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Floroian L, Badea M. In Vivo Biocompatibility Study on Functional Nanostructures Containing Bioactive Glass and Plant Extracts for Implantology. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4249. [PMID: 38673834 PMCID: PMC11050673 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In this paper, the in vivo behavior of orthopedic implants covered with thin films obtained by matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation and containing bioactive glass, a polymer, and natural plant extract was evaluated. In vivo testing was performed by carrying out a study on guinea pigs who had coated metallic screws inserted in them and also controls, following the regulations of European laws regarding the use of animals in scientific studies. After 26 weeks from implantation, the guinea pigs were subjected to X-ray analyses to observe the evolution of osteointegration over time; the guinea pigs' blood was collected for the detection of enzymatic activity and to measure values for urea, creatinine, blood glucose, alkaline phosphatase, pancreatic amylase, total protein, and glutamate pyruvate transaminase to see the extent to which the body was affected by the introduction of the implant. Moreover, a histopathological assessment of the following vital organs was carried out: heart, brain, liver, and spleen. We also assessed implanted bone with adjacent tissue. Our studies did not find significant variations in biochemical and histological results compared to the control group or significant adverse effects caused by the implant coating in terms of tissue compatibility, inflammatory reactions, and systemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Floroian
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania, No. 1, Politehnicii St., 500031 Brașov, Romania
| | - Mihaela Badea
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Romania, No. 56, Nicolae Bălcescu St., 500019 Brașov, Romania;
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Avinashi SK, Shweta, Bohra B, Mishra RK, Kumari S, Fatima Z, Hussain A, Saxena B, Kumar S, Banerjee M, Gautam CR. Fabrication of Novel 3-D Nanocomposites of HAp-TiC-h-BN-ZrO 2: Enhanced Mechanical Performances and In Vivo Toxicity Study for Biomedical Applications. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:2116-2132. [PMID: 38498674 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Due to excellent biocompatibility, bioactivities, and osteoconductivity, hydroxyapatite (HAp) is considered as one of the most suitable biomaterials for numerous biomedical applications. Herein, HAp was fabricated using a bottom-up approach, i.e., a wet chemical method, and its composites with TiC, h-BN, and ZrO2 were fabricated by a solid-state reaction method with enhanced mechanical and biological performances. Structural, surface morphology, and mechanical behavior of the fabricated composites were characterized using various characterization techniques. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy study revealed a randomly oriented rod-like morphology, with the length and width of these nanorods ranging from 78 to 122 and from 9 to 13 nm. Moreover, the mechanical characterizations of the composite HZBT4 (80HAp-10TiC-5h-BN-5ZrO2) reveal a very high compressive strength (246 MPa), which is comparable to that of the steel (250 MPa), fracture toughness (14.78 MPa m1/2), and Young's modulus (1.02 GPa). In order to check the biocompatibility of the composites, numerous biological tests were also performed on different body organs of healthy adult Sprague-Dawley rats. This study suggests that the composite HZBT4 could not reveal any significant influence on the hematological, serum biochemical, and histopathological parameters. Hence, the fabricated composite can be used for several biological applications, such as bone implants, bone grafting, and bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvesh Kumar Avinashi
- Advanced Glass and Glass Ceramics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Shweta
- Advanced Glass and Glass Ceramics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Bhavna Bohra
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, S.G. Highway, Ahmedabad 382481, India
| | - Rajat Kumar Mishra
- Advanced Glass and Glass Ceramics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Savita Kumari
- Advanced Glass and Glass Ceramics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Zaireen Fatima
- Advanced Glass and Glass Ceramics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
- Department of Physics, Integral University, Lucknow 226026, India
| | - Ajaz Hussain
- Advanced Glass and Glass Ceramics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Bhagawati Saxena
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, S.G. Highway, Ahmedabad 382481, India
| | - Saurabh Kumar
- Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Monisha Banerjee
- Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
| | - Chandki Ram Gautam
- Advanced Glass and Glass Ceramics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow 226007, India
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Budiman A, Anastasya G, Handini AL, Lestari IN, Subra L, Aulifa DL. Characterization of Drug with Good Glass-Forming Ability Loaded Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles and Its Impact Toward in vitro and in vivo Studies. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:2199-2225. [PMID: 38465205 PMCID: PMC10924831 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s453873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Solid oral dosage forms are mostly preferred in pharmaceutical formulation development due to patient convenience, ease of product handling, high throughput, low manufacturing costs, with good physical and chemical stability. However, 70% of drug candidates have poor water solubility leading to compromised bioavailability. This phenomenon occurs because drug molecules are often absorbed after dissolving in gastrointestinal fluid. To address this limitation, delivery systems designed to improve the pharmacokinetics of drug molecules are needed to allow controlled release and target-specific delivery. Among various strategies, amorphous formulations show significantly high potential, particularly for molecules with solubility-limited dissolution rates. The ease of drug molecules to amorphized is known as their glass-forming ability (GFA). Specifically, drug molecules categorized into class III based on the Taylor classification have a low recrystallization tendency and high GFA after cooling, with substantial "glass stability" when heated. In the last decades, the application of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) as drug delivery systems (DDS) has gained significant attention in various investigations and the pharmaceutical industry. This is attributed to the unique physicochemical properties of MSNs, including high loading capacity, recrystallization inhibition, excellent biocompatibility, and easy functionalization. Therefore, this study aimed to discuss the current state of good glass former drug loaded mesoporous silica and shows its impact on the pharmaceutical properties including dissolution and physical stability, along with in vivo study. The results show the importance of determining whether mesoporous structures are needed in amorphous formulations to improve the pharmaceutical properties of drug with a favorable GFA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Budiman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Gracia Anastasya
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Annisa Luthfiyah Handini
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Ira Novianty Lestari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Laila Subra
- Department of Pharmacy, Universiti Geomatika Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Diah Lia Aulifa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia
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Jelínek P, Roušarová J, Ryšánek P, Ježková M, Havlůjová T, Pozniak J, Kozlík P, Křížek T, Kučera T, Šíma M, Slanař O, Šoóš M. Application of Oil-in-Water Cannabidiol Emulsion for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2024; 9:147-159. [PMID: 36342775 PMCID: PMC10874822 DOI: 10.1089/can.2022.0176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease with unknown cause. It mainly affects joints and, without proper treatment, negatively impacts their movement, causes painful deformities, and reduces the patients' quality of life. Current treatment options consist of various types of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), however 20-30% of patients are partially resistant to them. Therefore, development of new drugs is necessary. Possible option are compounds exhibiting their action via endocannabinoid system, which plays an important role in pain and inflammation modulation. One such compound - cannabidiol (CBD) has already been shown to attenuate synovitis in animal model of RA in in vivo studies. However, it has low bioavailability due to its low water solubility and lipophilicity. This issue can be addressed by preparation of a lipid containing formulation targeting lymphatic system, another route of absorption in the body. Materials and Methods: CBD-containing emulsion was prepared by high-shear homogenization and its droplet size distribution was analysed by optical microscopy. The relative oral bioavailability compared to oil solution as well as total availability of CBD were assessed in a cross-over study in rats and absorption of CBD via lymphatic system was observed. The effect of CBD on the animal model of RA was determined. Results: Compared to oil solution, the emulsion exhibited higher absolute oral bioavailability. Significant lymphatic transport of CBD was observed in all formulations and the concentrations in lymph were calculated. The therapeutic effect of CBD on RA was confirmed as an improvement in clinical symptoms as well as morphological signs of disease activity were observed during the study. Conclusion: In this work, we prepared a simple stable emulsion formulation, determined the pharmacokinetic parameters of CBD and calculated its absolute bioavailability in rats. Moreover, we successfully tested the pharmaceutical application of such a formulation and demonstrated the positive effect of CBD in an animal model of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Jelínek
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslava Roušarová
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Ryšánek
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martina Ježková
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Havlůjová
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Pozniak
- Third Department of Surgery, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Kozlík
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Křížek
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Kučera
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Šíma
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Slanař
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Šoóš
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czech Republic
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Tzakri T, Rehenbrock L, Senekowitsch S, Rump A, Schick P, Krause J, Kromrey ML, Grimm M, Weitschies W. Determination of Gastric Water Emptying in Fasted and Fed State Conditions Using a Compression-Coated Tablet and Salivary Caffeine Kinetics. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2584. [PMID: 38004563 PMCID: PMC10674960 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Because of the importance of gastric emptying for pharmacokinetics, numerous methods have been developed for its determination. One of the methods is the salivary tracer technique, which utilizes an ice capsule containing caffeine as a salivary tracer. Despite the ice capsule's advantage in labeling ingested fluids with caffeine for subsequent salivary detection, its risk of premature melting before swallowing, and its complicated storage and preparation, limit its application, particularly in special populations (e.g., older people). For this reason, here, a compression-coated tablet was developed and validated against the ice capsule in a cross-over clinical trial. The two dosage forms were administered simultaneously to 12 volunteers in an upright position under fasted and fed state conditions. To distinguish the caffeine concentrations in saliva from each dosage form, regular type of caffeine (12C) was added to the tablet, while for the ice capsule 13C3 labelled caffeine was used. The salivary caffeine concentrations showed no statistically significant differences for the pharmacokinetic parameters tmax and AUC0→60 (p > 0.05). Thus, the new formulation is a useful tool for determining gastric emptying that can also be used in special populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodora Tzakri
