living in the Black Sea Region in Turkey, were created by using a maximum entropy (MaxEnt) approach. Two wildlife development areas, which have widely different habitat types, were selected as study sites. As a result of this study, area under the curve (AUC) values were found to be above 0.80. According to the modeling results, in two different habitat types, ecological variables are quite similar in general. This study is the first study on modeling European roe deers in Turkey.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ozkan Evcin
- Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Kastamonu University, 37100, Kastamonu, Turkey.
| | - Omer Kucuk
- Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Kastamonu University, 37100, Kastamonu, Turkey
| | - Emre Akturk
- Faculty of Forestry, Department of Forest Engineering, Kastamonu University, 37100, Kastamonu, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Remesar S, Díaz P, Prieto A, Markina F, Díaz Cao JM, López-Lorenzo G, Fernández G, López CM, Panadero R, Díez-Baños P, Morrondo P. Prevalence and distribution of Babesia and Theileria species in roe deer from Spain. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2019; 9:195-201. [PMID: 31193911 PMCID: PMC6545327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Babesiosis and Theileriosis are important worldwide-distributed tick-borne diseases for human and animals. Their presence in a particular area depends on the presence of suitable tick-vector and host species as well as competent reservoirs such as roe deer, one of the most abundant wild cervids in Spain. Spleen samples from 174 roe deer hunted in Spain were analysed to determine the prevalence of Babesia and Theileria species. DNA of both piroplasms was firstly detected using a commercial qPCR. Then, positive samples were molecularly characterized at the 18S rRNA and ITS1 genes of Babesia spp. and Theileria spp. The possible influence of some factors such as ecological area, age and sex was also assessed. Overall, 89.7% of roe deer were positive to any of the two piroplasms. Theileria spp. was more prevalent (60.9%) than Babesia spp. (19.0%); species identification could not be achieved in 17.3% of positive samples. Babesia prevalence was significantly higher in young animals and in roe deer from Oceanic regions, in contrast to Theileria spp. Five species were identified: Theileria sp. OT3 (60.3%), Babesia capreoli (15.5%), Babesia venatorum (2.9%), Theileria sp. 3185/02 (0.6%) and Babesia bigemina (0.6%). The coinfection B. capreoli/T. sp. OT3 was the most common (4.6%) followed by B. venatorum/T. sp. OT3 (0.6%) and B. bigemina/T. sp. OT3 (0.6%). Our results reveal that Theileria spp. and Babesia spp. are prevalent piroplasms in roe deer from Spain. These cervids can act as reservoirs for several Babesia and Theileria species, including the zoonotic B. venatorum. This study represents the first description of B. venatorum and B. bigemina in roe deer from Spain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Remesar
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Pablo Díaz
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Alberto Prieto
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | | | - Jose Manuel Díaz Cao
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Gonzalo López-Lorenzo
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Fernández
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Ceferino M. López
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Rosario Panadero
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Pablo Díez-Baños
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Patrocinio Morrondo
- Investigación en Sanidad Animal: Galicia (Grupo INVESAGA), Facultade de Veterinaria, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Venjakob PL, Vogel C, Clausen PH, Nijhof AM. First report of a Hypoderma diana infestation in alpaca (Vicugna pacos) in Germany. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:1963-1966. [PMID: 31069537 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06333-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A Hypoderma larva was removed from a painful swelling in the lumbar region of a 17-month-old male alpaca kept on a farm in the Brandenburg district, eastern Germany. Morphological analysis and sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene demonstrated it was a second instar larvae of Hypoderma diana. The main host of H. diana is the roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). This is the first description of hypodermosis caused by H. diana in a camelid species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter Lennart Venjakob
- Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Freie Universität Berlin, Königsweg 65, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Corinna Vogel
- Veterinary practice Thiele & Vogel, Heideweg 14, 15837, Baruth/Mark, Germany
| | - Peter-Henning Clausen
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ard M Nijhof
- Institute for Parasitology and Tropical Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kuhar U, Jamnikar-Ciglenecki U. High detection rate and high genetic diversity of genogroup I Picobirnaviruses from roe deer. Infect Genet Evol 2019; 73:210-213. [PMID: 31059785 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Picobirnaviruses (PBVs) have been characterized as opportunistic enteric pathogens detected in various domestic, zoo and wild animals, suggesting a wide host range of these viruses. It is thus important to monitor wild animals for the presence of various human and animal pathogens in order to identify a potential reservoir of infectious diseases. In this study, the first phylogenetic analysis of PBV from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) was performed with a total of 70 investigated samples of feces from roe deer collected in 2014 and 2015 during a survey throughout Slovenia. A high detection rate of PBVs was observed with newly designed specific primers, 42 samples out of 70 (60%) being positive. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial RdRp gene showed that roe deer PBV sequences were distributed over the whole phylogenetic tree and were distributed between 7 highly supported groups and 12 separate branches within the PBV genogroup I. The animal PBV strain most closely related to roe deer PBV strains was the Rhesus macaque PBV/BGD/PbV-55 strain, with 89.1% nucleotide identity to that of PBV SLO/D80-14. Overall nucleotide sequence identity between PBV strains obtained from roe deer ranged from 60.4 to 100%, confirming the high genetic diversity with no subtypes related to host species or geographic location in general. This first phylogenetic survey of roe deer PBVs provides further knowledge concerning the putative host range and confirms the high genetic diversity of these PBVs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Urska Kuhar
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Veterinary faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Urska Jamnikar-Ciglenecki
- Institute of Food safety, Feed and Environment, Veterinary faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lauková A, Bino E, Kubašová I, Strompfová V, Miltko R, Belzecki G, Pogány Simonová M. Characterisation of Faecal Staphylococci from Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus) and Red Deer (Cervus elaphus) and Their Susceptibility to Gallidermin. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2019; 12:302-310. [PMID: 30710249 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-019-9522-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Our current knowledge of microbiota in wild ruminants is limited. The goal of this study was to evaluate staphylococcal species in red and roe deer for various attributes (haemolysis, DNase, and urease activities; lactic acid and biofilm production; and antibiotic profile) and their susceptibility to gallidermin. Sixteen staphylococcal strains were identified from faeces of 21 free-living animals (9 adult female Cervus elaphus-red deer and 12 young female Capreolus capreolus-roe deer) sampled by the Polish colleagues in the Strzałowo Forest District, Piska Primaeval Forest. The variability in the species of staphylococci was determined. Seven species (Staphylococcus capitis, S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, S. hominis, S. pseudintermedius, S. vitulinus and S. warneri) and five clusters/groups of coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) were identified. The strains were generally not haemolytic and Dnase negative; did not form biofilms or only produced low-grade biofilms; exhibited high levels of lactic acid; were urease positive; and were generally susceptible to antibiotics (only two strains were resistant to multiple antibiotics). However, all of the strains were susceptible to the lantibiotic bacteriocin gallidermin, with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.0156 μg (up to 6400 AU/ml in arbitrary units). This is the first study to perform a detailed study of the properties of CoNS from roe and red deer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Lauková
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia.
