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Wei X, Ma W, Gu H, Liu D, Luo W, Cao S, Jia S, Huang T, He Y, Bai Y, Wang W, Yuan Z. Intra-amniotic mesenchymal stem cell therapy improves the amniotic fluid microenvironment in rat spina bifida aperta fetuses. Cell Prolif 2022; 56:e13354. [PMID: 36266504 PMCID: PMC9890536 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Spina bifida aperta (SBA) is one of the most common neural tube defects. Neural injury in SBA occurs in two stages involving failed neural tube closure and progressive degeneration through contact with the amniotic fluid. We previously suggested that intra-amniotic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) therapy for fetal rat SBA could achieve beneficial functional recovery through lesion-specific differentiation. The aim of this study is to examine whether the amniotic fluid microenvironment can be improved by intra-amniotic BMSC transplantation. METHODS The intra-amniotic BMSC injection was performed using in vivo rat fetal SBA models. The various cytokine expressions in rat amniotic fluid were screened by protein microassays. Intervention experiments were used to study the function of differentially expressed cytokines. RESULTS A total of 32 cytokines showed significant upregulated expression in the BMSC-injected amniotic fluid. We focused on Activin A, NGF, BDNF, CNTF, and CXCR4. Intervention experiments showed that the upregulated Activin A, NGF, BDNF, and CNTF could inhibit apoptosis and promote synaptic development in fetal spinal cords. Inhibiting the activity of these factors weakened the anti-apoptotic and pro-differentiation effects of transplanted BMSCs. Inhibition of CXCR4 activity reduced the engraftment rate of BMSCs in SBA fetuses. CONCLUSION BMSC transplantation can improve the amniotic fluid environment, and this is beneficial for SBA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Wei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Hui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Luo
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Songying Cao
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Tianchu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yiwen He
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yuzuo Bai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Weilin Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangPeople's Republic of China
| | - Zhengwei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing HospitalChina Medical UniversityShenyangPeople's Republic of China
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Sambu S, Hemaram U, Murugan R, Alsofi AA. Toxicological and Teratogenic Effect of Various Food Additives: An Updated Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6829409. [PMID: 35782077 PMCID: PMC9249520 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6829409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Scientific evidence is mounting that synthetic chemicals used as food additives may have harmful impacts on health. Food additives are chemicals that are added to food to keep it from spoiling, as well as to improve its colour and taste. Some are linked to negative health impacts, while others are healthy and can be ingested with little danger. According to several studies, health issues such as asthma, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), heart difficulties, cancer, obesity, and others are caused by harmful additives and preservatives. Some food additives may interfere with hormones and influences growth and development. It is one of the reasons why so many children are overweight. Children are more likely than adults to be exposed to these types of dietary intakes. Several food additives are used by women during pregnancy and breast feeding that are not fully safe. We must take specific precaution to avoid consuming dangerous compounds before they begin to wreak havoc on our health. This study is intended to understand how the preservatives induce different health problem in the body once it is consumed. This review focuses on some specific food additives such as sodium benzoate, aspartame, tartrazine, carrageenan, and potassium benzoate, as well as vitamin A. Long-term use of food treated with the above-mentioned food preservatives resulted in teratogenicity and other allergens, according to the study. Other health issues can be avoided in the future by using natural food additives derived from plants and other natural sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saseendran Sambu
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Life and Allied Health Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Urmila Hemaram
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Life and Allied Health Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Rajadurai Murugan
- Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Life and Allied Health Sciences, Ramaiah University of Applied Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ahmed A. Alsofi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Aljanad University for Science and Technology, Taiz, Yemen
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Wang J, Kimura E, Mongan M, Xia Y. Genetic Control of MAP3K1 in Eye Development and Sex Differentiation. Cells 2021; 11:cells11010034. [PMID: 35011600 PMCID: PMC8750206 DOI: 10.3390/cells11010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The MAP3K1 is responsible for transmitting signals to activate specific MAP2K-MAPK cascades. Following the initial biochemical characterization, genetic mouse models have taken center stage to elucidate how MAP3K1 regulates biological functions. To that end, mice were generated with the ablation of the entire Map3k1 gene, the kinase domain coding sequences, or ubiquitin ligase domain mutations. Analyses of the mutants identify diverse roles that MAP3K1 plays in embryonic survival, maturation of T/B cells, and development of sensory organs, including eye and ear. Specifically in eye development, Map3k1 loss-of-function was found to be autosomal recessive for congenital eye abnormalities, but became autosomal dominant in combination with Jnk and RhoA mutations. Additionally, Map3k1 mutation increased eye defects with an exposure to environmental agents such as dioxin. Data from eye developmental models reveal the nexus role of MAP3K1 in integrating genetic and environmental signals to control developmental activities. Here, we focus the discussions on recent advances in understanding the signaling mechanisms of MAP3K1 in eye development in mice and in sex differentiation from human genomics findings. The research works featured here lead to a deeper understanding of the in vivo signaling network, the mechanisms of gene-environment interactions, and the relevance of this multifaceted protein kinase in disease etiology and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ying Xia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-513-558-0371
