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Ganaie BA, Banday JA, Bhat BA, Ara T. Synthesis and In Vitro Anticancer Activity of Triazolyl Analogs of Podophyllotoxin, a Naturally Occurring Lignin. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070428021120216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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2
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Bouchard M, Tremblay T, Paré-Lacroix MP, Gagné-Boulet M, Fortin S, Giguère D. Synthetic development of sugar amino acid oligomers towards novel podophyllotoxin analogues. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 52:116501. [PMID: 34837817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we have developed an approach for the synthesis of sugar amino acid oligomers based on the glucosamine scaffold. We found that the solid-phase approach was unsuccessful for the preparation of sugar amino acid oligomers and the limitation of the liquid-phase approach revolved around the low solubility of larger oligomers. Nevertheless, this strategy allowed the coupling of alkynylated carbohydrate amino acids with podophyllotoxin-bearing an azide functional group yielding novel podophyllotoxin analogues. Due to their low solubility, the antiproliferative study revealed no anticancer activity of these newly synthesized analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Bouchard
- Département de Chimie, 1045 av. De la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Thomas Tremblay
- Département de Chimie, 1045 av. De la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marie-Pier Paré-Lacroix
- Département de Chimie, 1045 av. De la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Mathieu Gagné-Boulet
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe oncologie, Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, 10 rue de l'Espinay, Quebec City, QC G1L 3L5, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, 1050 avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sébastien Fortin
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Axe oncologie, Hôpital Saint-François d'Assise, 10 rue de l'Espinay, Quebec City, QC G1L 3L5, Canada; Faculté de Pharmacie, 1050 avenue de la Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Denis Giguère
- Département de Chimie, 1045 av. De la Médecine, Université Laval, Québec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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3
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Zi CT, Yang L, Kong QH, Li HM, Yang XZ, Ding ZT, Jiang ZH, Hu JM, Zhou J. Glucoside Derivatives Of Podophyllotoxin: Synthesis, Physicochemical Properties, And Cytotoxicity. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2019; 13:3683-3692. [PMID: 31695335 PMCID: PMC6815755 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s215895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Widespread concern of the side effects and the broad-spectrum anticancer property of podophyllotoxin as an antitumor agent highlight the need for the development of new podophyllotoxin derivatives. Although some per-butyrylated glucosides of podophyllotoxin and 4β-triazolyl-podophyllotoxin glycosides show good anticancer activity, the per-acetylated/free of podophyllotoxin glucosides and their per-acetylated are not well studied. Methods A few glucoside derivatives of PPT were synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activities against five human cancer cell lines, HL-60 (leukemia), SMMC-7721 (hepatoma), A-549 (lung cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer), and SW480 (colon cancer), as well as the normal human pulmonary epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B). In addition, we investigated the structure–activity relationship and the physicochemical property–anticancer activity relationship of these compounds. Results Compound 6b shows the highest cytotoxic potency against all five cancer cell lines tested, with IC50 values ranging from 3.27±0.21 to 11.37±0.52 μM. We have also found that 6b displays higher selectivity than the etoposide except in the case of HL-60 cell line. The active compounds possess similar physicochemical properties: MSA > 900, %PSA < 20, ClogP > 2, MW > 700 Da, and RB > 10. Conclusion We synthesized several glucoside derivatives of PPT and tested their cytotoxicity. Among them, compound 6b showed the highest cytotoxicity. Further studies including selectivity of active compounds have shown that the selectivity indexes of 6b are much greater than the etoposide except in the case of HL-60 cell line. The active compounds possessed similar physicochemical properties. This study indicates that active glucoside analogs of podophyllotoxin have potential as lead compounds for developing novel anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ting Zi
- Key Laboratory of Pu-Er Tea Science, Ministry of Education, College of Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Hua Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Mei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Xing-Zhi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong-Tao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Nature Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, People's Republic of China
