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Pathak M, Ojha H, Tiwari AK, Sharma D, Saini M, Kakkar R. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of antimalarial activity of new derivatives of 2,4,6-s-triazine. Chem Cent J 2017; 11:132. [PMID: 29256159 PMCID: PMC5735044 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-017-0362-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is an important enzyme for de novo synthesis of nucleotides in Plasmodium falciparum and it is essential for cell proliferation. DHFR is a well known antimalarial target for drugs like cycloguanil and pyrimethamine which target its inhibition for their pharmacological actions. However, the clinical efficacies of these antimalarial drugs have been compromising due to multiple mutations occurring in DHFR that lead to drug resistance. In this background, we have designed 22 s -triazine compounds using the best five parameters based 3D-QSAR model built by using genetic function approximation. In-silico designed compounds were further filtered to 6 compounds based upon their ADME properties, docking studies and predicted minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Out of 6 compounds, 3 compounds were synthesized in good yield over 95% and characterized using IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and mass spectroscopic techniques. Parasitemia inhibition assay was used to evaluate the antimalarial activity of s -triazine compounds against 3D7 strain of P. falciparum. All the three compounds (7, 13 and 18) showed 30 times higher potency than cycloguanil (standard drug). It was observed that compound 18 was the most active while the compound 13 was the least active. On the closer inspection of physicochemical properties and SAR, it was observed that the presence of electron donating groups, number of hydrogen bond formation, lipophilicity of ligands and coulson charge of nitrogen atom present in the triazine ring enhances the DHFR inhibition significantly. This study will contribute to further endeavours of more potent DHFR inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallika Pathak
- Department of Chemistry, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.,Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Himanshu Ojha
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India. .,Division of CBRN Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India.
| | - Anjani K Tiwari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Deepti Sharma
- Division of CBRN Defence, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, DRDO, Timarpur, Delhi, 110054, India
| | - Manisha Saini
- Department of Chemistry, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Rita Kakkar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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Polovkovych SV, Karkhut AI, Marintsova NG, Lesyk RB, Zimenkovsky BS, Novikov VP. Synthesis of New Schiff Bases and Polycyclic Fused Thiopyranothiazoles Containing 4,6-Dichloro-1,3,5-Triazine Moiety. J Heterocycl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Svyatoslav V. Polovkovych
- Department of Technology of Biologically Active Substances, Pharmacy and Biotechnology; National University “Lviv Polytechnic,” Bandera 12; Lviv 79013 Ukraine
| | - Andrew I. Karkhut
- Department of Technology of Biologically Active Substances, Pharmacy and Biotechnology; National University “Lviv Polytechnic,” Bandera 12; Lviv 79013 Ukraine
| | - Natalia G. Marintsova
- Department of Technology of Biologically Active Substances, Pharmacy and Biotechnology; National University “Lviv Polytechnic,” Bandera 12; Lviv 79013 Ukraine
| | - Roman B. Lesyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry; Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University; Pekarska 69 Lviv 79010 Ukraine
| | - Borys S. Zimenkovsky
- Department of Pharmaceutical, Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry; Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University; Pekarska 69 Lviv 79010 Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr P. Novikov
- Department of Technology of Biologically Active Substances, Pharmacy and Biotechnology; National University “Lviv Polytechnic,” Bandera 12; Lviv 79013 Ukraine
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Polovkovych SV, Karkhut AI, Marintsova NG, Novikov VP. Synthesis of new 5-acetyl(arylmethyliden)-4-thiazolidones. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/hc.20631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Comins DL, O'Connor S. Regioselective Substitution in Aromatic Six-Membered Nitrogen Heterocycles. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY VOLUME 44 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(08)60263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Kreutzberger A, Richter B. Synthese und biochemische Eigenschaften substituierter Phenoxy- und Anilino-1,3,5-triazine. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 1983. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.19833160702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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