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Zhang G, Meng L, Chen R, Wang W, Jing X, Zhu-Salzman K, Cheng W. Characterization of three glutathione S-transferases potentially associated with adaptation of the wheat blossom midge Sitodiplosis mosellana to host plant defense. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:885-895. [PMID: 37814473 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Insect glutathione S-transferases (GSTs), a multifunctional protein family, play a crucial role in detoxification of plant defensive compounds. However, they have been rarely investigated in Sitodiplosis mosellana, a destructive pest of wheat worldwide. In this study, we characterized for the first time a delta (SmGSTd1) and two epsilon GST genes (SmGSTe1 and SmGSTe2) and analyzed their expression patterns and functions associated with adaptation to host plant defense in this species. RESULTS Expression of these SmGST genes greatly increased in S. mosellana larvae feeding on resistant wheat varieties Kenong1006, Shanmai139 and Jinmai47 which contain higher tannin and ferulic acid, the major defensive compounds of wheat against this pest, compared with those feeding on susceptible varieties Xinong822, Xinong88 and Xiaoyan22. Their expression was also tissue-specific, most predominant in larval midgut. Recombinant SmGSTs expressed in Escherichia coli could catalyze the conjugation of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, with activity peak at pH around 7.0 and temperature between 30 and 40 °C. Notably, they could metabolize tannin and ferulic acid, with the strongest metabolic ability by SmGSTe2 against two compounds, followed by SmGSTd1 on tannin, and SmGSTe1 on ferulic acid. CONCLUSION The results suggest that these SmGSTs are important in metabolizing wheat defensive chemicals during feeding, which may be related to host plant adaptation of S. mosellana. Our study has provided information for future investigation and development of strategies such as host-induced gene silencing of insect-detoxifying genes for managing pest adaptation. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Linqin Meng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Rui Chen
- Yantai City Research Centre for Rural Development of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Yantai, China
| | - Wen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiangfeng Jing
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Keyan Zhu-Salzman
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Weining Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of Ministry of Education, College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Xiao T, Yang Z, Wang W, Deng M, Peng H, Huang Z, Liu J, Lu K. Role of the epsilon glutathione S-transferases in xanthotoxin tolerance in Spodoptera litura. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 196:105592. [PMID: 37945225 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Spodoptera litura, a polyphagous lepidopteran pest, demonstrates a remarkable capacity to adapt to varying host plants by efficiently detoxifying phytochemicals. However, the underlying mechanism for this adaptation is not well understood. Herein, twenty eplison glutathione S-transferase genes (GSTes) were characterized and their roles in phytochemical tolerance were analyzed in S. litura. Most of the GSTe genes were mainly expressed in the larval midgut and fat body. Exposure to the phytochemicals, especially xanthotoxin, induced the expression of most GSTe genes. Molecular docking analysis revealed that xanthotoxin could form stable bonds with six xanthotoxin-responsive GSTes, with binding free energies ranging from -36.44 to -68.83 kcal mol-1. Knockdown of these six GSTe genes increased the larval susceptibility to xanthotoxin. Furthermore, xanthotoxin exposure significantly upregulated the expression of two transcription factor genes CncC and MafK. Silencing of either CncC or MafK reduced the expression of GSTe16, which exhibited the largest change in response to xanthotoxin. Additionally, analysis of the promoter sequence of GSTe16 revealed the presence of seven CncC/Maf binding sites. Luciferase reporter assays showed that CncC and MafK enhanced the expression of GSTe16, leading to the increased xanthotoxin tolerance in S. litura. These findings provide insight into the functions and transcriptional regulatory mechanisms of GSTes, thereby enhancing our understanding of the role of GSTs in the adaptation of lepidopteran pests to phytochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Xiao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zhiming Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Mengqing Deng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Haoxue Peng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Zifan Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
| | - Jianping Liu
- Center for Plant Water-use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Resources and Environment, Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Kai Lu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China.
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Zhang J, Ma W, Yin F, Park Y, Zhu KY, Zhang X, Qin X, Li D. Evaluations of two glutathione S-transferase epsilon genes for their contributions to metabolism of three selected insecticides in Locusta migratoria. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 183:105084. [PMID: 35430074 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The insect-specific epsilon class of glutathione S-transferases (GSTEs) plays important roles in insecticide detoxification in insects. In our previous work, five GSTEs were identified in Locusta migratoria, and two recombinant GSTEs, rLmGSTE1 and rLmGSTE4, showed high catalytic activity when 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) was used as a substrate. In this work, we further investigated whether these two GSTEs could metabolize three insecticides including malathion, deltamethrin and DDT. Using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/MS) method, we found that rLmGSTE4, but not rLmGSTE1, can metabolize malathion and DDT. Malathion bioassays of L.migratoria after the expression of LmGSTE4 was suppressed by RNA interference (RNAi) showed increased insect mortality from 33.8% to 68.9%. However, no changes in mortality were observed in deltamethrin- or DDT-treated L.migratoria after the expression of LmGSTE4 was suppressed by RNAi. Our results provided direct evidences that LmGSTE4 participates in malathion detoxification in L.migratoria. These findings are important for understanding the mechanisms of insecticide resistance in L.migratoria and developing new strategies for managing the insect populations in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqin Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Wen Ma
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Fei Yin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Yoonseong Park
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Kun Yan Zhu
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Xueyao Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Xuemei Qin
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
| | - Daqi Li
- College of Plant Protection, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China.
