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McClelland C, Holland OJ, Shrestha N, Jukes CL, Brandon AE, Cuffe JSM, Perkins AV, McAinch AJ, Hryciw DH. Maternal Diet High in Linoleic Acid Alters Renal Branching Morphogenesis and mTOR/AKT Signalling Genes in Rat Fetal Kidneys. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4688. [PMID: 38731907 PMCID: PMC11083378 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Linoleic acid (LA), an n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), is obtained from the maternal diet during pregnancy, and is essential for normal fetal growth and development. A maternal high-LA (HLA) diet alters maternal and offspring fatty acids, maternal leptin and male/female ratio at embryonic (E) day 20 (E20). We investigated the effects of an HLA diet on embryonic offspring renal branching morphogenesis, leptin signalling, megalin signalling and angiogenesis gene expression. Female Wistar Kyoto rats were fed low-LA (LLA; 1.44% energy from LA) or high-LA (HLA; 6.21% energy from LA) diets during pregnancy and gestation/lactation. Offspring were sacrificed and mRNA from kidneys was analysed by real-time PCR. Maternal HLA decreased the targets involved in branching morphogenesis Ret and Gdnf in offspring, independent of sex. Furthermore, downstream targets of megalin, namely mTOR, Akt3 and Prkab2, were reduced in offspring from mothers consuming an HLA diet, independent of sex. There was a trend of an increase in the branching morphogenesis target Gfra1 in females (p = 0.0517). These findings suggest that an HLA diet during pregnancy may lead to altered renal function in offspring. Future research should investigate the effects an HLA diet has on offspring kidney function in adolescence and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie McClelland
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (C.M.); (O.J.H.); (N.S.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Olivia J. Holland
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (C.M.); (O.J.H.); (N.S.); (A.V.P.)
- Women’s Newborn and Childrens Services, Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia
| | - Nirajan Shrestha
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (C.M.); (O.J.H.); (N.S.); (A.V.P.)
| | - Claire L. Jukes
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (C.L.J.); (A.E.B.)
| | - Anna E. Brandon
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia; (C.L.J.); (A.E.B.)
| | - James S. M. Cuffe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Anthony V. Perkins
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Science, Griffith University, Southport, QLD 4222, Australia; (C.M.); (O.J.H.); (N.S.); (A.V.P.)
- School of Health, University of Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia
| | - Andrew J. McAinch
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC 3011, Australia
- Australian Institute for Musculoskeletal Science (AIMSS), Victoria University, St. Albans, VIC 3021, Australia
| | - Deanne H. Hryciw
- Women’s Newborn and Childrens Services, Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service, Southport, QLD 4215, Australia
- Griffith Institute of Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
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Mahmoud SF, Elewa YH, Nomir AG, Rashwan AM, Noreldin AE. Calbindin Has a Potential Spatiotemporal Correlation with Proliferation and Apoptosis in the Postnatal Rat Kidney. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:1705-1717. [PMID: 37584523 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
The protein calbindin-D28k modulates calcium reabsorption in the kidney. Here, we aimed to study the influence of proliferation and apoptosis in different compartments of the kidney on the developmental function of calbindin. Using immunohistochemistry, we investigated the postnatal development of rats' kidneys by using calbindin, proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and apoptotic single-stranded DNA (ssDNA). In the neonatal stage (1-day and 1-week-old rats), calbindin showed a positive reaction in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT), a short nephron segment between the macula densa, collecting ducts, and tubules. Moreover, the localization of calbindin was restricted to immature nephrons and mesenchymal tissues. Furthermore, PCNA immunoreactivity was moderate in early-developed podocytes with no reactivity in other renal tubules. The ssDNA immunoreactivity was moderate in the undifferentiated nephron. Then, in the mature stage (3 and 6 weeks old), there was an intense calbindin reaction in DCT but a moderate reaction to PCNA and ssDNA in podocytes. A more intense calbindin reactivity was found in the adult stage (2- and 3-month-old rats) in DCT and collecting tubules. Therefore, in this study, calbindin localization showed an inverse relationship with PCNA and ssDNA of the nephron compartments, which might reflect the efficiency of bone-building and muscle contraction during animal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar F Mahmoud
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Al Gomhouria St, Scientific Campus, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Yaser H Elewa
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, El Tagneed St, Agriculture Square, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Basic Veterinary Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita Ku, Kita18, Nishi 9 Jo, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan
| | - Ahmed G Nomir
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Al Gomhouria St, Scientific Campus, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Rashwan
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Al Gomhouria St, Scientific Campus, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
