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Zibold J, Lessard LER, Picard F, da Silva LG, Zadorozhna Y, Streichenberger N, Belotti E, Osseni A, Emerit A, Errazuriz-Cerda E, Michel-Calemard L, Menassa R, Coudert L, Wiessner M, Stucka R, Klopstock T, Simonetti F, Hutten S, Nonaka T, Hasegawa M, Strom TM, Bernard E, Ollagnon E, Urtizberea A, Dormann D, Petiot P, Schaeffer L, Senderek J, Leblanc P. The new missense G376V-TDP-43 variant induces late-onset distal myopathy but not amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Brain 2024; 147:1768-1783. [PMID: 38079474 PMCID: PMC11068115 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
TAR DNA binding protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43)-positive inclusions in neurons are a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases including familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (fALS) caused by pathogenic TARDBP variants as well as more common non-Mendelian sporadic ALS (sALS). Here we report a G376V-TDP-43 missense variant in the C-terminal prion-like domain of the protein in two French families affected by an autosomal dominant myopathy but not fulfilling diagnostic criteria for ALS. Patients from both families presented with progressive weakness and atrophy of distal muscles, starting in their fifth to seventh decade. Muscle biopsies revealed a degenerative myopathy characterized by accumulation of rimmed (autophagic) vacuoles, disruption of sarcomere integrity and severe myofibrillar disorganization. The G376V variant altered a highly conserved amino acid residue and was absent in databases on human genome variation. Variant pathogenicity was supported by in silico analyses and functional studies. The G376V mutant increased the formation of cytoplasmic TDP-43 condensates in cell culture models, promoted assembly into high molecular weight oligomers and aggregates in vitro, and altered morphology of TDP-43 condensates arising from phase separation. Moreover, the variant led to the formation of cytoplasmic TDP-43 condensates in patient-derived myoblasts and induced abnormal mRNA splicing in patient muscle tissue. The identification of individuals with TDP-43-related myopathy, but not ALS, implies that TARDBP missense variants may have more pleiotropic effects than previously anticipated and support a primary role for TDP-43 in skeletal muscle pathophysiology. We propose to include TARDBP screening in the genetic work-up of patients with late-onset distal myopathy. Further research is warranted to examine the precise pathogenic mechanisms of TARDBP variants causing either a neurodegenerative or myopathic phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Zibold
- Friedrich-Baur Institute at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Lola E R Lessard
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Service d’Electroneuromyographie et de pathologies neuromusculaires, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Flavien Picard
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Lara Gruijs da Silva
- Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (GSN), LMU BioCenter, Department Biology II Neurobiology, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- Center for Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Yelyzaveta Zadorozhna
- Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- International PhD Programme (IPP) of the Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Nathalie Streichenberger
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Département d’Anatomo-Pathologie, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Edwige Belotti
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Alexis Osseni
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Andréa Emerit
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | | | - Laurence Michel-Calemard
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Service Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Centre de biologie et pathologie Est, Hospices civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Rita Menassa
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Service Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire, Centre de biologie et pathologie Est, Hospices civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Laurent Coudert
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Manuela Wiessner
- Friedrich-Baur Institute at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Rolf Stucka
- Friedrich-Baur Institute at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Klopstock
- Friedrich-Baur Institute at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich Site, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Francesca Simonetti
- Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School of Systemic Neurosciences (GSN), LMU BioCenter, Department Biology II Neurobiology, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich Site, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Saskia Hutten
- Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Takashi Nonaka
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Masato Hasegawa
- Dementia Research Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Emilien Bernard
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
- Service d’Electroneuromyographie et de pathologies neuromusculaires, Hôpital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69677 Bron, France
| | - Elisabeth Ollagnon
- Service de Génétique, Neurogénétique et Médecine Prédictive, Hôpital de la Croix-Rousse, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Andoni Urtizberea
- Centre de Référence Neuromusculaire, Hôpital Marin—APHP, 64701 Hendaye, France
| | - Dorothee Dormann
- Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Faculty of Biology, Institute of Molecular Physiology, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Laurent Schaeffer
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
| | - Jan Senderek
- Friedrich-Baur Institute at the Department of Neurology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Pascal Leblanc
- Faculté de Médecine Rockefeller, Institut NeuroMyoGène-PGNM, Université Claude Bernard Lyon, 69008 Lyon, France
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von der Emde L, Rennen GC, Vaisband M, Hasenauer J, Liegl R, Fleckenstein M, Pfau M, Holz FG, Ach T. Impact of lens autofluorescence and opacification on retinal imaging. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2024; 9:e001628. [PMID: 38684375 PMCID: PMC11086461 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinal imaging, including fundus autofluorescence (FAF), strongly depends on the clearness of the optical media. Lens status is crucial since the ageing lens has both light-blocking and autofluorescence (AF) properties that distort image analysis. Here, we report both lens opacification and AF metrics and the effect on automated image quality assessment. METHODS 227 subjects (range: 19-89 years old) received quantitative AF of the lens (LQAF), Scheimpflug, anterior chamber optical coherence tomography as well as blue/green FAF (BAF/GAF), and infrared (IR) imaging. LQAF values, the Pentacam Nucleus Staging score and the relative lens reflectivity were extracted to estimate lens opacification. Mean opinion scores of FAF and IR image quality were compiled by medical readers. A regression model for predicting image quality was developed using a convolutional neural network (CNN). Correlation analysis was conducted to assess the association of lens scores, with retinal image quality derived from human or CNN annotations. RESULTS Retinal image quality was generally high across all imaging modalities (IR (8.25±1.99) >GAF >BAF (6.6±3.13)). CNN image quality prediction was excellent (average mean absolute error (MAE) 0.9). Predictions were comparable to human grading. Overall, LQAF showed the highest correlation with image quality grading criteria for all imaging modalities (eg, Pearson correlation±CI -0.35 (-0.50 to 0.18) for BAF/LQAF). BAF image quality was most vulnerable to an increase in lenticular metrics, while IR (-0.19 (-0.38 to 0.01)) demonstrated the highest resilience. CONCLUSION The use of CNN-based retinal image quality assessment achieved excellent results. The study highlights the vulnerability of BAF to lenticular remodelling. These results can aid in the development of cut-off values for clinical studies, ensuring reliable data collection for the monitoring of retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon von der Emde
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, NRW, Germany
- University of Bonn, Bonn, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Geena C Rennen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Marc Vaisband
- Life & Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III with Haematology, Laboratory for Immunological and Molecular Cancer Research, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jan Hasenauer
- Life & Medical Sciences Institute, Bonn, Germany
- Helmholtz Center Munich- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Computational Biology, Bonn, Germany
| | - Raffael Liegl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, NRW, Germany
| | - Monika Fleckenstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, NRW, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Maximilian Pfau
- Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Basel-Stadt, Switzerland
| | - Frank G Holz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universitat Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Ach
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, NRW, Germany
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Weng A, Rabin EE, Flozak AS, Chiarella SE, Aillon RP, Gottardi CJ. Alpha-T-catenin is expressed in peripheral nerves as a constituent of Schwann cell adherens junctions. Biol Open 2022; 11:bio059634. [PMID: 36420826 PMCID: PMC9793867 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The adherens junction component, alpha-T-catenin (αTcat) is an established contributor to cardiomyocyte junction structure and function, but recent genomic studies link CTNNA3 polymorphisms to diseases with no clear cardiac underpinning, including asthma, autism and multiple sclerosis, suggesting causal contributions from a different cell-type. We show Ctnna3 mRNA is highly expressed in peripheral nerves (e.g. vagus and sciatic), where αTcat protein enriches at paranodes and myelin incisure adherens junctions of Schwann cells. We validate αTcat immunodetection specificity using a new Ctnna3-knock-out fluorescence reporter mouse line yet find no obvious Schwann cell loss-of-function morphology at the light microscopic level. CTNNA3/Ctnna3 mRNA is also abundantly detected in oligodendrocytes of the central nervous system via public databases, supporting a general role for αTcat in these unique cell-cell junctions. These data suggest that the wide range of diseases linked to CTNNA3 may be through its role in maintaining neuroglial functions of central and peripheral nervous systems. This article has a corresponding First Person interview with the co-first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthea Weng
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Erik E. Rabin
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Annette S. Flozak
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Sergio E. Chiarella
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | - Raul Piseaux Aillon
