1
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Kelly-Castro EC, Shear R, Dindigal AH, Bhagwat M, Zhang H. MARK1 regulates dendritic spine morphogenesis and cognitive functions in vivo. Exp Neurol 2024; 376:114752. [PMID: 38484863 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Dendritic spines play a pivotal role in synaptic communication and are crucial for learning and memory processes. Abnormalities in spine morphology and plasticity are observed in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders, yet the underlying signaling mechanisms remain poorly understood. The microtubule affinity regulating kinase 1 (MARK1) has been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders, and the MARK1 gene shows accelerated evolution in the human lineage suggesting a role in cognition. However, the in vivo role of MARK1 in synaptogenesis and cognitive functions remains unknown. Here we show that forebrain-specific conditional knockout (cKO) of Mark1 in mice causes defects in dendritic spine morphogenesis in hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons with a significant reduction in spine density. In addition, we found loss of MARK1 causes synaptic accumulation of GKAP and GluA2. Furthermore, we found that MARK1 cKO mice show defects in spatial learning in the Morris water maze and reduced anxiety-like behaviors in the elevated plus maze. Taken together, our data show a novel role for MARK1 in regulating dendritic spine morphogenesis and cognitive functions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Kelly-Castro
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, USA
| | - Rebecca Shear
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, USA
| | - Ankitha H Dindigal
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, USA
| | - Maitreyee Bhagwat
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, USA
| | - Huaye Zhang
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, USA.
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2
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Kumar N, Rangel Ambriz J, Tsai K, Mim MS, Flores-Flores M, Chen W, Zartman JJ, Alber M. Balancing competing effects of tissue growth and cytoskeletal regulation during Drosophila wing disc development. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2477. [PMID: 38509115 PMCID: PMC10954670 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46698-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
How a developing organ robustly coordinates the cellular mechanics and growth to reach a final size and shape remains poorly understood. Through iterations between experiments and model simulations that include a mechanistic description of interkinetic nuclear migration, we show that the local curvature, height, and nuclear positioning of cells in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc are defined by the concurrent patterning of actomyosin contractility, cell-ECM adhesion, ECM stiffness, and interfacial membrane tension. We show that increasing cell proliferation via different growth-promoting pathways results in two distinct phenotypes. Triggering proliferation through insulin signaling increases basal curvature, but an increase in growth through Dpp signaling and Myc causes tissue flattening. These distinct phenotypic outcomes arise from differences in how each growth pathway regulates the cellular cytoskeleton, including contractility and cell-ECM adhesion. The coupled regulation of proliferation and cytoskeletal regulators is a general strategy to meet the multiple context-dependent criteria defining tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilay Kumar
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Jennifer Rangel Ambriz
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantitative Modeling in Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Tsai
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantitative Modeling in Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Mayesha Sahir Mim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Marycruz Flores-Flores
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Weitao Chen
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantitative Modeling in Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Jeremiah J Zartman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
| | - Mark Alber
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantitative Modeling in Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA.
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3
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Hirashima T, Matsuda M. ERK-mediated curvature feedback regulates branching morphogenesis in lung epithelial tissue. Curr Biol 2024; 34:683-696.e6. [PMID: 38228149 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.12.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Intricate branching patterns emerge in internal organs due to the recurrent occurrence of simple deformations in epithelial tissues. During murine lung development, epithelial cells in distal tips of the single tube require fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signals emanating from their surrounding mesenchyme to form repetitive tip bifurcations. However, it remains unknown how the cells employ FGF signaling to convert their behaviors to achieve the recursive branching processes. Here, we show a mechano-chemical regulatory system underlying lung branching morphogenesis, orchestrated by extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) as a downstream driver of FGF signaling. We found that tissue-scale curvature regulated ERK activity in the lung epithelium using two-photon live cell imaging and mechanical perturbations. ERK activation occurs specifically in epithelial tissues exhibiting positive curvature, regardless of whether the change in curvature was attributable to morphogenesis or perturbations. Moreover, ERK activation accelerates actin polymerization preferentially at the apical side of cells, mechanically contributing to the extension of the apical membrane, culminating in a reduction of epithelial tissue curvature. These results indicate the existence of a negative feedback loop between tissue curvature and ERK activity that transcends spatial scales. Our mathematical model confirms that this regulatory mechanism is sufficient to generate the recursive branching processes. Taken together, we propose that ERK orchestrates a curvature feedback loop pivotal to the self-organized patterning of tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Hirashima
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, 5A Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 2 Medical Drive MD9, Singapore 117593, Singapore; The Hakubi Center, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshidakone-cho, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Japan Science and Technology Agency, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honchō, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan.
| | - Michiyuki Matsuda
- Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Yoshidakone-cho, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshidakone-cho, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Kyoto 606-8317, Japan
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4
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Darrigrand JF, Salowka A, Torres-Cano A, Tapia-Rojo R, Zhu T, Garcia-Manyes S, Spagnoli FM. Acinar-ductal cell rearrangement drives branching morphogenesis of the murine pancreas in an IGF/PI3K-dependent manner. Dev Cell 2024; 59:326-338.e5. [PMID: 38237591 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
During organ formation, progenitor cells need to acquire different cell identities and organize themselves into distinct structural units. How these processes are coordinated and how tissue architecture(s) is preserved despite the dramatic cell rearrangements occurring in developing organs remain unclear. Here, we identified cellular rearrangements between acinar and ductal progenitors as a mechanism to drive branching morphogenesis in the pancreas while preserving the integrity of the acinar-ductal functional unit. Using ex vivo and in vivo mouse models, we found that pancreatic ductal cells form clefts by protruding and pulling on the acinar basement membrane, which leads to acini splitting. Newly formed acini remain connected to the bifurcated branches generated by ductal cell rearrangement. Insulin growth factor (IGF)/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway finely regulates this process by controlling pancreatic ductal tissue fluidity, with a simultaneous impact on branching and cell fate acquisition. Together, our results explain how acinar structure multiplication and branch bifurcation are synchronized during pancreas organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Francois Darrigrand
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, Great Maze Pond, SE1 9RT London, UK
| | - Anna Salowka
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, Great Maze Pond, SE1 9RT London, UK
| | - Alejo Torres-Cano
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, Great Maze Pond, SE1 9RT London, UK
| | - Rafael Tapia-Rojo
- Department of Physics, London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Tong Zhu
- Department of Physics, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Centre for the Physical Science of Life and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, UK; Single-Molecule Mechanobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Sergi Garcia-Manyes
- Department of Physics, Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, Centre for the Physical Science of Life and London Centre for Nanotechnology, King's College London, London, UK; Single-Molecule Mechanobiology Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Francesca M Spagnoli
- Centre for Gene Therapy and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, Great Maze Pond, SE1 9RT London, UK.
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5
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Togashi H, Davis SR, Sato M. From soap bubbles to multicellular organisms: Unraveling the role of cell adhesion and physical constraints in tile pattern formation and tissue morphogenesis. Dev Biol 2024; 506:1-6. [PMID: 37995916 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Tile patterns, in which numerous cells are arranged in a regular pattern, are found in a variety of multicellular organisms and play important functional roles. Such regular arrangements of cells are regulated by various cell adhesion molecules. On the other hand, cell shape is also known to be regulated by physical constraints similar to those of soap bubbles. In particular, circumference minimization plays an important role, and cell adhesion negatively affects this process, thereby regulating tissue morphogenesis based on physical properties. Here, we focus on the Drosophila compound eye and the mouse auditory epithelium, and summarize the mechanisms of tile pattern formation by cell adhesion molecules such as cadherins, Irre Cell Recognition Modules (IRMs), and nectins. Phenomena that cannot be explained by physical stability based on cortical tension alone have been reported in the tile pattern formation in the compound eye, suggesting that previously unexplored forces such as cellular concentric expansion force may play an important role. We would like to summarize perspectives for future research on the mechanisms of tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideru Togashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Biosignal Research Center, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Steven Ray Davis
- Mathematical Neuroscience Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Makoto Sato
- Mathematical Neuroscience Unit, Institute for Frontier Science Initiative, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan.
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6
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Kroeger B, Manning SA, Fonseka Y, Oorschot V, Crawford SA, Ramm G, Harvey KF. Basal spot junctions of Drosophila epithelial tissues respond to morphogenetic forces and regulate Hippo signaling. Dev Cell 2024; 59:262-279.e6. [PMID: 38134928 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Organ size is controlled by numerous factors including mechanical forces, which are mediated in part by the Hippo pathway. In growing Drosophila epithelial tissues, cytoskeletal tension influences Hippo signaling by modulating the localization of key pathway proteins to different apical domains. Here, we discovered a Hippo signaling hub at basal spot junctions, which form at the basal-most point of the lateral membranes and resemble adherens junctions in protein composition. Basal spot junctions recruit the central kinase Warts via Ajuba and E-cadherin, which prevent Warts activation by segregating it from upstream Hippo pathway proteins. Basal spot junctions are prominent when tissues undergo morphogenesis and are highly sensitive to fluctuations in cytoskeletal tension. They are distinct from focal adhesions, but the latter profoundly influences basal spot junction abundance by modulating the basal-medial actomyosin network and tension experienced by spot junctions. Thus, basal spot junctions couple morphogenetic forces to Hippo pathway activity and organ growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Kroeger
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Samuel A Manning
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Yoshana Fonseka
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Viola Oorschot
- Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Simon A Crawford
- Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Georg Ramm
- Ramaciotti Centre for Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Kieran F Harvey
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia; Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
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7
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Collinet C, Bailles A, Dehapiot B, Lecuit T. Mechanical regulation of substrate adhesion and de-adhesion drives a cell-contractile wave during Drosophila tissue morphogenesis. Dev Cell 2024; 59:156-172.e7. [PMID: 38103554 PMCID: PMC10783558 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
During morphogenesis, mechanical forces induce large-scale deformations; yet, how forces emerge from cellular contractility and adhesion is unclear. In Drosophila embryos, a tissue-scale wave of actomyosin contractility coupled with adhesion to the surrounding vitelline membrane drives polarized tissue invagination. We show that this process emerges subcellularly from the mechanical coupling between myosin II activation and sequential adhesion/de-adhesion to the vitelline membrane. At the wavefront, integrin clusters anchor the actin cortex to the vitelline membrane and promote activation of myosin II, which in turn enhances adhesion in a positive feedback. Following cell detachment, cortex contraction and advective flow amplify myosin II. Prolonged contact with the vitelline membrane prolongs the integrin-myosin II feedback, increases integrin adhesion, and thus slows down cell detachment and wave propagation. The angle of cell detachment depends on adhesion strength and sets the tensile forces required for detachment. Thus, we document how the interplay between subcellular mechanochemical feedback and geometry drives tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Collinet
- Aix Marseille Université & CNRS, IBDM - UMR7288 & Turing Centre for Living Systems, Campus de Luminy Case 907, 13288 Marseille, France.