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4
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Dong N, Gu H, Liu D, Wei X, Ma W, Ma L, Liu Y, Wang Y, Jia S, Huang J, Wang C, He X, Huang T, He Y, Zhang Q, An D, Bai Y, Yuan Z. Complement factors and alpha-fetoprotein as biomarkers for noninvasive prenatal diagnosis of neural tube defects. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2020; 1478:75-91. [PMID: 32761624 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Neural tube defects (NTDs) are serious congenital malformations. In this study, we aimed to identify more specific and sensitive maternal serum biomarkers for noninvasive NTD screenings. We collected serum from 37 pregnant women carrying fetuses with NTDs and 38 pregnant women carrying normal fetuses. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation were conducted for differential proteomic analysis, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to validate the results. We then used a support vector machine (SVM) classifier to establish a disease prediction model for NTD diagnosis. We identified 113 differentially expressed proteins; of these, 23 were either up- or downregulated 1.5-fold or more, including five complement proteins (C1QA, C1S, C1R, C9, and C3); C3 and C9 were downregulated significantly in NTD groups. The accuracy rate of the SVM model of the complement factors (including C1QA, C1S, and C3) was 62.5%, with 60% sensitivity and 67% specificity, while the accuracy rate of the SVM model of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP, an established biomarker for NTDs) was 62.5%, with 75% sensitivity and 50% specificity. Combination of the complement factor and AFP data resulted in the SVM model accuracy of 75%, and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed 75% sensitivity and 75% specificity. These data suggest that a disease prediction model based on combined complement factor and AFP data could serve as a more accurate method of noninvasive prenatal NTD diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naixuan Dong
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,School of Sino-Dutch Biomedical & Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Gu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaowei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yusi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanfu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jieting Huang
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xuan He
- School of Sino-Dutch Biomedical & Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianchu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiwen He
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Second Respiratory Department, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dong An
- Pediatric Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yuzuo Bai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhengwei Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Health Ministry for Congenital Malformation, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Shakya N, Shakya P, Mohanty C. Teratogenic effects (resorptions and reduction in weight and crown rump length) of valproate on fetal mice. NATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ANATOMY 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/njca.njca_9_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Mulryan D, McIntyre A, McDonald C, Feeney S, Hallahan B. Awareness and documentation of the teratogenic effects of valproate among women of child-bearing potential. BJPsych Bull 2018; 42:233-237. [PMID: 30109830 PMCID: PMC6465217 DOI: 10.1192/bjb.2018.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims and methodWe aimed to evaluate clinical note documentation of valproate prescribing and establish the level of knowledge among women of child-bearing potential regarding valproate-associated adverse effects, including teratogenesis, in a regional Irish mental health service. RESULTS: Of the 42 women prescribed sodium valproate, 21.4% (n = 9) had some documentation in relation to associated risks and 33.3% (n = 14) described an awareness of these risks from consultation with their treating mental health team. On clinical interview, 9.5% (n = 4) of individuals with clear documentation of the risks of teratogenesis described no such awareness. Augmentation with lithium was associated with greater awareness of the teratogenic risks of valproate (P = 0.011).Clinical implicationsA clear description of the teratogenic risks of valproate and potential management strategies, including advice regarding contraception and supplementation with folic acid, should be clearly documented and provided repeatedly and in context to all women of child-bearing age who are prescribed valproate.Declaration of interestNone.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna McIntyre
- Department of Psychiatry,Roscommon County Hospital,Ireland
| | - Colm McDonald
- Department of Psychiatry,University Hospital Galway,Ireland
| | - Sabina Feeney
- Department of Psychiatry,Roscommon County Hospital,Ireland
| | - Brian Hallahan
- Department of Psychiatry,University Hospital Galway,Ireland