| | - E Bino
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - I Kubašová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - V Strompfová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| | - R Miltko
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05 110, Jablonna, Poland
| | - G Belzecki
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3, 05 110, Jablonna, Poland
| | - M Pogány Simonová
- Institute of Animal Physiology, Centre of Biosciences of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Šoltésovej 4-6, 040 01, Košice, Slovakia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Regier Y, Komma K, Weigel M, Kraiczy P, Laisi A, Pulliainen AT, Hain T, Kempf VAJ. Combination of microbiome analysis and serodiagnostics to assess the risk of pathogen transmission by ticks to humans and animals in central Germany. Parasit Vectors 2019; 12:11. [PMID: 30616666 PMCID: PMC6322329 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arthropod-borne diseases remain a major health-threat for humans and animals worldwide. To estimate the distribution of pathogenic agents and especially Bartonella spp., we conducted tick microbiome analysis and determination of the infection status of wild animals, pets and pet owners in the state of Hesse, Germany. RESULTS In total, 189 engorged ticks collected from 163 animals were tested. Selected ticks were analyzed by next generation sequencing (NGS) and confirmatory PCRs, blood specimens of 48 wild animals were analyzed by PCR to confirm pathogen presence and sera of 54 dogs, one cat and 11 dog owners were analyzed by serology. Bartonella spp. were detected in 9.5% of all ticks and in the blood of 17 roe deer. Further data reveal the presence of the human and animal pathogenic species of genera in the family Spirochaetaceae (including Borrelia miyamotoi and Borrelia garinii), Bartonella spp. (mainly Bartonella schoenbuchensis), Rickettsia helvetica, Francisella tularensis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in ticks. Co-infections with species of several genera were detected in nine ticks. One dog and five dog owners were seropositive for anti-Bartonella henselae-antibodies and one dog had antibodies against Rickettsia conorii. CONCLUSIONS This study provides a snapshot of pathogens circulating in ticks in central Germany. A broad range of tick-borne pathogens are present in ticks, and especially in wild animals, with possible implications for animal and human health. However, a low incidence of Bartonella spp., especially Bartonella henselae, was detected. The high number of various detected pathogens suggests that ticks might serve as an excellent sentinel to detect and monitor zoonotic human pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Regier
- University Hospital, Goethe-University, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kassandra Komma
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Markus Weigel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Peter Kraiczy
- University Hospital, Goethe-University, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Arttu Laisi
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Center for Cancer, Infections and Immunity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Arto T Pulliainen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Research Center for Cancer, Infections and Immunity, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Torsten Hain
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany. .,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Volkhard A J Kempf
- University Hospital, Goethe-University, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cheynel L, Douhard F, Gilot-Fromont E, Rey B, Débias F, Pardonnet S, Carbillet J, Verheyden H, Hewison AJM, Pellerin M, Gaillard JM, Lemaître JF. Does body growth impair immune function in a large herbivore? Oecologia 2018; 189:55-68. [PMID: 30470888 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-018-4310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
According to the principle of allocation, trade-offs are inevitable when resources allocated to one biological function are no longer available for other functions. Growth, and to a lesser extent, immunity are energetically costly functions that may compete with allocation to reproductive success and survival. However, whether high allocation to growth impairs immune system development during the growing period or immune system performance during adulthood is currently unknown in wild mammals. Using three roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) populations experiencing contrasting environmental conditions, we tested for potential costs of growth on immune phenotype over both the short-term (during growth), and the long-term (during adulthood) over the course of an individuals' life. We investigated potential costs on a set of 12 immune traits that reflect both innate and adaptive responses, and compared them between sexes and populations. Although fast growth tended to be associated with low levels of some humoral traits (globulins) during the growing period and some cellular immune traits (i.e. eosinophil and neutrophil counts) during adulthood, evidence for a trade-off between growth and other immune components was limited. Unexpectedly, no detectable growth costs on immunity were found in females from the population experiencing the least favourable environment. We discuss our findings in the light of the complex interplay between resource allocation strategies among reproduction, maintenance and immunity, in relation to local environmental conditions experienced by roe deer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Cheynel
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
| | - F Douhard
- GenPhySE, Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, INP-ENVT, 31320, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - E Gilot-Fromont
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
- Université de Lyon, VetAgro Sup, Marcy-l'Etoile, France
| | - B Rey
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - F Débias
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - S Pardonnet
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - J Carbillet
- CEFS, Université de Toulouse, INRA, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - H Verheyden
- CEFS, Université de Toulouse, INRA, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - A J M Hewison
- CEFS, Université de Toulouse, INRA, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - M Pellerin
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Centre National de Recherches Appliquées sur les Cervidés-Sanglier, Bar-le-Duc, France
| | - J-M Gaillard
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| | - J-F Lemaître