| | - Anaïs Bailles
- Aix Marseille Université & CNRS, IBDM - UMR7288 & Turing Centre for Living Systems, Campus de Luminy Case 907, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Benoit Dehapiot
- Aix Marseille Université & CNRS, IBDM - UMR7288 & Turing Centre for Living Systems, Campus de Luminy Case 907, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Thomas Lecuit
- Aix Marseille Université & CNRS, IBDM - UMR7288 & Turing Centre for Living Systems, Campus de Luminy Case 907, 13288 Marseille, France; Collège de France, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, Paris, France.
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8
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Sumbal J, Fre S, Sumbalova Koledova Z. Fibroblast-induced mammary epithelial branching depends on fibroblast contractility. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002093. [PMID: 38198514 PMCID: PMC10805323 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Epithelial branching morphogenesis is an essential process in living organisms, through which organ-specific epithelial shapes are created. Interactions between epithelial cells and their stromal microenvironment instruct branching morphogenesis but remain incompletely understood. Here, we employed fibroblast-organoid or fibroblast-spheroid co-culture systems and time-lapse imaging to reveal that physical contact between fibroblasts and epithelial cells and fibroblast contractility are required to induce mammary epithelial branching. Pharmacological inhibition of ROCK or non-muscle myosin II, or fibroblast-specific knock-out of Myh9 abrogate fibroblast-induced epithelial branching. The process of fibroblast-induced branching requires epithelial proliferation and is associated with distinctive epithelial patterning of yes associated protein (YAP) activity along organoid branches, which is dependent on fibroblast contractility. Moreover, we provide evidence for the in vivo existence of contractile fibroblasts specifically surrounding terminal end buds (TEBs) of pubertal murine mammary glands, advocating for an important role of fibroblast contractility in branching in vivo. Together, we identify fibroblast contractility as a novel stromal factor driving mammary epithelial morphogenesis. Our study contributes to comprehensive understanding of overlapping but divergent employment of mechanically active fibroblasts in developmental versus tumorigenic programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Sumbal
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institut Curie, Laboratory of Genetics and Developmental Biology, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, PSL Université Paris, Paris, France
- Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, Paris, France
| | - Silvia Fre
- Institut Curie, Laboratory of Genetics and Developmental Biology, INSERM U934, CNRS UMR3215, PSL Université Paris, Paris, France
| | - Zuzana Sumbalova Koledova
- Masaryk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Brno, Czech Republic
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9
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Olson HM, Maxfield A, Calistri NL, Heiser LM, Qian W, Knaut H, Nechiporuk AV. RhoA GEF Mcf2lb regulates rosette integrity during collective cell migration. Development 2024; 151:dev201898. [PMID: 38165177 PMCID: PMC10820872 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Multicellular rosettes are transient epithelial structures that serve as important cellular intermediates in the formation of diverse organs. Using the zebrafish posterior lateral line primordium (pLLP) as a model system, we investigated the role of the RhoA GEF Mcf2lb in rosette morphogenesis. The pLLP is a group of ∼150 cells that migrates along the zebrafish trunk and is organized into epithelial rosettes; these are deposited along the trunk and will differentiate into sensory organs called neuromasts (NMs). Using single-cell RNA-sequencing and whole-mount in situ hybridization, we showed that mcf2lb is expressed in the pLLP during migration. Live imaging and subsequent 3D analysis of mcf2lb mutant pLLP cells showed disrupted apical constriction and subsequent rosette organization. This resulted in an excess number of deposited NMs along the trunk of the zebrafish. Cell polarity markers ZO-1 and Par-3 were apically localized, indicating that pLLP cells are properly polarized. In contrast, RhoA activity, as well as signaling components downstream of RhoA, Rock2a and non-muscle Myosin II, were diminished apically. Thus, Mcf2lb-dependent RhoA activation maintains the integrity of epithelial rosettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M. Olson
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, The Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Amanda Maxfield
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, The Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Nicholas L. Calistri
- Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Laura M. Heiser
- Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Weiyi Qian
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Holger Knaut
- Skirball Institute of Biomolecular Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Alex V. Nechiporuk
- Department of Cell, Developmental & Cancer Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, The Knight Cancer Institute, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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10
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Peng H, Qiao J, Wang G, Shi W, Xia F, Qiao R, Dong B. A collagen-rich arch in the urochordate notochord coordinates cell shaping and multi-tissue elongation. Curr Biol 2023; 33:5390-5403.e3. [PMID: 37995694 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Cell and tissue reshaping is crucial for coordinating three-dimensional pattern formation, in which the size and shape of the cells must be accurately regulated via signal transport and communication among tissues. However, the identity of signaling and transportation mechanisms in this process remains elusive. In our study, we identified an extracellular matrix (ECM) structure with a vertebra-like shape surrounding the central notochord tissue in the larval tail of the urochordate Ciona. Additionally, we verified that the ECM structure was formed de novo, mainly from collagens secreted by notochord cells. Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching and simulation results revealed that this structure was formed via diffusional collagen flow from a notochord that was restricted and molded in the spaces among tail tissues. We revealed that the collagen structure was essential for notochord cell arrangement and elongation. Furthermore, we observed that the central notochord connects with the epidermis through this ECM structure. The disruption of this structure by collagen knockdown and loss-of-collagen function caused the failure of notochord elongation. More importantly, the epidermis could not elongate proportionally with notochord, indicating that the collagen-rich structure serves as a scaffold to coordinate the concurrent elongation of the tail tissues. These findings provide insights into how the central tissue forms and molds its surrounding ECM structure, by not only regulating its own morphogenesis but also functioning as a scaffold for signal transmission to orchestrate the coordinated morphologic reshaping of the surrounding tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhe Peng
- Fang Zongxi Center, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Jinghan Qiao
- Fang Zongxi Center, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Guilin Wang
- Fang Zongxi Center, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wenjie Shi
- Fang Zongxi Center, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Fan Xia
- Fang Zongxi Center, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Runyu Qiao
- Fang Zongxi Center, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Bo Dong
- Fang Zongxi Center, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China; MoE Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
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11
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Boutillon A. Organizing collective cell migration through guidance by followers. C R Biol 2023; 346:117-126. [PMID: 38095130 DOI: 10.5802/crbiol.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Morphogenesis, wound healing, and some cancer metastases rely on the collective migration of groups of cells. In these processes, guidance and coordination between cells and tissues are critical. While strongly adherent epithelial cells have to move collectively, loosely organized mesenchymal cells can migrate as individual cells. Nevertheless, many of them migrate collectively. This article summarizes how migratory reactions to cell-cell contacts, also called "contact regulation of locomotion" behaviors, organize mesenchymal collective cell migration. It focuses on one recently discovered mechanism called "guidance by followers", through which a cell is oriented by its immediate followers. In the gastrulating zebrafish embryo, during embryonic axis elongation, this phenomenon is responsible for the collective migration of the leading tissue, the polster, and its guidance by the following posterior axial mesoderm. Such guidance of migrating cells by followers ensures long-range coordination of movements and developmental robustness. Along with other "contact regulation of locomotion" behaviors, this mechanism contributes to organizing collective migration of loose populations of cells.