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lara Rehenbrock
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Senekowitsch
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Adrian Rump
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Philipp Schick
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julius Krause
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marie-Luise Kromrey
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Str., 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Grimm
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Werner Weitschies
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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Rehan T, Tahir A, Sultan A, Alabbosh KF, Waseem S, Ul-Islam M, Khan KA, Ibrahim EH, Ullah MW, Shah N. Mitigation of Benzene-Induced Haematotoxicity in Sprague Dawley Rats through Plant-Extract-Loaded Silica Nanobeads. Toxics 2023; 11:865. [PMID: 37888715 PMCID: PMC10610980 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Benzene, a potent carcinogen, is known to cause acute myeloid leukaemia. While chemotherapy is commonly used for cancer treatment, its side effects have prompted scientists to explore natural products that can mitigate the haematotoxic effects induced by chemicals. One area of interest is nano-theragnostics, which aims to enhance the therapeutic potential of natural products. This study aimed to enhance the effects of methanolic extracts from Ocimum basilicum, Rosemarinus officinalis, and Thymus vulgaris by loading them onto silica nanobeads (SNBs) for targeted delivery to mitigate the benzene-induced haematotoxic effects. The SNBs, 48 nm in diameter, were prepared using a chemical method and were then loaded with the plant extracts. The plant-extract-loaded SNBs were then coated with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The modified SNBs were characterized using various techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The developed plant-extract-loaded and CMC-modified SNBs were administered intravenously to benzene-exposed rats, and haematological and histopathological profiling was conducted. Rats exposed to benzene showed increased liver and spleen weight, which was mitigated by the plant-extract-loaded SNBs. The differential white blood cell (WBC) count was higher in rats with benzene-induced haematotoxicity, but this count decreased significantly in rats treated with plant-extract-loaded SNBs. Additionally, blast cells observed in benzene-exposed rats were not found in rats treated with plant-extract-loaded SNBs. The SNBs facilitated targeted drug delivery of the three selected medicinal herbs at low doses. These results suggest that SNBs have promising potential as targeted drug delivery agents to mitigate haematotoxic effects induced by benzene in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touseef Rehan
- Department of Biochemistry, Women University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Anum Tahir
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Aneesa Sultan
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | | | - Shahid Waseem
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Ul-Islam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dhofar University, Salalah 211, Oman
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Research Center for
Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), Applied College, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam H. Ibrahim
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Blood Products Quality Control and Research Department, National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals, Cairo 12611, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Wajid Ullah
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Nasrullah Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
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Ezzat MAF, Abdelhamid SM, Fouad MA, Abdel-Aziz HA, Allam HA. Design, synthesis, in vitro, and in vivo evaluation of novel phthalazinone-based derivatives as promising acetylcholinesterase inhibitors for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Drug Dev Res 2023; 84:1231-1246. [PMID: 37243322 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Twenty novel phthalazinone-based compounds were designed as acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) inhibitors. Compounds 7e and 17c demonstrated comparable or superior activity compared to donepezil, respectively, in in vitro enzyme assay. Moreover, both compounds 7e and 17c possess minimal toxicity on hepatic and neuroblastoma cell lines. Besides, it was proved that compounds 7e and 17c have percentage alternations and a transfer latency time comparable to donepezil and can alleviate the cognitive impairment caused by the scopolamine-induced model in mice. The kinetic analysis for compound 17c suggested this compound as a mixed-type inhibitor that could bind to both the peripheral (PAS) and the catalytic site (CAS) of the hAChE enzyme. The synthesized molecules were subjected to in silico analyses, including molecular docking studies, and the outcomes were consistent with the in vitro findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marwa A Fouad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hatem A Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Applied Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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Chelleng N, Begum T, Dutta PP, Chetia P, Sen S, Dey BK, Talukdar NC, Tamuly C. Antidiabetic potential of Amomum dealbatum Roxb. flower and isolation of three bioactive compounds with molecular docking and in vivo study. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-6. [PMID: 37585696 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2245115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Amomum dealbatum Roxb. parts have been traditionally used as remedies for joint pain, diabetes, muscular rheumatism, antiseptic, and abscesses in Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, and Tripura. Ethyl acetate sub-fraction E3 had significantly inhibited the α-glucosidase (IC50 5.385 μg/mL). The molecular docking revealed quercetin-3-O-galactoside to be the most potent α-glucosidase inhibitor (binding energy -43.214 kcal/mol). Using the QSAR model, the pIC50 values of myricetin, gallic acid, quercetin-3-O-galactoside, and acarbose were predicted to be 5.65235, 4.39858, 5.65235, and 6.03058, respectively. For the first time, quercetin-3-O-galactoside, myricetin, and gallic acid have been isolated from the flowers of A. dealbatum (ADF). E3 decreased blood glucose level to a near-normal concentration (100.60 ± 2.94 mg/dL) in comparison to diabetic control rats (575.20 ± 24.80 mg/dL). The results have strongly suggested the potential of ADF in treating diabetes. This lesser-known plant has the potential to uncover its full medicinal properties through further in-depth research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilamoni Chelleng
- Natural Product Chemistry Section, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Naharlagun, Arunachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Tanjila Begum
- Natural Product Chemistry Section, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Naharlagun, Arunachal Pradesh, India
| | | | - Pankaj Chetia
- Department of Life Sciences, Dibrugarh University, Dibrugarh, India
| | - Saikat Sen
- Assam down town University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | | | | | - Chandan Tamuly
- Natural Product Chemistry Section, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Naharlagun, Arunachal Pradesh, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
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Pal G, Mishra HP, Suvvari TK, Tanwar A, Ghosh T, Verma P, Pal A, Patial K, Mahapatra C, Amanullah NA, Shukoor SA, Kamal S, Rohil V. Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats Under Acute Restraint Stress and Its Modulation by Antioxidants and Nitric Oxide Modulators. Cureus 2023; 15:e43333. [PMID: 37701013 PMCID: PMC10493075 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.43333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several pathogenic conditions leading to morbidity, including cancer, aging, diabetes, reperfusion injury, cardiovascular disease, and neurological disorders, are known to be exacerbated by oxidative stress. Antioxidant therapy is effective in the treatment of such disorders and appears to be a potential therapeutic technique to reduce oxidative stress. The aim of our study is to investigate the antioxidant effects of L-ascorbic acid and nitric oxide (NO) modulators on rats suffering from oxidative stress induced by acute restraint stress (RSx1). METHODOLOGY In this in vivo study, Wistar rats were subjected to one hour of restraint stress on day 21 to induce oxidative stress. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase, glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were used to assess the antioxidant effects. IBM Corp. Released 2013. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. was used for data analysis. RESULTS Compared to vehicle groups, acute restraint stress (RSx1) dramatically increased MDA levels while decreasing GSH, SOD, total antioxidant capacity, and catalase. L-NAME, 7-NI, AG (50 mg/kg each), and L-ascorbic acid (200 mg/kg) reversed the changes in SOD, MDA, GSH, total antioxidant capacity, and catalase levels. The NO precursor L-arginine (1000 mg/kg) and NO synthase inhibitors followed the same trend. CONCLUSION Our study findings highlight the complex role of antioxidants and NO modulators in the pathogenesis of diseases, as evidenced by the reversal of oxidative stress indicators. Antioxidant therapy, with its potential to mitigate oxidative stress, emerges as a viable treatment option for a range of pathological conditions associated with oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giridhari Pal
- Pharmacology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, IND
| | - Hara Prasad Mishra
- Clinical Trial, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, IND
- Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College of Medical Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, IND
| | - Tarun Kumar Suvvari
- Medicine and Surgery, Squad Medicine and Research (SMR), Visakhapatnam, IND
- General Medicine, Rangaraya Medical College, Kakinada, IND
| | - Anshul Tanwar
- Pharmacology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, IND
| | - Tamoghna Ghosh
- Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, IND
| | - Pankaj Verma
- Pharmacology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, IND
| | - Abhilasha Pal
- Zoology, Miranda House, University of Delhi, Delhi, IND
| | - Kuldeep Patial
- Sleep Medicine Division, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, IND
| | | | - Nidhal A Amanullah
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Sree Ramakrishna Mission Hospital, Thiruvananthapuram, IND
| | - Sara A Shukoor
- Psychiatry, Government Medical College Trivandrum, Trivandrum, IND
| | - Sibin Kamal
- Pain and Palliative Medicine, IQRAA International Hospital & Research Centre, Kandhla, IND
| | - Vishwajeet Rohil
- Biochemistry, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, IND