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Hrubec TC, Melin VE, Shea CS, Ferguson EE, Garofola C, Repine CM, Chapman TW, Patel HR, Razvi RM, Sugrue JE, Potineni H, Magnin-Bissel G, Hunt PA. Ambient and Dosed Exposure to Quaternary Ammonium Disinfectants Causes Neural Tube Defects in Rodents. Birth Defects Res 2017; 109:1166-1178. [PMID: 28618200 PMCID: PMC5905424 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background Quaternary ammonium compounds are a large class of chemicals used for their antimicrobial and antistatic properties. Two common quaternary ammonium compounds, alkyldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride (ADBAC) and didecyldimethyl ammonium chloride (DDAC), are combined in common cleaners and disinfectants. Introduction of a cleaner containing ADBAC+DDAC in the vivarium caused neural tube defects (NTDs) in mice and rats. Methods To further evaluate this finding, male and female mice were dosed in the feed at 60 or 120 mg/kg/day, or by oral gavage at 7.5, 15, or 30 mg/kg ADBAC+DDAC. Mice also received ambient exposure to ADBAC+DDAC from the disinfectant used in the mouse room. Embryos were evaluated on gestational day 10 for NTDs, and fetuses were evaluated on gestational day 18 for gross and skeletal malformations. Results We found increased NTDs with exposure to ADBAC+DDAC in both rats and mice. The NTDs persisted for two generations after cessation of exposure. Notably, male exposure alone was sufficient to cause NTDs. Equally significant, ambient exposure from disinfectant use in the vivarium, influenced the levels of NTDs to a greater extent than oral dosing. No gross or significant axial skeletal malformations were observed in late gestation fetuses. Placental abnormalities and late gestation fetal deaths were increased at 120 mg/kg/day, which might explain the lack of malformations observed in late gestation fetuses. Conclusion These results demonstrate that ADBAC+DDAC in combination are teratogenic to rodents. Given the increased use of these disinfectants, further evaluation of their safety in humans and their contribution to health and disease is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry C Hrubec
- E. Via College of Osteopathic Medicine - Virginia Campus, Blacksburg, Virginia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Vanessa E Melin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Caroline S Shea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Elizabeth E Ferguson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Craig Garofola
- E. Via College of Osteopathic Medicine - Virginia Campus, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Claire M Repine
- E. Via College of Osteopathic Medicine - Virginia Campus, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Tyler W Chapman
- E. Via College of Osteopathic Medicine - Virginia Campus, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Hiral R Patel
- E. Via College of Osteopathic Medicine - Virginia Campus, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Reza M Razvi
- E. Via College of Osteopathic Medicine - Virginia Campus, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Jesse E Sugrue
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Haritha Potineni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Geraldine Magnin-Bissel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, VA-MD College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Patricia A Hunt
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
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Denny KJ, Jeanes A, Fathe K, Finnell RH, Taylor SM, Woodruff TM. Neural tube defects, folate, and immune modulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 97:602-609. [PMID: 24078477 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 07/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Periconceptional supplementation with folic acid has led to a significant worldwide reduction in the incidence of neural tube defects (NTDs). However, despite increasing awareness of the benefits of folic acid supplementation and the implementation of food fortification programs in many countries, NTDs continue to be a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Furthermore, there exists a significant subgroup of women who appear to be resistant to the protective effects of folic acid supplementation. The following review addresses emerging clinical and experimental evidence for a role of the immune system in the etiopathogenesis of NTDs, with the aim of developing novel preventative strategies to further reduce the incidence of NTD-affected pregnancies. In particular, recent studies demonstrating novel roles and interactions between innate immune factors such as the complement cascade, neurulation, and folate metabolism are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerina J Denny
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.,Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Herston, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Angela Jeanes
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kristin Fathe
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | - Richard H Finnell
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | - Stephen M Taylor
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Trent M Woodruff
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
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Afshar M, Moallem SA, Khayatzadeh J, Shahsavan M. Teratogenic effects of long term consumption of potassium benzoate on eye development in BALB/c fetal mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2013; 16:593-8. [PMID: 24250934 PMCID: PMC3830752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) Potassium benzoate (PB) is used as a substitute preservative for sodium benzoate primarily in dietetic foods where the sodium content is minimized. There are few reports about the teratogenic effects of PB. The purpose of this study is to investigate the teratogenic effects of PB on eye development in balb/c mice fetuses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty female mice were divided to two experimental and one control groups (N=10/grp). Experimental groups I and II received daily intraperitoneal (IP) injections of 280 and 560 mg/kg of PB, respectively; while the control group received normal saline. Injections were done for 10 days before mating and from gestation days (GD) 6 through 15. Dams were Caesarean sectioned on GD 18. Eye development was externally examined. After measuring weight and crown-rump length of the fetuses, the tissue sections of the eyes were prepared and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Histopathologic and morphologic changes were recorded. The data was analyzed by ANOVA and Mann Whitney statistical tests using SPSS (version 15). RESULTS Fetuses with eye malformations observed in both experimental groups of I and II. The incidence of these malformations was significantly increased in fetuses of experimental group II as compared with the control group (P<0.05). Histopathological evaluations of the malformed eyes showed deformed lens, retinal folds with undeveloped layers associated with hemorrhage. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that PB can induce teratogenic effects on the eye development of mice fetuses. Therefore, more concise studies are needed regarding its specific and general effects conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Afshar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran, Medical Toxicology Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Adel Moallem
- Medical Toxicology Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, school of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jina Khayatzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Shahsavan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding author: Marziyeh Shahsavan, Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran. Tel: +98-0511-8787234; E-mail:
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Afshar M, Moallem SA, Khayatzadeh J, Shahsavan M. Teratogenic effects of long term consumption of potassium benzoate on eye development in BALB/c fetal mice. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2013; 16:584-9. [PMID: 24250932 PMCID: PMC3821876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE(S) Potassium benzoate (PB) is used as a substitute preservative for sodium benzoate primarily in dietetic foods where the sodium content is minimized. There are few reports about the teratogenic effects of PB. The purpose of this study is to investigate the teratogenic effects of PB on eye development in balb/c mice fetuses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty female mice were divided to two experimental and one control groups (N=10/grp). Experimental groups I and II received daily intraperitoneal (IP) injections of 280 and 560 mg/kg of PB, respectively; while the control group received normal saline. Injections were done for 10 days before mating and from gestation days (GD) 6 through 15. Dams were Caesarean sectioned on GD 18. Eye development was externally examined. After measuring weight and crown-rump length of the fetuses, the tissue sections of the eyes were prepared and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Histopathologic and morphologic changes were recorded. The data was analyzed by ANOVA and Mann Whitney statistical tests using SPSS (version 15). RESULTS Fetuses with eye malformations observed in both experimental groups of I and II. The incidence of these malformations was significantly increased in fetuses of experimental group II as compared with the control group (P<0.05). Histopathological evaluations of the malformed eyes showed deformed lens, retinal folds with undeveloped layers associated with hemorrhage. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that PB can induce teratogenic effects on the eye development of mice fetuses. Therefore, more concise studies are needed regarding its specific and general effects conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Afshar
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran, Medical Toxicology Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Adel Moallem
- Medical Toxicology Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran,Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, school of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran, Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Jina Khayatzadeh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marziyeh Shahsavan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran,Corresponding author: Marziyeh Shahsavan, Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran. Tel: +98-0511-8787234; E-mail:
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Autism-like behaviours with transient histone hyperacetylation in mice treated prenatally with valproic acid. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2013; 16:91-103. [PMID: 22093185 DOI: 10.1017/s1461145711001714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal use of valproic acid (VPA) during pregnancy has been implicated in the aetiology of autism spectrum disorders in children, and rodents prenatally exposed to VPA showed behavioural alterations similar to those observed in humans with autism. However, the exact mechanism for VPA-induced behavioural alterations is not known. To study this point, we examined the effects of prenatal exposure to VPA and valpromide, a VPA analog lacking histone deacetylase inhibition activity, on behaviours, cortical pathology and histone acetylation levels in mice. Mice exposed to VPA at embryonic day 12.5 (E12.5), but not at E9 and E14.5, displayed social interaction deficits, anxiety-like behaviour and memory deficits at age 4-8 wk. In contrast to male mice, the social interaction deficits (a decrease in sniffing behaviour) were not observed in female mice at age 8 wk. The exposure to VPA at E12.5 decreased the number of Nissl-positive cells in the middle and lower layers of the prefrontal cortex and in the lower layers of the somatosensory cortex at age 8 wk. Furthermore, VPA exposure caused a transient increase in acetylated histone levels in the embryonic brain, followed by an increase in apoptotic cell death in the neocortex and a decrease in cell proliferation in the ganglionic eminence. In contrast, prenatal exposure to valpromide at E12.5 did not affect the behavioural, biochemical and histological parameters. Furthermore, these findings suggest that VPA-induced histone hyperacetylation plays a key role in cortical pathology and abnormal autism-like behaviours in mice.