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12
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Sun F, Fang C, Shao X, Gao H, Lin Y. A mechanism-based theory of cellular and tissue plasticity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305375120. [PMID: 37871208 PMCID: PMC10622945 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305375120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastic deformation in cells and tissues has been found to play crucial roles in collective cell migration, cancer metastasis, and morphogenesis. However, the fundamental question of how plasticity is initiated in individual cells and then propagates within the tissue remains elusive. Here, we develop a mechanism-based theory of cellular and tissue plasticity that accounts for all key processes involved, including the activation and development of active contraction at different scales as well as the formation of endocytic vesicles on cell junctions and show that this theory achieves quantitative agreement with all existing experiments. Specifically, it reveals that, in response to optical or mechanical stimuli, the myosin contraction and thermal fluctuation-assisted formation and pinching of endocytic vesicles could lead to permanent shortening of cell junctions and that such plastic constriction can stretch neighboring cells and trigger their active contraction through mechanochemical feedbacks and eventually their plastic deformations as well. Our theory predicts that endocytic vesicles with a size around 1 to 2 µm will most likely be formed and a higher irreversible shortening of cell junctions could be achieved if a long stimulation is split into multiple short ones, all in quantitative agreement with experiments. Our analysis also shows that constriction of cells in tissue can undergo elastic/unratcheted to plastic/ratcheted transition as the magnitude and duration of active contraction increases, ultimately resulting in the propagation of plastic deformation waves within the monolayer with a constant speed which again is consistent with experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuqiang Sun
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen518057, China
| | - Chao Fang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen518055, China
| | - Xueying Shao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
| | - Huajian Gao
- College of Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore639798, Singapore
| | - Yuan Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen518057, China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, China
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13
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Cheikh MI, Tchoufag J, Osterfield M, Dean K, Bhaduri S, Zhang C, Mandadapu KK, Doubrovinski K. A comprehensive model of Drosophila epithelium reveals the role of embryo geometry and cell topology in mechanical responses. eLife 2023; 12:e85569. [PMID: 37782009 PMCID: PMC10584372 DOI: 10.7554/elife.85569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In order to understand morphogenesis, it is necessary to know the material properties or forces shaping the living tissue. In spite of this need, very few in vivo measurements are currently available. Here, using the early Drosophila embryo as a model, we describe a novel cantilever-based technique which allows for the simultaneous quantification of applied force and tissue displacement in a living embryo. By analyzing data from a series of experiments in which embryonic epithelium is subjected to developmentally relevant perturbations, we conclude that the response to applied force is adiabatic and is dominated by elastic forces and geometric constraints, or system size effects. Crucially, computational modeling of the experimental data indicated that the apical surface of the epithelium must be softer than the basal surface, a result which we confirmed experimentally. Further, we used the combination of experimental data and comprehensive computational model to estimate the elastic modulus of the apical surface and set a lower bound on the elastic modulus of the basal surface. More generally, our investigations revealed important general features that we believe should be more widely addressed when quantitatively modeling tissue mechanics in any system. Specifically, different compartments of the same cell can have very different mechanical properties; when they do, they can contribute differently to different mechanical stimuli and cannot be merely averaged together. Additionally, tissue geometry can play a substantial role in mechanical response, and cannot be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Ibrahim Cheikh
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Joel Tchoufag
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Miriam Osterfield
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Kevin Dean
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Swayamdipta Bhaduri
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Chuzhong Zhang
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Texas at ArlingtonArlingtonUnited States
| | - Kranthi Kiran Mandadapu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, BerkeleyBerkeleyUnited States
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyUnited States
| | - Konstantin Doubrovinski
- Department of Biophysics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
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14
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Li B, Li J, Fan Y, Zhao Z, Li L, Okano H, Ouchi T. Dissecting calvarial bones and sutures at single-cell resolution. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1749-1767. [PMID: 37171117 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Cranial bones constitute a protective shield for the vulnerable brain tissue, bound together as a rigid entity by unique immovable joints known as sutures. Cranial sutures serve as major growth centres for calvarial morphogenesis and have been identified as a niche for mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and/or skeletal stem cells (SSCs) in the craniofacial skeleton. Despite the established dogma of cranial bone and suture biology, technological advancements now allow us to investigate these tissues and structures at unprecedented resolution and embrace multiple novel biological insights. For instance, a decrease or imbalance of representation of SSCs within sutures might underlie craniosynostosis; dural sinuses enable neuroimmune crosstalk and are newly defined as immune hubs; skull bone marrow acts as a myeloid cell reservoir for the meninges and central nervous system (CNS) parenchyma in mediating immune surveillance, etc. In this review, we revisit a growing body of recent studies that explored cranial bone and suture biology using cutting-edge techniques and have expanded our current understanding of this research field, especially from the perspective of development, homeostasis, injury repair, resident MSCs/SSCs, immunosurveillance at the brain's border, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Jingya Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Yi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Zhihe Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Orthodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Longjiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 1608582, Japan
- Laboratory for Marmoset Neural Architecture, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako-shi, Saitama, 3510198, Japan
| | - Takehito Ouchi
- Department of Physiology, Tokyo Dental College, 2-9-18 Kanda-Misaki-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 1010061, Japan
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15
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Mim MS, Knight C, Zartman JJ. Quantitative insights in tissue growth and morphogenesis with optogenetics. Phys Biol 2023; 20:061001. [PMID: 37678266 PMCID: PMC10594237 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/acf7a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Cells communicate with each other to jointly regulate cellular processes during cellular differentiation and tissue morphogenesis. This multiscale coordination arises through the spatiotemporal activity of morphogens to pattern cell signaling and transcriptional factor activity. This coded information controls cell mechanics, proliferation, and differentiation to shape the growth and morphogenesis of organs. While many of the molecular components and physical interactions have been identified in key model developmental systems, there are still many unresolved questions related to the dynamics involved due to challenges in precisely perturbing and quantitatively measuring signaling dynamics. Recently, a broad range of synthetic optogenetic tools have been developed and employed to quantitatively define relationships between signal transduction and downstream cellular responses. These optogenetic tools can control intracellular activities at the single cell or whole tissue scale to direct subsequent biological processes. In this brief review, we highlight a selected set of studies that develop and implement optogenetic tools to unravel quantitative biophysical mechanisms for tissue growth and morphogenesis across a broad range of biological systems through the manipulation of morphogens, signal transduction cascades, and cell mechanics. More generally, we discuss how optogenetic tools have emerged as a powerful platform for probing and controlling multicellular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayesha Sahir Mim
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States of America
| | - Caroline Knight
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States of America
| | - Jeremiah J Zartman
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States of America
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16
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Zhang P, Medwig-Kinney TN, Goldstein B. Architecture of the cortical actomyosin network driving apical constriction in C. elegans. J Cell Biol 2023; 222:e202302102. [PMID: 37351566 PMCID: PMC10289891 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202302102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Apical constriction is a cell shape change that drives key morphogenetic events during development, including gastrulation and neural tube formation. The forces driving apical constriction are primarily generated through the contraction of apicolateral and/or medioapical actomyosin networks. In the Drosophila ventral furrow, the medioapical actomyosin network has a sarcomere-like architecture, with radially polarized actin filaments and centrally enriched non-muscle myosin II and myosin activating kinase. To determine if this is a broadly conserved actin architecture driving apical constriction, we examined actomyosin architecture during C. elegans gastrulation, in which two endodermal precursor cells internalize from the surface of the embryo. Quantification of protein localization showed that neither the non-muscle myosin II NMY-2 nor the myosin-activating kinase MRCK-1 is enriched at the center of the apex. Further, visualization of barbed- and pointed-end capping proteins revealed that actin filaments do not exhibit radial polarization at the apex. Our results demonstrate that C. elegans endodermal precursor cells apically constrict using a mixed-polarity actin filament network and with myosin and a myosin activator distributed throughout the network. Taken together with observations made in other organisms, our results demonstrate that diverse actomyosin architectures are used in animal cells to accomplish apical constriction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Zhang
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Bob Goldstein
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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17
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Rocha-Martins M, Nerli E, Kretzschmar J, Weigert M, Icha J, Myers EW, Norden C. Neuronal migration prevents spatial competition in retinal morphogenesis. Nature 2023; 620:615-624. [PMID: 37558872 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06392-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
The concomitant occurrence of tissue growth and organization is a hallmark of organismal development1-3. This often means that proliferating and differentiating cells are found at the same time in a continuously changing tissue environment. How cells adapt to architectural changes to prevent spatial interference remains unclear. Here, to understand how cell movements that are key for growth and organization are orchestrated, we study the emergence of photoreceptor neurons that occur during the peak of retinal growth, using zebrafish, human tissue and human organoids. Quantitative imaging reveals that successful retinal morphogenesis depends on the active bidirectional translocation of photoreceptors, leading to a transient transfer of the entire cell population away from the apical proliferative zone. This pattern of migration is driven by cytoskeletal machineries that differ depending on the direction: microtubules are exclusively required for basal translocation, whereas actomyosin is involved in apical movement. Blocking the basal translocation of photoreceptors induces apical congestion, which hampers the apical divisions of progenitor cells and leads to secondary defects in lamination. Thus, photoreceptor migration is crucial to prevent competition for space, and to allow concurrent tissue growth and lamination. This shows that neuronal migration, in addition to its canonical role in cell positioning4, can be involved in coordinating morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Rocha-Martins
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden (CSBD), Dresden, Germany.
| | - Elisa Nerli
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden (CSBD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Jenny Kretzschmar
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Weigert
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden (CSBD), Dresden, Germany
- Institute of Bioengineering, School of Life Sciences École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jaroslav Icha
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
| | - Eugene W Myers
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden (CSBD), Dresden, Germany
| | - Caren Norden
- Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciência, Oeiras, Portugal.
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, Dresden, Germany.