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Lim DW, Yoo G, Lee C. Dried Loquat Fruit Extract Containing Chlorogenic Acid Prevents Depressive-like Behaviors Induced by Repeated Corticosteroid Injections in Mice. Molecules 2023; 28:5612. [PMID: 37513484 PMCID: PMC10385307 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Eriobotrya japonica (loquat tree) has been used in traditional medicine to treat respiratory ailments, inflammation, and skin diseases; however, its potential antidepressant-like effects have not been extensively investigated. In this study, we evaluated the antidepressant-like effects of E. japonica fruit extract (EJFE) in a mouse model of corticosterone (CORT)-induced depression. An HPLC analysis revealed that chlorogenic acid (CGA) is the major compound in EJFE. Male ICR mice (5weeks-old) were injected with CORT (40 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) once daily for 21 days to induce depressive-like behaviors. Various behavioral tests, including the open field test, rotarod test, elevated plus maze (EPM), passive avoidance test (PAT), tail suspension test (TST), and forced swim test (FST), were conducted 1 h after the oral administration of EJFE at different doses (30, 100, and 300 mg/kg) and CGA (30 mg/kg). High-dose EJFE and CGA significantly alleviated CORT-induced depressive-like behaviors, as indicated by the reduced immobility times in the TST and FST. A decrease in the step-through latency time in the PAT, without an effect on locomotor activity, suggested an improvement in cognitive function. Moreover, EJFE- and CGA-treated mice exhibited significantly reduced anxiety-like behaviors in the EPM. Our results imply the promising potential of EJFE containing CGA as a therapeutic candidate for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Wook Lim
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Guijae Yoo
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Changho Lee
- Division of Functional Food Research, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju 55365, Republic of Korea
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Theodorou IG, Mpekris F, Papagiorgis P, Panagi M, Kalli M, Potamiti L, Kyriacou K, Itskos G, Stylianopoulos T. Gold Nanobipyramids for Near-Infrared Fluorescence-Enhanced Imaging and Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3693. [PMID: 37509354 PMCID: PMC10378199 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
There is an imminent need for novel strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of aggressive triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Cell-targeted multifunctional nanomaterials hold great potential, as they can combine precise early-stage diagnosis with local therapeutic delivery to specific cell types. In this study, we used mesoporous silica (MS)-coated gold nanobipyramids (MS-AuNBPs) for fluorescence imaging in the near-infrared (NIR) biological window, along with targeted TNBC treatment. Our MS-AuNBPs, acting partly as light amplification components, allow considerable metal-enhanced fluorescence for a NIR dye conjugated to their surfaces compared to the free dye. Fluorescence analysis confirms a significant increase in the dye's modified quantum yield, indicating that MS-AuNBPs can considerably increase the brightness of low-quantum-yield NIR dyes. Meanwhile, we tested the chemotherapeutic efficacy of MS-AuNBPs in TNBC following the loading of doxorubicin within the MS pores and functionalization to target folate receptor alpha (FRα)-positive cells. We show that functionalized particles target FRα-positive cells with significant specificity and have a higher potency than free doxorubicin. Finally, we demonstrate that FRα-targeted particles induce stronger antitumor effects and prolong overall survival compared to the clinically applied non-targeted nanotherapy, Doxil. Together with their excellent biocompatibility measured in vitro, this study shows that MS-AuNBPs are promising tools to detect and treat TNBCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis G Theodorou
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus
| | - Fotios Mpekris
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus
| | - Paris Papagiorgis
- Experimental Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus
| | - Myrofora Panagi
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus
| | - Maria Kalli
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus
| | - Louiza Potamiti
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics and Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus
| | - Kyriacos Kyriacou
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics and Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus
| | - Grigorios Itskos
- Experimental Condensed Matter Physics Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus
| | - Triantafyllos Stylianopoulos
- Cancer Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus
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12
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Abdel-Bakky MS, Aldakhili ASA, Ali HM, Babiker AY, Alhowail AH, Mohammed SAA. Evaluation of Cisplatin-Induced Acute Renal Failure Amelioration Using Fondaparinux and Alteplase. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:910. [PMID: 37513824 PMCID: PMC10383028 DOI: 10.3390/ph16070910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute renal failure (ARF) is a deleterious condition with increased mortality or healthcare costs or dialysis-dependent end-stage renal disease. The study aims to compare prophylaxis with fondaparinux (Fund) vs. treatment with alteplase (Alt) in ameliorating cisplatin (Cis)-induced ARF. Sixty male mice were equally divided randomly into six groups of control, Cis, Alt, and Cis + Alt groups receiving normal saline for 10 days. All four groups except for the control received Cis (30 mg/kg, i.p.) on day 7, and 6 h later, both the Alt groups received Alt (0.9 mg/kg, i.v.). The animal groups Fund and Fund + Cis received Fund (5 mg/kg, i.p.) for 10 days, and the Fund + Cis group on day 7 received Cis. All the animal groups were euthanized 72 h after the Cis dose. The Fund + Cis group showed significantly increased expression levels of platelet count, retinoid X receptor alpha (RXR-α) and phosphorylated Akt (p-Akt) in addition to decreased levels of urea, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), uric acid, white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), relative kidney body weight, kidney injury score, glucose, prothrombin (PT), A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinases-10 (ADAM10), extracellular matrix deposition, protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2), and fibrinogen expression when compared to the Cis-only group. Meanwhile, the Cis + Alt group showed increased caspase-3 expression in addition to decreased levels of urea, BUN, uric acid, WBCs, RBCs, glucose, platelet count and PT expression with a marked decrease in PAR-2 protein expression compared to the Cis group. The creatinine levels for both the Fund + Cis and Cis + Alt groups were found to be comparable to those of the Cis-only group. The results demonstrate that the coagulation system's activation through the stimulation of PAR-2 and fibrinogen due to Cis-induced ADAM10 protein expression mediated the apoptotic pathway, as indicated by caspase-3 expression through the p-Akt pathway. This is normally accompanied by the loss of RXR-α distal and proximal tubules as lipid droplets. When the animals were pre-treated with the anticoagulant, Fund, the previous deleterious effect was halted while the fibrinolytic agent, Alt, most of the time failed to treat Cis-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Abdel-Bakky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Anas S A Aldakhili
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussein M Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Ali Y Babiker
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad H Alhowail
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salman A A Mohammed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
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Gaber DA, Alsubaiyel AM, Alabdulrahim AK, Alharbi HZ, Aldubaikhy RM, Alharbi RS, Albishr WK, Mohamed HA. Nano-Emulsion Based Gel for Topical Delivery of an Anti-Inflammatory Drug: In vitro and in vivo Evaluation. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:1435-1451. [PMID: 37216175 PMCID: PMC10198277 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s407475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Arthritic disorder is a common disease in elderly patients and the most common cause of joint dysfunction. This study aims to design Piroxicam-loaded nanoemulsion (PXM-NE) formulations to enhance the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of the drug for topical use. Methods The nanoemulsion preparations were designed based on a high-pressure homogenization technique and were characterized for particle size (PS), poly dispersity index (Pi), zeta potential (ZP), drug content, and the selected formula was investigated for its topical analgesic activity and pharmacokinetic parameters. Results The characterizations showed that the PS was 310.20±19.84 nm, Pi was 0.15±0.02, and ZP was -15.74±1.6 mV for the selected formula. A morphology study showed that the PXM-NE droplets were spherical with a uniform size distribution. The in vitro release study showed a biphasic release pattern with a rapid release within the first 2 hours followed by a sustained release pattern. The analgesic activity for optimal formula was 1.66 times higher than the commercial gel with a double duration of analgesic activity. The Cmax was 45.73±9.95 and 28.48±6.44 ng/mL for the gel form of the selected formula and the commercial gel respectively. The relevant bioavailability of the selected formula was 2.41 higher than the commercial gel. Conclusion The results showed good physicochemical properties, higher bioavailability, and a longer analgesic effect of PXM from nanoemulsion gel, as compared to the commercial product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia A Gaber
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal M Alsubaiyel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Hanan Z Alharbi
- College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rama M Aldubaikhy
- College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan S Alharbi
- College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wades K Albishr
- College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraidah, 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba A Mohamed
- Department of Organic Chemistry, National Research Center, Giza, Egypt
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14
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Senekowitsch S, Foja C, Wildgrube T, Schick P, Rosenbaum C, Krause J, Brokmann F, Kromrey ML, Engeli S, Weitschies W, Grimm M. Intragastric Carbon Dioxide Release Prolongs the Gastric Residence Time of Postprandially Administered Caffeine. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15031012. [PMID: 36986872 PMCID: PMC10056953 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15031012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sparkling water is said to increase gastric motility by the release of carbon dioxide, thereby potentially affecting the pharmacokinetics of orally administered drugs. The hypothesis of the present work was that the induction of gastric motility by intragastric release of carbon dioxide from effervescent granules could promote the mixing of drugs into the chyme under postprandial conditions, resulting in a prolonged drug absorption. For this purpose, an effervescent and a non-effervescent granule formulation of caffeine as a marker for gastric emptying were developed. In a three-way crossover study with twelve healthy volunteers, the salivary caffeine pharmacokinetics, after administration of the effervescent granules with still water and the administration of the non-effervescent granules with still and sparkling water, were investigated after intake of a standard meal. While the administration of the effervescent granules with 240 mL of still water led to a significantly prolonged gastric residence of the substance compared to the administration of the non-effervescent granules with 240 mL still water, the application of the non-effervescent granules with 240 mL sparkling water did not prolong gastric residence via mixing into caloric chyme. Overall, the mixing of caffeine into the chyme following the administration of the effervescent granules did not seem to be a motility mediated process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Senekowitsch
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Constantin Foja
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Toni Wildgrube
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Philipp Schick
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christoph Rosenbaum
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julius Krause