- Laboratory of Life science frontiers, Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ahmed E Noreldin
- Department of Histology and Cytology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Al Gomhouria St, Scientific Campus, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
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Bordeu I, Chatzeli L, Simons BD. Inflationary theory of branching morphogenesis in the mouse salivary gland. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3422. [PMID: 37296120 PMCID: PMC10256724 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39124-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that regulate the patterning of branched epithelia remain a subject of long-standing debate. Recently, it has been proposed that the statistical organization of multiple ductal tissues can be explained through a local self-organizing principle based on the branching-annihilating random walk (BARW) in which proliferating tips drive a process of ductal elongation and stochastic bifurcation that terminates when tips encounter maturing ducts. Here, applied to mouse salivary gland, we show the BARW model struggles to explain the large-scale organization of tissue. Instead, we propose that the gland develops as a tip-driven branching-delayed random walk (BDRW). In this framework, a generalization of the BARW, tips inhibited through steric interaction with proximate ducts may continue their branching program as constraints become alleviated through the persistent expansion of the surrounding tissue. This inflationary BDRW model presents a general paradigm for branching morphogenesis when the ductal epithelium grows cooperatively with the domain into which it expands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Bordeu
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physics, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lemonia Chatzeli
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Bartik ZI, Sillén U, Djos A, Lindholm A, Fransson S. Whole exome sequencing identifies KIF26B, LIFR and LAMC1 mutations in familial vesicoureteral reflux. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277524. [PMID: 36417404 PMCID: PMC9683562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a common urological problem in children and its hereditary nature is well recognised. However, despite decades of research, the aetiological factors are poorly understood and the genetic background has been elucidated in only a minority of cases. To explore the molecular aetiology of primary hereditary VUR, we performed whole-exome sequencing in 13 large families with at least three affected cases. A large proportion of our study cohort had congenital renal hypodysplasia in addition to VUR. This high-throughput screening revealed 23 deleterious heterozygous variants in 19 candidate genes associated with VUR or nephrogenesis. Sanger sequencing and segregation analysis in the entire families confirmed the following findings in three genes in three families: frameshift LAMC1 variant and missense variants of KIF26B and LIFR genes. Rare variants were also found in SALL1, ROBO2 and UPK3A. These gene variants were present in individual cases but did not segregate with disease in families. In all, we demonstrate a likely causal gene variant in 23% of the families. Whole-exome sequencing technology in combination with a segregation study of the whole family is a useful tool when it comes to understanding pathogenesis and improving molecular diagnostics of this highly heterogeneous malformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa I. Bartik
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Paediatric Uronephrologic Centre, Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulla Sillén
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Paediatric Uronephrologic Centre, Queen Silvia Children’s Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Djos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Lindholm
- Department of Paediatrics, County Hospital Ryhov, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Susanne Fransson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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Perl AJ, Schuh MP, Kopan R. Regulation of nephron progenitor cell lifespan and nephron endowment. Nat Rev Nephrol 2022; 18:683-695. [PMID: 36104510 PMCID: PMC11078284 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-022-00620-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Low nephron number - resulting, for example, from prematurity or developmental anomalies - is a risk factor for the development of hypertension, chronic kidney disease and kidney failure. Considerable interest therefore exists in the mechanisms that regulate nephron endowment and contribute to the premature cessation of nephrogenesis following preterm birth. The cessation of nephrogenesis in utero or shortly after birth is synchronized across multiple niches in all mammals, and is coupled with the exhaustion of nephron progenitor cells. Consequently, no nephrons are formed after the cessation of developmental nephrogenesis, and lifelong renal function therefore depends on the complement of nephrons generated during gestation. In humans, a tenfold variation in nephron endowment between individuals contributes to differences in susceptibility to kidney disease; however, the mechanisms underlying this variation are not yet clear. Salient advances in our understanding of environmental inputs, and of intrinsic molecular mechanisms that contribute to the regulation of cessation timing or nephron progenitor cell exhaustion, have the potential to inform interventions to enhance nephron endowment and improve lifelong kidney health for susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Perl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Meredith P Schuh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Raphael Kopan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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Minuth WW. The interstitium at the developing nephron in the fetal kidney during advanced pregnancy - a microanatomical inventory. Mol Cell Pediatr 2022; 9:17. [PMID: 36008693 PMCID: PMC9411487 DOI: 10.1186/s40348-022-00149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A series of noxae can evoke the termination of nephron formation in preterm and low birth weight babies. This results in oligonephropathy with severe consequences for health in the later life. Although the clinical parameters have been extensively investigated, little is known about the initial damage. Previous pathological findings indicate the reduction in width of the nephrogenic zone and the lack of S-shaped bodies. Current morphological investigations suggest that due to the mutual patterning beside the forming nephron, also its structural neighbors, particularly the interjacent interstitium, must be affected. However, beside the findings on integrative and mastering functions, systematic microanatomical data explaining the configuration of the interstitium at the developing nephron in the fetal kidney during advanced pregnancy is not available. Therefore, this work explains the typical features. Results The generated data depicts that the progenitor cells, nephrogenic niche, pretubular aggregate, and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition are restricted to the subcapsular interstitium. During the proceeding development, only the distal pole of the renal vesicles and comma- and S-shaped bodies stays in further contact with it. The respective proximal pole is positioned opposite the peritubular interstitium at the connecting tubule of an underlying but previously formed nephron. The related medial aspect faces the narrow peritubular interstitium of a collecting duct (CD) ampulla first only at its tip, then at its head, conus, and neck, and finally at the differentiating CD tubule. The lateral aspect starts at the subcapsular interstitium, but then it is positioned along the wide perivascular interstitium of the neighboring ascending perforating radiate artery. When the nephron matures, the interstitial configuration changes again. Conclusions The present investigation illustrates that the interstitium at the forming nephron in the fetal kidney consists of existing, transient, stage-specific, and differently far matured compartments. According to the developmental needs, it changes its shape by formation, degradation, fusion, and rebuilding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will W Minuth
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany.
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Comparative whole-genome transcriptome analysis in renal cell populations reveals high tissue specificity of MAPK/ERK targets in embryonic kidney. BMC Biol 2022; 20:112. [PMID: 35550069 PMCID: PMC9102746 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01309-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MAPK/ERK signaling is a well-known mediator of extracellular stimuli controlling intracellular responses to growth factors and mechanical cues. The critical requirement of MAPK/ERK signaling for embryonic stem cell maintenance is demonstrated, but specific functions in progenitor regulation during embryonic development, and in particular kidney development remain largely unexplored. We previously demonstrated MAPK/ERK signaling as a key regulator of kidney growth through branching morphogenesis and normal nephrogenesis where it also regulates progenitor expansion. Here, we performed RNA sequencing-based whole-genome expression analysis to identify transcriptional MAPK/ERK targets in two distinct renal populations: the ureteric bud epithelium and the nephron progenitors. Results Our analysis revealed a large number (5053) of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in nephron progenitors and significantly less (1004) in ureteric bud epithelium, reflecting likely heterogenicity of cell types. The data analysis identified high tissue-specificity, as only a fraction (362) of MAPK/ERK targets are shared between the two tissues. Tissue-specific MAPK/ERK targets participate in the regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism in nephron progenitors, which fail to maintain normal mitochondria numbers in the MAPK/ERK-deficient tissue. In the ureteric bud epithelium, a dramatic decline in progenitor-specific gene expression was detected with a simultaneous increase in differentiation-associated genes, which was not observed in nephron progenitors. Our experiments in the genetic model of MAPK/ERK deficiency provide evidence that MAPK/ERK signaling in the ureteric bud maintains epithelial cells in an undifferentiated state. Interestingly, the transcriptional targets shared between the two tissues studied are over-represented by histone genes, suggesting that MAPK/ERK signaling regulates cell cycle progression and stem cell maintenance through chromosome condensation and nucleosome assembly. Conclusions Using tissue-specific MAPK/ERK inactivation and RNA sequencing in combination with experimentation in embryonic kidneys, we demonstrate here that MAPK/ERK signaling maintains ureteric bud tip cells, suggesting a regulatory role in collecting duct progenitors. We additionally deliver new mechanistic information on how MAPK/ERK signaling regulates progenitor maintenance through its effects on chromatin accessibility and energy metabolism. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01309-z.
