1
|
Tanner SB, Bardo A, Davies TW, Dunmore CJ, Johnston RE, Owen NJ, Kivell TL, Skinner MM. Variation and covariation of external shape and cross-sectional geometry in the human metacarpus. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2024; 183:e24866. [PMID: 37929663 PMCID: PMC10952563 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.24866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Analyses of external bone shape using geometric morphometrics (GM) and cross-sectional geometry (CSG) are frequently employed to investigate bone structural variation and reconstruct activity in the past. However, the association between these methods has not been thoroughly investigated. Here, we analyze whole bone shape and CSG variation of metacarpals 1-5 and test covariation between them. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed external metacarpal shape using GM and CSG of the diaphysis at three locations in metacarpals 1-5. The study sample includes three modern human groups: crew from the shipwrecked Mary Rose (n = 35 metacarpals), a Pre-industrial group (n = 50), and a Post-industrial group (n = 31). We tested group differences in metacarpal shape and CSG, as well as correlations between these two aspects of metacarpal bone structure. RESULTS GM analysis demonstrated metacarpus external shape variation is predominately related to changes in diaphyseal width and articular surface size. Differences in external shape were found between the non-pollical metacarpals of the Mary Rose and Pre-industrial groups and between the third metacarpals of the Pre- and Post-industrial groups. CSG results suggest the Mary Rose and Post-industrial groups have stronger metacarpals than the Pre-industrial group. Correlating CSG and external shape showed significant relationships between increasing external robusticity and biomechanical strength across non-pollical metacarpals (r: 0.815-0.535; p ≤ 0.05). DISCUSSION Differences in metacarpal cortical structure and external shape between human groups suggest differences in the type and frequency of manual activities. Combining these results with studies of entheses and kinematics of the hand will improve reconstructions of manual behavior in the past.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samuel B. Tanner
- School of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
| | - Ameline Bardo
- School of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
- UMR 7194 ‐ Histoire Naturelle de l'Homme Préhistorique (HNHP)CNRS‐Muséum National d'Histoire NaturelleParisFrance
| | - Thomas W. Davies
- School of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
- Department of Human OriginsMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
| | | | - Richard E. Johnston
- Advanced Imaging of Materials (AIM) Facility, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Bay CampusSwansea UniversitySwanseaUK
| | - Nicholas J. Owen
- Applied Sports Technology Exercise and Medicine Research Centre (A‐STEM), School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Bay CampusSwansea UniversitySwanseaUK
| | - Tracy L. Kivell
- School of Anthropology and ConservationUniversity of KentCanterburyUK
- Department of Human OriginsMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary AnthropologyLeipzigGermany
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Junno JA, Keisu A, Niemelä M, Modarress Julin M, Korpelainen R, Jämsä T, Niinimäki J, Lehenkari P, Oura P. Accelerometer-measured physical activity is associated with knee breadth in middle-aged Finns - a population-based study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:517. [PMID: 35642051 PMCID: PMC9153128 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05475-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Articular surface size is traditionally considered to be a relatively stable trait throughout adulthood. Increased joint size reduces bone and cartilage tissue strains. Although physical activity (PA) has a clear association with diaphyseal morphology, the association between PA and articular surface size is yet to be confirmed. This cross-sectional study aimed to clarify the role of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) in knee morphology in terms of tibiofemoral joint size. Methods A sample of 1508 individuals from the population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 was used. At the age of 46, wrist-worn accelerometers were used to monitor MVPA (≥3.5 METs) during a period of two weeks, and knee radiographs were used to obtain three knee breadth measurements (femoral biepicondylar breadth, mediolateral breadth of femoral condyles, mediolateral breadth of the tibial plateau). The association between MVPA and knee breadth was analyzed using general linear models with adjustments for body mass index, smoking, education years, and accelerometer weartime. Results Of the sample, 54.8% were women. Most individuals were non-smokers (54.6%) and had 9—12 years of education (69.6%). Mean body mass index was 26.2 (standard deviation 4.3) kg/m2. MVPA was uniformly associated with all three knee breadth measurements among both women and men. For each 60 minutes/day of MVPA, the knee breadth dimensions were 1.8—2.0% (or 1.26—1.42 mm) larger among women (p < 0.001) and 1.4—1.6% (or 1.21—1.28 mm) larger among men (p < 0.001). Conclusions Higher MVPA is associated with larger tibiofemoral joint size. Our findings indicate that MVPA could potentially increase knee dimensions through similar biomechanical mechanisms it affects diaphyseal morphology, thus offering a potential target in reducing tissue strains and preventing knee problems. Further studies are needed to confirm and investigate the association between articulation area and musculoskeletal health. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-022-05475-7.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juho-Antti Junno