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Escalona-Cardoso GN, Paniagua-Castro N, Pérez-Pastén R, Chamorro-Cevallos G. Spirulina (arthrospira) protects against valproic acid-induced neural tube defects in mice. J Med Food 2012; 15:1103-8. [PMID: 23134463 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2012.0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Valproic acid (VPA) is a potent inducer of neural tube defects in human and mouse, its teratogenicity is associated with its potential to generation of free radicals and increase oxidative stress. Furthermore, spirulina (SP) has shown pharmacological properties against teratogenicity, which are attributed to its antioxidant potential. Accordingly, the present study was performed to investigate the influence of SP on the teratogenicity of VPA in imprinting control region mice and the possible mechanisms of action. VPA (sodium valproate) was administered intraperitoneally to mice on gestation day (GD) 8 at a dose of 600 mg/kg. SP was given orally at 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg daily from GD0 through GD18. The most common finding in fetuses with VPA exposure was exencephaly. SP decreased the incidence of this and other malformations and increased levels of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. In conclusion, these results illustrate the protective action of SP through its antioxidant activity against VPA-induced teratogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo N Escalona-Cardoso
- Department of Physiology, National School of Biological Sciences, National Polytechnic Institute, Mexico City, Distrito Federal, Mexico
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Zhao J, Guan T, Wang J, Xiang Q, Wang M, Wang X, Guan Z, Xie Q, Niu B, Zhang T. Influence of the antifolate drug Methotrexate on the development of murine neural tube defects and genomic instability. J Appl Toxicol 2012; 33:915-23. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.2769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan; 030001; China
| | - Tao Guan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Shanxi Medical University; Taiyuan; 030001; China
| | - Jianhua Wang
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics; Beijing; 100020; China
| | - Qian Xiang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing; 100730; China
| | - Mingsheng Wang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing; 100730; China
| | - Xiuwei Wang
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics; Beijing; 100020; China
| | - Zhen Guan
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics; Beijing; 100020; China
| | - Qiu Xie
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics; Beijing; 100020; China
| | - Bo Niu
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics; Beijing; 100020; China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Capital Institute of Pediatrics; Beijing; 100020; China
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Mallela M, Hrubec T. Reduction in valproic acid-induced neural tube defects by maternal immune stimulation: role of apoptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 95:296-303. [PMID: 22767483 DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.21018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Teratogenic deregulation of apoptosis during development is a possible mechanism for birth defects. Administration of valproic acid (VA) during first trimester of pregnancy causes neural tube defects (NTDs). Nonspecific stimulation of the mother's immune system has been shown to reduce various teratogen-induced fetal malformations including NTDs in rodents. This present study investigated the role of reduced apoptosis by maternal immune stimulation in prevention of VA-induced NTDs in CD-1 mice. Prevention of VA-induced NTDs by nonspecific maternal immune stimulation using IFNγ was employed to evaluate the role of reduced apoptosis by IFNγ in this protective mechanism. Apoptosis was quantified using flow cytometry. Terminal Transferase dUTP Nick End Labeling assay was used to localize the apoptosis. Increased apoptosis, suggesting involvement in VA teratogenicity, was observed along the neural tube in both normal and abnormal embryos from VA-exposed dams. Increased apoptosis in normal VA-exposed embryos suggests that VA may alter other cellular processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation in addition to apoptosis. Apoptotic levels in embryos with closed neural tubes from IFNγ + VA dams were similar to controls indicating resistance to VA-induced apoptosis and protection against teratogenicity of VA. In IFNγ + VA exposed embryos with open neural tubes, maternal immune stimulation failed to regulate apoptosis resulting in an NTD. Overall, these results suggest that VA alters several biological processes including apoptosis in the developing embryos to induce fetal malformations. Resistance to VA-induced apoptosis in embryos resulting from maternal immune stimulation may be involved in protective mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mural Mallela
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA.