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Cara J. Gottardi
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
- Cell & Developmental Biology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
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Ye J, Mills BN, Qin SS, Garrett-Larsen J, Murphy JD, Uccello TP, Han BJ, Vrooman TG, Johnston CJ, Lord EM, Belt BA, Linehan DC, Gerber SA. Toll-like receptor 7/8 agonist R848 alters the immune tumor microenvironment and enhances SBRT-induced antitumor efficacy in murine models of pancreatic cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e004784. [PMID: 35851308 PMCID: PMC9295644 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) has been increasingly used as adjuvant therapy in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), and induces immunogenic cell death, which leads to the release of tumor antigen and damage-associated molecular patterns. However, this induction often fails to generate sufficient response to overcome pre-existing tumor microenvironment (TME) immunosuppression. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 ligands, such as R848, can amplify the effect of tumor vaccines, with recent evidence showing its antitumor effect in pancreatic cancer by modulating the immunosuppressive TME. Therefore, we hypothesized that the combination of R848 and SBRT would improve local and systemic antitumor immune responses by potentiating the antitumor effects of SBRT and reversing the immunosuppressive nature of the PDAC TME. METHODS Using murine models of orthotopic PDAC, we assessed the combination of intravenous TLR7/8 agonist R848 and local SBRT on tumor growth and immune response in primary pancreatic tumors. Additionally, we employed a hepatic metastatic model to investigate if the combination of SBRT targeting only the primary pancreatic tumor and systemic R848 is effective in controlling established liver metastases. RESULTS We demonstrated that intravenous administration of the TLR7/8 agonist R848, in combination with local SBRT, leads to superior tumor control compared with either treatment alone. The combination of R848 and SBRT results in significant immune activation of the pancreatic TME, including increased tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells, decreased regulatory T cells, and enhanced antigen-presenting cells maturation, as well as increased interferon gamma, granzyme B, and CCL5 along with decreased levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-6, and IL-10. Importantly, the combination of SBRT and systemic R848 also resulted in similar immunostimulatory changes in liver metastases, leading to improved metastatic control. CD8+ T cell depletion studies highlighted the necessity of these effector cells at both the local and hepatic metastatic sites. T cell receptor (TCR) clonotype analysis indicated that systemic R848 not only diversified the TCR repertoire but also conditioned the metastatic foci to facilitate entry of CD8+ T cells generated by SBRT therapy. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that systemic administration of TLR7/8 agonists in combination with SBRT may be a promising avenue for metastatic PDAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ye
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Center for Tumor Immunology Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Bradley N Mills
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Shuyang S Qin
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Jesse Garrett-Larsen
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Center for Tumor Immunology Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Joseph D Murphy
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Taylor P Uccello
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Booyeon J Han
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Tara G Vrooman
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Carl J Johnston
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Edith M Lord
- Center for Tumor Immunology Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Brian A Belt
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Center for Tumor Immunology Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - David C Linehan
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Center for Tumor Immunology Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Scott A Gerber
- Department of Surgery, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Center for Tumor Immunology Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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Borvinskaya EV, Kochneva AA, Drozdova PB, Balan OV, Zgoda VG. Temperature-induced reorganisation of Schistocephalus solidus (Cestoda) proteome during the transition to the warm-blooded host. Biol Open 2021; 10:bio058719. [PMID: 34787304 PMCID: PMC8609239 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein composition of the cestode Schistocephalus solidus was measured in an experiment simulating the trophic transmission of the parasite from a cold-blooded to a warm-blooded host. The first hour of host colonisation was studied in a model experiment, in which sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus infected with S. solidus were heated at 40°C for 1 h. As a result, a decrease in the content of one tegument protein was detected in the plerocercoids of S. solidus. Sexual maturation of the parasites was initiated in an experiment where S. solidus larvae were taken from fish and cultured in vitro at 40°C for 48 h. Temperature-independent changes in the parasite proteome were investigated by incubating plerocercoids at 22°C for 48 h in culture medium. Analysis of the proteome allowed us to distinguish the temperature-induced genes of S. solidus, as well as to specify the molecular markers of the plerocercoid and adult worms. The main conclusion of the study is that the key enzymes of long-term metabolic changes (glycogen consumption, protein production, etc.) in parasites during colonisation of a warm-blooded host are induced by temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Albina A. Kochneva
