1
|
Novel pyrimido-pyridazine derivatives: design, synthesis, anticancer evaluation and in silico studies. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1693-1704. [PMID: 36533662 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: A novel pyrimido-pyridazine derivative for developing anticancer agents was synthesized via Ullmann arylation using an efficient Cu(OAc)2 catalyst. Materials & methods: Compounds were investigated for their anticancer potential, against human breast adenocarcinoma cells, viz. MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and normal cell line HEK-293. Further, an in vivo study was conducted on lymphoma-bearing mice while in silico analysis was carried out for molecular interactions. Results: Compound 2b displayed significant antitumor activity towards MDA-MB-231 cells through induction of apoptosis and arresting cells in S-phase in vitro, while it significantly increased the lifespan and reduced tumor growth in vivo. An in silico study revealed potent tyrosine-protein kinase inhibitors. Conclusion: Taken together the molecule has the potential to become an effective therapeutic treatment for breast cancer.
Collapse
|
2
|
Zaib S, Khan I. Synthetic and medicinal chemistry of phthalazines: Recent developments, opportunities and challenges. Bioorg Chem 2020; 105:104425. [PMID: 33157344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fused diaza-heterocycles constitute the core structure of numerous bioactive natural products and effective therapeutic drugs. Among them, phthalazines have been recognized as remarkable structural leads in medicinal chemistry due to their wide application in pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries. Accessing such challenging pharmaceutical agents/drug candidates with high chemical complexity through synthetically efficient approaches remains an attractive goal in the contemporary medicinal chemistry and drug discovery arena. In this review, we focus on the recent developments in the synthetic routes towards the generation of phthalazine-based active pharmaceutical ingredients and their biological potential against various targets. The general reaction scope of these innovative and easily accessible strategies was emphasized focusing on the functional group tolerance, substrate and coupling partner compatibility/limitation, the choice of catalyst, and product diversification. These processes were also accompanied by the mechanistic insights where deemed appropriate to demonstrate meaningful information. Moreover, the rapid examination of the structure-activity relationship analyses around the phthalazine core enabled by the pharmacophore replacement/integration revealed the generation of robust, efficient, and more selective compounds with pronounced biological effects. A large variety of in silico methods and ADME profiling tools were also employed to provide a global appraisal of the pharmacokinetics profile of diaza-heterocycles. Thus, the discovery of new structural leads offers the promise of improving treatments for various tropical diseases such as tuberculosis, leishmaniasis, malaria, Chagas disease, among many others including various cancers, atherosclerosis, HIV, inflammatory, and cardiovascular diseases. We hope this review would serve as an informative collection of structurally diverse molecules enabling the generation of mature, high-quality, and innovative routes to support the drug discovery endeavors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumera Zaib
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
El-Gazzar MG, El-Hazek RM, Zaher NH, El-Ghazaly MA. Design and synthesis of novel pyridazinoquinazoline derivatives as potent VEGFR-2 inhibitors: In vitro and in vivo study. Bioorg Chem 2019; 92:103251. [PMID: 31525526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide, Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) endures to be a prominent cause of cancer death. Treatment of HCC follows multiple therapies which are not entirely applicable for treatment of all patients. HCC usually arises contextual to chronic liver diseases and is often discovered at later stages which makes treatment options more complex. The present study aimed at design, synthesis & evaluation of new pyridazinoquinazoline derivatives as potential nontoxic anti-hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) agents, through inhibition of Vascular endothelial growth factor -2 (VEGFR-2). Novel Pyridazino[3, 4, 5-de]quinazoline derivatives (2-6) were designed & synthesized. Their structures were confirmed via spectral and microanalytical data. They were tested for their in vitro VEGFR-2 inhibition & anticancer activity against human liver cancer cell line (HEPG-2). Molecular docking was investigated into VEGFR-2 site. In vivo studies of VEGRF-2 inhibition and the anti-apoptotic effect of the new compounds were determined in liver of irradiated rats. Toxicity of synthesized compounds was also assessed. The results showed that compounds 3-6 have significant antitumor activity and proved to be non-toxic. The ethoxy aniline derivative 6, exhibited the highest activity both in vitro and in vivo compared to the reference drug used, sorafenib. Compound 6 could be considered a promising nontoxic anti HCC agent and this could be partially attributed to its VEGFR-2 inhibition. Future preclinical investigation would be carried out to confirm the specific and exact mechanism of action of these derivatives especially compound 6 as an effective pharmaceutical agent after full toxicological and pharmacological assessment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa G El-Gazzar
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), PO Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo 11765, Egypt
| | - Rania M El-Hazek
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), PO Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo 11765, Egypt
| | - Nashwa H Zaher
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), PO Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo 11765, Egypt.