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18
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Baldera D, Baxendale S, van Hateren NJ, Marzo M, Glendenning E, Geng F, Yokoya K, Knight RD, Whitfield TT. Enhancer trap lines with GFP driven by smad6b and frizzled1 regulatory sequences for the study of epithelial morphogenesis in the developing zebrafish inner ear. J Anat 2023; 243:78-89. [PMID: 36748120 PMCID: PMC10273346 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Live imaging in the zebrafish embryo using tissue-specific expression of fluorescent proteins can yield important insights into the mechanisms that drive sensory organ morphogenesis and cell differentiation. Morphogenesis of the semicircular canal ducts of the vertebrate inner ear requires a complex rearrangement of epithelial cells, including outgrowth, adhesion, fusion and perforation of epithelial projections to generate pillars of tissue that form the hubs of each canal. We report the insertion sites and expression patterns of two enhancer trap lines in the developing zebrafish embryo, each of which highlight different aspects of epithelial cell morphogenesis in the inner ear. A membrane-linked EGFP driven by smad6b regulatory sequences is expressed throughout the otic epithelium, most strongly on the lateral side of the ear and in the sensory cristae. A second enhancer trap line, with cytoplasmic EGFP driven by frizzled1 (fzd1) regulatory sequences, specifically marks cells of the ventral projection and pillar in the developing ear, and marginal cells in the sensory cristae, together with variable expression in the retina and epiphysis, and neurons elsewhere in the developing central nervous system. We have used a combination of methods to identify the insertion sites of these two transgenes, which were generated through random insertion, and show that Targeted Locus Amplification is a rapid and reliable method for the identification of insertion sites of randomly inserted transgenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Baldera
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
- Present address:
CeSASt, University of CagliariCagliariItaly
| | | | | | - Mar Marzo
- School of BiosciencesUniversity of SheffieldSheffieldUK
| | | | - Fan‐Suo Geng
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
- Present address:
Data Science Institute, The University of Technology SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Kazutomo Yokoya
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, Guy's HospitalLondonUK
| | - Robert D. Knight
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, Guy's HospitalLondonUK
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19
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Poopalasundaram S, Richardson J, Graham A. Key separable events in the remodelling of the pharyngeal arches. J Anat 2023; 243:100-109. [PMID: 36815518 PMCID: PMC10273329 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharyngeal arches are a series of bulges on the lateral surface of the embryonic head. They are a defining feature of the most conserved, the phylotypic, stage of vertebrate development. In many vertebrate clades, the segmental arrangement of the pharyngeal arches is translated into the iterative anatomy of the gill arches. However, in amniotes the pharyngeal arches undergo a rearrangement during development and the segmental organisation of the pharynx is lost. This remodelling involves the expansion of the second arch which comes to overlie the more posterior arches. A transient sinus forms between the expanded second arch and the posterior arches, that is then lost, and the posterior arches are internalised. The morphogenesis of the second arch has been viewed as being central to this remodelling. Yet little is known about this process. Therefore, in this study, we have characterised the development of the second arch. We show that as the second arch expands, its posterior margin forms a leading edge and that the mesenchymal cells subjacent to this are in an elevated proliferative state. We further show that the posterior marginal epithelium is the site of expression of three key developmental signalling molecules: BMP7, FGF8 and SHH, and that their expression continues throughout the period of expansion. Using a novel approach, we have been able to simultaneously inhibit these three pathways, and we find that when this is done the second arch fails to establish its caudal projection and that there is a loss of proliferation in the posterior mesenchymal cells of the second arch. We have further used this manipulation to ask if the internalisation of the posterior arches is dependent upon the expansion of the second arch. We find that it is not-the posterior arches are still internalised when the expansion of the second arch is curtailed. We further show that while the collapse of the sinus is dependent upon thyroid hormone signalling, that this is not the case for the internalisation of the posterior pouches. Thus, the internalisation of the posterior arches is not dependent on the expansion of the second arch or on the collapse of the sinus. Finally, we show that the termination of expansion of the second arch correlates with a burst of morphogenetic cell death suggesting a mechanism for ending this. Thus, while it has long been thought that it is the morphogenesis of the second arch that drives the remodelling of the pharyngeal arches, we show that this is not the case. Rather the remodelling of the pharyngeal arches is a composite process that can split into contemporaneous but separate events: the expansion of the second arch, the internalisation of the posterior arches and the collapse of the sinus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jo Richardson
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College LondonLondonUK
- School of Life SciencesUniversity of SussexBrightonUK
| | - Anthony Graham
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, King's College LondonLondonUK
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20
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Bordeu I, Chatzeli L, Simons BD. Inflationary theory of branching morphogenesis in the mouse salivary gland. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3422. [PMID: 37296120 PMCID: PMC10256724 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39124-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that regulate the patterning of branched epithelia remain a subject of long-standing debate. Recently, it has been proposed that the statistical organization of multiple ductal tissues can be explained through a local self-organizing principle based on the branching-annihilating random walk (BARW) in which proliferating tips drive a process of ductal elongation and stochastic bifurcation that terminates when tips encounter maturing ducts. Here, applied to mouse salivary gland, we show the BARW model struggles to explain the large-scale organization of tissue. Instead, we propose that the gland develops as a tip-driven branching-delayed random walk (BDRW). In this framework, a generalization of the BARW, tips inhibited through steric interaction with proximate ducts may continue their branching program as constraints become alleviated through the persistent expansion of the surrounding tissue. This inflationary BDRW model presents a general paradigm for branching morphogenesis when the ductal epithelium grows cooperatively with the domain into which it expands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Bordeu
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Physics, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lemonia Chatzeli
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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21
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Li Q, Qiao Y, Wang F, Zhao J, Wu L, Ge H, Xu S. Prenatal triclosan exposure impairs mammalian lung branching morphogenesis through activating Bmp4 signaling. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 256:114896. [PMID: 37054474 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Triclosan (TCS) is a commonly used antibacterial agent present in personal care and household products. Recently, there have been increasing concerns about the association between children's health and TCS exposure during gestation, but the toxicological effects of TCS exposure on embryonic lung development remain undetermined. In this study, through using an ex vivo lung explant culture system, we found that prenatal exposure to TCS resulted in impaired lung branching morphogenesis and altered proximal-distal airway patterning. These TCS-induced dysplasias are accompanied by significantly reduced proliferation and increased apoptosis within the developing lung, as a consequence of activated Bmp4 signaling. Inhibition of Bmp4 signaling by Noggin partially rescues the lung branching morphogenesis and cellular defects in TCS-exposed lung explants. In addition, we provided in vivo evidence that administration of TCS during gestation leads to compromised branching formation and enlarged airspace in the lung of offspring. Thus, this study provides novel toxicological information on TCS and indicated a strong/possible association between TCS exposure during pregnancy and lung dysplasia in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Li
- Institute of Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Yulong Qiao
- Institute of Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Institute of Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Institute of Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Lijun Wu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Honghua Ge
- Institute of Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Shengmin Xu
- Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China.
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22
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Chan CU, Xiong F, Michaut A, Vidigueira JMN, Pourquié O, Mahadevan L. Direct force measurement and loading on developing tissues in intact avian embryos. Development 2023; 150:dev201054. [PMID: 37070753 PMCID: PMC10259510 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Developmental morphogenesis is driven by tissue stresses acting on tissue rheology. Direct measurements of forces in small tissues (100 µm-1 mm) in situ, such as in early embryos, require high spatial precision and minimal invasiveness. Here, we introduce a control-based approach, tissue force microscopy (TiFM), that integrates a mechanical cantilever probe and live imaging with closed-loop feedback control of mechanical loading in early chicken embryos. By testing previously qualitatively characterized force-producing tissues in the elongating body axis, we show that TiFM quantitatively captures stress dynamics with high sensitivity. TiFM also provides the means to apply stable, minimally invasive and physiologically relevant loads to drive tissue deformation and to follow the resulting morphogenetic progression associated with large-scale cell movements. Together, TiFM allows us to control tissue force measurement and manipulation in small developing embryos, and promises to contribute to the quantitative understanding of complex multi-tissue mechanics during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chon U. Chan
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673
| | - Fengzhu Xiong
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham Women's Hospital and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Wellcome Trust/CRUK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QN, UK
| | - Arthur Michaut
- Department of Pathology, Brigham Women's Hospital and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | | | - Olivier Pourquié
- Department of Pathology, Brigham Women's Hospital and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - L. Mahadevan
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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23
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Abstract
The extracellular matrix represents a critical regulator of tissue vascularization during embryonic development and postnatal life. In this perspective, we present key information and concepts that focus on how the extracellular matrix controls capillary assembly, maturation, and stabilization, and, in addition, contributes to tissue stability and health. In particular, we present and discuss mechanistic details underlying (1) the role of the extracellular matrix in controlling different steps of vascular morphogenesis, (2) the ability of endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes to coassemble into elongated and narrow capillary EC-lined tubes with associated pericytes and basement membrane matrices, and (3) the identification of specific growth factor combinations ("factors") and peptides as well as coordinated "factor" and extracellular matrix receptor signaling pathways that are required to form stabilized capillary networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Davis
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
| | - Scott S Kemp
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida School of Medicine, Tampa, Florida 33612, USA
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24
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Danopoulos S, Belgacemi R, Hein RFC, Miller AJ, Deutsch GH, Glass I, Spence JR, Al Alam D. FGF18 promotes human lung branching morphogenesis through regulating mesenchymal progenitor cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L433-L444. [PMID: 36791060 PMCID: PMC10027085 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00316.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling is known to play an important role in lung organogenesis. However, we recently demonstrated that FGF10 fails to induce branching in human fetal lungs as is observed in mouse. Our previous human fetal lung RNA sequencing data exhibited increased FGF18 during the pseudoglandular stage of development, suggestive of its importance in human lung branching morphogenesis. Whereas it has been previously reported that FGF18 is critical during alveologenesis, few studies have described its implication in lung branching, specifically in human. Therefore, we aimed to determine the role of FGF18 in human lung branching morphogenesis. Human fetal lung explants within the pseudoglandular stage of development were treated with recombinant human FGF18 in air-liquid interface culture. Explants were analyzed grossly to assess differences in branching pattern, as well as at the cellular and molecular levels. FGF18 treatment promoted branching in explant cultures and demonstrated increased epithelial proliferation as well as maintenance of the double positive SOX2/SOX9 distal bud progenitor cells, confirming its role in human lung branching morphogenesis. In addition, FGF18 treated explants displayed increased expression of SOX9, FN1, and COL2A1 within the mesenchyme, all factors that are important to chondrocyte differentiation. In humans, cartilaginous airways extend deep into the lung up to the 12th generation of branching whereas in mouse these are restricted to the trachea and main bronchi. Therefore, our data suggest that FGF18 promotes human lung branching morphogenesis through regulating mesenchymal progenitor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soula Danopoulos
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Randa Belgacemi
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States
| | - Renee F C Hein
- Department of Cell and Developmental biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Alyssa J Miller
- Department of Cell and Developmental biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Gail H Deutsch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Ian Glass
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States
| | - Jason R Spence
- Department of Cell and Developmental biology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States
| | - Denise Al Alam
- Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, United States
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, California, United States
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25
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Qiao J, Peng H, Dong B. Development and Application of an Optogenetic Manipulation System to Suppress Actomyosin Activity in Ciona Epidermis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065707. [PMID: 36982781 PMCID: PMC10054466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying the generation of biomechanical force and how this force drives cell and tissue morphogenesis is challenging for understanding the mechanical mechanisms underlying embryogenesis. Actomyosin has been demonstrated to be the main source of intracellular force generation that drives membrane and cell contractility, thus playing a vital role in multi-organ formation in ascidian Ciona embryogenesis. However, manipulation of actomyosin at the subcellular level is impossible in Ciona because of the lack of technical tools and approaches. In this study, we designed and developed a myosin light chain phosphatase fused with a light-oxygen-voltage flavoprotein from Botrytis cinerea (MLCP-BcLOV4) as an optogenetics tool to control actomyosin contractility activity in the Ciona larva epidermis. We first validated the light-dependent membrane localization and regulatory efficiency on mechanical forces of the MLCP-BcLOV4 system as well as the optimum light intensity that activated the system in HeLa cells. Then, we applied the optimized MLCP-BcLOV4 system in Ciona larval epidermal cells to realize the regulation of membrane elongation at the subcellular level. Moreover, we successfully applied this system on the process of apical contraction during atrial siphon invagination in Ciona larvae. Our results showed that the activity of phosphorylated myosin on the apical surface of atrial siphon primordium cells was suppressed and apical contractility was disrupted, resulting in the failure of the invagination process. Thus, we established an effective technique and system that provide a powerful approach in the study of the biomechanical mechanisms driving morphogenesis in marine organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghan Qiao
- Fang Zongxi Center, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hongzhe Peng
- Fang Zongxi Center, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Bo Dong
- Fang Zongxi Center, MoE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, No. 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laoshan Laboratory, Qingdao 266237, China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-532-8590-6576
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26
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Abstract
We have developed methods to achieve efficient CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene knockout in ex vivo mouse embryonic salivary epithelial explants. Salivary epithelial explants provide a valuable model for characterizing cell signaling, differentiation, and epithelial morphogenesis, but research has been limited by a paucity of efficient gene perturbation methods. Here, we demonstrate highly efficient gene perturbation by transient transduction of guide RNA-expressing lentiviruses into Cas9-expressing salivary epithelial buds isolated from Cas9 transgenic mice. We first show that salivary epithelial explants can be cultured in low-concentration, nonsolidified Matrigel suspensions in 96-well plates, which greatly increases sample throughput compared to conventional cultures embedded in solidified Matrigel. We further show that salivary epithelial explants can grow and branch with FGF7 alone, while supplementing with insulin, transferrin, and selenium (ITS) enhances growth and branching. We then describe an efficient workflow to produce experiment-ready, high-titer lentiviruses within 1 wk after molecular cloning. To track transduced cells, we designed the lentiviral vector to coexpress a nuclear fluorescent reporter with the guide RNA. We routinely achieved 80% transduction efficiency when antibiotic selection was used. Importantly, we detected robust loss of targeted protein products when testing 9 guide RNAs for 3 different genes. Moreover, targeting the β1 integrin gene (Itgb1) inhibited branching morphogenesis, which supports the importance of cell-matrix adhesion in driving branching morphogenesis. In summary, we have established a lentivirus-based method that can efficiently perturb genes of interest in salivary epithelial explants, which will greatly facilitate studies of specific gene functions using this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Sekiguchi
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M.M. Mehlferber
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Present address: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - K. Matsumoto
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - S. Wang
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Present address: 4D Cellular Physiology, Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, VA, USA
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27
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Prahl LS, Viola JM, Liu J, Hughes AJ. The developing murine kidney actively negotiates geometric packing conflicts to avoid defects. Dev Cell 2023; 58:110-120.e5. [PMID: 36693318 PMCID: PMC9924533 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The physiological functions of several organs rely on branched epithelial tubule networks bearing specialized structures for secretion, gas exchange, or filtration. Little is known about conflicts in development between building enough tubules for adequate function and geometric constraints imposed by organ size. We show that the mouse embryonic kidney epithelium negotiates a physical packing conflict between increasing tubule tip numbers through branching and limited organ surface area. Through imaging of whole kidney explants, combined with computational and soft material modeling of tubule families, we identify six possible geometric packing phases, including two defective ones. Experiments in explants show that a radially oriented tension on tubule families is necessary and sufficient for them to switch to a vertical packing arrangement that increases surface tip density while avoiding defects. These results reveal developmental contingencies in response to physical limitations and create a framework for classifying congenital kidney defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis S Prahl
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John M Viola
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jiageng Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alex J Hughes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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28
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Yoon J, Sun J, Lee M, Hwang YS, Daar IO. Wnt4 and ephrinB2 instruct apical constriction via Dishevelled and non-canonical signaling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:337. [PMID: 36670115 PMCID: PMC9860048 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-35991-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Apical constriction is a cell shape change critical to vertebrate neural tube closure, and the contractile force required for this process is generated by actin-myosin networks. The signaling cue that instructs this process has remained elusive. Here, we identify Wnt4 and the transmembrane ephrinB2 protein as playing an instructive role in neural tube closure as members of a signaling complex we termed WERDS (Wnt4, EphrinB2, Ror2, Dishevelled (Dsh2), and Shroom3). Disruption of function or interaction among members of the WERDS complex results in defects of apical constriction and neural tube closure. The mechanism of action involves an interaction of ephrinB2 with the Dsh2 scaffold protein that enhances the formation of the WERDS complex, which in turn, activates Rho-associated kinase to induce apical constriction. Moreover, the ephrinB2/Dsh2 interaction promotes non-canonical Wnt signaling and shows how cross-talk between two major signal transduction pathways, Eph/ephrin and Wnt, coordinate morphogenesis of the neural tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Yoon
- Cancer & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
| | - Jian Sun
- Cancer & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Moonsup Lee
- Cancer & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Yoo-Seok Hwang
- Cancer & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Ira O Daar
- Cancer & Developmental Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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29
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Levic DS, Bagnat M. Polarized transport of membrane and secreted proteins during lumen morphogenesis. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 133:65-73. [PMID: 35307284 PMCID: PMC9481742 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A ubiquitous feature of animal development is the formation of fluid-filled cavities or lumina, which transport gases and fluids across tissues and organs. Among different species, lumina vary drastically in size, scale, and complexity. However, all lumen formation processes share key morphogenetic principles that underly their development. Fundamentally, a lumen simply consists of epithelial cells that encapsulate a continuous internal space, and a common way of building a lumen is via opening and enlarging by filling it with fluid and/or macromolecules. Here, we discuss how polarized targeting of membrane and secreted proteins regulates lumen formation, mainly focusing on ion transporters in vertebrate model systems. We also discuss mechanistic differences observed among invertebrates and vertebrates and describe how the unique properties of the Na+/K+-ATPase and junctional proteins can promote polarization of immature epithelia to build lumina de novo in developing organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Levic
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Michel Bagnat
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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30
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Panfilio KA, Chuva de Sousa Lopes SM. The extended analogy of extraembryonic development in insects and amniotes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210268. [PMID: 36252225 PMCID: PMC9574626 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is fascinating that the amnion and serosa/chorion, two extraembryonic (EE) tissues that are characteristic of the amniote vertebrates (mammals, birds and reptiles), have also independently evolved in insects. In this review, we offer the first detailed, macroevolutionary comparison of EE development and tissue biology across these animal groups. Some commonalities represent independent solutions to shared challenges for protecting the embryo (environmental assaults, risk of pathogens) and supporting its development, including clear links between cellular properties (e.g. polyploidy) and physiological function. Further parallels encompass developmental features such as the early segregation of the serosa/chorion compared to later, progressive differentiation of the amnion and formation of the amniotic cavity from serosal-amniotic folds as a widespread morphogenetic mode across species. We also discuss common developmental roles for orthologous transcription factors and BMP signalling in EE tissues of amniotes and insects, and between EE and cardiac tissues, supported by our exploration of new resources for global and tissue-specific gene expression. This highlights the degree to which general developmental principles and protective tissue features can be deduced from each of these animal groups, emphasizing the value of broad comparative studies to reveal subtle developmental strategies and answer questions that are common across species. This article is part of the theme issue 'Extraembryonic tissues: exploring concepts, definitions and functions across the animal kingdom'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susana M. Chuva de Sousa Lopes
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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31
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Wen FL. Expansion of ring-shaped supracellular contractile cables induces epithelial sheet folding. Phys Rev E 2022; 106:064403. [PMID: 36671152 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.106.064403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The folding of epithelial cell sheets is a fundamental process that sculpts developing tissues and organs into their proper shapes required for normal physiological functions. In the absence of detailed biochemical regulations, the epithelial sheet folding may simply proceed through buckling due to mechanical compression arising extrinsically from the surroundings or intrinsically within the sheets. Previous studies hypothesized that the formation of an expanding supracellular actomyosin ring within epithelial sheets could result in compression that ultimately leads to epithelial folding during tracheal development in the Drosophila (fruit fly) embryo. However, the exact mechanism by which the formation of epithelial folds is coordinated by the ring expansion remains unclear. Using a vertex-based mechanical model, here I systematically study the dependence of epithelial fold formation on the physical properties of expanding supracellular contractile rings. The simulations show that depending on the contractile strength, epithelial cell sheets can undergo distinct patterns of folding during ring expansion. The formation of folds in particular is robust against fluctuations in the ring properties such as ring numbers and tensions. These findings provide a systematic view to understand how the expansion of supracellular contractile rings in epithelial sheets mediates epithelial folding morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Lai Wen
- International Center for Wound Repair and Regeneration, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 70101, Taiwan and RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
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32
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McFann SE, Shvartsman SY, Toettcher JE. Putting in the Erk: Growth factor signaling and mesoderm morphogenesis. Curr Top Dev Biol 2022; 149:263-310. [PMID: 35606058 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
It has long been known that FGF signaling contributes to mesoderm formation, a germ layer found in triploblasts that is composed of highly migratory cells that give rise to muscles and to the skeletal structures of vertebrates. FGF signaling activates several pathways in the developing mesoderm, including transient activation of the Erk pathway, which triggers mesodermal fate specification through the induction of the gene brachyury and activates morphogenetic programs that allow mesodermal cells to position themselves in the embryo. In this review, we discuss what is known about the generation and interpretation of transient Erk signaling in mesodermal tissues across species. We focus specifically on mechanisms that translate the level and duration of Erk signaling into cell fate and cell movement instructions and discuss strategies for further interrogating the role that Erk signaling dynamics play in mesodermal gastrulation and morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E McFann
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States
| | - Stanislav Y Shvartsman
- Lewis Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States; Center for Computational Biology, Flatiron Institute, Simons Foundation, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jared E Toettcher
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, United States.