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Pushkinskaya Street, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Karelia, Russia
| | - Polina B. Drozdova
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, 3 Lenin St, 664025 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Olga V. Balan
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Pushkinskaya Street, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Karelia, Russia
| | - Victor G. Zgoda
- Department of Proteomic Research and Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 10 Pogodinskaya street, 119121 Moscow, Russia
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Xiao Y, Sosa F, Ross PJ, Diffenderfer KE, Hansen PJ. Regulation of NANOG and SOX2 expression by activin A and a canonical WNT agonist in bovine embryonic stem cells and blastocysts. Biol Open 2021; 10:bio058669. [PMID: 34643229 PMCID: PMC8649639 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bovine embryonic stem cells (ESC) have features associated with the primed pluripotent state including low expression of one of the core pluripotency transcription factors, NANOG. It has been reported that NANOG expression can be upregulated in porcine ESC by treatment with activin A and the WNT agonist CHIR99021. Accordingly, it was tested whether expression of NANOG and another pluripotency factor SOX2 could be stimulated by activin A and the WNT agonist CHIR99021. Immunoreactive NANOG and SOX2 were analyzed for bovine ESC lines derived under conditions in which activin A and CHIR99021 were added singly or in combination. Activin A enhanced NANOG expression but also reduced SOX2 expression. CHIR99021 depressed expression of both NANOG and SOX2. In a second experiment, activin A enhanced blastocyst development while CHIR99021 treatment impaired blastocyst formation and reduced number of blastomeres. Activin A treatment decreased blastomeres in the blastocyst that were positive for either NANOG or SOX2 but increased those that were CDX2+ and that were GATA6+ outside the inner cell mass. CHIR99021 reduced SOX2+ and NANOG+ blastomeres without affecting the number or percent of blastomeres that were CDX2+ and GATA6+. Results indicate activation of activin A signaling stimulates NANOG expression during self-renewal of bovine ESC but suppresses cells expressing pluripotency markers in the blastocyst and increases cells expressing CDX2. Actions of activin A to promote blastocyst development may involve its role in promoting trophectoderm formation. Furthermore, results demonstrate the negative role of canonical WNT signaling in cattle for pluripotency marker expression in ESC and in formation of the inner cell mass and epiblast during embryonic development. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xiao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Breeding, Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250100, China
- Department of Animal Sciences, D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0910, USA
| | - Froylan Sosa
- Department of Animal Sciences, D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0910, USA
| | - Pablo J. Ross
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Peter J. Hansen
- Department of Animal Sciences, D.H. Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Program, and Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0910, USA
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7
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Pompoco CJ, Curtin K, Taylor S, Paulson C, Shumway C, Conley M, Barker DJ, Swiston C, Stagg B, Ritch R, Wirostko BM. Summary of Utah Project on Exfoliation Syndrome (UPEXS): using a large database to identify systemic comorbidities. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2021; 6:e000803. [PMID: 34765740 PMCID: PMC8552159 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2021-000803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the Utah Project on Exfoliation Syndrome (UPEXS) is to identify associations between exfoliation syndrome (XFS) and other diseases that share the commonality of abnormalities in elastin and Lysyl Oxidase-Like 1 gene regulation. The UPEXS is unique because it uses the Utah Population Database, which is linked to the Utah genealogy, that contains a compilation of large pedigrees of most families in the state of Utah that go back multiple generations (3 to ≥11). The health and medical records of these family members are linked to vital records and can be used effectively in studies focused on genetic disorders like XFS, where familial clustering of a disorder is a trend. There is increasing evidence that patients with XFS have a higher risk of certain systemic disorders that reflect the systemic tissue abnormalities of XFS. Epidemiological studies focused on patients with XFS have shown that there is an increased risk of these individuals developing other pathologies that have abnormalities in extracellular matrix metabolism and repair. UPEXS has focused on suspected comorbidities that involve abnormalities in elastin maintenance, a protein that plays a role in the makeup of the extracellular matrix. In this paper, the results from the analysis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, inguinal hernias, pelvic organ prolapse, obstructive sleep apnoea and atrial fibrillation are summarised along with the utility of using such a large dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian James Pompoco
