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Kryukova NA, Yanshole LV, Zelentsova EA, Tsentalovich YP, Chertkova EA, Alekseev AA, Glupov VV. The venom of Habrobracon hebetor induces alterations in host metabolism. J Exp Biol 2024; 227:jeb247694. [PMID: 39253831 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.247694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
The ability of parasitic wasps to manipulate a host's metabolism is under active investigation. Components of venom play a major role in this process. In the present work, we studied the effect of the venom of the ectoparasitic wasp Habrobracon hebetor on the metabolism of the greater wax moth host (Galleria mellonella). We identified and quantified 45 metabolites in the lymph (cell-free hemolymph) of wax moth larvae on the second day after H. hebetor venom injection, using NMR spectroscopy and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. These metabolites included 22 amino acids, nine products of lipid metabolism (sugars, amines and alcohols) and four metabolic intermediates related to nitrogenous bases, nucleotides and nucleosides. An analysis of the larvae metabolome suggested that the venom causes suppression of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, an increase in the number of free amino acids in the lymph, an increase in the concentration of trehalose in the lymph simultaneously with a decrease in the amount of glucose, and destructive processes in the fat body tissue. Thus, this parasitoid venom not only immobilizes the prey but also modulates its metabolism, thereby providing optimal conditions for the development of larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Kryukova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Frunze Str. 11, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia
| | - Lyudmila V Yanshole
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolomics, International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya Str. 3a, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Zelentsova
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolomics, International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya Str. 3a, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Yuri P Tsentalovich
- Laboratory of Proteomics and Metabolomics, International Tomography Center SB RAS, Institutskaya Str. 3a, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Chertkova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Frunze Str. 11, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia
| | - Alexander A Alekseev
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Frunze Str. 11, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia
- Voevodsky Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Institutskaya Str. 3, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Victor V Glupov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SB RAS, Frunze Str. 11, Novosibirsk 630091, Russia
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Yu K, Chen J, Bai X, Xiong S, Ye X, Yang Y, Yao H, Wang F, Fang Q, Song Q, Ye G. Multi-Omic Identification of Venom Proteins Collected from Artificial Hosts of a Parasitoid Wasp. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:377. [PMID: 37368678 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15060377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Habrobracon hebetor is a parasitoid wasp capable of infesting many lepidopteran larvae. It uses venom proteins to immobilize host larvae and prevent host larval development, thus playing an important role in the biocontrol of lepidopteran pests. To identify and characterize its venom proteins, we developed a novel venom collection method using an artificial host (ACV), i.e., encapsulated amino acid solution in paraffin membrane, allowing parasitoid wasps to inject venom. We performed protein full mass spectrometry analysis of putative venom proteins collected from ACV and venom reservoirs (VRs) (control). To verify the accuracy of proteomic data, we also collected venom glands (VGs), Dufour's glands (DGs) and ovaries (OVs), and performed transcriptome analysis. In this paper, we identified 204 proteins in ACV via proteomic analysis; compared ACV putative venom proteins with those identified in VG, VR, and DG via proteome and transcriptome approaches; and verified a set of them using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Finally, 201 ACV proteins were identified as potential venom proteins. In addition, we screened 152 and 148 putative venom proteins identified in the VG transcriptome and the VR proteome against those in ACV, and found only 26 and 25 putative venom proteins, respectively, were overlapped with those in ACV. Altogether, our data suggest proteome analysis of ACV in combination with proteome-transcriptome analysis of other organs/tissues will provide the most comprehensive identification of true venom proteins in parasitoid wasps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaili Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xue Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shijiao Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xinhai Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongwei Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qi Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qisheng Song
- Division of Plant Science and Technology, College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Gongyin Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Ministry of Agricultural and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects of Zhejiang Province, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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3
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Pinto CPG, Walker AA, Robinson SD, King GF, Rossi GD. Proteotranscriptomics reveals the secretory dynamics of teratocytes, regulators of parasitization by an endoparasitoid wasp. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 139:104395. [PMID: 35413336 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2022.104395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Parasitoid wasps have evolved sophisticated mechanisms of host regulation that establish a favorable environment for the development of immature parasitoids. While maternal venom and symbiotic virus-like particles are well-known mechanisms of host regulation, another less-studied mechanism is the secretion of host regulation factors by cells called teratocytes, extra-embryonic cells released during parasitoid larval eclosion. Consequently, identification and characterization of teratocyte secretory products has not been reported in detail for any parasitoid wasp. We aimed to analyze teratocyte secretory products released into hemolymph of the larval sugarcane borer Diatraea saccharalis (Fabricius, 1794) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) by its biological control agent, the koinobiont endoparasitoid wasp Cotesia flavipes Cameron, 1891 (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Teratocytes were released upon eclosion of parasitoid larvae four days after parasitization (DAP) and increased in number and size until six DAP. Total D. saccharalis hemocyte viability was reduced immediately after parasitization until DAP 2, while total hemocyte count was lower from the third DAP, and phenoloxidase and lysozyme activity were disrupted compared to non-parasitized controls. To examine the secretory products of teratocytes, we generated a teratocyte transcriptome and compared its in silico translated open reading frames to mass spectra obtained from hemolymph from parasitized and unparasitized hosts. This led to the identification of 57 polypeptides secreted by teratocytes, the abundance of which we tracked over 0-10 DAP. Abundant teratocyte products included proteins similar to bracovirus proteins and multiple disulfide-rich peptides. Most teratocyte products accumulated in hemolymph, reaching their highest concentrations immediately before parasitoid pupation. Our results provide insights into host regulation by teratocytes and reveal molecules that may be useful in biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro P G Pinto
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Andrew A Walker
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Samuel D Robinson
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Glenn F King
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Guilherme D Rossi
- School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil.