- Université de Lyon, Université Lyon 1, UMR CNRS 5558, Villeurbanne Cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Jaenson TGT, Petersson EH, Jaenson DGE, Kindberg J, Pettersson JHO, Hjertqvist M, Medlock JM, Bengtsson H. The importance of wildlife in the ecology and epidemiology of the TBE virus in Sweden: incidence of human TBE correlates with abundance of deer and hares. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:477. [PMID: 30153856 PMCID: PMC6114827 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is one tick-transmitted disease where the human incidence has increased in some European regions during the last two decades. We aim to find the most important factors causing the increasing incidence of human TBE in Sweden. Based on a review of published data we presume that certain temperature-related variables and the population densities of transmission hosts, i.e. small mammals, and of primary tick maintenance hosts, i.e. cervids and lagomorphs, of the TBE virus vector Ixodes ricinus, are among the potentially most important factors affecting the TBE incidence. Therefore, we compare hunting data of the major tick maintenance hosts and two of their important predators, and four climatic variables with the annual numbers of human cases of neuroinvasive TBE. Data for six Swedish regions where human TBE incidence is high or has recently increased are examined by a time-series analysis. Results from the six regions are combined using a meta-analytical method. Results With a one-year time lag, the roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), red deer (Cervus elaphus), mountain hare (Lepus timidus) and European hare (Lepus europaeus) showed positive covariance; the Eurasian elk (moose, Alces alces) and fallow deer (Dama dama) negative covariance; whereas the wild boar (Sus scrofa), lynx (Lynx lynx), red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and the four climate parameters showed no significant covariance with TBE incidence. All game species combined showed positive covariance. Conclusions The epidemiology of TBE varies with time and geography and depends on numerous factors, i.a. climate, virus genotypes, and densities of vectors, tick maintenance hosts and transmission hosts. This study suggests that the increased availability of deer to I. ricinus over large areas of potential tick habitats in southern Sweden increased the density and range of I. ricinus and created new TBEV foci, which resulted in increased incidence of human TBE. New foci may be established by TBE virus-infected birds, or by birds or migrating mammals infested with TBEV-infected ticks. Generally, persistence of TBE virus foci appears to require presence of transmission-competent small mammals, especially mice (Apodemus spp.) or bank voles (Myodes glareolus). Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13071-018-3057-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G T Jaenson
- Department of Organismal Biology, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18d, SE-752 36, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Erik H Petersson
- Department of Aquatic Resources, Division of Freshwater Research, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Stångholmsvägen 2, SE-178 93, Drottningholm, Sweden
| | - David G E Jaenson
- Department of Automatic Control, Lund University, SE-221 00, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jonas Kindberg
- Department of Wildlife, Fish and Environmental Studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - John H-O Pettersson
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology and Modelling, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Lovisenberggata 8, N-0456, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology (IMBIM), Zoonosis Science Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, the University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia.,Public Health Agency of Sweden, Nobels väg 18, SE-171 82, Solna, Sweden
| | - Marika Hjertqvist
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Nobels väg 18, SE-171 82, Solna, Sweden
| | - Jolyon M Medlock
- Medical Entomology Group, Emergency Response Department, Public Health England, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK.,Health Protection Research Unit in Emerging Infections & Zoonoses, Porton Down, Salisbury, UK
| | - Hans Bengtsson
- Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Gothenburg, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Razanske I, Rosef O, Radzijevskaja J, Klepeckiene K, Lipatova I, Paulauskas A. Infections with Bartonella spp. in free-ranging cervids and deer keds (Lipoptena cervi) in Norway. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 58:26-30. [PMID: 30245047 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 02/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Bartonella bacteria are arthropod-borne and can cause long-term bacteremia in humans and animals. The predominant arthropod vectors and the mode of transmission for many novel Bartonella species remain elusive or essentially unstudied. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Bartonella spp. in Norwegian cervids and deer keds (Lipoptena cervi) and to characterise the bacteria by sequencing of the partial gltA gene and 16 S-23 S rRNA intergenic spacer region (ITS) in order to evaluate a possible transmission route. A total of 260 spleen samples and 118 deer keds were collected from cervids by hunters in the Southern part of Norway. Bartonella DNA was detected in 10.5% of spleen samples of roe deer (n = 67), in 35.1% red deer (n = 37), in 35.9% moose (n = 156), and in 85% pools of adult wingless deer ked (n = 59). Two Bartonella lineages were identified based on phylogenetic analysis of the gltA gene and ITS region sequences.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irma Razanske
- Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos str. 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Olav Rosef
- Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos str. 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania; Rosef Field Research Station, Frolandsveien, 2665, 4828 Mjåvatn, Norway
| | | | | | - Indre Lipatova
- Vytautas Magnus University, Vileikos str. 8, LT-44404 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Simpson VR, Blake DP. Parasitic pneumonia in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Cornwall, Great Britain, caused by Varestrongylus capreoli (Protostrongylidae). BMC Vet Res 2018; 14:198. [PMID: 29929509 PMCID: PMC6013949 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-018-1525-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) became extinct over large areas of Britain during the post mediaeval period but following re-introductions from Europe during the 1800s and early 1900s the population started to recover and in recent decades there has been a spectacular increase. Many roe deer are shot in Britain each year but despite this there is little published information on the diseases and causes of mortality of roe deer in Great Britain. CASE PRESENTATION The lungs of two hunter-shot roe deer in Cornwall showed multiple, raised, nodular lesions associated with numerous protostrongylid-type nematode eggs and first stage larvae. There was a pronounced inflammatory cell response (mostly macrophages, eosinophils and multinucleate giant cells) and smooth muscle hypertrophy of the smaller bronchioles. The morphology of the larvae was consistent with that of a Varestrongylus species and sequencing of an internal transcribed spacer-2 fragment confirmed 100% identity with a published Norwegian Varestrongylus cf. capreoli sequence. To the best of the authors' knowledge this is the first confirmed record of V. capreoli in Great Britain. Co-infection with an adult protostrongylid, identified by DNA sequencing as Varestrongylus sagittatus, was also demonstrated in one case. CONCLUSIONS Parasitic pneumonia is regarded as a common cause of mortality in roe deer and is typically attributed to infection with Dictyocaulus sp. This study has shown that Varestrongylus capreoli also has the capability to cause significant lung pathology in roe deer and heavy infection could be of clinical significance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor R Simpson
- Wildlife Veterinary Investigation Centre, Chacewater, Truro, Cornwall, TR4 8PB, UK.