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33
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Ko JM, Mousavi R, Lobo D. Computational Systems Biology of Morphogenesis. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2399:343-365. [PMID: 35604563 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1831-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Extracting mechanistic knowledge from the spatial and temporal phenotypes of morphogenesis is a current challenge due to the complexity of biological regulation and their feedback loops. Furthermore, these regulatory interactions are also linked to the biophysical forces that shape a developing tissue, creating complex interactions responsible for emergent patterns and forms. Here we show how a computational systems biology approach can aid in the understanding of morphogenesis from a mechanistic perspective. This methodology integrates the modeling of tissues and whole-embryos with dynamical systems, the reverse engineering of parameters or even whole equations with machine learning, and the generation of precise computational predictions that can be tested at the bench. To implement and perform the computational steps in the methodology, we present user-friendly tools, computer code, and guidelines. The principles of this methodology are general and can be adapted to other model organisms to extract mechanistic knowledge of their morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Ko
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Reza Mousavi
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Lobo
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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34
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Dokmegang J. Modeling Epiblast Shape in Implanting Mammalian Embryos. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2490:281-296. [PMID: 35486253 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2281-0_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An indispensable prerequisite of mammalian development is successful morphogenesis in the epiblast, the embryonic tissue that gives rise to all differentiated cells of the adult mammal. The right control of both epiblast morphogenesis and the events that regulate its shape in particular during implantation is henceforth of tremendous importance. However, monitoring the process of development in implanting human embryos is ethically and technically challenging, making it difficult to troubleshoot when things go wrong, as it is unfortunately the case with over 30% of pregnancy failures. Although modern in vitro techniques have proven very insightful lately, more tools are needed in the quest to elucidate mammalian and human development. Mathematical and computational modeling position themselves as helpful complementary tools in the biologist's toolbox, enabling the exploration of the living in silico, beyond the boundaries set by ethical concerns and the potential limitations of wet lab techniques. Here, we show how mathematical modeling and computer simulations can be used to emulate and investigate mechanisms driving epiblast shape changes in mouse and human embryos during implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Dokmegang
- NSF-Simons Center for Quantitative Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA.
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35
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Sigurdardottir AK, Jonasdottir AS, Asbjarnarson A, Helgudottir HR, Gudjonsson T, Traustadottir GA. Peroxidasin Enhances Basal Phenotype and Inhibits Branching Morphogenesis in Breast Epithelial Progenitor Cell Line D492. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2021; 26:321-338. [PMID: 34964086 PMCID: PMC8858314 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-021-09507-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human breast is composed of terminal duct lobular units (TDLUs) that are surrounded by stroma. In the TDLUs, basement membrane separates the stroma from the epithelial compartment, which is divided into an inner layer of luminal epithelial cells and an outer layer of myoepithelial cells. Stem cells and progenitor cells also reside within the epithelium and drive a continuous cycle of gland remodelling that occurs throughout the reproductive period. D492 is an epithelial cell line originally isolated from the stem cell population of the breast and generates both luminal and myoepithelial cells in culture. When D492 cells are embedded into 3D reconstituted basement membrane matrix (3D-rBM) they form branching colonies mimicking the TDLUs of the breast, thereby providing a well-suited in vitro model for studies on branching morphogenesis and breast development. Peroxidasin (PXDN) is a heme-containing peroxidase that crosslinks collagen IV with the formation of sulfilimine bonds. Previous studies indicate that PXDN plays an integral role in basement membrane stabilisation by crosslinking collagen IV and as such contributes to epithelial integrity. Although PXDN has been linked to fibrosis and cancer in some organs there is limited information on its role in development, including in the breast. In this study, we demonstrate expression of PXDN in breast epithelium and stroma and apply the D492 cell line to investigate the role of PXDN in cell differentiation and branching morphogenesis in the human breast. Overexpression of PXDN induced basal phenotype in D492 cells, loss of plasticity and inhibition of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as is displayed by complete inhibition of branching morphogenesis in 3D culture. This is supported by results from RNA-sequencing which show significant enrichment in genes involved in epithelial differentiation along with significant negative enrichment of EMT factors. Taken together, we provide evidence for a novel role of PXDN in breast epithelial differentiation and mammary gland development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karen Sigurdardottir
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Arna Steinunn Jonasdottir
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Arni Asbjarnarson
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Hildur Run Helgudottir
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thorarinn Gudjonsson
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Laboratory Haematology, Landspitali - University Hospital, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Gunnhildur Asta Traustadottir
- Stem Cell Research Unit, Biomedical Center, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
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36
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Ferreira LGA, Nishino FA, Fernandes SG, Ribeiro CM, Hinton BT, Avellar MCW. Epididymal embryonic development harbors TLR4/NFKB signaling pathway as a morphogenetic player. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 149:103456. [PMID: 34915277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The Wolffian duct (WD) is an embryonic tissue that undergoes androgen-induced morphological changes to become the epididymis. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)- and nuclear factor kB (NFKB)-induced effectors are expressed in the adult epididymis and represent important players in epididymal innate immune responses. TLR4/NFKB signaling pathway is evolutionarily conserved and plays a critical morphogenetic role in several species; however, its function during WD morphogenesis is unknown. We hypothesized that TLR4/NFKB pathway plays a role during WD development. Here we examined TLR4 expression and regulation of TLR4-target genes during rat WD morphogenesis between embryonic days (e) 17.5-20.5. The functionality of TLR4/NFKB signaling was examined using WD organotypic cultures treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from E. coli (TLR4 agonist) and PDTC (NFKB inhibitor). TLR4 was detected at mRNA level in e17.5 (uncoiled duct) and e20.5 (coiled duct) WDs, and spatio-temporal changes in TLR4 immunoreactivity were observed between these two time points. Expression level analysis of a subset of TLR4-regulated genes showed that TLR4/NFKB pathway was activated after exposure of cultured WD to LPS (4 h), an event that was abrogated by PDTC. Long-term exposure of cultured WDs to LPS (96 h) resulted in dysregulations of morphogenetic events and LAMA1 immunodistribution changes, suggesting the extracellular matrix at the intersection between WD morphogenesis and balance of innate immune components. Our results unveil the epididymal morphogenesis as an event equipped with TLR4/NFKB signaling components that may serve developmental functions, and eventually transition to host defense function when the fetus is exposed to an infectious or noninfectious threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas G A Ferreira
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Fernanda A Nishino
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Samuel G Fernandes
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil
| | - Camilla M Ribeiro
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil; Centro Universitário do Planalto de Araxá (UNIARAXÁ), Araxá, MG, 38180-084, Brazil
| | - Barry T Hinton
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
| | - Maria Christina W Avellar
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal de São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, SP, 04044-020, Brazil.