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Quicke DLJ, Butcher BA. Review of Venoms of Non-Polydnavirus Carrying Ichneumonoid Wasps. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:50. [PMID: 33445639 PMCID: PMC7828074 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Parasitoids are predominantly insects that develop as larvae on or inside their host, also usually another insect, ultimately killing it after various periods of parasitism when both parasitoid larva and host are alive. The very large wasp superfamily Ichneumonoidea is composed of parasitoids of other insects and comprises a minimum of 100,000 species. The superfamily is dominated by two similarly sized families, Braconidae and Ichneumonidae, which are collectively divided into approximately 80 subfamilies. Of these, six have been shown to release DNA-containing virus-like particles, encoded within the wasp genome, classified in the virus family Polydnaviridae. Polydnaviruses infect and have profound effects on host physiology in conjunction with various venom and ovarial secretions, and have attracted an immense amount of research interest. Physiological interactions between the remaining ichneumonoids and their hosts result from adult venom gland secretions and in some cases, ovarian or larval secretions. Here we review the literature on the relatively few studies on the effects and chemistry of these ichneumonoid venoms and make suggestions for interesting future research areas. In particular, we highlight relatively or potentially easily culturable systems with features largely lacking in currently studied systems and whose study may lead to new insights into the roles of venom chemistry in host-parasitoid relationships as well as their evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald L. J. Quicke
- Integrative Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan 10330, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Entomology, Bee Biology, Diversity of Insects and Mites, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan 10330, Thailand
| | - Buntika A. Butcher
- Integrative Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan 10330, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Entomology, Bee Biology, Diversity of Insects and Mites, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Pathumwan 10330, Thailand
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Kryukova NA, Mozhaytseva KA, Rotskaya UN, Glupov VV. Galleria mellonella larvae fat body disruption (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) caused by the venom of Habrobracon brevicornis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 106:e21746. [PMID: 33026670 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The ability of Habrobracon brevicornis venom to elevate the nutritional suitability of a host by affecting the host larvae fat body condition was studied. To understand whether H. brevicornis crude venom impacts the host biochemical profile, the concentrations of total lipids and main sugars in the host larvae lymph were analyzed. All measurements were carried out during the first 3 days after envenomation. A significant increase in the lipid level was fixed only on the second day after envenomation. A significant increase in the total trehalose count was detected during all 3 days, while a significant increase in glucose concentration was noted only on the first day. Well-observed disruptions were fixed in thin and semithin sections of the G. mellonella larval fat body starting from the second day after envenomation. Significant increases in both phospholipase A2 and C enzyme activity as well as acid proteases were detected in the wax moth fat body after envenomation during all experimental times. At the same time, imbalances in the antioxidant system, including changes in the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidases, catalase, and glutathione-S-transferase, were detected. The reliable increase in the expression of the gene encoding Hsp70 was fixed both for 24 and 48 h after envenomation, while a reliable increase in the expression of the gene encoding inhibitor of apoptosis protein was detected only 24 h after wax moth larvae envenomation. Considering the absence of DNA fragmentation, the imbalance in the "ROS/antioxidants" system, and the increased activity of phospholipases and acid proteases in the fat body cells from envenomated wax moth larvae, we can hypothesize that the fat body disruption occurs in a necrotic manner. The results of the work expand the knowledge about the biochemical aspects of interaction between ectoparasitoids and their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Kryukova
- Laboratory of Insect Pathology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ksenia A Mozhaytseva
- Laboratory of Insect Pathology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Ulyana N Rotskaya
- Laboratory of Insect Pathology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Viktor V Glupov