| | - Zi-Hua Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay ON P7B 5E1, Canada
| | - Jiang-Miao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, People's Republic of China
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Mittermair E, Krenn L, Marian B. Prenylated xanthones from Metaxya rostrata suppress FoxM1 and induce active cell death by distinct mechanisms. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 60:152912. [PMID: 30979690 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metaxya rostrata C.Presl (Metaxyaceae) is a tree fern widespread in Central and South America and the dried rhizome is used in ethnic medicine against intestinal ulcers or tumors. An activity-guided isolation resulted in two structurally related xanthones: 2-deprenyl-rheediaxanthone B (XB) and 2-deprenyl-7-hydroxy-rheediaxanthone B (OH-XB). HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE This study analyzed the cytotoxic activity and underlying cellular mechanisms of OH-XB for the first time in comparison to XB. METHODS We exposed the colorectal cancer cell line SW480 and F331 fibroblasts to XB and OH-XB and determined cell viability by neutral red uptake and nuclear morphology by staining with Hoechst dye. Cell cycle distribution and the mechanism of cell death were analyzed by FACS and western blot. Knockdown of FoxM1 expression was performed with siRNA. RESULTS OH-XB was at least as cytotoxic as XB in the induction of cell cycle arrest and active cell death. While both compounds strongly inhibited the transcription factor FoxM1, the cellular mechanisms of growth arrest and cell death induction differed widely: OH-XB induced S-phase cell cycle arrest in contrast to a G2-M-phase arrest by XB. It caused morphological modifications typical for classical apoptosis with increased caspase 7 activity and enhanced cleavage of PARP, while XB caused caspase 2 activation and mitotic catastrophe. After knockdown of FoxM1 expression no induction of caspase activity could be observed. CONCLUSION In summary, our data clearly showed that XB and OH-XB are promising new lead compounds for cancer therapy with distinct cellular mechanisms. Both compounds are candidates for further pre-clinical and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Mittermair
- Medical University Vienna, Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Liselotte Krenn
- University of Vienna, Department of Pharmacognosy, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Brigitte Marian
- Medical University Vienna, Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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5
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Zi CT, Gao YS, Yang L, Feng SY, Huang Y, Sun L, Jin Y, Xu FQ, Dong FW, Li Y, Ding ZT, Zhou J, Jiang ZH, Yuan ST, Hu JM. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Biotinylated Podophyllotoxin Derivatives as Potential Antitumor Agents. Front Chem 2019; 7:434. [PMID: 31281809 PMCID: PMC6596340 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2019.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin has long been used as an active substance for cytotoxic activity. Fourteen novel biotinylated podophyllotoxin derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for cytotoxic activity for this study. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity in the following human cancer cell lines, SW480, MCF-7, A-549, SMMC-7721, and HL-60 by MTT assay. Most of them exhibited potent cytotoxic effects and compound 15 showed the highest cytotoxic activity among the five cancer cell lines tested, having its IC50 values in the range of 0.13 to 0.84 μM. Apoptosis analysis revealed that compound 15 caused obvious induction of cell apoptosis. Compound 15 significantly down-regulated the expression level of the marker proteins (caspase-3 and PARP) in H1299 and H1975 cells, activated the transcription of IRE1α, increased the expression of GRP78 and XBP-1s, and finally induced apoptosis of H1299 cells. In vivo studies showed that 15 at a dose of 20 mg/kg suppressed tumor growth of S180 cell xenografts in icr mice significantly. Further molecular docking studies suggested that compound 15 could bind well with the ATPase domain of Topoisomerase-II. These data suggest that compound 15 is a promising agent for cancer therapy deserving further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ting Zi
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, College of Science, Ministry of Education, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Nature Resource, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Ying-Sheng Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Shu-Yun Feng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Huang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Li Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi Jin
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Nature Resource, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Feng-Qing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Fa-Wu Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zhong-Tao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Nature Resource, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
| | - Zi-Hua Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada