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Hrubec TC, Toops KA, Holladay SD. Modulation of diabetes-induced palate defects by maternal immune stimulation. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2009; 292:271-6. [PMID: 19089897 DOI: 10.1002/ar.20836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Maternal diabetes can induce a number of developmental abnormalities in both laboratory animals and humans, including deformities of the face and palate. The incidence of birth defects in newborns of women with diabetes is approximately 3 to 5 times higher than among nondiabetics. In mice, nonspecific activation of the maternal immune system can reduce fetal abnormalities caused by various etiologies including hyperglycemia. This study was conducted to determine whether nonspecific maternal immune stimulation could reduce diabetes-induced palate defects and orofacial clefts. Female ICR mice were immune stimulated before induction of hyperglycemia with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), or interferon-gamma (IFNgamma). Streptozocin was used to induce hyperglycemia (26-35 mmol blood glucose) in females before breeding. Fetuses from 12 to 18 litters per treatment group were collected on Day 17 of gestation. Palate width and length were measured, and the incidence of orofacial clefts was determined. Palate length and width were both decreased by maternal hyperglycemia. Maternal immune stimulation with GM-CSF or FCA limited the degree of palate shortening from the hyperglycemia. Each of the three immune stimulants attenuated significant narrowing of the palate. Rates of orofacial clefts were not significantly different between treatment groups. Palatogenesis is a complex process driven by cellular signals, which regulate cell growth and apoptosis. Dysregulation of cellular signals by maternal hyperglycemia can result in fetal malformations. Maternal immune stimulation may prevent dysregulation of these signaling pathways thus reducing fetal malformations and normalizing palate growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry C Hrubec
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, E. Via Virginia College of Osteopathic Medicine, 2265 Kraft Drive, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA.
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Claudio Gutierrez J, Prater MR, Hrubec TC, Smith BJ, Freeman LE, Holladay SD. Heart changes in 17-day-old fetuses of diabetic ICR (Institute of Cancer Research) mothers: improvement with maternal immune stimulation. Congenit Anom (Kyoto) 2009; 49:1-7. [PMID: 19243410 DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-4520.2008.00213.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Maternal diabetes mellitus is associated with increased fetal teratogenesis, including cardiovascular defects. Non-specific maternal immune stimulation with Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) or interferon gamma (IFNgamma) has been associated with protection against birth malformations. Using a diabetic mouse model, late-gestation fetal heart and great vessel morphology were analyzed. Four groups of mice were used: non-diabetic females as a control group, hyperglycemic females induced by streptozotocin as a diabetic group, and diabetic females injected either with FCA or IFNgamma. At day 17 of gestation, females were euthanized and one fetus was arbitrarily selected per litter for fixation and sectioning. Treatment-induced changes in cardiac development were assessed from digital images of serial sections taken at standardized levels in the thorax. One-way parametric and non-parametric ANOVA and ordinal logistic regression were performed to compare the difference among groups (P<0.05). Maternal hyperglycemia altered morphology of the late-gestation fetal mouse heart by causing ventricular chamber dilation, sectional myocardial reduction, and an increase in transversal aortic area. FCA protected the fetal heart from cavitary dilation in diabetic mothers. FCA and IFNgamma protected the fetal heart against reduction of myocardial area, and ascending thoracic aorta dilation. Consequences of late gestation heart chamber dilation and myocardial reduction are not yet known. Maternal immune stimulation partially protected against these developmental defects by mechanisms that remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Claudio Gutierrez
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA.
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Jonakait GM. The effects of maternal inflammation on neuronal development: possible mechanisms. Int J Dev Neurosci 2007; 25:415-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2007.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2007] [Accepted: 08/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- G. Miller Jonakait
- Department of Biological SciencesNew Jersey Institute of Technology195 University AvenueNewarkNJ07102United States
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