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Archaeology, Faculty of Arts, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Asla Keisu
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maisa Niemelä
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marella Modarress Julin
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Raija Korpelainen
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr., Oulu, Finland
| | - Timo Jämsä
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaakko Niinimäki
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri Lehenkari
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petteri Oura
- Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland. .,Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. .,Forensic Medicine Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Conconi M, Sancisi N, Parenti-Castelli V. Prediction of Individual Knee Kinematics From an MRI Representation of the Articular Surfaces. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2020; 68:1084-1092. [PMID: 32816671 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2020.3018113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The knowledge of individual joint motion may help to understand the articular physiology and to design better treatments and medical devices. Measurements of in-vivo individual motion are nowadays invasive/ionizing (fluoroscopy) or imprecise (skin markers). We propose a new approach to derive the individual knee natural motion from a three-dimensional representation of articular surfaces. METHODS We hypothesize that tissue adaptation shapes articular surfaces to optimize load distribution. Thus, the knee natural motion is obtained as the envelope of tibiofemoral positions and orientations that minimize peak contact pressure, i.e. that maximize joint congruence. We investigated four in-vitro and one in-vivo knees. Articular surfaces were reconstructed from a reference MRI. Natural motion was computed by congruence maximization and results were validated versus experimental data, acquired through bone implanted markers, in-vitro, and single-plane fluoroscopy, in-vivo. RESULTS In two cases, one of which in-vivo, maximum mean absolute error stays below 2.2° and 2.7 mm for rotations and translations, respectively. The remaining knees showed differences in joint internal rotation between the reference MRI and experimental motion at 0° flexion, possibly due to some laxity. The same difference is found in the model predictions, which, however, still replicate the individual knee motion. CONCLUSION The proposed approach allows the prediction of individual joint motion based on non-ionizing MRI data. SIGNIFICANCE This method may help to characterize healthy and, by comparison, pathological knee behavior. Moreover, it may provide an individual reference motion for the personalization of musculoskeletal models, opening the way to their clinical application.
Collapse
|
4
|
|
5
|
Mielke M, Wölfer J, Arnold P, van Heteren AH, Amson E, Nyakatura JA. Trabecular architecture in the sciuromorph femoral head: allometry and functional adaptation. ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2018; 4:10. [PMID: 29785282 PMCID: PMC5954450 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-018-0093-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sciuromorpha (squirrels and close relatives) are diverse in terms of body size and locomotor behavior. Individual species are specialized to perform climbing, gliding or digging behavior, the latter being the result of multiple independent evolutionary acquisitions. Each lifestyle involves characteristic loading patterns acting on the bones of sciuromorphs. Trabecular bone, as part of the bone inner structure, adapts to such loading patterns. This network of thin bony struts is subject to bone modeling, and therefore reflects habitual loading throughout lifetime. The present study investigates the effect of body size and lifestyle on trabecular structure in Sciuromorpha. METHODS Based upon high-resolution computed tomography scans, the femoral head 3D inner microstructure of 69 sciuromorph species was analyzed. Species were assigned to one of the following lifestyle categories: arboreal, aerial, fossorial and semifossorial. A cubic volume of interest was selected in the center of each femoral head and analyzed by extraction of various parameters that characterize