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Utah School of Medicine, John Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Karen Curtin
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Utah School of Medicine, John Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Samuel Taylor
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Utah School of Medicine, John Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Chase Paulson
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Utah School of Medicine, John Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Caleb Shumway
- Department of Ophthalmology, BronxCare Hospital Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Matt Conley
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Utah School of Medicine, John Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - D James Barker
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Utah School of Medicine, John Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Cole Swiston
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Utah School of Medicine, John Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Brian Stagg
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Utah School of Medicine, John Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Robert Ritch
- Einhorn Clinical Research, Department of New York Eye and Ear Infirmatory of Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Barbara M Wirostko
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Utah School of Medicine, John Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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8
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Adams SC, McMillan J, Salline K, Lavery J, Moskowitz CS, Matsoukas K, Chen MMZ, Santa Mina D, Scott JM, Jones LW. Comparing the reporting and conduct quality of exercise and pharmacological randomised controlled trials: a systematic review. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e048218. [PMID: 34380726 PMCID: PMC8359527 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the quality of exercise randomised controlled trial (RCT) reporting and conduct in clinical populations (ie, adults with or at risk of chronic conditions) and compare with matched pharmacological RCTs. DESIGN Systematic review. DATA SOURCES Embase (Elsevier), PubMed (NLM) and CINAHL (EBSCO). STUDY SELECTION RCTs of exercise in clinical populations with matching pharmacological RCTs published in leading clinical, medical and specialist journals with impact factors ≥15. REVIEW METHODS Overall RCT quality was evaluated by two independent reviewers using three research reporting guidelines (ie, Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT; pharmacological RCTs)/CONSORT for non-pharmacological treatments; exercise RCTs), CONSORT-Harms, Template for Intervention Description and Replication) and two risk of bias assessment (research conduct) tools (ie, Cochrane Risk of Bias, Jadad Scale). We compared research reporting and conduct quality within exercise RCTs with matched pharmacological RCTs, and examined factors associated with quality in exercise and pharmacological RCTs, separately. FINDINGS Forty-eight exercise RCTs (11 658 patients; median sample n=138) and 48 matched pharmacological RCTs were evaluated (18 501 patients; median sample n=160). RCTs were conducted primarily in cardiovascular medicine (43%) or oncology (31%). Overall quality score (composite of all research reporting and conduct quality scores; primary endpoint) for exercise RCTs was 58% (median score 46 of 80; IQR: 39-51) compared with 77% (53 of 68; IQR: 47-58) in the matched pharmacological RCTs (p≤0.001). Individual quality scores for trial reporting and conduct were lower in exercise RCTs compared with matched pharmacological RCTs (p≤0.03). Factors associated with higher overall quality scores for exercise RCTs were journal impact factor (≥25), sample size (≥152) and publication year (≥2013). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Research reporting and conduct quality within exercise RCTs is inferior to matched pharmacological RCTs. Suboptimal RCT reporting and conduct impact the fidelity, interpretation, and reproducibility of exercise trials and, ultimately, implementation of exercise in clinical populations. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42018095033.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott C Adams
- Department of Cardiology, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Ted Rogers Cardiotoxicity Prevention Program, Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Julia McMillan
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Kirsten Salline
- Internal Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jessica Lavery
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chaya S Moskowitz
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Maggie M Z Chen
- Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Santa Mina
- Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Anesthesia and Pain Management, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica M Scott
- Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Lee W Jones
- Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
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9
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McCarthy GM, Blasio A, Donovan OG, Schaller LB, Bock-Hughes A, Magraner JM, Suh JH, Tattersfield CF, Stillman IE, Shah SS, Zsengeller ZK, Subramanian B, Friedman DJ, Pollak MR. Recessive, gain-of-function toxicity in an APOL1 BAC transgenic mouse model mirrors human APOL1 kidney disease. Dis Model Mech 2021; 14:dmm048952. [PMID: 34350953 PMCID: PMC8353097 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.048952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