| | - Sheng-Tao Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening and Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiang-Miao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, China
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6
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Liang X, Wu Q, Luan S, Yin Z, He C, Yin L, Zou Y, Yuan Z, Li L, Song X, He M, Lv C, Zhang W. A comprehensive review of topoisomerase inhibitors as anticancer agents in the past decade. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 171:129-168. [PMID: 30917303 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The topoisomerase enzymes play an important role in DNA metabolism, and searching for enzyme inhibitors is an important target in the search for new anticancer drugs. Discovery of new anticancer chemotherapeutical capable of inhibiting topoisomerase enzymes is highlighted in anticancer research. Therefore, biologists, organic chemists and medicinal chemists all around the world have been identifying, designing, synthesizing and evaluating a variety of novel bioactive molecules targeting topoisomerase. This review summarizes types of topoisomerase inhibitors in the past decade, and divides them into nine classes by structural characteristics, including N-heterocycles compounds, quinone derivatives, flavonoids derivatives, coumarin derivatives, lignan derivatives, polyphenol derivatives, diterpenes derivatives, fatty acids derivatives, and metal complexes. Then we discussed the application prospect and development of these anticancer compounds, as well as concluded parts of their structural-activity relationships. We believe this review would be invaluable in helping to further search potential topoisomerase inhibition as antitumor agent in clinical usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Liang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China.
| | - Qiang Wu
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Shangxian Luan
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Changliang He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Lizi Yin
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Zou
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Zhixiang Yuan
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Lixia Li
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Xu Song
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Min He
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Natural Medicine Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, PR China
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7
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Bonam SR, Wu YS, Tunki L, Chellian R, Halmuthur MSK, Muller S, Pandy V. What Has Come out from Phytomedicines and Herbal Edibles for the Treatment of Cancer? ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1854-1872. [PMID: 29927521 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Several modern treatment strategies have been adopted to combat cancer with the aim of minimizing toxicity. Medicinal plant-based compounds with the potential to treat cancer have been widely studied in preclinical research and have elicited many innovations in cutting-edge clinical research. In parallel, researchers have eagerly tried to decrease the toxicity of current chemotherapeutic agents either by combining them with herbals or in using herbals alone. The aim of this article is to present an update of medicinal plants and their bioactive compounds, or mere changes in the bioactive compounds, along with herbal edibles, which display efficacy against diverse cancer cells and in anticancer therapy. It describes the basic mechanism(s) of action of phytochemicals used either alone or in combination therapy with other phytochemicals or herbal edibles. This review also highlights the remarkable synergistic effects that arise between certain herbals and chemotherapeutic agents used in oncology. The anticancer phytochemicals used in clinical research are also described; furthermore, we discuss our own experience related to semisynthetic derivatives, which are developed based on phytochemicals. Overall, this compilation is intended to facilitate research and development projects on phytopharmaceuticals for successful anticancer drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- UMR 7242 CNRS, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, University of Strasbourg, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Illkirch, 67400, France.,Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad, 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Yuan Seng Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lakshmi Tunki
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Ranjithkumar Chellian
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mahabalarao Sampath Kumar Halmuthur
- Vaccine Immunology Laboratory, Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT), Hyderabad, 500007, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR - Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India
| | - Sylviane Muller