| | - Damer P Blake
- Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire, AL9 7TA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Spancerniene U, Grigas J, Buitkuviene J, Zymantiene J, Juozaitiene V, Stankeviciute M, Razukevicius D, Zienius D, Stankevicius A. Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis E virus in pigs, wild boars, roe deer, red deer and moose in Lithuania. Acta Vet Scand 2018; 60:13. [PMID: 29471843 PMCID: PMC5824565 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-018-0367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is one of the major causes of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. In Europe, food-borne zoonotic transmission of HEV genotype 3 has been associated with domestic pigs and wild boar. Controversial data are available on the circulation of the virus in animals that are used for human consumption, and to date, no gold standard has yet been defined for the diagnosis of HEV-associated hepatitis. To investigate the current HEV infection status in Lithuanian pigs and wild ungulates, the presence of viral RNA was analyzed by nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR) in randomly selected samples, and the viral RNA was subsequently genotyped. Results In total, 32.98 and 22.55% of the domestic pig samples were HEV-positive using RT-nPCR targeting the ORF1 and ORF2 fragments, respectively. Among ungulates, 25.94% of the wild boar samples, 22.58% of the roe deer samples, 6.67% of the red deer samples and 7.69% of the moose samples were positive for HEV RNA using primers targeting the ORF1 fragment. Using primers targeting the ORF2 fragment of the HEV genome, viral RNA was only detected in 17.03% of the wild boar samples and 12.90% of the roe deer samples. Phylogenetic analysis based on a 348-nucleotide-long region of the HEV ORF2 showed that all obtained sequences detected in Lithuanian domestic pigs and wildlife belonged to genotype 3. In this study, the sequences identified from pigs, wild boars and roe deer clustered within the 3i subtype reference sequences from the GenBank database. The sequences obtained from pig farms located in two different counties of Lithuania were of the HEV 3f subtype. The wild boar sequences clustered within subtypes 3i and 3h, clearly indicating that wild boars can harbor additional subtypes of HEV. For the first time, the ORF2 nucleotide sequences obtained from roe deer proved that HEV subtype 3i can be found in a novel host. Conclusion The results of the viral prevalence and phylogenetic analyses clearly demonstrated viral infection in Lithuanian pigs and wild ungulates, thus highlighting a significant concern for zoonotic virus transmission through both the food chain and direct contact with animals. Unexpected HEV genotype 3 subtype diversity in Lithuania and neighboring countries revealed that further studies are necessary to understand the mode of HEV transmission between animals and humans in the Baltic States region.
Collapse
|
37
|
Andersen NS, Skarphédinsson S, Knudtzen FC, Olesen CR, Jensen TG, Jensen PM. Reduction in human Lyme neuroborreliosis associated with a major epidemic among roe deer. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2017; 9:379-381. [PMID: 29223586 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Lyme neuroborreliosis is the most severe clinical manifestation of Lyme borreliosis. In most of Denmark, and also Europe, the overall prevalence of Lyme borreliosis seems to be stabilising. This is not the case on the island of Funen, Denmark, where the number of human Lyme neuroborreliosis cases has markedly declined throughout the last decade. We propose the reason for the decline is a major epidemic among roe deer, killing almost half of their population, resulting in a reduction in the tick population which make it less likely to get a tick bite and therefore to contract Lyme neuroborreliosis. This is the first time such a relationship is described as a naturally occurring phenomenon in Europe.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nanna Skaarup Andersen
- Clinical Centre for Emerging and Vectorborne Infections, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Research Unit of Clinical Microbiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Sigurdur Skarphédinsson
- Clinical Centre for Emerging and Vectorborne Infections, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Fredrikke C Knudtzen
- Clinical Centre for Emerging and Vectorborne Infections, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
| | | | - Thøger Gorm Jensen
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.
| | - Per Moestrup Jensen
- Department of Plant- and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Lehel J, Zwillinger D, Bartha A, Lányi K, Laczay P. Food safety aspects of primary environmental contaminants in the edible tissues of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2017; 24:25372-25382. [PMID: 28933022 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0206-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The muscle, liver, kidney and fat samples of 20 roe deer of both sexes originating from a hunting area in central Hungary were investigated for the presence of heavy metals such as As, Cd, Hg and Pb, and their contents were evaluated for possible health risk to consumers. Both As and Hg were found at a level below the limit of detection (< 0.5 mg/kg wet weight) in all samples. The median of the measured Cd concentrations was significantly higher in both the kidney and the liver (p = 0.0011) of bucks than of does. In bucks, Cd levels exceeded the respective maximum limits laid down in the European legislation in four kidney and three muscle samples, whereas in does, the measured concentrations were below the respective limits in all samples. The detected amounts of Pb exceeded the maximum limits in the kidney of one buck and eight does, in the liver of two bucks and six does, in the muscle of six bucks and nine does, whereas in all fat tissues of both bucks and does. The concentration of Pb (p = 0.02) was significantly greater in the kidney of does compared to roebucks. Based on data obtained from the present study, the consumption of organs and tissues of the investigated roe deer could be objectionable from food-toxicological point of view and may pose risk to the high consumers of wild game due to their cadmium and lead contents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- József Lehel
- Department of Food Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, Budapest, H-1078, Hungary.