People of recent sub-Saharan African ancestry develop kidney failure much more frequently than other groups. A large fraction of this disparity is due to two coding sequence variants in the APOL1 gene. Inheriting two copies of these APOL1 risk variants, known as G1 and G2, causes high rates of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), HIV-associated nephropathy and hypertension-associated end-stage kidney disease. Disease risk follows a recessive mode of inheritance, which is puzzling given the considerable data that G1 and G2 are toxic gain-of-function variants. We developed coisogenic bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) transgenic mice harboring either the wild-type (G0), G1 or G2 forms of human APOL1. Expression of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) via plasmid tail vein injection results in upregulation of APOL1 protein levels together with robust induction of heavy proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis in G1/G1 and G2/G2 but not G0/G0 mice. The disease phenotype was greater in G2/G2 mice. Neither heterozygous (G1/G0 or G2/G0) risk variant mice nor hemizygous (G1/-, G2/-) mice had significant kidney injury in response to IFN-γ, although the heterozygous mice had a greater proteinuric response than the hemizygous mice, suggesting that the lack of significant disease in humans heterozygous for G1 or G2 is not due to G0 rescue of G1 or G2 toxicity. Studies using additional mice (multicopy G2 and a non-isogenic G0 mouse) supported the notion that disease is largely a function of the level of risk variant APOL1 expression. Together, these findings shed light on the recessive nature of APOL1-nephropathy and present an important model for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizelle M. McCarthy
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Angelo Blasio
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Olivia G. Donovan
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Lena B. Schaller
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Althea Bock-Hughes
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jose M. Magraner
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jung Hee Suh
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Calum F. Tattersfield
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Isaac E. Stillman
- Dept. of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shrijal S. Shah
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Zsuzsanna K. Zsengeller
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Balajikarthick Subramanian
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - David J. Friedman
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Martin R. Pollak
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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10
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Mancini P, Ossipova O, Sokol SY. The dorsal blastopore lip is a source of signals inducing planar cell polarity in the Xenopus neural plate. Biol Open 2021; 10:bio058761. [PMID: 34259326 PMCID: PMC8325942 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Coordinated polarization of cells in the tissue plane, known as planar cell polarity (PCP), is associated with a signaling pathway critical for the control of morphogenetic processes. Although the segregation of PCP components to opposite cell borders is believed to play a critical role in this pathway, whether PCP derives from egg polarity or preexistent long-range gradient, or forms in response to a localized cue, remains a challenging question. Here we investigate the Xenopus neural plate, a tissue that has been previously shown to exhibit PCP. By imaging Vangl2 and Prickle3, we show that PCP is progressively acquired in the neural plate and requires a signal from the posterior region of the embryo. Tissue transplantations indicated that PCP is triggered in the neural plate by a planar cue from the dorsal blastopore lip. The PCP cue did not depend on the orientation of the graft and was distinct from neural inducers. These observations suggest that neuroectodermal PCP is not instructed by a preexisting molecular gradient but induced by a signal from the dorsal blastopore lip.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergei Y. Sokol
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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11
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Grzybowski A, Shtayer C, Schwartz SG, Moisseiev E. The 100 most-cited papers on age-related macular degeneration: a bibliographic perspective. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2021; 6:e000823. [PMID: 34307893 PMCID: PMC8258665 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2021-000823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The 100 most-cited papers on age-related macular degeneration (AMD) were analysed using a bibliographic study. The bibliographic databases of the Institute for Scientific Information Web of Knowledge were searched, limited to research articles published between 1965 and 2020 in peer-reviewed journals. The papers were ranked in order of number of citations since publication. Five of the top 10 (and 3 of the top 4) papers reported randomised clinical trial results for either anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents or nutritional supplements. Four of the top 10 papers reported genotype-phenotype associations between AMD and variants in Complement Factor H. This bibliographic study provides perspective and insight into many of the most influential contributions in the understanding and management of AMD and its evolution over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Grzybowski