trabecular architecture (degree of anisotropy, bone volume fraction, connectivity density, trabecular thickness, trabecular separation, bone surface density and main trabecular orientation). Our analysis included evaluation of the allometric signals and lifestyle-related adaptation in the trabecular parameters. RESULTS We show that bone surface density, bone volume fraction, and connectivity density are subject to positive allometry, and degree of anisotropy, trabecular thickness, and trabecular separation to negative allometry. The parameters connectivity density, bone surface density, trabecular thickness, and trabecular separation show functional signals which are related to locomotor behavior. Aerial species are distinguished from fossorial ones by a higher trabecular thickness, lower connectivity density and lower bone surface density. Arboreal species are distinguished from semifossorial ones by a higher trabecular separation. CONCLUSION This study on sciuromorph trabeculae supplements the few non-primate studies on lifestyle-related functional adaptation of trabecular bone. We show that the architecture of the femoral head trabeculae in Sciuromorpha correlates with body mass and locomotor habits. Our findings provide a new basis for experimental research focused on functional significance of bone inner microstructure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maja Mielke
- AG Morphologie und Formengeschichte, Institut für Biologie und Bild Wissen Gestaltung. Ein interdisziplinäres Labor, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, Berlin, 10099 Germany
| | - Jan Wölfer
- AG Morphologie und Formengeschichte, Institut für Biologie und Bild Wissen Gestaltung. Ein interdisziplinäres Labor, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, Berlin, 10099 Germany
| | - Patrick Arnold
- Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung mit Phyletischem Museum, Ernst-Haeckel-Haus und Biologiedidaktik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Erbert-Straße 1, Jena, 07743 Germany
- Department of Human EvolutionMax Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, 04103 Germany
| | - Anneke H. van Heteren
- Sektion Mammalogie, Zoologische Staatssammlung München – Staatliche Naturkundliche Sammlungen Bayerns, Münchhausenstr. 21, München, 81247 Germany
- GeoBio-Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Richard-Wagner-Str. 10, München, 80333 Germany
- Department Biologie II, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Großhaderner Str. 2, Planegg-Martinsried, 82152 Germany
| | - Eli Amson
- AG Morphologie und Formengeschichte, Institut für Biologie und Bild Wissen Gestaltung. Ein interdisziplinäres Labor, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, Berlin, 10099 Germany
| | - John A. Nyakatura
- AG Morphologie und Formengeschichte, Institut für Biologie und Bild Wissen Gestaltung. Ein interdisziplinäres Labor, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, Berlin, 10099 Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lewton KL. The effects of captive versus wild rearing environments on long bone articular surfaces in common chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes). PeerJ 2017; 5:e3668. [PMID: 28828263 PMCID: PMC5560229 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The physical environments of captive and wild animals frequently differ in substrate types and compliance. As a result, there is an assumption that differences in rearing environments between captive and wild individuals produce differences in skeletal morphology. Here, this hypothesis is tested using a sample of 42 captive and wild common chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Articular surface areas of the humerus, radius, ulna, femur, and tibia were calculated from linear breadth measurements, adjusted for size differences using Mosimann shape variables, and compared across sex and environmental groups using two-way ANOVA. Results indicate that the articular surfaces of the wrist and knee differ between captive and wild chimpanzees; captive individuals have significantly larger distal ulna and tibial plateau articular surfaces. In both captive and wild chimpanzees, males have significantly larger femoral condyles and distal radius surfaces than females. Finally, there is an interaction effect between sex and rearing in the articular surfaces of the femoral condyles and distal radius in which captive males have significantly larger surface areas than all other sex-rearing groups. These data suggest that long bone articular surfaces may be sensitive to differences experienced by captive and wild individuals, such as differences in diet, body mass, positional behaviors, and presumed loading environments. Importantly, these results only find differences due to rearing environment in some long bone articular surfaces. Thus, future work on skeletal morphology could cautiously incorporate data from captive individuals, but should first investigate potential intraspecific differences between captive and wild individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristi L. Lewton