- UMR 7242 CNRS, Biotechnology and Cell Signaling, University of Strasbourg, Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Illkirch, 67400, France.,University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study (USIAS), Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Vijayapandi Pandy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Pharmacology, Chalapathi Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, 522034, India
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8
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Safarpoor M, Ghaedi M, Yousefinejad M, Javadian H, Asfaram A, Ghasemi Z, Jaberi H, Rahimi D. Podophyllotoxin extraction fromLinum usitatissimumplant and its anticancer activity against HT‐29, A‐549 and MDA‐MB‐231 cell lines with and without the presence of gold nanoparticles. Appl Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.4024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehrorang Ghaedi
- Department of ChemistryYasouj University Yasouj 75918‐74831 Iran
| | | | - Hamedreza Javadian
- Universitat Politècnica de CatalunyaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, ETSEIB Diagonal 647 08028 Barcelona Spain
| | - Arash Asfaram
- Medicinal Plants Research CenterYasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran
| | - Zahra Ghasemi
- Department of ChemistryYasouj University Yasouj 75918‐74831 Iran
| | - Hajar Jaberi
- Department of BiochemistryShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz 71348‐57794 Iran
| | - Daruosh Rahimi
- Department of BiochemistryShiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz 71348‐57794 Iran
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9
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Zi CT, Yang L, Gao W, Li Y, Zhou J, Ding ZT, Hu JM, Jiang ZH. Click Glycosylation for the Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazole-Linked Picropodophyllotoxin Glycoconjugates and Their Anticancer Activity. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201700347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ting Zi
- Key Laboratory of Pu-er Tea Science, Ministry of Education; Yunnan Agricultural University; Kunming 650201 China
| | - Liu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming 650201 China
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming 650201 China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming 650201 China
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming 650201 China
| | - Zhong-Tao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Nature Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology; Yunnan University; Kunming 650091 China
| | - Jiang-Miao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Kunming 650201 China
| | - Zi-Hua Jiang
- Department of Chemistry; Lakehead University; 955 Oliver Road Thunder Bay ON P7B 5E1 Canada
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10
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Hyder I, Yedlapudi D, Kalivendi SV, Khazir J, Ismail T, Nalla N, Miryala S, Sampath Kumar HM. Synthesis and Biological evaluation of novel 4β-[(5-substituted)-1,2,3,4-tetrazolyl] podophyllotoxins as anticancer compounds. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2860-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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11
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Liu W, Liu J, Yin D, Zhao X. Influence of ecological factors on the production of active substances in the anti-cancer plant Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) T.S. Ying. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0122981. [PMID: 25874701 PMCID: PMC4398539 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0122981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality of traditional Chinese herbal medicine, which plays a very important role in the health system of China, is determined by the active substances produced by the plants. The type, content, and proportion of these substances may vary depending on ecological factors in areas where the plants are grown. Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) T.S. Ying, an endangered plant species with great medical value, was investigated in eight production locations representative of its natural geographical distribution range in China. The correlation between the contents of the active ingredients extracted from the roots and rhizomes of S. hexandrum and the ecological factors were evaluated step-by-step using a series of computational biology methodologies. The results showed that ecological factors had significant effects on the contents but not on the types of the active ingredients in eight production locations. The primary ecological factors influencing the active substances included the annual average precipitation, July mean temperature, frost-free period, sunshine duration, soil pH, soil organic matter, and rapidly available potassium in the soil. The annual average precipitation was the most important determinant factor and was significantly and negatively correlated with the active ingredient contents (P < 0.001). In contrast, organic matter was the most important limiting factor and was significantly and positively correlated with the active substances. These ecological factors caused 98.13% of the total geographical variation of the active ingredient contents. The climate factors contributed more to the active ingredient contents than did the soil factors. It was concluded that from the view of the contents of the secondary metabolites and ecological factors of each growing location, in Jingyuan, Ningxia Province, and Yongdeng, Gansu Province, conditions were favorable to the production of podophyllotoxin and lignans, whereas in Shangri-La, Yunnan Province, and Nyingchi, Tibet, conditions were favorable to the production of quercetin and kaempferol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Dongxue Yin