- Institute for Research in Ophthalmology, Poznan, Poland
- Ophthalmology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Chen Shtayer
- Ophthalmology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
| | - Stephen G Schwartz
- Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Naples, Florida, USA
| | - Elad Moisseiev
- Ophthalmology, Meir Medical Center, Kfar Saba, Israel
- Ophthalmology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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12
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Medina-Martinez O, Haller M, Rosenfeld JA, O'Neill MA, Lamb DJ, Jamrich M. The transcription factor Maz is essential for normal eye development. Dis Model Mech 2020; 13:dmm044412. [PMID: 32571845 PMCID: PMC7449797 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.044412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling has an essential role in eye development. Faulty regulation of this pathway results in ocular malformations, owing to defects in cell-fate determination and differentiation. Herein, we show that disruption of Maz, the gene encoding Myc-associated zinc-finger transcription factor, produces developmental eye defects in mice and humans. Expression of key genes involved in the Wnt cascade, Sfrp2, Wnt2b and Fzd4, was significantly increased in mice with targeted inactivation of Maz, resulting in abnormal peripheral eye formation with reduced proliferation of the progenitor cells in the region. Paradoxically, the Wnt reporter TCF-Lef1 displayed a significant downregulation in Maz-deficient eyes. Molecular analysis indicates that Maz is necessary for the activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and participates in the network controlling ciliary margin patterning. Copy-number variations and single-nucleotide variants of MAZ were identified in humans that result in abnormal ocular development. The data support MAZ as a key contributor to the eye comorbidities associated with chromosome 16p11.2 copy-number variants and as a transcriptional regulator of ocular development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Medina-Martinez
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Meade Haller
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jill A Rosenfeld
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, TX 77021, USA
| | - Marisol A O'Neill
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Dolores J Lamb
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- James Buchanan Brady Foundation Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY 10065, USA
- Englander Institute for Precision Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY 10065, USA
- Center for Reproductive Genomics, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, NY 10065, USA
| | - Milan Jamrich
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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13
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Chuang CH, Schlientz AJ, Yang J, Bowerman B. Microtubule assembly and pole coalescence: early steps in Caenorhabditiselegans oocyte meiosis I spindle assembly. Biol Open 2020; 9:bio052308. [PMID: 32493729 PMCID: PMC7328010 DOI: 10.1242/bio.052308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
How oocytes assemble bipolar meiotic spindles in the absence of centrosomes as microtubule organizing centers remains poorly understood. We have used live cell imaging in Caenorhabditis elegans to investigate requirements for the nuclear lamina and for conserved regulators of microtubule dynamics during oocyte meiosis I spindle assembly, assessing these requirements with respect to recently identified spindle assembly steps. We show that the nuclear lamina is required for microtubule bundles to form a peripheral cage-like structure that appears shortly after oocyte nuclear envelope breakdown and surrounds the oocyte chromosomes, although bipolar spindles still assembled in its absence. Although two conserved regulators of microtubule nucleation, RAN-1 and γ-tubulin, are not required for bipolar spindle assembly, both contribute to normal levels of spindle-associated microtubules and spindle assembly dynamics. Finally, the XMAP215 ortholog ZYG-9 and the nearly identical minus-end directed kinesins KLP-15/16 are required for proper assembly of the early cage-like structure of microtubule bundles, and for early spindle pole foci to coalesce into a bipolar structure. Our results provide a framework for assigning molecular mechanisms to recently described steps in C. elegans oocyte meiosis I spindle assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hui Chuang
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Department of Biology, 1229 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Aleesa J Schlientz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Department of Biology, 1229 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Department of Biology, 1229 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
| | - Bruce Bowerman
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Department of Biology, 1229 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