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Li D, He C, Xie L, Ge X, Deng T, Li S, Li G, Xu L. SlGSTE9 participates in the stability of chlorpyrifos resistance in Spodoptera litura. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:5430-5438. [PMID: 34333855 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spodoptera litura is an important agricultural pest and has developed serious resistance to multiple insecticides. The resistance level to several insecticides is reported to be unstable, but the mechanism is less reported. RESULTS Chlorpyrifos and phoxim resistance level in a field-collected population of S. litura declined continuously from the first to the tenth generation and remained stable at the 11th and 12th generations without insecticide exposure. Synergist experiment showed that diethyl maleate and piperonyl butoxide significantly increased mortality to chlorpyrifos and phoxim in the first and sixth generations, but not in the 12th generation. The expression of 31 identified glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes in the third-instar larvae of S. litura in the first, sixth and 12th generations was determined, and eight genes were seen to decrease significantly in the sixth and 12th generations compared with the first generation. SlGSTe9 was selected for further functional study as it had higher abundance and significantly higher expression in the chlorpyrifos-resistant population than in the susceptible population. The recombinant protein of SlGSTE9 showed metabolism activity to chlorpyrifos in vitro and in Escherichia coli, but not to phoxim. Silencing of SlGSTe9 increased the cumulative mortality to chlorpyrifos significantly. SlGSTE9 also showed antioxidant activity to cumene hydroperoxide. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that SlGSTe9 is directly involved in chlorpyrifos resistance stability, but not in phoxim. SlGSTE9 may also participate in insecticides resistance by relieving the oxidase stress induced by insecticides. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhi Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation & Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Chengshuai He
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Lanfen Xie
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation & Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xing Ge
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation & Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Tianfu Deng
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation & Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Songwei Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation & Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Guangling Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation & Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
| | - Li Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Green Pesticide Creation & Intelligent Pesticide Residue Sensor Detection, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, China
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Resistance in the Genus Spodoptera: Key Insect Detoxification Genes. INSECTS 2021; 12:insects12060544. [PMID: 34208014 PMCID: PMC8230579 DOI: 10.3390/insects12060544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The genus Spodoptera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) includes species that are among the most important crop pests in the world. These polyphagous species are able to feed on many plants, including corn, rice and cotton. In addition to their ability to adapt to toxic compounds produced by plants, they have developed resistance to the chemical insecticides used for their control. One of the main mechanisms developed by insects to become resistant involves detoxification enzymes. In this review, we illustrate some examples of the role of major families of detoxification enzymes such as cytochromes P450, carboxyl/cholinesterases, glutathione S-transferases (GST) and transporters such as ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters in insecticide resistance. We compare available data for four species, Spodoptera exigua, S. frugiperda, S. littoralis and S. litura. Molecular mechanisms underlying the involvement of these genes in resistance will be described, including the duplication of the CYP9A cluster, over-expression of GST epsilon or point mutations in acetylcholinesterase and ABCC2. This review is not intended to be exhaustive but to highlight the key roles of certain genes.
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Li D, He C, Xie L, Kong F, Wu Y, Shi M, Liu R, Xu L. Functional Analysis of SlGSTE12 in Pyrethroid and Organophosphate Resistance in Spodoptera litura. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:5840-5848. [PMID: 34019410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c00723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferase genes in the epsilon group were reported to function in insecticide resistance. SlGSTE12 was validated to be overexpressed in pyrethroid- and organophosphate-resistant populations of Spodoptera litura compared to a susceptible population. A functional study of heterologously expressed SlGSTE12 showed that Km and Vmax for 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB) conjugating activity were 0.70 ± 0.18 mmol L-1 and 90.6 ± 9.4 nmol mg-1 min-1, respectively. β-Cypermethrin and cyhalothrin showed much weaker inhibition of SlGSTE12 activity to CDNB conjugation than fenvalerate, chlorpyrifos, and phoxim. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that SlGSTE12 had significant metabolism activity to fenvalerate and phoxim both in vitro and in Escherichia coli, especially to chlorpyrifos, and slight metabolism activity toward cyhalothrin only in vitro. Silencing of SlGSTE12 by RNAi increased the mortality to fenvalerate, cyhalothrin, and chlorpyrifos significantly. SlGSTE12 also had a significant antioxidant ability against cumene hydroperoxide. Our study suggested that SlGSTE12 could metabolize phoxim, fenvalerate, cyhalothrin, and especially chlorpyrifos. SlGSTE12 might also participate in pyrethroid and organophosphate resistance by antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongzhi Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide & Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Chengshuai He
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Lanfen Xie
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide & Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Fanbin Kong
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide & Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Yanbing Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide & Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Mingwang Shi
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide & Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Runqiang Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide & Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
| | - Li Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center of Biological Pesticide & Fertilizer Development and Synergistic Application, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan Province 453003, China