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Friederike Brokmann
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Marie-Luise Kromrey
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Engeli
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University Medicine Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Werner Weitschies
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Michael Grimm
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport (C_DAT), University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17487 Greifswald, Germany
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15
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García-Nicolás M, Pastor-Belda M, Campillo N, Rodríguez-Sojo MJ, Ruiz-Malagón AJ, Hidalgo-García L, Abad P, de la Torre JM, Guillamón E, Baños A, Gálvez J, Viñas P, Arroyo-Manzanares N. Analytical Platform for the Study of Metabolic Pathway of Propyl Propane Thiosulfonate (PTSO) from Allium spp. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040823. [PMID: 36832898 PMCID: PMC9957255 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The present work is focused on the development of an analytical platform to elucidate the metabolic pathway of PTSO from onion, an organosulfur compound well-known for its functional and technological properties and its potential application in animal and human nutrition. This analytical platform consisted of the use of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole with time-of-flight MS (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) in order to monitor volatile and non-volatile compounds derived from the PTSO. For the extraction of the compounds of interest, two different sample treatments were developed: liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction (SALLE) for GC-MS and UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis, respectively. Once the analytical platform was optimised and validated, an in vivo study was planned to elucidate PTSO metabolisation, revealing the presence of dipropyl disulfide (DPDS) in liver samples with concentrations between 0.11 and 0.61 µg g-1. The DPDS maximum concentration in the liver was observed at 0.5 h after the intake. DPDS was also present in all plasma samples with concentrations between 2.1 and 2.4 µg mL-1. In regard to PTSO, it was only found in plasma at times above 5 h (0.18 µg mL-1). Both PTSO and DPDS were excreted via urine 24 h after ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- María García-Nicolás
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Pastor-Belda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Natalia Campillo
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - María Jesús Rodríguez-Sojo
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Jesús Ruiz-Malagón
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Laura Hidalgo-García
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Paloma Abad
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Manuel de la Torre
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry, Campus of Lagunillas, Universidad de Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
| | - Enrique Guillamón
- Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, Fuente Nueva s/n, E-19071 Granada, Spain
| | - Alberto Baños
- Department of Microbiology, University of Granada, Fuente Nueva s/n, E-19071 Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Gálvez
- Department of Pharmacology, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (ibs. GRANADA), Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Pilar Viñas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Natalia Arroyo-Manzanares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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16
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Mele E. Electrospinning of honey and propolis for wound care. Biotechnol Bioeng 2023; 120:1229-1240. [PMID: 36733220 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemicals and naturally derived compounds, such as plant extracts and bee products, are regarded as complementary and alternative medicines for the treatment of skin wounds, due to their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. In recent years, it has been shown that dressings impregnated with honey (particularly Manuka honey) are effective for the topical treatment of wounds and burns, and some of them are currently used in clinics. This has stimulated the development of more advanced dressings based on polymeric nanofibres that can release honey and other bee products (like propolis) to promote wound healing. In this review, the current literature on the electrospinning of honey and propolis is analyzed and the effectiveness of the resulting dressings to inhibit bacterial growth and stimulate cellular proliferation and tissue repair is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Mele
- Materials Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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17
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Wiessner A, Wassmann T, Wiessner JM, Schubert A, Wiechens B, Hampe T, Bürgers R. In Vivo Biofilm Formation on Novel PEEK, Titanium, and Zirconia Implant Abutment Materials. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021779. [PMID: 36675292 PMCID: PMC9865206 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The formation of biofilms on the surface of dental implants and abutment materials may lead to peri-implantitis and subsequent implant failure. Recently, innovative materials such as polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) and its modifications have been used as abutment materials. However, there is limited knowledge on microbial adhesion to PEEK materials. The aim of this in vivo study was to investigate biofilm formation on the surface of conventional (titanium and zirconia) and PEEK implant abutment materials. Split specimens of titanium, zirconia, PEEK, and modified PEEK (PEEK-BioHPP) were manufactured, mounted in individual removable acrylic upper jaw splints, and worn by 20 healthy volunteers for 24 h. The surface roughness was determined using widefield confocal microscopy. Biofilm accumulation was investigated by fluorescence microscopy and quantified by imaging software. The surface roughness of the investigated materials was <0.2 µm and showed no significant differences between the materials. Zirconia showed the lowest biofilm formation, followed by titanium, PEEK, and PEEK-BioHPP. Differences were significant (p < 0.001) between the investigated materials, except for the polyether-ether-ketones. Generally, biofilm formation was significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the posterior region of the oral cavity than in the anterior region. The results of the present study show a material-dependent susceptibility to biofilm formation. The risk of developing peri-implantitis may be reduced by a specific choice of abutment material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wiessner
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Torsten Wassmann
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Johanna Maria Wiessner
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Andrea Schubert
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wiechens
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tristan Hampe
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Bürgers
- Department of Prosthodontics, University Medical Center Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
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18
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Resino-Ruiz D, Gonzalez-Madariaga Y, Nieto L, Linares YM, León JOG, Martín AV, Díaz AV, Torrens F, Castillo-Garit JA. Anti-inflammatory Activity: In silico and In vivo of Sapogenins Present in Agave brittoniana subsp. brachypus (Trel.). Antiinflamm Antiallergy Agents Med Chem 2023; 22:42-48. [PMID: 37114792 DOI: 10.2174/1871523022666230419103027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agave brittoniana subsp. brachypus is an endemic plant of Cuba, which contains different steroidal sapogenins with anti-inflammatory effects. This work aims to develop computational models which allow the identification of new chemical compounds with potential anti-inflammatory activity. METHODS The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated in two rat models: carrageenaninduced paw edema and cotton pellet-induced granuloma. In each study, we used 30 Sprague Dawley male rats divided into five groups containing six animals. The products isolated and administrated were fraction rich in yuccagenin and sapogenins crude. RESULTS The obtained model, based on a classification tree, showed an accuracy value of 86.97% for the training set. Seven compounds (saponins and sapogenins) were identified as potential antiinflammatory agents in the virtual screening. According to in vivo studies, the yuccagenin-rich fraction was the greater inhibitor of the evaluated product from Agave. CONCLUSION The evaluated metabolites of the Agave brittoniana subsp. Brachypus showed an interesting anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayana Resino-Ruiz
- Unidad de Toxicología Experimental, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara, Santa Clara, 50200, Villa Clara, Cuba
| | - Yisel Gonzalez-Madariaga
- Unidad de Toxicología Experimental, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara, Santa Clara, 50200, Villa Clara, Cuba
| | - Leisy Nieto
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Química-Farmacia, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas, Santa Clara, 54830, Villa Clara, Cuba
| | - Yilka Mena Linares
- Unidad de Toxicología Experimental, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara, Santa Clara, 50200, Villa Clara, Cuba
| | - Jose Orestes Guerra León
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Química-Farmacia, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas, Santa Clara, 54830, Villa Clara, Cuba
| | - Arlena Vázquez Martín
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Química-Farmacia, Universidad Central "Marta Abreu" de Las Villas, Santa Clara, 54830, Villa Clara, Cuba
| | - Arianna Valido Díaz
- Unidad de Toxicología Experimental, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara, Santa Clara, 50200, Villa Clara, Cuba
| | - Francisco Torrens
- Institut Universitari de Ciència Molecular, Universitat de València, Edifici d'Instituts de Paterna, P.O. Box 22085, E-46071, València, Spain
| | - Juan A Castillo-Garit
- Unidad de Toxicología Experimental, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Villa Clara, Santa Clara, 50200, Villa Clara, Cuba
- Institut Universitari de Ciència Molecular, Universitat de València, Edifici d'Instituts de Paterna, P.O. Box 22085, E-46071, València, Spain
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Kapała A, Szlendak M, Motacka E. The Anti-Cancer Activity of Lycopene: A Systematic Review of Human and Animal Studies. Nutrients 2022; 14. [PMID: 36501182 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Lycopene is a nutraceutical with health-promoting and anti-cancer activities, but due to a lack of evidence, there are no recommendations regarding its use and dosage. This review aimed to evaluate the benefits of lycopene supplementation in cancer prevention and treatment based on the results of in vivo studies. We identified 72 human and animal studies that were then analysed for endpoints such as cancer incidence, improvement in treatment outcomes, and the mechanisms of lycopene action. We concluded that the results of most of the reviewed in vivo studies confirmed the anti-cancer activities of lycopene. Most of the studies concerned prostate cancer, reflecting the number of in vitro studies. The reported mechanisms of lycopene action in vivo included regulation of oxidative and inflammatory processes, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of cell division, angiogenesis, and metastasis formation. The predominance of particular mechanisms seemed to depend on tumour organ localisation and the local storage capacity of lycopene. Finally, there is a need to look for predictive factors to identify a population that may benefit from lycopene supplementation. The potential candidates appear to be race, single nucleotide polymorphisms in carotene-cleaving enzymes, some genetic abbreviations, and insulin-like growth factor-dependent and inflammatory diseases.