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhao
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
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12
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Zi CT, Li GT, Li Y, Zhou J, Ding ZT, Jiang ZH, Hu JM. Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of 4β-Triazole-podophyllotoxin Glycosides. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2015; 5:83-90. [PMID: 25869591 PMCID: PMC4402586 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-015-0057-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel 4β-triazole-podophyllotoxin glycosides were synthesized by utilizing the Click reaction. Evaluation of cytotoxicity against a panel of five human cancer cell lines (HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7, SW480) using MTT assay shows that most of these compounds show weak cytotoxicity. It was observed that compound 16 shows the highest activity with IC50 values ranging from 2.85 to 7.28 μM, which is more potent than the control drugs etoposide and cisplatin against four of five cancer cell lines tested. Compound 16 is characterized with an α-D-galactosyl residue directly linked to the triazole ring and a 4'-OH group on the E ring of the podophyllotoxin scaffold. HPLC investigation of representative compound indicates that incorporation of a sugar moiety seems to improve the chemical stability of the podophyllotoxin scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ting Zi
- />State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
- />Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Nature Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 China
| | - Gen-Tao Li
- />State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Yan Li
- />State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Jun Zhou
- />State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
| | - Zhong-Tao Ding
- />Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Nature Resource, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Science and Technology, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091 China
| | - Zi-Hua Jiang
- />Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1 Canada
| | - Jiang-Miao Hu
- />State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
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Li T, Lu T, Yu C, Yao C. An efficient synthesis of [1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]thieno[3,4-b]quinolin-8(5H)-ones as novel thiazapodophyllotoxin analogues with potential anticancer activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1417-9. [PMID: 25759030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A catalyst-free synthesis of 6,9-dihydro-[1,3]dioxolo[4,5-g]thieno[3,4-b]quinolin-8(5H)-ones as novel analogues of podophyllotoxins was developed by a three-component reaction of aldehydes, ethyl 2,4-dioxotetrahydrothiophene-3-carboxylate and 3,4-(methylenedioxy)aniline. This methodology not only provides new chemical library for the screening of anticancer activity, but also features excellent isolated yields, short reaction time, simple work up procedure and little environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuanjie Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, PR China
| | - Ting Lu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, PR China
| | - Chenxia Yu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, PR China
| | - Changsheng Yao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Green Synthetic Chemistry for Functional Materials, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221116, PR China.
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14
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Design, synthesis, and cytotoxicity of perbutyrylated glycosides of 4β-triazolopodophyllotoxin derivatives. Molecules 2015; 20:3255-80. [PMID: 25690288 PMCID: PMC6272287 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20023255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel perbutyrylated glycosides of 4β-triazolopodophyllotoxin derivatives were synthesized by utilizing the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reaction. Evaluation of cytotoxicity against a panel of five human cancer cell lines (HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7, SW480) using the MTT assay shows that some of these glycosylated derivatives have good anticancer activity. Among the synthesized compounds, compound 21a shows the highest activity, with IC50 values ranging from 0.49 to 6.70 μM, which is more potent than the control drugs etoposide and cisplatin. Compound 21a is characterized by a perbutyrylated α-D(+)-galactosyl residue, the absence of an additional linking spacer between the sugar residue and the triazole ring, as well as a 4'-OH group on the E ring of the podophyllotoxin scaffold.