- Department of Integrative Anatomical Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Reeves NM, Auerbach BM, Sylvester AD. Fluctuating and directional asymmetry in the long bones of captive cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2016; 160:41-51. [PMID: 26801822 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Skeletal asymmetries reflect developmental stability and mechanical, functional, and physiological influences on bone growth. In humans, researchers have documented the greatest limb bone bilateral asymmetry in diaphyseal breadths, with less asymmetry in articular and maximum length dimensions. However, it remains unclear as to whether the pattern observed for humans is representative of nonhuman primates, wherein bilateral loading may minimize directional asymmetry. This study adds to the small body of asymmetry data on nonhuman primates by investigating patterns of long bone asymmetry in a skeletal sample of Saguinus oedipus (cotton-top tamarin). MATERIALS AND METHODS Humeri, radii, ulnae, femora, and tibiae of 76 adult captive cotton-top tamarin skeletons (48 males, 28 females) were measured bilaterally. We included maximum length, midshaft diaphyseal breadths, and at least one articular measurement for each bone to assess directional (DA) and fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in each dimension. RESULTS Most dimensions exhibit significant FA, and very few have significant DA; DA is limited to the lower limb, especially in knee dimensions. Overall, the magnitudes of asymmetry in tamarins have a consistent ranking that follows the same pattern as found in humans. DISCUSSION This first study of DA and FA among multiple dimensions throughout the limbs of a non-hominoid primate suggests that previously-reported patterns of human bilateral asymmetry are not exclusive to humans. The results further indicate potential underlying differences in constraints on variation within limb bones. While processes shaping variation await further study, our results argue that different long bone dimensions may reflect dissimilar evolutionary processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Reeves
- Department of Anatomy, Ross University School of Medicine, Portsmouth, Dominica
- Department of Anthropology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN
| | | | - Adam D Sylvester
- Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Joint kinematics from functional adaptation: A validation on the tibio-talar articulation. J Biomech 2015; 48:2960-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
|
9
|
Reuther MS, Briggs KK, Neuman MK, Masuda K, Sah RL, Watson D. Shape fidelity of native and engineered human nasal septal cartilage. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2013; 148:753-7. [PMID: 23426709 PMCID: PMC4061292 DOI: 10.1177/0194599813478921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test engineered and native septal cartilage for resistance to deformation and remodeling under sustained bending loads and to determine the effect of bending loads on the biochemical properties of constructs. STUDY DESIGN Prospective, basic science. SETTING Laboratory. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Human septal chondrocytes from 6 donors were used to create 12-mm constructs. These were cultured for 10 weeks and subjected to bending for 6 days. Free-swelling controls and native tissue from 6 donors were used for comparison. Shape retention, photo documentation, live-dead staining, and biochemical properties were measured. RESULTS Live-dead staining showed no difference in cell survival between loaded constructs and free-swelling controls. The immediate shape retention of the constructs was 39.0% versus 24.4% for native tissue (P = .13). After 2 and 24 hours of relaxation, the constructs possessed similar shape retention to native tissue (26.9% and 16.4%; P = .126; 21.7% and 14.4%; P = .153). There was no significant change in construct shape retention from immediately after release to 2 hours of relaxation (39.0% and 26.9%, respectively; P = .238). In addition, the retention did not change significantly between 2 and 24 hours of relaxation (26.9% and 21.7%; P = .48). There was no significant difference in biochemical properties between loaded constructs and controls. CONCLUSION The shape retention properties of human septal neocartilage constructs are comparable to human native septal cartilage. In addition, mechanical loading of neocartilage constructs does not adversely affect cell viability or biochemical properties. This study demonstrates that neocartilage constructs possess adequate shape fidelity for use as septal cartilage graft material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marsha S Reuther