- Laboratory of Insect Pathology, Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Shaik HA, Mishra A, Sehadová H, Kodrík D. Responses of sericotropin to toxic and pathogenic challenges: possible role in defense of the wax moth Galleria mellonella. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2020; 227:108633. [PMID: 31644954 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study describes defense functions of the insect neuropeptide sericotropin, which is recognized as an agent that stimulates silk production in some lepidopteran larvae. Sericotropin, expressed in brain tissue of the wax moth Galleria mellonella in all developmental stages, is not expressed in silk glands, indicating its tissue specificity. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed the presence of sericotropin in the brain-subesophageal complex being predominantly and densely distributed under the plasmatic membrane and in axonal parts of neurons. Injection of venom from Habrobracon hebetor and topical application of the entomopathogenic nematode (EPN) Steinernema carpocapsae with symbiotic bacteria Xenorhabdus spp. into or onto G. mellonella larvae resulted in upregulation of the sericotropin gene and peptide, suggesting a role for sericotropin in defense and immunity. Accordingly, two synthetic fragments of sericotropin killed entomotoxic Xenorhabdus spp. bacteria in a disc diffusion antimicrobial test. Further, total metabolism, monitored by carbon dioxide production, significantly decreased after application of either venom or EPN, probably because of muscle impairment by the venom and serious cell damage caused by EPN, especially in the midgut. Both venom and EPN upregulated expression of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides gallerimycin and galiomicin in Galleria brain; however, they downregulated prophenoloxidase and phenoloxidase activity in hemolymph. These results suggest that sericotropin is a multifunctional peptide that plays an important role in G. mellonella defense and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haq Abdul Shaik
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Archana Mishra
- Institute of Molecular Biology of Plants, Biology Centre, CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Hana Sehadová
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Kodrík
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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Polenogova OV, Kabilov MR, Tyurin MV, Rotskaya UN, Krivopalov AV, Morozova VV, Mozhaitseva K, Kryukova NA, Alikina T, Kryukov VY, Glupov VV. Parasitoid envenomation alters the Galleria mellonella midgut microbiota and immunity, thereby promoting fungal infection. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4012. [PMID: 30850650 PMCID: PMC6408550 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40301-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Gut bacteria influence the development of different pathologies caused by bacteria, fungi and parasitoids in insects. Wax moth larvae became more susceptible to fungal infections after envenomation by the ectoparasitoid Habrobracon hebetor. In addition, spontaneous bacterioses occurred more often in envenomated larvae. We analyzed alterations in the midgut microbiota and immunity of the wax moth in response to H. hebetor envenomation and topical fungal infection (Beauveria bassiana) alone or in combination using 16S rRNA sequencing, an analysis of cultivable bacteria and a qPCR analysis of immunity- and stress-related genes. Envenomation led to a predominance shift from enterococci to enterobacteria, an increase in CFUs and the upregulation of AMPs in wax moth midguts. Furthermore, mycosis nonsignificantly increased the abundance of enterobacteria and the expression of AMPs in the midgut. Combined treatment led to a significant increase in the abundance of Serratia and a greater upregulation of gloverin. The oral administration of predominant bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Enterobacter sp. and Serratia marcescens) to wax moth larvae synergistically increased fungal susceptibility. Thus, the activation of midgut immunity might prevent the bacterial decomposition of envenomated larvae, thus permitting the development of fungal infections. Moreover, changes in the midgut bacterial community may promote fungal killing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga V Polenogova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia
| | - Marsel R Kabilov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Maksim V Tyurin
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia
| | - Ulyana N Rotskaya
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia
| | - Anton V Krivopalov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia
| | - Vera V Morozova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Kseniya Mozhaitseva
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia
| | - Nataliya A Kryukova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia
| | - Tatyana Alikina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Vadim Yu Kryukov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia.