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CRLF1 and CLCF1 in Development, Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020992. [PMID: 35055176 PMCID: PMC8780587 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines and their receptors have a vital function in regulating various processes such as immune function, inflammation, haematopoiesis, cell growth and differentiation. The interaction between a cytokine and its specific receptor triggers intracellular signalling cascades that lead to altered gene expression in the target cell and consequent changes in its proliferation, differentiation, or activation. In this review, we highlight the role of the soluble type I cytokine receptor CRLF1 (cytokine receptor-like factor-1) and the Interleukin (IL)-6 cytokine CLCF1 (cardiotrophin-like cytokine factor 1) during development in physiological and pathological conditions with particular emphasis on Crisponi/cold-induced sweating syndrome (CS/CISS) and discuss new insights, challenges and possibilities arising from recent studies.
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Cook B, Combes A, Little M, Osborne JM. Modelling Cellular Interactions and Dynamics During Kidney Morphogenesis. Bull Math Biol 2021; 84:8. [PMID: 34837548 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-021-00968-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Kidney disease and renal disorders account for a significant proportion of health complications in mid-late adulthood worldwide. Many renal deficiencies are due to improper formation of the kidneys before birth, which are caused by disorders in the developmental process that arise from genetic and/or environmental factors. Mathematical modelling can help build on experimental knowledge to increase our understanding of the complexities of kidney organogenesis. In this paper, we present a discrete cell-based model of kidney development. Specifically, we model the tip of the developing ureteric tree to investigate the behaviours of cap mesenchyme cells which are required to sustain ureteric tip growth. We find that spatial regulation of the differentiation of cap mesenchyme cells through cellular signalling is sufficient to ensure robust ureteric tip development. Additionally, we find that increased adhesion interactions between cap mesenchyme cells and the ureteric tip surface can lead to a more stable tip-cap unit. Our analysis of the various processes on this scale highlights essential components for healthy kidney growth and provides insight into mechanisms to be studied further in order to replicate the process in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake Cook
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Science, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Alex Combes
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, and Stem Cells and Development Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Melissa Little
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - James M Osborne
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
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10
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Papakrivopoulou E, Jafree DJ, Dean CH, Long DA. The Biological Significance and Implications of Planar Cell Polarity for Nephrology. Front Physiol 2021; 12:599529. [PMID: 33716764 PMCID: PMC7952641 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.599529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The orientation of cells in two-dimensional and three-dimensional space underpins how the kidney develops and responds to disease. The process by which cells orientate themselves within the plane of a tissue is termed planar cell polarity. In this Review, we discuss how planar cell polarity and the proteins that underpin it govern kidney organogenesis and pathology. The importance of planar cell polarity and its constituent proteins in multiple facets of kidney development is emphasised, including ureteric bud branching, tubular morphogenesis and nephron maturation. An overview is given of the relevance of planar cell polarity and its proteins for inherited human renal diseases, including congenital malformations with unknown aetiology and polycystic kidney disease. Finally, recent work is described outlining the influence of planar cell polarity proteins on glomerular diseases and highlight how this fundamental pathway could yield a new treatment paradigm for nephrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Papakrivopoulou
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, Clinique Saint Jean, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniyal J Jafree
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom.,UCL MB/Ph.D. Programme, Faculty of Medical Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte H Dean
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - David A Long
- Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
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Sutherland MR. Introduction to a special issue on kidney development and disease. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2020; 303:2507-2510. [PMID: 32613692 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Enriching our understanding of the anatomy of the kidneys, in development, health, and disease, has been the primary focus of Professor John Bertram's distinguished research career to date. Among other notable achievements, his landmark analyses of nephron number in over 400 human kidneys (the Monash Series), and his refinement of stereological techniques for renal structural analyses, have proven him an international leader in renal anatomy research. In this Special Issue, we (some of John's collaborators, colleagues, and former students) celebrate John's career with a series of 20 review and original research articles relevant to his expertise: (a) renal anatomy, physiology, and pathology, (b) kidney development, podocyte biology, and applications of renal stem cells, (c) renal developmental programming, and (d) contemporary methodologies in renal research; his accomplishments as a Head (Chair) of an Anatomy Department are also illustrated. We hope that this collection will serve as both an important resource, and a source of inspiration, to renal anatomy researchers and educators alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan R Sutherland
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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