| | - Dóra Zwillinger
- Department of Food Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, Budapest, H-1078, Hungary
| | - András Bartha
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Herd Health and Veterinary Ethology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Lányi
- Department of Food Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, Budapest, H-1078, Hungary
| | - Péter Laczay
- Department of Food Hygiene, University of Veterinary Medicine, István u. 2, Budapest, H-1078, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Hornok S, Sugár L, Horváth G, Kovács T, Micsutka A, Gönczi E, Flaisz B, Takács N, Farkas R, Meli ML, Hofmann-Lehmann R. Evidence for host specificity of Theileria capreoli genotypes in cervids. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:473. [PMID: 29017556 PMCID: PMC5635527 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2403-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Data on the prevalence of piroplasms in buffaloes and large game animal species are lacking from several central European countries. Therefore, to investigate the presence of Babesia/Theileria DNA in these hosts, 239 blood and 270 spleen samples were taken from cervids (red, fallow, and roe deer), as well as from water buffaloes, mouflons, and wild boars in southwestern Hungary, followed by DNA extraction and molecular analysis for piroplasms. All samples from buffaloes and wild boars were PCR negative. Based on spleen samples, the prevalence of piroplasms was significantly higher in red deer (41.7%) than in fallow deer (23.5%). Two genotypes of Theileria capreoli were identified, which showed significant association with their host species (i.e. genotype “capreoli-CE1” was exclusively found in roe deer, whereas red and fallow deer harbored only genotype “elaphi-CE1”). Genotype “elaphi-CE1” of T. capreoli was also detected in one mouflon. No Babesia spp. were identified. In conclusion, in the evaluated region, genotypes of T. capreoli show host-associations among cervids, and at least one of these genotypes may infect mouflons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sándor Hornok
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - László Sugár
- Department of Game Management and Ethology, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Kaposvár, Kaposvár, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Enikő Gönczi
- Clinical Laboratory and Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Flaisz
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Takács
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Farkas
- Department of Parasitology and Zoology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Marina L Meli
- Clinical Laboratory and Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Regina Hofmann-Lehmann
- Clinical Laboratory and Center for Clinical Studies, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Shin T, Kim J, Choi Y, Ahn M. Glycan diversity in the vomeronasal organ of the Korean roe deer, Capreolus pygargus: A lectin histochemical study. Acta Histochem 2017; 119:778-785. [PMID: 29029805 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Glycans in the epithelium play an important role in cell-to-cell communication and adhesion. No detailed evaluation of glycoconjugates in the vomeronasal organs (VNO) of the roe deer has been published previously. The aim of this study was to characterize glycan epitopes in the vomeronasal sensory epithelium (VSE) and non-sensory epithelium (VNSE) using lectin histochemistry. Glycan epitopes identified by lectin histochemistry were grouped as follows: N-acetylglucosamine (s-WGA, WGA, BSL-II, DSL, LEL, STL), mannose (Con A, LCA, PSA), galactose (RCA120, BSL-I, Jacalin, PNA, ECL), N-acetylgalactosamine (VVA, DBA, SBA, and SJA), fucose (UEA-I) and complex type N-glycan (PHA-E and PHA-L) groups. The free border of the VSE was positive for all 21 lectins, and 18 of the lectins (excluding DBA, SJA, and PHA-L) showed weak and/or moderate staining in the receptor cells. The supporting cells were weakly positive for 19 lectins (excluding PNA and SJA). Moreover, 17 lectins (excluding BSL-II, Jacalin, PNA, and SJA) were expressed in the basal cells. In the VNSE of roe deer, the free border showed staining for all 21 lectins examined. The ciliated cells were positive for 16 lectins (excluding BSL-II, DSL, PNA, VVA, and SJA). Furthermore, 15 lectins (excluding DSL, LEL, ECL, UEA-I, PHA-E, and PHA-L) were expressed in goblet cells. Twenty lectins (excluding SJA) were expressed in the acini of the vomeronasal glands. Collectively, both VSE and VNSE were rich in N-acetylglucosamine, mannose, galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine, fucose, and complex-type N-glycans, although the different cell types of the VSE and VNSE expressed different glycoconjugates of varying intensities, suggesting that these carbohydrate residues may be involved in odor perception as well as cell-to-cell communication in the VNO.
Collapse
|
41
|
Kim J, Ahn M, Choi Y, Hyeon JY, Shin T. Immunohistochemical study of arginases 1 and 2 in the olfactory bulbs of the Korean roe deer, Capreolus pygargus. Acta Histochem 2017; 119:696-700. [PMID: 28886869 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Arginases are enzymes of the urea cycle that catalyze the hydrolysis of l-arginine to ornithine and urea. The enzymes are core components of the arginine-ornithine-glutamate-γ-amino butyric acid pathway of the central nervous system. In the present study, we immunohistochemically determined the localization of arginase 1 and 2 in the olfactory bulb (OB) of the roe dear (Capreolus pygargus). Reverse transcription PCR revealed that the mRNAs encoding both arginase 1 and 2 were expressed in the OB. Arginase 1 was localized to olfactory nerve axons, calcitonin gene-related peptide-positive mitral/tufted cells (excitatory neurons), and glutamate acid decarboxylase 65/67-immunopositive periglomerular cells of the main olfactory bulb. The arginase 2 immunoreactivities in the OB tissues were similar to those of arginase 1. Furthermore, both arginases were detected in the accessory olfactory bulb. These findings suggest that both arginase 1 and 2 are potentially associated with excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter activities in animal OBs, including those of the roe deer.
Collapse
|
42
|
Bos JH, Klip FC, Sprong H, Broens EM, Kik MJL. Clinical outbreak of babesiosis caused by Babesia capreoli in captive reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in the Netherlands. Ticks Tick Borne Dis 2017; 8:799-801. [PMID: 28648772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2017.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
From a herd of captive reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) consisting of two males and seven females with five calves, three calves were diagnosed on post mortem examination with a Babesia capreoli infection. The diagnosis was indicated by PCR and when the other reindeer were examined two adult females and a one-year-old male were Babesia-positive. Molecular characterization of the 18S rDNA of the parasite showed complete identity with known B. capreoli sequences. Ixodes ricinus has been demonstrated to be a competent vector for B. capreoli from infected roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), the natural host of B. capreoli. The B. capreoli infection in these reindeer may have been transmitted by infected ticks (Ixodes ricinus) originating from roe deer living in the forest and meadows surrounding the enclosure.