| | - Viktor V Glupov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia
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Kryukov VY, Kryukova NA, Tyurin MV, Yaroslavtseva ON, Glupov VV. Passive vectoring of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana among the wax moth Galleria mellonella larvae by the ectoparasitoid Habrobracon hebetor females. INSECT SCIENCE 2018; 25:643-654. [PMID: 28296161 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Females of the ectoparasitoid Habrobracon hebetor attack and envenomate numerous host individuals during oviposition. The vectoring of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana during the adhesion stage by ectoparasitoid females among the wax moth larvae Galleria mellonella was explored under laboratory conditions. Vectoring occurred both from infected parasitoids to wax moth larvae and from infected to healthy wax moth larvae by parasitoids. The efficacy of vectoring in both cases was dose dependent. Parasitoid females were unable to recognize infected larvae in a labyrinth test. In addition, the presence of H. hebetor females significantly (1.5-13 fold) increased the mycoses level in clusters of G. mellonella, with 40% of the larvae infected with fungal conidia. Envenomation by H. hebetor increased conidia germination on the cuticles of the wax moth larvae by 4.4 fold. An enhanced germination rate (2 fold) was registered in the n-hexane epicuticular extract of envenomated larvae compared to that of healthy larvae. Both envenomation and mycoses enhanced the phenoloxidase (PO) activity in the integument of G. mellonella and, in contrast, decreased the encapsulation rate in hemolymphs. We hypothesize that changes in the integument property and inhibition of cellular immunity provide the highest infection efficacy of entomopathogenic fungi with H. hebetor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Yu Kryukov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Natalia A Kryukova
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Maksim V Tyurin
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga N Yaroslavtseva
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Viktor V Glupov
- Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Science, Novosibirsk, Russia
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Su W, Rong J, Zha S, Yan M, Fang J, Liu G. Ocean Acidification Affects the Cytoskeleton, Lysozymes, and Nitric Oxide of Hemocytes: A Possible Explanation for the Hampered Phagocytosis in Blood Clams, Tegillarca granosa. Front Physiol 2018; 9:619. [PMID: 29875703 PMCID: PMC5974108 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
An enormous amount of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) has been dissolved into the ocean, leading to a lower pH and changes in the chemical properties of seawater, which has been termed ocean acidification (OA). The impacts of pCO2-driven acidification on immunity have been revealed recently in various marine organisms. However, the mechanism causing the reduction in phagocytosis still remains unclear. Therefore, the impacts of pCO2-driven OA at present and near-future levels (pH values of 8.1, 7.8, and 7.4) on the rate of phagocytosis, the abundance of cytoskeleton components, the levels of nitric oxide (NO), and the concentration and activity of lysozymes (LZM) of hemocytes were investigated in a commercial bivalve species, the blood clam (Tegillarca granosa). In addition, the effects of OA on the expression of genes regulating actin skeleton and nitric oxide synthesis 2 (NOS2) were also analyzed. The results obtained showed that the phagocytic rate, cytoskeleton component abundance, concentration and activity of LZM of hemocytes were all significantly reduced after a 2-week exposure to the future OA scenario of a pH of 7.4. On the contrary, a remarkable increase in the concentration of NO compared to that of the control was detected in clams exposed to OA. Furthermore, the expression of genes regulating the actin cytoskeleton and NOS were significantly up-regulated after OA exposure. Though the mechanism causing phagocytosis seemed to be complicated based on the results obtained in the present study and those reported previously, our results suggested that OA may reduce the phagocytosis of hemocytes by (1) decreasing the abundance of cytoskeleton components and therefore hampering the cytoskeleton-mediated process of engulfment, (2) reducing the concentration and activity of LZM and therefore constraining the degradation of the engulfed pathogen through an oxygen-independent pathway, and (3) inducing the production of NO, which may negatively regulate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Su
- Agriculture-Environment-Biology Group, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiahuan Rong
- Agriculture-Environment-Biology Group, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanjie Zha
- Agriculture-Environment-Biology Group, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Maocang Yan
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jun Fang
- Zhejiang Mariculture Research Institute, Wenzhou, China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- Agriculture-Environment-Biology Group, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Kryukov VY, Tyurin MV, Tomilova OG, Yaroslavtseva ON, Kryukova NA, Duisembekov BA, Tokarev YS, Glupov VV. Immunosuppression of insects by the venom of Habrobracon hebetor increases the sensitivity of bait method for the isolation of entomopathogenic fungi from soils. BIOL BULL+ 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359017030050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Shaik HA, Mishra A, Kodrík D. Beneficial effect of adipokinetic hormone on neuromuscular paralysis in insect body elicited by braconid wasp venom. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 196:11-18. [PMID: 28257925 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The effect of Habrobracon hebetor venom and the role of the adipokinetic hormone (AKH) in poisoned adult females of the firebug Pyrrhocoris apterus were studied 24 and 48h after treatments. Venom application elicited total neuromuscular paralysis in firebugs, but the co-application of venom and Pyrap-AKH significantly reduced paralysis (up to 3.2 times) compared to the application of venom only. Although the mechanisms of their action are unknown, both agents might affect neuromuscular junctions. Venom application significantly increased the expression of both P. apterus Akh genes (Pyrap-Akh 5.4 times and Peram-Cah-II 3.6 times), as well as the level of AKHs in the central nervous system (2.5 times) and haemolymph (3.0 times). In the haemolymph, increased AKH levels might have led to the mobilization of stored lipids, which increased 1.9 times, while the level of free carbohydrates remained unchanged. Total metabolism, monitored by carbon dioxide production, significantly declined in paralysed P. apterus individuals (1.4 times and 1.9 times, 24 and 48h after the treatment, respectively), probably because of a malfunction of the muscular system. The results suggest an active role of AKH in the defence mechanism against the stress elicited by neuromuscular paralysis, and the possible involvement of this hormone in neuronal/neuromuscular signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haq Abdul Shaik
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Archana Mishra
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Dalibor Kodrík
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, CAS, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 31, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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Glupov VV, Kryukova NA. Physiological and biochemical aspects of interactions between insect parasitoids and their hosts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s0013873816050018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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