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92161, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wongdee K, Krishnamra N, Charoenphandhu N. Endochondral bone growth, bone calcium accretion, and bone mineral density: how are they related? J Physiol Sci 2012; 62:299-307. [PMID: 22627708 PMCID: PMC10717217 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-012-0212-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Endochondral bone growth in young growing mammals or adult mammals with persistent growth plates progresses from proliferation, maturation and hypertrophy of growth plate chondrocytes to mineralization of cartilaginous matrix to form an osseous tissue. This complex process is tightly regulated by a number of factors with different impacts, such as genetics, endocrine/paracrine factors [e.g., PTHrP, 1,25(OH)(2)D(3), IGF-1, FGFs, and prolactin], and nutritional status (e.g., dietary calcium and vitamin D). Despite a strong link between growth plate function and elongation of the long bone, little is known whether endochondral bone growth indeed determines bone calcium accretion, bone mineral density (BMD), and/or peak bone mass. Since the process ends with cartilaginous matrix calcification, an increase in endochondral bone growth typically leads to more calcium accretion in the primary spongiosa and thus higher BMD. However, in lactating rats with enhanced trabecular bone resorption, bone elongation is inversely correlated with BMD. Although BMD can be increased by factors that enhance endochondral bone growth, the endochondral bone growth itself is unlikely to be an important determinant of peak bone mass since it is strongly determined by genetics. Therefore, endochondral bone growth and bone elongation are associated with calcium accretion only in a particular subregion of the long bone, but do not necessarily predict BMD and peak bone mass.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kannikar Wongdee
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Office of Academic Management, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Nateetip Krishnamra
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| | - Narattaphol Charoenphandhu
- Center of Calcium and Bone Research (COCAB), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI Road, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Nye DJ, Costas JM, Henley JB, Kim JK, Plochocki JH. The chondrogenic response to exercise in the proximal femur of normal and mdx mice. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2010; 11:198. [PMID: 20815903 PMCID: PMC2944215 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-11-198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Submaximal exercise is used in the management of muscular dystrophy. The effects of mechanical stimulation on skeletal development are well understood, although its effects on cartilage growth have yet to be investigated in the dystrophic condition. The objective of this study was to investigate the chondrogenic response to voluntary exercise in dystrophin-deficient mice. Methods Control and dystrophin-deficient (mdx) mice were divided into sedentary and exercise-treated groups and tested for chondral histomorphometric differences at the proximal femur. Results Control mice ran 7 km/week further than mdx mice on average, but this difference was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). However, exercised control mice exhibited significantly enlarged femur head diameter, articular cartilage thickness, articular cartilage tissue area, and area of calcified cartilage relative to sedentary controls and exercised mdx mice (P < 0.05). No differences were found between other treatment groups. Conclusions Mdx mice exhibit a reduced chondrogenic response to increased mechanical stimulation relative to controls. However, no significant reduction in articular dimensions was found, indicating loss of chondral tissue may not be a clinical concern with dystrophinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David J Nye
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Plochocki JH, Ward CV, Smith DE. Evaluation of the chondral modeling theory using fe-simulation and numeric shape optimization. J Anat 2010; 214:768-77. [PMID: 19438771 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2009.01070.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The chondral modeling theory proposes that hydrostatic pressure within articular cartilage regulates joint size, shape, and congruence through regional variations in rates of tissue proliferation. The purpose of this study is to develop a computational model using a nonlinear two-dimensional finite element analysis in conjunction with numeric shape optimization to evaluate the chondral modeling theory. The model employed in this analysis is generated from an MR image of the medial portion of the tibiofemoral joint in a subadult male. Stress-regulated morphological changes are simulated until skeletal maturity and evaluated against the chondral modeling theory. The computed results are found to support the chondral modeling theory. The shape-optimized model exhibits increased joint congruence, broader stress distributions in articular cartilage, and a relative decrease in joint diameter. The results for the computational model correspond well with experimental data and provide valuable insights into the mechanical determinants of joint growth. The model also provides a crucial first step toward developing a comprehensive model that can be employed to test the influence of mechanical variables on joint conformation.