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Sonker P, Singh M, Nidhar M, Sharma VP, Yadav P, Singh R, Koch B, Tewari AK. Novel pyrimido-pyridazine derivatives: design, synthesis, anticancer evaluation and in silico studies. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1693-704. [PMID: 36533662 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: A novel pyrimido-pyridazine derivative for developing anticancer agents was synthesized via Ullmann arylation using an efficient Cu(OAc)2 catalyst. Materials & methods: Compounds were investigated for their anticancer potential, against human breast adenocarcinoma cells, viz. MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and normal cell line HEK-293. Further, an in vivo study was conducted on lymphoma-bearing mice while in silico analysis was carried out for molecular interactions. Results: Compound 2b displayed significant antitumor activity towards MDA-MB-231 cells through induction of apoptosis and arresting cells in S-phase in vitro, while it significantly increased the lifespan and reduced tumor growth in vivo. An in silico study revealed potent tyrosine-protein kinase inhibitors. Conclusion: Taken together the molecule has the potential to become an effective therapeutic treatment for breast cancer.
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Jiménez-Holguín J, Arcos D, Lozano D, Saiz-Pardo M, de Pablo D, Ortega L, Enciso S, Fernández-Tomé B, Díaz-Güemes I, Sánchez-Margallo FM, Casarrubios L, Portolés MT, Vallet-Regí M. In Vitro and In Vivo Response of Zinc-Containing Mesoporous Bioactive Glasses in a Sheep Animal Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36430396 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc-enriched mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) are bioceramics with potential antibacterial and osteogenic properties. However, few assays have been performed to study these properties in animal models. In this study, MBGs enriched with up to 5% ZnO were synthesized, physicochemically characterized, and evaluated for their osteogenic activity both in vitro and in vivo. The ZnO MBGs showed excellent textural properties despite ZnO incorporation. However, the release of Zn2+ ions inhibited the mineralization process when immersed in simulated body fluid. In vitro assays showed significantly higher values of viability and expression of early markers of cell differentiation and angiogenesis in a ZnO-content-dependent manner. The next step was to study the osteogenic potential in a sheep bone defect model. Despite their excellent textural properties and cellular response in vitro, the ZnO MBGs were not able to integrate into the bone tissue, which can be explained in terms of inhibition of the mineralization process caused by Zn2+ ions. This work highlights the need to develop nanostructured materials for bone regeneration that can mineralize to interact with bone tissue and induce the processes of implant acceptance, cell colonization by osteogenic cells, and regeneration of lost bone tissue.
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Md. Shahazul Islam, Rajib Hossain, Taukir Ahmed, Md. Mizanur Rahaman, Khattab Al-Khafaji, Rasel Ahmed Khan, Chandan Sarkar, Mehedi Hasan Bappi, Edlane Martins de Andrade, Isaac Moura Araújo, Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho, Grażyna Kowalska, Radosław Kowalski, Muhammad Asif Hanif, Muhammad Torequl Islam. Anxiolytic-like Effect of Quercetin Possibly through GABA Receptor Interaction Pathway: In Vivo and In Silico Studies. Molecules 2022; 27:7149. [PMID: 36363979 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientific evidence suggests that quercetin (QUR) has anxiolytic-like effects in experimental animals. However, the mechanism of action responsible for its anxiolytic-like effects is yet to be discovered. The goal of this research is to assess QUR's anxiolytic effects in mouse models to explicate the possible mechanism of action. After acute intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment with QUR at a dose of 50 mg/kg (i.p.), behavioral models of open-field, hole board, swing box, and light-dark tests were performed. QUR was combined with a GABAergic agonist (diazepam) and/or antagonist (flumazenil) group. Furthermore, in silico analysis was also conducted to observe the interaction of QUR and GABA (α5), GABA (β1), and GABA (β2) receptors. In the experimental animal model, QUR had an anxiolytic-like effect. QUR, when combined with diazepam (2 mg/kg, i.p.), drastically potentiated an anxiolytic effect of diazepam. QUR is a more highly competitive ligand for the benzodiazepine recognition site that can displace flumazenil (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.). In all the test models, QUR acted similar to diazepam, with enhanced effects of the standard anxiolytic drug, which were reversed by pre-treatment with flumazenil. QUR showed the best interaction with the GABA (α5) receptor compared to the GABA (β1) and GABA (β2) receptors. In conclusion, QUR may exert an anxiolytic-like effect on mice, probably through the GABA-receptor-interacting pathway.
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Hussain H, Ahmad S, Shah SWA, Ullah A, Rahman SU, Ahmad M, Almehmadi M, Abdulaziz O, Allahyani M, Alsaiari AA, Halawi M, Alamer E. Synthetic Mono-Carbonyl Curcumin Analogues Attenuate Oxidative Stress in Mouse Models. Biomedicines 2022; 10. [PMID: 36289859 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease is the commonest form of dementia associated with short-term memory loss and impaired cognition and, worldwide, it is a growing health issue. A number of therapeutic strategies have been studied to design and develop an effective anti-Alzheimer drug. Curcumin has a wide spectrum of biological properties. In this regard, the antioxidant potentials of mono-carbonyl curcumin analogues (h1−h5) were investigated using in vitro antioxidant assays and hippocampal-based in vivo mouse models such as light−dark box, hole board, and Y-maze tests. In the in vitro assay, mono-carbonyl curcumin analogues h2 and h3 with methoxy and chloro-substituents, respectively, showed promising 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazo-line-6-sulfonate (ABTS) free radical scavenging activities. In the in vivo studies, scopolamine administration significantly (p < 0.001) induced oxidative stress and memory impairment in mice, in comparison to the normal control group. The pretreatment with mono-carbonyl curcumin analogues, specifically h2 and h3, significantly decreased (123.71 ± 15.23 s (p < 0.001), n = 8; 156.53 ± 14.13 s (p < 0.001), n = 8) the duration of time spent in the light chamber and significantly enhanced (253.95 ± 19.05 s (p < 0.001), n = 8, and 239.57 ± 9.98 s (p < 0.001), n = 8) the time spent in the dark compartment in the light−dark box arena. The numbers of hole pokings were significantly (p < 0.001, n = 8) enhanced in the hole board test and substantially increased the percent spontaneous alternation performance (SAP %) in the Y-maze mouse models in comparison to the stress control group. In the biomarker analysis, the significant reduction in the lipid peroxidation (MDA) level and enhanced catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione (GSH) activities in the brain hippocampus reveal their antioxidant and memory enhancing potentials. However, further research is needed to find out the appropriate mechanism of reducing oxidative stress in pathological models.