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Crescenzi R, Donahue PM, Petersen KJ, Garza M, Patel N, Lee C, Beckman JA, Donahue MJ. Upper and Lower Extremity Measurement of Tissue Sodium and Fat Content in Patients with Lipedema. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:907-915. [PMID: 32270924 PMCID: PMC7180116 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to compare tissue sodium and fat content in the upper and lower extremities of participants with lipedema versus controls using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS MRI was performed at 3.0 T in females with lipedema (n = 15, age = 43.2 ± 10.0 years, BMI = 30.3 ± 4.4 kg/m2 ) and controls without lipedema (n = 14, age = 42.8 ± 13.2 years, BMI = 28.8 ± 4.4 kg/m2 ). Participants were assessed for pain and disease stage. Sodium MRI was performed in the forearm and calf to quantify regional tissue sodium content (TSC, mmol/L). Chemical-shift-encoded water-fat MRI was performed in identical regions for measurement of fat/water (ratio). RESULTS In the calf, skin TSC (16.3 ± 2.6 vs. 14.4 ± 2.2 mmol/L, P = 0.04), muscle TSC (20.3 ± 3.0 vs. 18.3 ± 1.7 mmol/L, P = 0.03), and fat/water (1.03 ± 0.37 vs. 0.56 ± 0.21 ratio, P < 0.001) were significantly higher in participants with lipedema versus control participants. In the forearm, skin TSC (13.4 ± 3.3 vs. 12.0 ± 2.3 mmol/L, P = 0.2, Cohen's d = 0.50) and fat/water (0.65 ± 0.24 vs. 0.48 ± 0.24 ratio, P = 0.07, Cohen's d = 0.68) demonstrated moderate effect sizes in participants with lipedema versus control participants. Calf skin TSC was significantly correlated with pain (Spearman's rho = 0.55, P = 0.03) and disease stage (Spearman's rho = 0.82, P < 0.001) among participants with lipedema. CONCLUSIONS MRI-measured tissue sodium and fat content are significantly higher in the lower extremities, but not upper extremities, of patients with lipedema compared with BMI-matched controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle Crescenzi
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Corresponding author Rachelle Crescenzi, PhD, Assistant Professor, Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1161 21 Avenue South, Medical Center North AA-1105B, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Tel: +1 615.343.7182, Fax: +1 615.322.0734,
| | - Paula M.C. Donahue
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Dayani Center for Health and Wellness, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kalen J. Petersen
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maria Garza
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Niral Patel
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Chelsea Lee
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Joshua A. Beckman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Manus J. Donahue
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Neurology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
- Psychiatry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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15
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Ouyang J, Chen KT, Gong E, Pauly J, Zaharchuk G. Ultra-low-dose PET reconstruction using generative adversarial network with feature matching and task-specific perceptual loss. Med Phys 2019; 46:3555-3564. [PMID: 31131901 PMCID: PMC6692211 DOI: 10.1002/mp.13626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Our goal was to use a generative adversarial network (GAN) with feature matching and task-specific perceptual loss to synthesize standard-dose amyloid Positron emission tomography (PET) images of high quality and including accurate pathological features from ultra-low-dose PET images only. METHODS Forty PET datasets from 39 participants were acquired with a simultaneous PET/MRI scanner following injection of 330 ± 30 MBq of the amyloid radiotracer 18F-florbetaben. The raw list-mode PET data were reconstructed as the standard-dose ground truth and were randomly undersampled by a factor of 100 to reconstruct 1% low-dose PET scans. A 2D encoder-decoder network was implemented as the generator to synthesize a standard-dose image and a discriminator was used to evaluate them. The two networks contested with each other to achieve high-visual quality PET from the ultra-low-dose PET. Multi-slice inputs were used to reduce noise by providing the network with 2.5D information. Feature matching was applied to reduce hallucinated structures. Task-specific perceptual loss was designed to maintain the correct pathological features. The image quality was evaluated by peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), structural similarity (SSIM), and root mean square error (RMSE) metrics with and without each of these modules. Two expert radiologists were asked to score image quality on a 5-point scale and identified the amyloid status (positive or negative). RESULTS With only low-dose PET as input, the proposed method significantly outperformed Chen et al.'s method (Chen et al. Radiology. 2018;290:649-656) (which shows the best performance in this task) with the same input (PET-only model) by 1.87 dB in PSNR, 2.04% in SSIM, and 24.75% in RMSE. It also achieved comparable results to Chen et al.'s method which used additional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) inputs (PET-MR model). Experts' reading results showed that the proposed method could achieve better overall image quality and maintain better pathological features indicating amyloid status than both PET-only and PET-MR models proposed by Chen et al. CONCLUSION: Standard-dose amyloid PET images can be synthesized from ultra-low-dose images using GAN. Applying adversarial learning, feature matching, and task-specific perceptual loss are essential to ensure image quality and the preservation of pathological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahong Ouyang
- Department of RadiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Kevin T. Chen
- Department of RadiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
| | | | - John Pauly
- Department of Electrical EngineeringStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
| | - Greg Zaharchuk
- Department of RadiologyStanford UniversityStanfordCA94305USA
- Subtle MedicalMenlo ParkCA94025USA
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