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37
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Guo Y, Nitzan M, Brenner MP. Programming cell growth into different cluster shapes using diffusible signals. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009576. [PMID: 34748539 PMCID: PMC8601629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in genetic engineering technologies have allowed the construction of artificial genetic circuits, which have been used to generate spatial patterns of differential gene expression. However, the question of how cells can be programmed, and how complex the rules need to be, to achieve a desired tissue morphology has received less attention. Here, we address these questions by developing a mathematical model to study how cells can collectively grow into clusters with different structural morphologies by secreting diffusible signals that can influence cellular growth rates. We formulate how growth regulators can be used to control the formation of cellular protrusions and how the range of achievable structures scales with the number of distinct signals. We show that a single growth inhibitor is insufficient for the formation of multiple protrusions but may be achieved with multiple growth inhibitors, and that other types of signals can regulate the shape of protrusion tips. These examples illustrate how our approach could potentially be used to guide the design of regulatory circuits for achieving a desired target structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipei Guo
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Mor Nitzan
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Brenner
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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38
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Chan EHY, Zhou Y, Aerne BL, Holder MV, Weston A, Barry DJ, Collinson L, Tapon N. RASSF8-mediated transport of Echinoid via the exocyst promotes Drosophila wing elongation and epithelial ordering. Development 2021; 148:dev199731. [PMID: 34532737 PMCID: PMC8572004 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cell-cell junctions are dynamic structures that maintain cell cohesion and shape in epithelial tissues. During development, junctions undergo extensive rearrangements to drive the epithelial remodelling required for morphogenesis. This is particularly evident during axis elongation, where neighbour exchanges, cell-cell rearrangements and oriented cell divisions lead to large-scale alterations in tissue shape. Polarised vesicle trafficking of junctional components by the exocyst complex has been proposed to promote junctional rearrangements during epithelial remodelling, but the receptors that allow exocyst docking to the target membranes remain poorly understood. Here, we show that the adherens junction component Ras Association domain family 8 (RASSF8) is required for the epithelial re-ordering that occurs during Drosophila pupal wing proximo-distal elongation. We identify the exocyst component Sec15 as a RASSF8 interactor. Loss of RASSF8 elicits cytoplasmic accumulation of Sec15 and Rab11-containing vesicles. These vesicles also contain the nectin-like homophilic adhesion molecule Echinoid, the depletion of which phenocopies the wing elongation and epithelial packing defects observed in RASSF8 mutants. Thus, our results suggest that RASSF8 promotes exocyst-dependent docking of Echinoid-containing vesicles during morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunice H. Y. Chan
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Yanxiang Zhou
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Birgit L. Aerne
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Maxine V. Holder
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Anne Weston
- Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - David J. Barry
- Advanced Light Microscopy Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Lucy Collinson
- Electron Microscopy Science Technology Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Nicolas Tapon
- Apoptosis and Proliferation Control Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
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Shewale B, Dubois N. Of form and function: Early cardiac morphogenesis across classical and emerging model systems. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 118:107-118. [PMID: 33994301 PMCID: PMC8434962 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The heart is the earliest organ to develop during embryogenesis and is remarkable in its ability to function efficiently as it is being sculpted. Cardiac heart defects account for a high burden of childhood developmental disorders with many remaining poorly understood mechanistically. Decades of work across a multitude of model organisms has informed our understanding of early cardiac differentiation and morphogenesis and has simultaneously opened new and unanswered questions. Here we have synthesized current knowledge in the field and reviewed recent developments in the realm of imaging, bioengineering and genetic technology and ex vivo cardiac modeling that may be deployed to generate more holistic models of early cardiac morphogenesis, and by extension, new platforms to study congenital heart defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhavana Shewale
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Nicole Dubois
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA; Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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40
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Kalmbach BE, Hodge RD, Jorstad NL, Owen S, de Frates R, Yanny AM, Dalley R, Mallory M, Graybuck LT, Radaelli C, Keene CD, Gwinn RP, Silbergeld DL, Cobbs C, Ojemann JG, Ko AL, Patel AP, Ellenbogen RG, Bakken TE, Daigle TL, Dee N, Lee BR, McGraw M, Nicovich PR, Smith K, Sorensen SA, Tasic B, Zeng H, Koch C, Lein ES, Ting JT. Signature morpho-electric, transcriptomic, and dendritic properties of human layer 5 neocortical pyramidal neurons. Neuron 2021; 109:2914-2927.e5. [PMID: 34534454 PMCID: PMC8570452 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2021.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the neocortex, subcerebral axonal projections originate largely from layer 5 (L5) extratelencephalic-projecting (ET) neurons. The unique morpho-electric properties of these neurons have been mainly described in rodents, where retrograde tracers or transgenic lines can label them. Similar labeling strategies are infeasible in the human neocortex, rendering the translational relevance of findings in rodents unclear. We leveraged the recent discovery of a transcriptomically defined L5 ET neuron type to study the properties of human L5 ET neurons in neocortical brain slices derived from neurosurgeries. Patch-seq recordings, where transcriptome, physiology, and morphology were assayed from the same cell, revealed many conserved morpho-electric properties of human and rodent L5 ET neurons. Divergent properties were often subtler than differences between L5 cell types within these two species. These data suggest a conserved function of L5 ET neurons in the neocortical hierarchy but also highlight phenotypic divergence possibly related to functional specialization of human neocortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian E Kalmbach
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | | | | | - Scott Owen
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | - Rachel Dalley
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Matt Mallory
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | | | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ryder P Gwinn
- Epilepsy Surgery and Functional Neurosurgery, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
| | - Daniel L Silbergeld
- Department of Neurological Surgery and Alvord Brain Tumor Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Charles Cobbs
- The Ben and Catherine Ivy Center for Advanced Brain Tumor Treatment, Swedish Neuroscience Institute, Seattle, WA 98122, USA
| | - Jeffrey G Ojemann
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Regional Epilepsy Center, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Andrew L Ko
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Regional Epilepsy Center, Harborview Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98104, USA
| | - Anoop P Patel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Richard G Ellenbogen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Tanya L Daigle
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Nick Dee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Brian R Lee
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Medea McGraw
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Kimberly Smith
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | | | - Bosiljka Tasic
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Hongkui Zeng
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Christof Koch
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ed S Lein
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Jonathan T Ting
- Allen Institute for Brain Science, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; The Washington National Primate Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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41
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Bunce C, McKey J, Capel B. Concerted morphogenesis of genital ridges and nephric ducts in the mouse captured through whole-embryo imaging. Development 2021; 148:dev199208. [PMID: 33795229 PMCID: PMC8242465 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
During development of the mouse urogenital complex, the gonads undergo changes in three-dimensional structure, body position and spatial relationship with the mesonephric ducts, kidneys and adrenals. The complexity of genital ridge development obscures potential connections between morphogenesis and gonadal sex determination. To characterize the morphogenic processes implicated in regulating gonad shape and fate, we used whole-embryo tissue clearing and light sheet microscopy to assemble a time course of gonad development in native form and context. Analysis revealed that gonad morphology is determined through anterior-to-posterior patterns as well as increased rates of growth, rotation and separation in the central domain that may contribute to regionalization of the gonad. We report a close alignment of gonad and mesonephric duct movements as well as delayed duct development in a gonad dysgenesis mutant, which together support a mechanical dependency linking gonad and mesonephric duct morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Blanche Capel
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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42
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Steventon B, Busby L, Arias AM. Establishment of the vertebrate body plan: Rethinking gastrulation through stem cell models of early embryogenesis. Dev Cell 2021; 56:2405-2418. [PMID: 34520764 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2021.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A striking property of vertebrate embryos is the emergence of a conserved body plan across a wide range of organisms through the process of gastrulation. As the body plan unfolds, gene regulatory networks (GRNs) and multicellular interactions (cell regulatory networks, CRNs) combine to generate a conserved set of morphogenetic events that lead to the phylotypic stage. Interrogation of these multilevel interactions requires manipulation of the mechanical environment, which is difficult in vivo. We review recent studies of stem cell models of early embryogenesis from different species showing that, independent of species origin, cells in culture form similar structures. The main difference between embryos and in vitro models is the boundary conditions of the multicellular ensembles. We discuss these observations and suggest that the mechanical and geometric boundary conditions of different embryos before gastrulation hide a morphogenetic ground state that is revealed in the stem-cell-based models of embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lara Busby
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EH, UK
| | - Alfonso Martinez Arias
- Systems Bioengineering, DCEXS, Universidad Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader, 88 ICREA, Pag Lluis Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain.
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43
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Lu P, Wang Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Wu B, Zheng D, Harvey RP, Zhou B. Perinatal angiogenesis from pre-existing coronary vessels via DLL4-NOTCH1 signalling. Nat Cell Biol 2021; 23:967-977. [PMID: 34497373 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-021-00747-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
New coronary vessels are added to the heart around birth to support postnatal cardiac growth. Here we show that, in late fetal development, the embryonic coronary plexus at the inner myocardium of the ventricles expresses the angiogenic signalling factors VEGFR3 and DLL4 and generates new coronary vessels in neonates. Contrary to a previous model in which the formation of new coronary vessels in neonates from ventricular endocardial cells was proposed, we find that late fetal and neonatal ventricular endocardial cells lack angiogenic potential and do not contribute to new coronary vessels. Instead, we show using lineage-tracing as well as gain- and loss-of-function experiments that the pre-existing embryonic coronary plexus at the inner myocardium undergoes angiogenic expansion through the DLL4-NOTCH1 signalling pathway to vascularize the expanding myocardium. We also show that the pre-existing coronary plexus revascularizes the regenerating neonatal heart through a similar mechanism. These findings provide a different model of neonatal coronary angiogenesis and regeneration, potentially informing cardiovascular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Lu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yidong Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Environment and Genes Related to Diseases of Ministry of Education, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingruo Wu
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Deyou Zheng
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard P Harvey
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- St Vincent's Clinical School, and School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bin Zhou
- Department of Genetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Departments of Pediatrics (Pediatric Genetic Medicine) and Medicine (Cardiology), Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Wilf Family Cardiovascular Research Institute and Einstein Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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44
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Ridge LA, Kewbank D, Schütz D, Stumm R, Scambler PJ, Ivins S. Dual role for CXCL12 signaling in semilunar valve development. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109610. [PMID: 34433040 PMCID: PMC8411116 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cxcl12-null embryos have dysplastic, misaligned, and hyperplastic semilunar valves (SLVs). In this study, we show that CXCL12 signaling via its receptor CXCR4 fulfills distinct roles at different stages of SLV development, acting initially as a guidance cue to pattern cellular distribution within the valve primordia during the endocardial-to-mesenchymal transition (endoMT) phase and later regulating mesenchymal cell proliferation during SLV remodeling. Transient, anteriorly localized puncta of internalized CXCR4 are observed in cells undergoing endoMT. In vitro, CXCR4+ cell orientation in response to CXCL12 requires phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling and is inhibited by suppression of endocytosis. This dynamic intracellular localization of CXCR4 during SLV development is related to CXCL12 availability, potentially enabling activation of divergent downstream signaling pathways at key developmental stages. Importantly, Cxcr7-/- mutants display evidence of excessive CXCL12 signaling, indicating a likely role for atypical chemokine receptor CXCR7 in regulating ligand bioavailability and thus CXCR4 signaling output during SLV morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam A Ridge
- Developmental Biology of Birth Defects, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Dania Kewbank
- Developmental Biology of Birth Defects, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Dagmar Schütz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Ralf Stumm
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena 07747, Germany
| | - Peter J Scambler
- Developmental Biology of Birth Defects, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Sarah Ivins
- Developmental Biology of Birth Defects, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK.