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Hussain H, Ahmad S, Shah SWA, Ullah A, Almehmadi M, Abdulaziz O, Allahyani M, Alsaiari AA, Halawi M, Alamer E. Investigation of Antistress and Antidepressant Activities of Synthetic Curcumin Analogues: Behavioral and Biomarker Approach. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2385. [PMID: 36289646 PMCID: PMC9598253 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is a serious psychiatric disorder that affects millions of individuals all over the world, thus demanding special attention from researchers in order to investigate its effective remedies. Curcumin, along with its synthetic derivatives, is recognized for its incredible pharmacological activities. In this study, methyl, methoxy and chloro-substituent synthetic curcumin analogues C1-C3 were respectively tested for free radical-scavenging activity. Behavioral studies were performed using chemical-induced and swimming endurance tests as stress models, and forced swim tests (FSTs) and tail suspension tests (TSTs) as depression mice models. Biochemical examinations were performed after a scopolamine-induced stress model by decapitating the mice, and brain tissues were isolated for biochemical assessment of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA). The curcumin analogue C2 exhibited higher DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazo-line-6-sulphonate) free radical-scavenging potential, having IC50 values of 45.18 µg/mL and 62.31 µg/mL, respectively, in comparison with reference curcumin and tocopherol. In the chemical-induced test, C2 (80.17%), C3 (72.79%) and C1 (51.85%) revealed higher antistress responses by significantly reducing the number of writhes, whereas the immobility time was significantly reduced by C2 and C3 in the swimming endurance test, indicating excellent antistress potential. Similarly, C2 and C3 significantly reduced the immobility times in FST and TST, demonstrating their antidepressant properties. The biomarkers study revealed that these compounds significantly enhanced hippocampus CAT, SOD and GSH, and reduced MDA levels in the scopolamine-induced stress mice model. These findings suggest the potential of curcumin analogues (C2 and C3) as antistress and antidepressant agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haya Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Dir (Upper), Dir 18000, Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Shujaat Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Dir (Upper), Dir 18000, Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Syed Wadood Ali Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand Dir (Lower) at Chakdara, Chakdara 18800, Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Abid Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal Dir (Upper), Dir 18000, Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mazen Almehmadi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Abdulaziz
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdouh Allahyani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahad Amer Alsaiari
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Halawi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Edrous Alamer
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Medical Research Center, Emerging and Epidemic Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
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Velazquez-González MY, Loya-Olguin JL, Valdes-Garcia YS, Martinez-Gonzalez S, Avila-Ramos F, Escalera-Valente F, Gonzalez-Montaña JR. Hura crepitans Seeds for Control of Eimeria spp. in Lambs as an Alternative to Conventional Therapies. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9090488. [PMID: 36136702 PMCID: PMC9502760 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9090488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the anticoccidial effect of the Hura crepitans seed, 21 cross-breed lambs, 23 ± 3 kg live weight (PV) and 70 ± 6 days old, were used. Animals were housed individually in raised wire-mesh pens, with individual water troughs and feeders. Lambs were randomly divided into three groups (n = 7) that received different doses of Hura crepitans seeds: 4 g/kg B.W. (group 1), 6 g/kg B.W. (group 2) and 0 g/kg B.W. (control group or group 0). The treatment was administered at the beginning of the experiment once orally and the study lasted 21 days. Stool samples were taken for quantitative analysis of oocysts using the McMaster technique and blood for haematological and biochemical analysis. Lambs that received the seeds showed a higher excretion of coccidia oocysts between days 5 and 7 after treatment (p < 0.05) due to the antiparasitic effect of these seeds, without affecting their productive performance (daily feed intake (DFI)- total weight gain (TWG), daily weight gain (DWG)). In addition, the daily feed consumption (DFC) and dry matter intake (DMI) were similar between the groups. The analysed enzymes (ALT, AST, GGT and FA) and creatinine showed reference values. Only the urea and BUN levels were slightly increased, but without statistical difference between the groups. Therefore, the Hura crepitans seed, at doses of 4 and 6 g/kg, favours the expulsion of coccidial oocysts, without affecting either the health or the productive behaviour of lambs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose-Lenin Loya-Olguin
- Ciencias Biológico-Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Xalisco 63780, Mexico
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Compostela 63700, Mexico
| | - Yissel-Sacnicte Valdes-Garcia
- Ciencias Biológico-Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Xalisco 63780, Mexico
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Compostela 63700, Mexico
| | - Sergio Martinez-Gonzalez
- Unidad Académica de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Compostela 63700, Mexico
| | - Fidel Avila-Ramos
- División Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato-Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato 36500, Mexico
| | | | - Jose-Ramiro Gonzalez-Montaña
- Departamento de Medicina, Cirugía y Anatomía Veterinaria, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de León, 24007 León, Spain
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Lee H, Son K, Lee DH, Kim SY, Lee KB. Comparison of Wear of Interim Crowns in Accordance with the Build Angle of Digital Light Processing 3D Printing: A Preliminary In Vivo Study. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9090417. [PMID: 36134963 PMCID: PMC9495768 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9090417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the wear volume of interim crowns fabricated using digital light processing 3D printing according to the printing angle. A total of five patients undergoing the placement of a single crown on the mandibular molar were included. Interim crowns were fabricated directly in the oral cavity using the conventional method. A digital light processing 3D printer was then used to fabricate crowns with build angles of 0, 45, and 90 degrees. Therefore, four fabricated interim crowns were randomly delivered to the patients, and each was used for one week. Before and after use, the intaglio surfaces of the interim crowns were scanned using a 3D scanner. The volume changes before and after use were measured, and changes in the height of the occlusal surface were evaluated using the root mean square value. Data normality was verified by statistical analysis, and the wear volume in each group was evaluated using a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s honestly significant difference test (α = 0.05). Compared with the RMS values of the conventional method (11.88 ± 2.69 µm) and the 3D-printing method at 0 degrees (12.14 ± 2.38 µm), the RMS values were significantly high at 90 degrees (16.46 ± 2.39 µm) (p < 0.05). Likewise, there was a significant difference in the change in volume between the groups (p = 0.002), with a significantly higher volume change value at 90 degrees (1.74 ± 0.41 mm3) than in the conventional method (0.70 ± 0.15 mm3) (p < 0.05). A printing angle of 90 degrees is not recommended when interim crowns are fabricated using digital light processing 3D printing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakjun Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
| | - Keunbada Son
- Advanced Dental Device Development Institute (A3DI), Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
| | - Du-Hyeong Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
| | - So-Yeun Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
| | - Kyu-Bok Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-32-660-6925
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Tasneem R, Khan HMS, Rasool F, Khan KU, Umair M, Esatbeyoglu T, Korma SA. Development of Phytocosmeceutical Microemulgel Containing Flaxseed Extract and Its In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14. [PMID: 36015282 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidants from natural sources are extensively attaining consideration to avert the skin from damage and aging caused by free radicals. Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.), a natural therapeutic agent, was meant to be explored cosmeceutical by quantifying its potential phytoconstituents and to be incorporated into a microemulgel for topical use. Hydroalcoholic fractions (both methanolic and ethanolic; 80%) flaxseed extracts were subjected to phytochemical screening by quantifying total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV), and for biological activities through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, tyrosinase inhibition assay, and sun protection factor (SPF). Ethanolic fraction was selected for further study by TPC (18.75 mg gallic acid equivalent/g) and TFC (1.34 mg quercetin equivalent/g). HPLC-UV analysis showed the existence of benzoic, quercetin, caffeic, vanillic, p-coumaric, gallic, cinnamic, syringic, and sinapic acids. Biological activities showed 87.00%, 72.00%, and 21.75 values for DPPH assay, tyrosinase inhibition, and SPF assays, respectively. An oil-in-water (OW) microemulsion containing the flaxseed extract, with 99.20 nm Zeta size, −19.3 Zeta potential and 0.434 polydispersity index was developed and incorporated in Carbopol-940 gel matrix to formulate an active microemulgel with 59.15% release in in vitro studies. The successfully formulated stable active microemulgel produced statistically significant effects (p < 0.05), in comparison to a placebo, on skin erythema, melanin, sebum, moisture, and elasticity, in a noninvasive in vivo study performed on 13 healthy human female volunteers. Other cosmeceutical products can also be formulated from flaxseed, making it a considerable candidate for further utilization in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Son K, Lee JM, Son YT, Kim JW, Jin MU, Lee KB. How Does the Use of an Intraoral Scanner Affect Muscle Fatigue? A Preliminary In Vivo Study. Bioengineering (Basel) 2022; 9:bioengineering9080358. [PMID: 36004883 PMCID: PMC9404896 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering9080358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate muscle activation and fatigue in the operator during tooth preparation and intraoral scanning by simulating these tasks in two types of dental unit chair systems (UCS). Six participants were recruited, and the above tasks were simulated. Electrodes were placed on the skin over five types of muscles (arm, neck, and shoulder muscles), and the maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) was measured. Electromyography (EMG) was assessed during the simulation, and EMG values were normalized using MVC. The root mean square (RMS) EMG (%MVC) and muscle fatigue (%) were calculated. Owing to a lack of normal distribution of the data, Mann−Whitney U test and Kruskal−Wallis H test were performed for statistical comparison, and Bonferroni adjustment was performed for multiple comparisons (α = 0.05). There was no significant difference in RMS EMG between the two types of dental UCS (intraoral scanning, p = 0.237; tooth preparation, p = 0.543). Moreover, the RMS EMG and muscle fatigue were not significantly different between the two tasks (p > 0.05). There was significant muscle fatigue after the intraoral scanner use was simulated thrice (p < 0.001). It is necessary to refrain from performing continuous intraoral scanning and tooth preparation and to take appropriate rest to reduce the incidence of musculoskeletal disorders in dentists in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- KeunBaDa Son
- Advanced Dental Device Development Institute (A3DI), Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea; (K.S.); (J.-M.L.); (Y.-T.S.)
| | - Ji-Min Lee
- Advanced Dental Device Development Institute (A3DI), Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea; (K.S.); (J.-M.L.); (Y.-T.S.)