Collapse
|
13
|
Sylvester AD, Organ JM. Curvature Scaling in the Medial Tibial Condyle of Large Bodied Hominoids. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2010; 293:671-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.21126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
14
|
Hammond AS, Ning J, WARD CAROLV, Ravosa MJ. Mammalian Limb Loading and Chondral Modeling During Ontogeny. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2010; 293:658-70. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.21136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
15
|
Isaksson H, Tolvanen V, Finnilä MAJ, Iivarinen J, Tuukkanen J, Seppänen K, Arokoski JPA, Brama PA, Jurvelin JS, Helminen HJ. Physical exercise improves properties of bone and its collagen network in growing and maturing mice. Calcif Tissue Int 2009; 85:247-56. [PMID: 19641838 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-009-9273-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study characterized bone structure, composition, and mechanical properties in growing male mice. The development of the collagen network during maturation was monitored, and the effect of voluntary physical exercise was investigated. We hypothesized that increased bone loading from exercise would increase the amount and improve the properties of the collagen network during growth and maturation. Half of the mice (total n = 168) had access to running wheels, while half were kept sedentary. Weight and running activity were recorded, and groups of mice were killed at 1, 2, 4, and 6 months of age. The collagen network was assessed by biochemical evaluation of collagen content and cross-links and by tensile testing of decalcified bone. Mineralized femur was analyzed with pQCT and three-point-bending and femoral neck-strength tests. After 6 months, the exercising mice had 10% lower body weight than the sedentary group. There was no difference in the amount of collagen or collagen cross-links, while tensile testing had higher breaking force and stiffness of the collagen network in runners after 4 months but not after 6 months. The bone mineral density and cross-sectional area were higher in the running group after 6 months. Runners also showed higher breaking force and stiffness of the diaphysis and the femoral neck at 2 and 6 months. The significant modulation of mechanical properties of the collagen network without any change in collagen content indicates that physical exercise improves properties of the collagen network in maturing bone. The improvement after exercise of the properties of mineralized bone appears to be more pronounced and long-lasting compared to the early improved properties of the collagen network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Isaksson
- Department of Physics, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Eckstein F, Hudelmaier M, Cahue S, Marshall M, Sharma L. Medial-to-lateral ratio of tibiofemoral subchondral bone area is adapted to alignment and mechanical load. Calcif Tissue Int 2009; 84:186-94. [PMID: 19148562 PMCID: PMC2929533 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-008-9208-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 11/06/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Malalignment is known to affect the medial-to-lateral load distribution in the tibiofemoral joint. In this longitudinal study, we test the hypothesis that subchondral bone surface areas functionally adapt to the load distribution in malaligned knees. Alignment (hip-knee-ankle angle) was measured from full limb films in 174 participants with knee osteoarthritis. Coronal magnetic resonance images were acquired at baseline and 26.6 +/- 5.4 months later. The subchondral bone surface area of the weight-bearing tibiofemoral cartilages was segmented, with readers blinded to the order of acquisition. The size of the subchondral bone surface areas was computed after triangulation by proprietary software. The hip-knee-ankle angle showed a significant correlation with the tibial (r (2) = 0.25, P < 0.0001) and femoral (r (2) = 0.07, P < 0.001) ratio of medial-to-lateral subchondral bone surface area. In the tibia, the ratio was significantly different between varus (1.28:1), neutral (1.18:1), and valgus (1.13:1) knees (analysis of variance [ANOVA]; P < 0.00001). Similar observations were made in the weight-bearing femur (0.94:1 in neutral, 0.97.1 in varus, 0.91:1 in valgus knees; ANOVA P = 0.018). The annualized longitudinal increase in subchondral bone surface area was significant (P < 0.05) in the medial tibia (+0.13%), medial femur (+0.26%), and lateral tibia (+0.19%). In the medial femur, the change between baseline and follow-up was significantly different (ANOVA; P = 0.020) between neutral, varus, and valgus knees, with the increase in surface area being significantly greater (P = 0.019) in varus than in neutral knees. Tibiofemoral subchondral bone surface areas are shown to be functionally adapted to the medial-to-lateral load distribution. The longitudinal findings indicate that this adaptational process may continue to take place at advanced age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Eckstein
- Institute of Anatomy and Musculoskeletal Research, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