| | - Mona A El-Ghazaly
- Department of Drug Radiation Research, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA), PO Box 29, Nasr City, Cairo 11765, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Eldehna WM, Almahli H, Al-Ansary GH, Ghabbour HA, Aly MH, Ismael OE, Al-Dhfyan A, Abdel-Aziz HA. Synthesis and in vitro anti-proliferative activity of some novel isatins conjugated with quinazoline/phthalazine hydrazines against triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells as apoptosis-inducing agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2017; 32:600-613. [PMID: 28173708 PMCID: PMC6010087 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1279155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is challenging due to the absence of well- defined molecular targets and the heterogeneity of such disease. In our endeavor to develop potent isatin-based anti-proliferative agents, we utilized the hybrid-pharmacophore approach to synthesize three series of novel isatin-based hybrids 5a–h, 10a–h and 13a–c, with the prime goal of developing potent anti-proliferative agents toward TNBC MDA-MB-231 cell line. In particular, compounds 5e and 10g were the most active hybrids against MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50 = 12.35 ± 0.12 and 12.00 ± 0.13 μM), with 2.37- and 2.44-fold increased activity than 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (IC50 = 29.38 ± 1.24 μM). Compounds 5e and 10g induced the intrinsic apoptotic mitochondrial pathway in MDA-MB-231; evidenced by the reduced expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, the enhanced expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and the up-regulated active caspase-9 and caspase-3 levels. Furthermore, 10g showed significant increase in the percent of annexin V-FITC positive apoptotic cells from 3.88 to 31.21% (8.4 folds compared to control).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wagdy M Eldehna
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Egyptian Russian University , Badr City, Cairo , Egypt
| | - Hadia Almahli
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Egyptian Russian University , Badr City, Cairo , Egypt.,b Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Ghada H Al-Ansary
- c Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ain Shams University , Cairo , Abbassia , Egypt
| | - Hazem A Ghabbour
- d Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H Aly
- e Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy , British University in Egypt , Cairo , Egypt.,f Department of Biology , The American University in Cairo , New Cairo , Egypt
| | - Omnia E Ismael
- g Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Egyptian Russian University , Badr City, Cairo , Egypt
| | - Abdullah Al-Dhfyan
- h Stem Cell & Tissue Re-Engineering Program, Research Center , King Faisal Specialized Hospital & Research Center , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- i Department of Applied Organic Chemistry , National Research Center, Dokki , Giza , Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Abou-Seri SM, Eldehna WM, Ali MM, Abou El Ella DA. 1-Piperazinylphthalazines as potential VEGFR-2 inhibitors and anticancer agents: Synthesis and in vitro biological evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 107:165-79. [PMID: 26590508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
In our endeavor towards the development of effective VEGFR-2 inhibitors, three novel series of phthalazine derivatives based on 1-piperazinyl-4-arylphthalazine scaffold were synthesized. All the newly prepared phthalazines 16a-k, 18a-e and 21a-g were evaluated in vitro for their inhibitory activity against VEGFR-2. In particular, compounds 16k and 21d potently inhibited VEGFR-2 at sub-micromolar IC50 values 0.35 ± 0.03 and 0.40 ± 0.04 μM, respectively. Moreover, seventeen selected compounds 16c-e, 16g, 16h, 16j, 16k, 18c-e and 21a-g were evaluated for their in vitro anticancer activity according to US-NCI protocol, where compounds 16k and 21d proved to be the most potent anticancer agents. While, compound 16k exhibited potent broad spectrum anticancer activity with full panel GI50 (MG-MID) value of 3.62 μM, compound 21d showed high selectivity toward leukemia and prostate cancer subpanels [subpanel GI50 (MG-MID) 3.51 and 5.15 μM, respectively]. Molecular docking of compounds16k and 21d into VEGFR-2 active site was performed to explore their potential binding mode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sahar M Abou-Seri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, P.O. Box 11562, Egypt
| | - Wagdy M Eldehna
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City, Cairo, P.O. Box 11829, Egypt.
| | - Mamdouh M Ali
- Biochemistry Department, Division of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Dalal A Abou El Ella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Abbassia, P.O. Box 11566, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Eldehna WM, Ibrahim HS, Abdel-Aziz HA, Farrag NN, Youssef MM. Design, synthesis and in vitro antitumor activity of novel N-substituted-4-phenyl/benzylphthalazin-1-ones. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 89:549-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.10.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|