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15
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Liu YQ, Tian J, Qian K, Zhao XB, Morris-Natschke SL, Yang L, Nan X, Tian X, Lee KH. Recent progress on C-4-modified podophyllotoxin analogs as potent antitumor agents. Med Res Rev 2015; 35:1-62. [PMID: 24827545 PMCID: PMC4337794 DOI: 10.1002/med.21319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Podophyllotoxin (PPT), as well as its congeners and derivatives, exhibits pronounced biological activities, especially antineoplastic effects. Its strong inhibitory effect on tumor cell growth led to the development of three of the most highly prescribed anticancer drugs in the world, etoposide, teniposide, and the water-soluble prodrug etoposide phosphate. Their clinical success as well as intriguing mechanism of action stimulated great interest in further modification of PPT for better antitumor activity. The C-4 position has been a major target for structural derivatization aimed at either producing more potent compounds or overcoming drug resistance. Accordingly, numerous PPT derivatives have been prepared via hemisynthesis and important structure-activity relationship (SAR) correlations have been identified. Several resulting compounds, including GL-331, TOP-53, and NK611, reached clinical trials. Some excellent reviews on the distribution, sources, applications, synthesis, and SAR of PPT have been published. This review focuses on a second generation of new etoposide-related drugs and provides detailed coverage of the current status and recent development of C-4-modified PPT analogs as anticancer clinical trial candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jing Tian
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Keduo Qian
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Xiao-Bo Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Susan L. Morris-Natschke
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Liu Yang
- Environmental and Municipal Engineering School, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Nan
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, P.R. China
| | - Kuo-Hsiung Lee
- Natural Products Research Laboratories, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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16
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Liu W, Yin D, Liu J, Li N. Genetic diversity and structure of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying in the Qinling Mountains, China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110500. [PMID: 25333788 PMCID: PMC4198291 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinopodophyllum hexandrum is an important medicinal plant whose genetic diversity must be conserved because it is endangered. The Qinling Mts. are a S. hexandrum distribution area that has unique environmental features that highly affect the evolution of the species. To provide the reference data for evolutionary and conservation studies, the genetic diversity and population structure of S. hexandrum in its overall natural distribution areas in the Qinling Mts. were investigated through inter-simple sequence repeats analysis of 32 natural populations. The 11 selected primers generated a total of 135 polymorphic bands. S. hexandrum genetic diversity was low within populations (average He = 0.0621), but higher at the species level (He = 0.1434). Clear structure and high genetic differentiation among populations were detected by using the unweighted pair group method for arithmetic averages, principle coordinate analysis and Bayesian clustering. The clustering approaches supported a division of the 32 populations into three major groups, for which analysis of molecular variance confirmed significant variation (63.27%) among populations. The genetic differentiation may have been attributed to the limited gene flow (Nm = 0.3587) in the species. Isolation by distance among populations was determined by comparing genetic distance versus geographic distance by using the Mantel test. Result was insignificant (r = 0.212, P = 0.287) at 0.05, showing that their spatial pattern and geographic locations are not correlated. Given the low within-population genetic diversity, high differentiation among populations and the increasing anthropogenic pressure on the species, in situ conservation measures were recommended to preserve S. hexandrum in Qinling Mts., and other populations must be sampled to retain as much genetic diversity of the species to achieve ex situ preservation as a supplement to in situ conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Dongxue Yin
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Forestry, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, China
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17
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Synthesis of novel spin-labeled podophyllotoxin derivatives as potential antineoplastic agents: Part XXV. Med Chem Res 2014; 23:4926-4931. [PMID: 25709376 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-1042-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel spin-labeled 4β-[(4-substituted)-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]podophyllotoxin derivatives (17a-h) were firstly designed and synthesized with significant regioselectivity by employing Cu(I) catalyzed click approach, and evaluated for cytotoxicity against four human tumor cell lines (A-549, DU145, KB, and KBvin). Among them, compound 17h displayed the highest cytotoxic activity against the tumor cell lines tested. Significantly, compound 17h showed superior cytotoxic activity compared with etoposide (IC50 6.30 to>10 μM), a clinically available anticancer drug. Significant activity toward the drug resistant KBvin cell line revealed promising future for compound 17h as a new generation of epipodophyllotoxin-derived antitumor clinical trial candidate.