- Department of Dental Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
| | - Young-Tak Son
- Advanced Dental Device Development Institute (A3DI), Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea; (K.S.); (J.-M.L.); (Y.-T.S.)
- Department of Dental Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
| | - Jin-Wook Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-W.K.); (M.-U.J.); (K.-B.L.); Tel.: +82-32-600-7551 (J.-W.K.); +82-32-600-7601 (M.-U.J.); +82-32-660-6925 (K.-B.L.)
| | - Myoung-Uk Jin
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-W.K.); (M.-U.J.); (K.-B.L.); Tel.: +82-32-600-7551 (J.-W.K.); +82-32-600-7601 (M.-U.J.); +82-32-660-6925 (K.-B.L.)
| | - Kyu-Bok Lee
- Advanced Dental Device Development Institute (A3DI), Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea; (K.S.); (J.-M.L.); (Y.-T.S.)
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-W.K.); (M.-U.J.); (K.-B.L.); Tel.: +82-32-600-7551 (J.-W.K.); +82-32-600-7601 (M.-U.J.); +82-32-660-6925 (K.-B.L.)
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Almutairi TM, Rezki N, Aouad MR, Hagar M, Bakr BA, Hamed MT, Hassen MK, Elwakil BH, Moneer EA. Exploring the Antiparasitic Activity of Tris-1,3,4-Thiadiazoles against Toxoplasma gondii-Infected Mice. Molecules 2022; 27:2246. [PMID: 35408644 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27072246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen-containing atoms in their core structures have been exclusive building blocks in drug discovery and development. One of the most significant and well-known heterocycles is the 1,3,4-thidiazole nucleus, which is found in a wide range of natural products and therapeutic agents. In the present work, certain tris-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives (6, 7) were synthesized through a multi-step synthesis approach. All synthesized compounds were characterized using different spectroscopic tools. Previously, thiadiazole compounds as anti-Toxoplasma gondii agents have been conducted and reported in vitro. However, this is the first study to test the anti-Toxoplasma gondii activity of manufactured molecular hybrids thiadiazole in an infected mouse model with the acute RH strain of T. gondii. All the observed results demonstrated compound (7)’s powerful activity, with a considerable reduction in the parasite count reaching 82.6% in brain tissues, followed by liver and spleen tissues (65.35 and 64.81%, respectively). Inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines assessments proved that Compound 7 possesses potent antiparasitic effect. Furthermore, docking tests against TgCDPK1 and ROP18 kinase (two major enzymes involved in parasite invasion and egression) demonstrated compound 7’s higher potency compared to compound 6 and megazol. According to the mentioned results, tris-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives under test can be employed as potent antiparasitic agents against the acute RH strain of T. gondii.
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Gringmuth M, Walther J, Greiser S, Toussaint M, Schwalm B, Kool M, Kortmann RD, Glasow A, Patties I. Enhanced Survival of High-Risk Medulloblastoma-Bearing Mice after Multimodal Treatment with Radiotherapy, Decitabine, and Abacavir. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073815. [PMID: 35409174 PMCID: PMC8998934 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with high-risk SHH/TP53-mut and Group 3 medulloblastoma (MB) have a 5-year overall survival of only 40%. Innovative approaches to enhance survival while preventing adverse effects are urgently needed. We investigated an innovative therapy approach combining irradiation (RT), decitabine (DEC), and abacavir (ABC) in a patient-derived orthotopic SHH/TP53-mut and Group 3 MB mouse model. MB-bearing mice were treated with DEC, ABC and RT. Mouse survival, tumor growth (BLI, MRT) tumor histology (H/E), proliferation (Ki-67), and endothelial (CD31) staining were analyzed. Gene expression was examined by microarray and RT-PCR (Ki-67, VEGF, CD31, CD15, CD133, nestin, CD68, IBA). The RT/DEC/ABC therapy inhibited tumor growth and enhanced mouse survival. Ki-67 decreased in SHH/TP53-mut MBs after RT, DEC, RT/ABC, and RT/DEC/ABC therapy. CD31 was higher in SHH/TP53-mut compared to Group 3 MBs and decreased after RT/DEC/ABC. Microarray analyses showed a therapy-induced downregulation of cell cycle genes. By RT-PCR, no therapy-induced effect on stem cell fraction or immune cell invasion/activation could be shown. We showed for the first time that RT/DEC/ABC therapy improves survival of orthotopic SHH/TP53-mut and Group 3 MB-bearing mice without inducing adverse effects suggesting the potential for an adjuvant application of this multimodal therapy approach in the human clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Gringmuth
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Leipzig, Stephanstraße 9a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.G.); (R.-D.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Jenny Walther
- Fraunhofer Center for Microelectronic and Optical Systems for Biomedicine, Herman-Hollerith-Straße 3, 99099 Erfurt, Germany; (J.W.); (S.G.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Perlickstraße 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sebastian Greiser
- Fraunhofer Center for Microelectronic and Optical Systems for Biomedicine, Herman-Hollerith-Straße 3, 99099 Erfurt, Germany; (J.W.); (S.G.)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Perlickstraße 1, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Magali Toussaint
- Department of Neuroradiopharmaceuticals, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Research Site Leipzig, Permoserstraße 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Benjamin Schwalm
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (B.S.); (M.K.)
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcel Kool
- Hopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany; (B.S.); (M.K.)
- Division of Pediatric Neurooncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Research Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Heidelberglaan 25, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rolf-Dieter Kortmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Leipzig, Stephanstraße 9a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.G.); (R.-D.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Annegret Glasow
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Leipzig, Stephanstraße 9a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.G.); (R.-D.K.); (A.G.)
| | - Ina Patties
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Leipzig, Stephanstraße 9a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (M.G.); (R.-D.K.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence:
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Jafar M, Salahuddin M, Khan MSA, Alshehry Y, Alrwaili NR, Alzahrani YA, Imam SS, Alshehri S. Preparation and In Vitro-In Vivo Evaluation of Luteolin Loaded Gastroretentive Microsponge for the Eradication of Helicobacter pylori Infections. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:2094. [PMID: 34959375 PMCID: PMC8705744 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to develop a luteolin gastric floating microsponge for targeting Helicobacter pylori. The microsponge formulations were prepared by a quasi-emulsion method, and then evaluated for various physicochemical variables. The best microsponge was further assessed for drug-polymer interactions, surface morphology, in vivo floating, and in vitro anti H. pylori activity. The formulation which exhibited comparatively good production yield (64.45% ± 0.83), high entrapment efficiency (67.33% ± 3.79), prolonged in vitro floating time (>8 h), and sustained in-vitro drug release was selected as the best microsponge. The SEM study revealed that the best microsponge was spherical in shape and has a porous surface with interconnecting channels. DSC and XRD studies demonstrated the dispersion of luteolin in the polymeric matrix of the microsponge. Ultrasonography confirmed that the best microsponge could in the rat stomach for 4 h. The in vitro MIC results indicate that the anti H. pylori activity of the best microsponge was almost doubled and more sustained compared to pure luteolin. To conclude, it can be said that the developed luteolin gastric floating microsponge could be a better option to effectively eradicate H. pylori infections and the histopathological and pharmacodynamic assessments of our best microsponge can be expected to provide a rewarding outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Jafar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia; (Y.A.); (N.R.A.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Mohammed Salahuddin
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohd Sajjad Ahmad Khan
- Department of Basic Sciences, Deanship of Preparatory Year and Supporting Studies, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yasir Alshehry
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia; (Y.A.); (N.R.A.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Nazar Radwan Alrwaili
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia; (Y.A.); (N.R.A.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Yazeed Ali Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia; (Y.A.); (N.R.A.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Syed Sarim Imam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.I.); (S.A.)
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (S.S.I.); (S.A.)