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Zhang HC, Yang YJ, Ma KX, Shi CY, Chen GW, Liu DZ. A novel sigma class glutathione S-transferase gene in freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica: cloning, characterization and protective effects in herbicide glyphosate stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 29:295-304. [PMID: 32088881 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02173-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As the top-selling herbicide in the world, glyphosate distributes widely in natural environment and its influence on the ecological security and human health has attracted more and more concern. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are a well-characterized superfamily of isoenzymes for cellular defense against exogenous toxic substances and therefore protect organisms from injury. In this study, the complete cDNA sequence of GST gene (named as Dja-GST) in freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica was firstly cloned by means of RACE method. The full-length Dja-GST comprises of 706 nucleotides which encodes a polypeptide of 200 amino acids. Dja-GST has two representative GST domains at the N- and C-termini. The conservative GST-N domain includes G-site Y8, F9, R14, W39, K43, P52 and S64, while the variable GST-C domain contains H-site K104, V156, D159 and L161. Sequence analysis, phylogenetic tree reconstruction and multiple alignment collectively indicate that Dja-GST belongs to the Sigma class of GST superfamily. Also, GST gene expression profile, GST enzymatic activity and MDA content in response to glyphosate exposure were systematically investigated and the correlations among them were analyzed. The results suggest that glyphosate exposure modified the mRNA transcription and enzymatic activity of GST, as well as the MDA content in planarians, indicating that Dja-GST might play an important part in organisms defending against oxidative stress induced by glyphosate. This work lays a molecular foundation for further exploring the exact functions of Dja-GST and gives an important implication for evaluating the ecological environment effects of herbicide glyphosate.
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Affiliation(s)
- He-Cai Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Yu-Juan Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Ke-Xue Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Chang-Ying Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Guang-Wen Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China.
| | - De-Zeng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
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Saruta F, Yamada N, Yamamoto K. An omega-class glutathione S-transferase in the brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens exhibits glutathione transferase and dehydroascorbate reductase activities. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 102:e21599. [PMID: 31328816 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A complementary DNA that encodes an omega-class glutathione S-transferase (GST) of the brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (nlGSTO), was isolated by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. A recombinant protein (nlGSTO) was obtained via overexpression in the Escherichia coli cells and purified. nlGSTO catalyzes the biotransformation of glutathione with 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, a general substrate for GST, as well as with dehydroascorbate to synthesize ascorbate. Mutation experiments revealed that putative substrate-binding sites, including Phe28, Cys29, Phe30, Arg176, and Lue225, were important for glutathione transferase and dehydroascorbate reductase activities. As ascorbate is a reducing agent, nlGSTO may participate in antioxidant resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiko Saruta
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kyushu University Graduate School, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naotaka Yamada
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kyushu University Graduate School, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kohji Yamamoto
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kyushu University Graduate School, Fukuoka, Japan
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Durand N, Pottier MA, Siaussat D, Bozzolan F, Maïbèche M, Chertemps T. Glutathione-S-Transferases in the Olfactory Organ of the Noctuid Moth Spodoptera littoralis, Diversity and Conservation of Chemosensory Clades. Front Physiol 2018; 9:1283. [PMID: 30319435 PMCID: PMC6171564 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.01283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs) are conjugating enzymes involved in the detoxification of a wide range of xenobiotic compounds. The expression of GSTs as well as their activities have been also highlighted in the olfactory organs of several species, including insects, where they could play a role in the signal termination and in odorant clearance. Using a transcriptomic approach, we identified 33 putative GSTs expressed in the antennae of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis. We established their expression patterns and revealed four olfactory-enriched genes in adults. In order to investigate the evolution of antennal GST repertoires in moths, we re-annotated antennal transcripts corresponding to GSTs in two moth and one coleopteran species. We performed a large phylogenetic analysis that revealed an unsuspected structural—and potentially functional—diversity of GSTs within the olfactory organ of insects. This led us to identify a conserved clade containing most of the already identified antennal-specific and antennal-enriched GSTs from moths. In addition, for all the sequences from this clade, we were able to identify a signal peptide, which is an unusual structural feature for GSTs. Taken together, these data highlight the diversity and evolution of GSTs in the olfactory organ of a pest species and more generally in the olfactory system of moths, and also the conservation of putative extracellular members across multiple insect orders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Durand
- Sorbonne Université, INRA, CNRS, UPEC, IRD, Univ. P7, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Anne Pottier
- Sorbonne Université, INRA, CNRS, UPEC, IRD, Univ. P7, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Paris, France
| | - David Siaussat
- Sorbonne Université, INRA, CNRS, UPEC, IRD, Univ. P7, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Françoise Bozzolan
- Sorbonne Université, INRA, CNRS, UPEC, IRD, Univ. P7, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Martine Maïbèche
- Sorbonne Université, INRA, CNRS, UPEC, IRD, Univ. P7, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Chertemps
- Sorbonne Université, INRA, CNRS, UPEC, IRD, Univ. P7, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, Paris, France
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