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Zi CT, Xu FQ, Li GT, Li Y, Ding ZT, Zhou J, Jiang ZH, Hu JM. Synthesis and anticancer activity of glucosylated podophyllotoxin derivatives linked via 4β-triazole rings. Molecules 2013; 18:13992-4012. [PMID: 24232736 PMCID: PMC6270044 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181113992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of 4β-triazole-linked glucose podophyllotoxin conjugates have been designed and synthesized by employing a click chemistry approach. All the compounds were evaluated for their anticancer activity against a panel of five human cancer cell lines (HL-60, SMMC-7721, A-549, MCF-7, SW480) using MTT assays. Most of these triazole derivatives have good anticancer activity. Among them, compound 35 showed the highest potency against all five cancer cell lines tested, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 0.59 to 2.90 μM, which is significantly more active than the drug etoposide currently in clinical use. Structure-activity relationship analysis reveals that the acyl substitution on the glucose residue, the length of oligoethylene glycol linker, and the 4'-demethylation of podophyllotoxin scaffold can significantly affect the potency of the anticancer activity. Most notably, derivatives with a perbutyrylated glucose residue show much higher activity than their counterparts with either a free glucose or a peracetylated glucose residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ting Zi
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; E-Mails: (C.-T.Z.); (F.-Q.X.); (G.-T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; E-Mail:
| | - Feng-Qing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; E-Mails: (C.-T.Z.); (F.-Q.X.); (G.-T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Gen-Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; E-Mails: (C.-T.Z.); (F.-Q.X.); (G.-T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; E-Mails: (C.-T.Z.); (F.-Q.X.); (G.-T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zhong-Tao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry for Natural Resource, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; E-Mail:
| | - Jun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; E-Mails: (C.-T.Z.); (F.-Q.X.); (G.-T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
| | - Zi-Hua Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, Canada
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Z.-H.J.); (J.-M.H.); Tel.: +1-807-766-7171 (Z.-H.J.); Fax: +1-807-346-7775 (Z.-H.J.); Tel.: +86-871-6522-3264 (J.-M.H.); Fax: +86-871-6522-3261 (J.-M.H.)
| | - Jiang-Miao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China; E-Mails: (C.-T.Z.); (F.-Q.X.); (G.-T.L.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (Z.-H.J.); (J.-M.H.); Tel.: +1-807-766-7171 (Z.-H.J.); Fax: +1-807-346-7775 (Z.-H.J.); Tel.: +86-871-6522-3264 (J.-M.H.); Fax: +86-871-6522-3261 (J.-M.H.)
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19
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Thanki K, Gangwal RP, Sangamwar AT, Jain S. Oral delivery of anticancer drugs: Challenges and opportunities. J Control Release 2013; 170:15-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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20
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Jada S, Reddy Doma M, Singh PP, Kumar S, Malik F, Sharma A, Khan IA, Qazi G, Kumar HS. Design and synthesis of novel magnolol derivatives as potential antimicrobial and antiproliferative compounds. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 51:35-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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21
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Bailly C. Contemporary challenges in the design of topoisomerase II inhibitors for cancer chemotherapy. Chem Rev 2012; 112:3611-40. [PMID: 22397403 DOI: 10.1021/cr200325f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- Centre de Recherche et Développement, Institut de Recherche Pierre Fabre, Toulouse, France.
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22
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Shang H, Chen H, Zhao D, Tang X, Liu Y, Pan L, Cheng M. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4α/4β-imidazolyl podophyllotoxin analogues as antitumor agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2011; 345:43-8. [PMID: 21956645 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201100094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Revised: 05/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A series of 4α/4β-imidazolyl podophyllotoxin analogues have been designed and synthesized. All of the compounds were evaluated for their anticancer activity against a panel of three human cancer cell lines. Within the cell lines tested, some of the synthesized compounds showed promising anticancer activity. Compound 12, in particular, exhibited remarkable cytotoxicity, demonstrating effects against all tumor cell lines, including the K562/ADM cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Shang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drugs Design & Discovery of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, P. R.China
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23
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Reddy DM, Srinivas J, Chashoo G, Saxena AK, Sampath Kumar H. 4β-[(4-Alkyl)-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl] podophyllotoxins as anticancer compounds: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:1983-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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24
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Xue M, Zhu R, Qin L, Li F, Liu Z, Sun X, Wang S. Antitumor activity and pharmacokinetics of podophyllotoxin incorporated into solid lipid nanoparticles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-009-0035-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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