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45
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Aguirre-Tamaral A, Guerrero I. Improving the understanding of cytoneme-mediated morphogen gradients by in silico modeling. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009245. [PMID: 34343167 PMCID: PMC8362982 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphogen gradients are crucial for the development of organisms. The biochemical properties of many morphogens prevent their extracellular free diffusion, indicating the need of an active mechanism for transport. The involvement of filopodial structures (cytonemes) has been proposed for morphogen signaling. Here, we describe an in silico model based on the main general features of cytoneme-meditated gradient formation and its implementation into Cytomorph, an open software tool. We have tested the spatial and temporal adaptability of our model quantifying Hedgehog (Hh) gradient formation in two Drosophila tissues. Cytomorph is able to reproduce the gradient and explain the different scaling between the two epithelia. After experimental validation, we studied the predicted impact of a range of features such as length, size, density, dynamics and contact behavior of cytonemes on Hh morphogen distribution. Our results illustrate Cytomorph as an adaptive tool to test different morphogen gradients and to generate hypotheses that are difficult to study experimentally. Graded distribution of signaling molecules (morphogens) is crucial for the development of organisms. Signaling membrane protrusions, called Cytonemes, have been experimentally demonstrated to be involved in morphogen transport and reception. Here, we have developed an in silico model for gradient formation based on key features of cytoneme mediated signaling. We have also implemented the model into an open software tool we named Cytomorph, and validated it by comparing its simulations with experimental data obtained from Hedgehog morphogen distribution. Finally, we have generated in silico predictions for the impact of different cytoneme features such as length, size, density, dynamics and contact behavior. Our results show that Cytomorph is an adaptive tool that can facilitate the study of other cytoneme-dependent morphogen gradients, besides being able to generate hypotheses about aspects that remain elusive to experimental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Aguirre-Tamaral
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (AA-T); (IG)
| | - Isabel Guerrero
- Tissue and Organ Homeostasis, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail: (AA-T); (IG)
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46
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Casey MA, Lusk S, Kwan KM. Build me up optic cup: Intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of vertebrate eye morphogenesis. Dev Biol 2021; 476:128-136. [PMID: 33811855 PMCID: PMC8848517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The basic structure of the eye, which is crucial for visual function, is established during the embryonic process of optic cup morphogenesis. Molecular pathways of specification and patterning are integrated with spatially distinct cell and tissue shape changes to generate the eye, with discrete domains and structural features: retina and retinal pigment epithelium enwrap the lens, and the optic fissure occupies the ventral surface of the eye and optic stalk. Interest in the underlying cell biology of eye morphogenesis has led to a growing body of work, combining molecular genetics and imaging to quantify cellular processes such as adhesion and actomyosin activity. These studies reveal that intrinsic machinery and spatiotemporally specific extrinsic inputs collaborate to control dynamics of cell movements and morphologies. Here we consider recent advances in our understanding of eye morphogenesis, with a focus on the mechanics of eye formation throughout vertebrate systems, including insights and potential opportunities using organoids, which may provide a tractable system to test hypotheses from embryonic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macaulie A Casey
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Sarah Lusk
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Kristen M Kwan
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
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47
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Mancini P, Ossipova O, Sokol SY. The dorsal blastopore lip is a source of signals inducing planar cell polarity in the Xenopus neural plate. Biol Open 2021; 10:bio058761. [PMID: 34259326 PMCID: PMC8325942 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordinated polarization of cells in the tissue plane, known as planar cell polarity (PCP), is associated with a signaling pathway critical for the control of morphogenetic processes. Although the segregation of PCP components to opposite cell borders is believed to play a critical role in this pathway, whether PCP derives from egg polarity or preexistent long-range gradient, or forms in response to a localized cue, remains a challenging question. Here we investigate the Xenopus neural plate, a tissue that has been previously shown to exhibit PCP. By imaging Vangl2 and Prickle3, we show that PCP is progressively acquired in the neural plate and requires a signal from the posterior region of the embryo. Tissue transplantations indicated that PCP is triggered in the neural plate by a planar cue from the dorsal blastopore lip. The PCP cue did not depend on the orientation of the graft and was distinct from neural inducers. These observations suggest that neuroectodermal PCP is not instructed by a preexisting molecular gradient but induced by a signal from the dorsal blastopore lip.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergei Y. Sokol
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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48
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Kim R, Yu T, Li J, Prochazka J, Sharir A, Green JBA, Klein OD. Early perturbation of Wnt signaling reveals patterning and invagination-evagination control points in molar tooth development. Development 2021; 148:dev199685. [PMID: 34195802 PMCID: PMC8326921 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Tooth formation requires complex signaling interactions both within the oral epithelium and between the epithelium and the underlying mesenchyme. Previous studies of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway have shown that tooth formation is partly inhibited in loss-of-function mutants, and gain-of-function mutants have perturbed tooth morphology. However, the stage at which Wnt signaling is first important in tooth formation remains unclear. Here, using an Fgf8-promoter-driven, and therefore early, deletion of β-catenin in mouse molar epithelium, we found that loss of Wnt/β-catenin signaling completely deletes the molar tooth, demonstrating that this pathway is central to the earliest stages of tooth formation. Early expression of a dominant-active β-catenin protein also perturbs tooth formation, producing a large domed evagination at early stages and supernumerary teeth later on. The early evaginations are associated with premature mesenchymal condensation marker, and are reduced by inhibition of condensation-associated collagen synthesis. We propose that invagination versus evagination morphogenesis is regulated by the relative timing of epithelial versus mesenchymal cell convergence regulated by canonical Wnt signaling. Together, these studies reveal new aspects of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in tooth formation and in epithelial morphogenesis more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kim
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Tingsheng Yu
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jingjing Li
- Centre for Craniofacial Regeneration and Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jan Prochazka
- Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR, v. v. i., Prumyslova 595, 252 42 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Amnon Sharir
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jeremy B. A. Green
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Centre for Craniofacial Regeneration and Biology, King's College London, London, SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ophir D. Klein
- Program in Craniofacial Biology and Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
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49
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Lee HS, Choi I, Jeon Y, Ahn HK, Cho H, Kim J, Kim JH, Lee JM, Lee S, Bünting J, Seo DH, Lee T, Lee DH, Lee I, Oh MH, Kim TW, Belkhadir Y, Pai HS. Chaperone-like protein DAY plays critical roles in photomorphogenesis. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4194. [PMID: 34234144 PMCID: PMC8263706 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24446-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Photomorphogenesis, light-mediated development, is an essential feature of all terrestrial plants. While chloroplast development and brassinosteroid (BR) signaling are known players in photomorphogenesis, proteins that regulate both pathways have yet to be identified. Here we report that DE-ETIOLATION IN THE DARK AND YELLOWING IN THE LIGHT (DAY), a membrane protein containing DnaJ-like domain, plays a dual-role in photomorphogenesis by stabilizing the BR receptor, BRI1, as well as a key enzyme in chlorophyll biosynthesis, POR. DAY localizes to both the endomembrane and chloroplasts via its first transmembrane domain and chloroplast transit peptide, respectively, and interacts with BRI1 and POR in their respective subcellular compartments. Using genetic analysis, we show that DAY acts independently on BR signaling and chlorophyll biogenesis. Collectively, this work uncovers DAY as a factor that simultaneously regulates BR signaling and chloroplast development, revealing a key regulator of photomorphogenesis that acts across cell compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Seok Lee
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
- Department of Systems biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ilyeong Choi
- Department of Systems biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Jeon
- Department of Systems biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Ahn
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Huikyong Cho
- BPMP, University of Montpellier, CNRS, INRAE, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France
| | - JiWoo Kim
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Jae-Hee Kim
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Jung-Min Lee
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - SungHee Lee
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Bünting
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Dong Hye Seo
- Department of Systems biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tak Lee
- Sainsbury Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Du-Hwa Lee
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Insuk Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Man-Ho Oh
- Plant Developmental Genetics, Department of Biological Science, College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Tae-Wuk Kim
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Youssef Belkhadir
- Gregor Mendel Institute (GMI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.
| | - Hyun-Sook Pai
- Department of Systems biology, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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50
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Li H, Schilderink S, Cao Q, Kulikova O, Bisseling T. Plant-specific histone deacetylases are essential for early and late stages of Medicago nodule development. Plant Physiol 2021; 186:1591-1605. [PMID: 33744928 PMCID: PMC8260124 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Legume and rhizobium species can establish a nitrogen-fixing nodule symbiosis. Previous studies have shown that several transcription factors that play a role in (lateral) root development are also involved in nodule development. Chromatin remodeling factors, like transcription factors, are key players in regulating gene expression. However, studies have not investigated whether chromatin remodeling genes that are essential for root development are also involved in nodule development. Here, we studied the role of Medicago (Medicago truncatula) histone deacetylases (MtHDTs) in nodule development. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) orthologs of HDTs have been shown to play a role in root development. MtHDT expression is induced in nodule primordia and is maintained in the nodule meristem and infection zone. Conditional, nodule-specific knockdown of MtHDT expression by RNAi blocks nodule primordium development. A few nodules may still form, but their nodule meristems are smaller, and rhizobial colonization of the cells derived from the meristem is markedly reduced. Although the HDTs are expressed during nodule and root development, transcriptome analyses indicate that HDTs control the development of each organ in a different manner. During nodule development, the MtHDTs positively regulate 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme a reductase 1 (MtHMGR1). Decreased expression of MtHMGR1 is sufficient to explain the inhibition of primordium formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huchen Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
- Department of Plant Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Stefan Schilderink
- Department of Plant Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Present address: St. Bonifatius College, Burgemeester Fockema Andreaelaan 7–9, 3582 KA Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Qingqin Cao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Olga Kulikova
- Department of Plant Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ton Bisseling
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
- Department of Plant Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Wageningen University, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Author for communication:
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