Collapse
|
43
|
Elfving K, Malmsten J, Dalin AM, Nilsson K. Serologic and Molecular Prevalence of Rickettsia helvetica and Anaplasma phagocytophilum in Wild Cervids and Domestic Mammals in the Central Parts of Sweden. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2017; 15:529-34. [PMID: 26378972 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2015.1768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Both Rickettsia helvetica and Anaplasma phagocytophilum are common in Ixodes ricinus ticks in Sweden. Knowledge is limited regarding different animal species' competence to act as reservoirs for these organism. For this reason, blood samples were collected from wild cervids (roe deer, moose) and domestic mammals (horse, cat, dog) in central Sweden, and sera were tested using immunofluorescence assay to detect antibodies against spotted fever rickettsiae using Rickettsia helvetica as antigen. Sera with a titer ≥1:64 were considered as positive, and 23.1% (104/450) of the animals scored positive. The prevalence of seropositivity was 21.5% (23/107) in roe deer, 23.3% (21/90) in moose, 36.5% (23/63) in horses, 22.1% (19/90) in cats, and 17.0% (17/100) in dogs. PCR analysis of 113 spleen samples from moose and sheep from the corresponding areas were all negative for rickettsial DNA. In roe deer, 85% (91/107) also tested seropositive for A. phagocytophilum with a titer cutoff of 1:128. The findings indicate that the surveyed animal species are commonly exposed to rickettsiae and roe deer also to A. phagocytophilum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Elfving
- 1 Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Clinical Bacteriology, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden .,5 Center of Clinical Research , Dalarna, Falun, Sweden
| | - Jonas Malmsten
- 3 Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Reproduction, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences , Uppsala, Sweden .,4 Department of Pathology and Wildlife Diseases, National Veterinary Institute , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anne-Marie Dalin
- 4 Department of Pathology and Wildlife Diseases, National Veterinary Institute , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Nilsson
- 1 Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Clinical Bacteriology, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden .,2 Department of Medical Sciences, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Uppsala University , Uppsala, Sweden .,5 Center of Clinical Research , Dalarna, Falun, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Malmsten A, Malmsten J, Blomqvist G, Näslund K, Vernersson C, Hägglund S, Dalin AM, Ågren EO, Valarcher JF. Serological testing of Schmallenberg virus in Swedish wild cervids from 2012 to 2016. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:84. [PMID: 28376790 PMCID: PMC5379663 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-1005-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schmallenberg virus (SBV) first emerged in Europe in 2011, and in Sweden in late 2012. The virus was still circulating in parts of Europe in 2015. In recent testing, the virus has not been detected in Swedish domestic animals, indicating that it is no longer circulating in Sweden. It is not known if the virus has circulated and is still circulating in Swedish wild cervid populations and whether wildlife can act as virus reservoirs. The aim of this study was to investigate whether SBV has circulated, and is still circulating among wild cervids in Sweden. RESULTS Ninety-two sera from moose (Alces alces, n = 22), red deer (Cervus elaphus, n = 15), fallow deer (Dama dama, n = 44), and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus, n = 11) were collected and analyzed for antibodies against SBV. The sampling occurred in the southern and middle part of Sweden during three time periods: 1) before the vector season in 2012, 2) after the vector season in 2012, and 3) after the vector season in 2015. Animals from periods 1 and 2 were of varying ages, whereas animals collected in period 3 were born after the vector season 2013. Animals from period 1 (n = 15) and 3 (n = 47) were seronegative, but, 53% (16 of 30) of animals from period 2 were seropositive, determined by SBV competitive ELISA. Samples from period 2 were additionally analyzed for SBV-neutralizing antibodies. Such antibodies were detected in 16/16 SBV-N-antibody-positive, 3/12 negative and 2/2 doubtful sera. The two tests were in accordance at SBV-neutralizing antibody titers of 1:32 or higher. CONCLUSION Our results show that SBV circulated among wild cervids during the vector season of 2012. Three years later, no SBV-antibodies were detected in animals born after the vector season 2013. The likely absence of SBV circulation in Sweden, in contrast to other parts of Europe, might be explained by the annual occurrence of a vector-free season due to climate conditions. Interpretations are limited by the small sample-size, but the results suggest that the SBV competitive ELISA has high specificity but might have slightly lower sensitivity compared to a seroneutralization assay, when using samples from wild cervids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Malmsten
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Reproduction, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - J Malmsten
- Department of Pathology and Wildlife Diseases, National Veterinary Institute, 751 89, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Wildlife, Fish, and Environmental studies, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 901 83, Umeå, Sweden
| | - G Blomqvist
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, 751 89, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - K Näslund
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, 751 89, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - C Vernersson
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Institute, 751 89, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Hägglund
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Host Pathogen Interaction Group, DOS, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - A-M Dalin
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Reproduction, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E O Ågren
- Department of Pathology and Wildlife Diseases, National Veterinary Institute, 751 89, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J-F Valarcher
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Host Pathogen Interaction Group, DOS, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences, Host Pathogen Interaction Group, Ruminant medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 7054, 750 07, Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Gjerde B, Giacomelli S, Bianchi A, Bertoletti I, Mondani H, Gibelli LR. Morphological and molecular characterization of four Sarcocystis spp., including Sarcocystis linearis n. sp., from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) in Italy. Parasitol Res 2017; 116:1317-38. [PMID: 28255918 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-017-5410-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Fresh (frozen/thawed) muscle samples from four 2-12-year-old roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from the Sondrio province in north-eastern Italy were examined under a dissecting microscope, and about 180 sarcocysts were isolated and identified to morphological type in wet mounts by light microscopy (LM). Seventy-seven of these sarcocysts were subsequently examined by molecular methods, comprising polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing of the partial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene (cox1) of all isolates, as well as PCR amplification, cloning and sequencing of the complete18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene of two isolates of each species found. By LM, three major sarcocyst types were recognised: spindle-shaped sarcocysts, 0.5-3 mm long, either with no clearly recognisable protrusions (thin-walled) or with finger-like protrusions (thick-walled); and slender, thread-like sarcocysts, 2-3 mm long, with hair-like protrusions. Sequencing of cox1 revealed that the sarcocysts belonged to four different species. Those with no visible protrusions either belonged to Sarcocystis gracilis (n = 24) or to a Sarcocystis taeniata-like species (n = 19), whereas those with finger- and hair-like protrusions belonged to Sarcocystis silva (n = 27) and Sarcocystis capreolicanis (n = 7), respectively. The 19 cox1 sequences of the S. taeniata-like species, comprising five haplotypes, differed from each other at 0-16 of 1038 nucleotide positions (98.5-100% identity). They differed from 25 previous cox1 sequences of S. taeniata from moose and sika deer (with 98.0-100% intraspecific identity), at 33-43 nucleotide positions (95.9-96.8% interspecific identity), and there were 20 fixed nucleotide differences between the two populations. In the phylogenetic analysis based on cox1 sequences, the two populations formed two separate monophyletic clusters. The S. taeniata-like species in roe deer was therefore considered to represent a separate species, which was named Sarcocystis linearis n. sp. At the 18S rRNA gene, however, the two species could not be clearly separated from each other. Thus, there was considerable intraspecific sequence variation in the 18S rRNA gene of S. linearis (98.1-99.9% identity between 24 sequences), which was similar both in magnitude and nature to the variation previously found in this gene of S. taeniata. The new 18S rRNA gene sequences of S. linearis shared an identity of 97.9-99.6% with those of S. taeniata (overlap between intra- and interspecific identity), and in the phylogenetic tree, sequences of the two species were interspersed. By scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the sarcocysts of S. linearis were found to possess regularly spaced, thin and narrow ribbon-like cyst wall protrusions (about 2.8-3.2 μm long, 0.3-0.4 μm wide and about 0.02-0.03 μm thick), terminating in a plate-like structure of the same thickness but with an elliptic outline (about 0.3-0.4 μm wide and 0.7-0.9 μm long). The terminal plates were connected in the middle with the band-like portion of the protrusions like the board of a seesaw (tilting board). The terminal plates of adjacent protrusions were neatly arranged in a hexagonal pattern resembling tiles on a roof. Together, they formed an outer roof-like layer facing the surrounding cytoplasm of the host cell and completely covering the band-like proximal portion of the protrusions, which overlapped and were stacked in three to four layers close to the cyst surface. The sarcocyst morphology of S. linearis was consistent with that of an unnamed Sarcocystis sp. in roe deer previously found by transmission electron microscopy in several countries, including Italy. A few sarcocysts of S. gracilis and S. silva were also examined by SEM, confirming the presence of regularly distributed, short knob-like protrusions in S. gracilis (as seen in previous SEM studies) and revealing tightly packed, erect 6-7-μm-long villus-like protrusions having regularly distributed round depressions on their surface in S. silva. The sequencing of cox1 of 7, 24 and 27 new isolates of S. capreolicanis, S. gracilis and S. silva, respectively, recovered 7, 11 and 10 new haplotypes from each of the three species and expanded our knowledge on the intraspecific sequence variation at this marker. Similarly, the study revealed a more extensive intragenomic sequence variation at the 18S rRNA gene of S. capreolicanis and S. silva than known from previous studies and confirmed a near absence of such variation in the 18S rRNA gene of S. gracilis.