|
18
|
Drapeau MS. Articular morphology of the proximal ulna in extant and fossil hominoids and hominins. J Hum Evol 2008; 55:86-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2006] [Revised: 11/21/2007] [Accepted: 01/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
19
|
Lazenby RA, Cooper DM, Angus S, Hallgrímsson B. Articular constraint, handedness, and directional asymmetry in the human second metacarpal. J Hum Evol 2008; 54:875-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2007.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2007] [Revised: 11/12/2007] [Accepted: 12/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
20
|
Abstract
Cartilage of articular joints grows and matures to achieve characteristic sizes, forms, and functional properties. Through these processes, the tissue not only serves as a template for bone growth but also yields mature articular cartilage providing joints with a low-friction, wear-resistant bearing material. The study of cartilage growth and maturation is a focus of both cartilage biologists and bioengineers with one goal of trying to create biologic tissue substitutes for the repair of damaged joints. Experimental approaches both in vivo and in vitro are being used to better understand the mechanisms and regulation of growth and maturation processes. This knowledge may facilitate the controlled manipulation of cartilage size, shape, and maturity to meet the criteria needed for successful clinical applications. Mathematical models are also useful tools for quantitatively describing the dynamically changing composition, structure and function of cartilage during growth and maturation and may aid the development of tissue engineering solutions. Recent advances in methods of cartilage formation and culture which control the size, shape, and maturity of these tissues are numerous and provide contrast to the physiologic development of cartilage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Williams
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Shaped cartilage grafts can be used in the restoration of injured joints and the reconstruction of deformities of the head and neck. This study describes a novel method for altering cartilage shape, based on the hypothesis that mechanical loading coupled with in vitro tissue growth and remodeling facilitates tissue reshaping. Static bending deformations were imposed on strips of immature articular cartilage, and retention of the imposed shape and structural and biochemical measures of growth were assessed after 2, 4, and 6 days of incubation. The results show that mechanical reshaping of tissue is feasible, because shape retention was greater than 86% after 6 days of culture. The imposed mechanical deformations had little effect on measures of tissue viability or growth within the 6-day culture period. The addition of cycloheximide to the culture medium only slightly reduced the ability to reshape these tissues, but cycloheximide plus a lower culture temperature of 4 degrees C markedly inhibited the reshaping response. These results suggest a limited role for chondrocyte biosynthesis but a potentially important role for metabolic reactions in the cartilage matrix in the reshaping process. The ability to modulate cartilage shape in vitro may prove useful for tissue engineering of shaped cartilage grafts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M Williams
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li G, Wan L, Kozanek M. Determination of real-time in-vivo cartilage contact deformation in the ankle joint. J Biomech 2007; 41:128-36. [PMID: 17697682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2007.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2006] [Revised: 06/14/2007] [Accepted: 07/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The knowledge of real-time in-vivo cartilage deformation is important for understanding of cartilage function and biomechanical factors that may relate to cartilage degeneration. This study investigated cartilage contact area and peak contact compressive strain of four healthy human ankle joints as a function of time using a combined magnetic resonance (MR) and dual-orthogonal fluoroscopic imaging technique. Each ankle was subjected to a different constant loading (between 700 and 820 N). The cartilage contact deformation was obtained from the first second to 300 s after the load was applied. In all ankle joints studied in this paper, contact strains increased to 24-38% at first 20 s after loading. Beyond 20 s, the change of cartilage contact deformation was relatively small and varied in a rate close to zero beyond 50 s. These data indicated that the cartilage contact areas and contact strain could raise dramatically right after loading and reach a relatively stable condition within 1 min after constant loading. The history of cartilage deformation determined in this study may provide a real-time boundary condition for 3D finite element simulation of in vivo cartilage contact stress in the joint as a function of time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoan Li
- Bioengineering Lab, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|