Collapse
|
46
|
Kriz B, Daniel M, Benes C, Maly M. The role of game (wild boar and roe deer) in the spread of tick-borne encephalitis in the Czech Republic. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2017; 14:801-7. [PMID: 25409271 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2013.1569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Czech Republic, the incidence of human tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) has been increasing over the last two decades. At the same time, populations of game have also shown an upward trend. In this country, the ungulate game is the main host group of hosts for Ixodes ricinus female ticks. This study examined the potential contribution of two most widespread game species (roe deer [Capreolus capreolus] and wild boar [Sus scrofa]) to the high incidence of TBE in the Czech Republic, using the annual numbers of culls as a proxy for the game population. This was an ecological study, with annual figures for geographical areas-municipalities with extended competence (MEC)-used as units of analysis. Between 2003 and 2011, a total of 6213 TBE cases were reported, and 1062,308 roe deer and 989,222 wild boars were culled; the culls of roe deer did not demonstrate a clear temporal trend, but wild boar culls almost doubled (from 77,269 to 143,378 per year). Statistical analyses revealed a positive association between TBE incidence rate and the relative number of culled wild boars. In multivariate analyses, a change in the numbers of culled wild boars between the 25th and 75th percentile was associated with TBE incidence rate ratio of 1.23 (95% confidence interval 1.07-1.41, p=0.003). By contrast, the association of TBE with culled roe deer was not statistically significant (p=0.481). The results suggest that the size of the wild boar population may have contributed to the current high levels and the rising trend in incidence of TBE, whereas the regulated population of roe deer does not seem to be implicated in recent geographical or temporal variations in TBE in the Czech Republic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bohumir Kriz
- National Institute of Public Health, 3rd Medical Faculty, Charles University , Praha, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Enemark HL, Oksanen A, Chriél M, le Fèvre Harslund J, Woolsey ID, Al-Sabi MNS. Detection and molecular characterization of the mosquito-borne filarial nematode Setaria tundra in Danish roe deer ( Capreolus capreolus). Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 2017; 6:16-21. [PMID: 28229043 PMCID: PMC5312512 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Setaria tundra is a mosquito-borne filarial nematode of cervids in Europe. It has recently been associated with an emerging epidemic disease causing severe morbidity and mortality in reindeer and moose in Finland. Here, we present the first report of S. tundra in six roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) collected between October 2010 and March 2014 in Denmark. The deer originated from various localities across the country: the eastern part of the Jutland peninsular and four locations on the island Zealand. With the exception of one deer, with parasites residing in a transparent cyst just under the liver capsule, worms (ranging from 2 to >20/deer) were found free in the peritoneal cavity. The worms were identified as S. tundra by morphological examination and/or molecular typing of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA and cox1 genes, which showed 99.1–99.8% identity to previously published S. tundra isolates from Europe. Roe deer are generally considered as asymptomatic carriers and their numbers in Denmark have increased significantly in recent decades. In light of climatic changes which result in warmer, more humid weather in Scandinavia greater numbers of mosquitoes and, especially, improved conditions for development of parasite larvae in the mosquito vectors are expected, which may lead to increasing prevalence of S. tundra. Monitoring of this vector-borne parasite may thus be needed in order to enhance the knowledge of factors promoting its expansion and prevalence as well as predicting disease outbreaks. Setaria tundra was recovered from six roe deer in Denmark. Infected deer originated from Jutland and Zealand. Worms were found in the peritoneal cavity and under the liver capsule. 12S rRNA and cox1sequences showed 99.1–99.8% identity to other European isolates. Climatic changes and increasing density of deer may affect prevalence of S. tundra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Larsen Enemark
- Technical University of Denmark, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750, Sentrum, NO-0106 Oslo, Norway
| | - Antti Oksanen
- Finnish Food Safety Authority Evira, Production Animal and Wildlife Health Research Unit (FINPAR), Elektroniikkatie 3, FI-90590, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mariann Chriél
- Technical University of Denmark, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | - Ian David Woolsey
- Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 750, Sentrum, NO-0106 Oslo, Norway
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Dugat T, Zanella G, Véran L, Lesage C, Girault G, Durand B, Lagrée AC, Boulouis HJ, Haddad N. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis potentially reveals the existence of two groups of Anaplasma phagocytophilum circulating in cattle in France with different wild reservoirs. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:596. [PMID: 27876073 PMCID: PMC5120488 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1888-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Anaplasma phagocytophilum is the causative agent of tick-borne fever, a disease with high economic impact for domestic ruminants in Europe. Epidemiological cycles of this species are complex, and involve different ecotypes circulating in various host species. To date, these epidemiological cycles are poorly understood, especially in Europe, as European reservoir hosts (i.e. vertebrate hosts enabling long-term maintenance of the bacterium in the ecosystem), of the bacterium have not yet been clearly identified. In this study, our objective was to explore the presence, the prevalence, and the genetic diversity of A. phagocytophilum in wild animals, in order to better understand their implications as reservoir hosts of this pathogen. Methods The spleens of 101 wild animals were collected from central France and tested for the presence of A. phagocytophilum DNA by msp2 qPCR. Positive samples were then typed by multi-locus variable-number tandem repeat (VNTR) analysis (MLVA), and compared to 179 previously typed A. phagocytophilum samples. Results Anaplasma phagocytophilum DNA was detected in 82/101 (81.2%) animals including 48/49 red deer (98%), 20/21 roe deer (95.2%), 13/29 wild boars (44.8%), and 1/1 red fox. MLVA enabled the discrimination of two A. phagocytophilum groups: group A contained the majority of A. phagocytophilum from red deer and two thirds of those from cattle, while group B included a human strain and variants from diverse animal species, i.e. sheep, dogs, a horse, the majority of variants from roe deer, and the remaining variants from cattle and red deer. Conclusions Our results suggest that red deer and roe deer are promising A. phagocytophilum reservoir host candidates. Moreover, we also showed that A. phagocytophilum potentially circulates in at least two epidemiological cycles in French cattle. The first cycle may involve red deer as reservoir hosts and cattle as accidental hosts for Group A strains, whereas the second cycle could involve roe deer as reservoir hosts and at least domestic ruminants, dogs, horses, and humans as accidental hosts for Group B strains. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13071-016-1888-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Dugat
- Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, UMR BIPAR, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Gina Zanella
- Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Unité d'Epidémiologie, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Luc Véran
- Fédération des chasseurs du Loiret, Orléans, France
| | | | - Guillaume Girault
- Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Unité des Zoonoses Bactériennes, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Benoît Durand
- Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, Unité d'Epidémiologie, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Anne-Claire Lagrée
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Henri-Jean Boulouis
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Nadia Haddad
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, UMR BIPAR, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Prakas P, Rudaitytė E, Butkauskas D, Kutkienė L. Sarcocystis entzerothi n. sp. from the European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus). Parasitol Res 2017; 116:271-9. [PMID: 27752769 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5288-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we describe Sarcocystis entzerothi n. sp. from the European roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) based on the microscopical and DNA analysis. By light microscopy (LM), cysts of S. entzerothi were spindle-shaped with pointed tips, 950-1900 × 70-150 μm in size and had 5-6 μm long finger-like cyst wall protrusions. Cyst wall of S. entzerothi by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was type 10a-like; villar protrusions were up to 1.2 μm wide, densely packed, lying about 0.1 μm between each other, had profuse microgranules and microfilaments, parasitophorous vacuolar membrane had many minute invaginations, and the ground substance layer measured up to 0.4 μm. This species is morphologically similar to Sarcocystis silva, previously found in the roe deer and the moose (Alces alces). By LM, cysts of S. silva were cigar-shaped with blunted tips, measured 1000-1500 × 130-184 μm, and had 7-8 μm long finger-like cyst wall protrusions. Under TEM, S. silva had no clear differences from S. entzerothi in their cyst wall ultrastructure. Having examined six roe deer hunted in Lithuania, cysts of S. entzerothi and S. silva were identified in four and two animals, respectively. These two Sarcocystis species could be morphologically differentiated according to the shape of the cysts and the length of protrusions. The species examined showed 95.6-96.1 % and 85.6-86.9 % sequence identity within 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) and cox1, respectively, and therefore they could be clearly distinguished by means of molecular methods. It should be noted that in the 18S rDNA phylogenetic tree, S. entzerothi from the roe deer was placed together with one sequence of Sarcocystis sp. from the Lithuanian red deer (Cervus elaphus) demonstrating the same species. Based on 18S rDNA and cox1 sequences, S. entzerothi was more closely related to Sarcocystis species transmitted via felids than canids.
Collapse
|
50
|
Sol AM, Gerardo P, Natividad DB, Ana PC, Alberto P, Pablo DB, Patrocinio M. Cephenemyiosis, an emergent myiasis in roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from northwestern Spain. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:4605-4610. [PMID: 27623698 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5251-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cephenemyia stimulator larvae cause a specific myiasis in roe deer, which is widely distributed in Europe. In Spain, this parasite was detected by the first time in 2005, coinciding with a high mortality of this ruminant especially in northwest of the country. The aim of this study was to analyse the results obtained by necropsy and ELISA to elucidate when the first infestation by C. stimulator in roe deer from northwestern Spain occurred, as well as to determine the influence of some intrinsic factors on the prevalence and intensity of infestation. During 1994-2000, none seropositive roe deer was observed by ELISA. However, from 2007 to 2014, 38 % of animals were seropositive. The results of the necropsy pointed that prevalence and intensity of infestation had increased over the years. There was a positive and significant correlation between the number of animals harbouring C. stimulator larvae and seroprevalence values. This significant correlation was also observed between the seroprevalence and mean intensity of infestation. Adult roe deer showed higher prevalence and intensity of infestation than younger reaching statistical significance. It is also detected that the prevalence of infestation was significantly higher in males than in females although the mean number of larvae found in females were higher than in males. The combined use of direct and indirect techniques demonstrated a high prevalence of C. stimulator infestation in roe deer in the northwest of Spain, which certainly highlights the importance of this myiasis during the last years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arias María Sol
- Department of Animal Pathology (INVESAGA Group), Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain.
| | - Pajares Gerardo
- Department of Animal Pathology (INVESAGA Group), Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Díez-Baños Natividad
- Department of Animal Pathology (INVESAGA Group), Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Pérez-Creo Ana
- Department of Animal Pathology (INVESAGA Group), Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Prieto Alberto
- Department of Animal Pathology (INVESAGA Group), Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Díez-Baños Pablo
- Department of Animal Pathology (INVESAGA Group), Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| | - Morrondo Patrocinio
- Department of Animal Pathology (INVESAGA Group), Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Santiago de Compostela, Lugo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|