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El-Emam GA, Girgis GNS, Hamed MF, El-Azeem Soliman OA, Abd El Gawad AEGH. Formulation and Pathohistological Study of Mizolastine-Solid Lipid Nanoparticles-Loaded Ocular Hydrogels. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:7775-7799. [PMID: 34853513 PMCID: PMC8627895 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s335482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mizolastine (MZL) is a dual-action nonsedating topical antihistamine anti-inflammatory agent that is used to relieve allergic conditions, such as rhinitis and conjunctivitis. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are advanced delivery system in ophthalmology, with the merits of increasing the corneal drug absorption and hence improved bioavailability with the objective of ocular drug targeting. Methods First, MZL was formulated as MZL-SLNs by hot homogenization/ultrasonication adopting a 32 full factorial design. Solid-state characterization, in vitro release, and stability studies have been performed. Then, the optimized MZL-SLNs formula has been incorporated into ocular hydrogels using 1.5% w/v Na alginate and 5% w/v polyvinylpyrrolidone K90. The gels were evaluated via in vitro release as well as in vivo studies by applying allergic conjunctivitis congestion in a rabbit-eye model. Results The optimized formula (F4) was characterized by the highest entrapment efficiency (86.5±1.47%), the smallest mean particle size (202.3±13.59 nm), and reasonable zeta potential (−22.03±3.65 mV). Solid-state characterization of the encapsulation of MZL in SLNs was undertaken. In vitro results showed a sustained release profile from MZL-SLNs up to 30 hours with a non-Fickian Higuchi kinetic model. Stability studies confirmed immutability of freeze-dried MZL-SLNs (F4) upon storage for 6 months. Finally, hydrogel formulations containing MZL-SLNs, proved ocular congestion disappearance with completely repaired conjunctiva after 24 hours. Moreover, pretreatment with MZL-SLNs–loaded hydrogel imparted markedly decreased TNF-α and VEGF-expression levels in rabbits conjunctivae compared with post-treatment with the same formula. Conclusion MZL-SLNs could be considered a promising stable sustained-release nanoparticulate system for preparing ocular hydrogel as effective antiallergy ocular delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghada Ahmed El-Emam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Germeen N S Girgis
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Fawzy Hamed
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Tassinari R, Maranghi F. Rodent Model of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapies as Specific Tool for Identifying Susceptibility and Vulnerability of Transgender People and Future Applications for Risk Assessment. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:12640. [PMID: 34886364 PMCID: PMC8656759 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Transgenders (TGs) are individuals with gender identity and behaviour different from the social norms; they often undergo gender-affirming hormone therapy (HT). HT for TG men involves testosterone treatment and, for TG women, oestrogen plus androgen-lowering agents. Due-but not limited-to the lifelong lasting HT, usually TG people experience several physical and behavioural conditions leading to different and specific susceptibility and vulnerability in comparison to general population, including the response to chemical contaminants present in daily life. In particular, the exposure to the widespread endocrine disrupters (EDs) may affect hormonal and metabolic processes, leading to tissue and organ damage. Since the endocrine system of TG people is overstimulated by HT and, often, the targets overlap with ED, it is reasonable to hypothesize that TG health deserves special attention. At present, no specific tools are available to study the toxicological effects of environmental contaminants, including EDs, and the potential long-term consequences of HT on TG people. In this context, the development of adequate and innovative animal models to mimic gender-affirming HT have a high priority, since they can provide robust data for hazard identification in TG women and men, leading to more reliable risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Tassinari
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy;
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Moradi D, Eyvazpour R, Rahimi F, Jahan A, Rasta SH, Esmaeili M. Electroencephalographic Activity in Patients with Claustrophobia: A Pilot Study. J Med Signals Sens 2021; 11:262-268. [PMID: 34820298 PMCID: PMC8588885 DOI: 10.4103/jmss.jmss_62_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background Exposure to small confined spaces evokes physiological responses such as increased heart rate in claustrophobic patients. However, little is known about electrocortical activity while these people are functionally exposed to such phobic situations. The aim of this study was to examine possible changes in electrocortical activity in this population. Method Two highly affected patients with claustrophobia and two healthy controls participated in this in vivo study during which electroencephalographic (EEG) activity was continuously recorded. Relative power spectral density (rPSD) was compared between two situations of being relaxed in a well-lit open area, and sitting in a relaxed chair in a small (90 cm × 180 cm × 155 cm) chamber with a dim light. This comparison of rPSDs in five frequency bands of EEG was intended to investigate possible patterns of change in electrical activity during fear-related situation. This possible change was also compared between claustrophobic patients and healthy controls in all cortical areas. Results Statistical models showed that there is a significant interaction between groups of participants and experimental situations in all frequency bands (P < 0.01). In other words, claustrophobic patients showed significantly different changes in electrical activity while going from rest to the test situation. Clear differences were observed in alpha and theta bands. In the theta band, while healthy controls showed an increase in rPSD, claustrophobic patients showed an opposite decrease in the power of electrical activity when entering the confined chamber. In alpha band, both groups showed an increase in rPSD, though this increase was significantly higher for claustrophobic patients. Conclusion The effect of in vivo exposure to confined environments on EEG activity is different in claustrophobic patients than in healthy controls. Most of this contrast is observed in central and parietal areas of the cortex, and in the alpha and theta bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dunya Moradi
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Bonab, Iran
| | - Reza Eyvazpour
- Department of Electronics, Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Bonab, Iran
| | - Fariborz Rahimi
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Bonab, Bonab, Iran
| | - Ali Jahan
- Department of Speech and Language Pathology, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Seyed Hossein Rasta
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Bonab, Iran.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Mahdad Esmaeili
- Department of Medical Bioengineering, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Bonab, Iran
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Buko V, Zavodnik I, Budryn G, Zakłos-Szyda M, Belonovskaya E, Kirko S, Żyżelewicz D, Zakrzeska A, Bakunovich A, Rusin V, Moroz V. Chlorogenic Acid Protects against Advanced Alcoholic Steatohepatitis in Rats via Modulation of Redox Homeostasis, Inflammation, and Lipogenesis. Nutrients 2021; 13:4155. [PMID: 34836410 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effects of chlorogenic acid (CGA) in rats with advanced alcoholic steatohepatitis. The rats were fed on a high-fat diet and gavaged with ethanol (4 g/kg) for 8 weeks. The livers of ethanol-treated rats showed steatosis; necrosis and mononuclear infiltration; and significant upregulation of the mRNA expression of the prooxidant (Cyp2e1, iNos), lipogenic (Srebp1, Acc), proinflammatory (Tlr4, Nf-κb, TnfA, Il-1B, and Il-6), and profibrogenic (TgfB, Col1, VegfA) genes. Simultaneously, a downregulation of level of Sod and Nrf2 was observed, which was accompanied by increased serum transaminase, TnfA, and serum and liver triglycerides levels. CGA administration (40 and 80 mg/kg, 8 weeks) to ethanol-fed group reduced the liver expression levels of Cyp2e1 and iNos, whereas it markedly enhanced the expression of Sod, Nrf2, and Ho-1. CGA at both doses downregulated the expressions of lipogenic, proinflammatory, and profibrogenic genes, while the expression of Tlr4 was lowered only after the higher dose of CGA. The higher dose of CGA efficiently prevented the progression of alcohol-induced steatosis and reduced inflammation through regulation of the expression of genes encoding the proteins involved in the Tlr4/Nf-κB signaling pathway and fibrosis. The study revealed hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of CGA through the regulation of expression of genes encoding Cyp2e1/Nrf2 involved in oxidative stress modulation. These results demonstrate CGA as a therapeutic candidate for the prevention and treatment of alcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Canaviri-Paz P, Oscarsson E, Kjellström A, Olsson H, Jois C, Håkansson Å. Effects on Microbiota Composition after Consumption of Quinoa Beverage Fermented by a Novel Xylose-Metabolizing L. plantarum Strain. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13103318. [PMID: 34684319 PMCID: PMC8539412 DOI: 10.3390/nu13103318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Demands for novel lactic acid bacteria with potential to be used as probiotics along with healthy fermented plant-based products increase worldwide. In this study, a novel Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P31891 strain with enzymatic capacity to degrade tannins and ferment xylose was used as starter culture for fermentation of a quinoa-based beverage. The probiotic potential of the selected strain was evaluated in healthy volunteers. Twenty participants consumed the beverage for 14 days; microbiota changes in saliva and faecal samples were analyzed by Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP), Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) and qPCR; and gastrointestinal well-being and digestive symptoms were recorded. The results indicated that the consumption of the beverage with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P31891 in a probiotic dose (1012 CFU/mL) increased the number of Lactobacillus in the feces but not in saliva. Overall, the bacterial community did not seem to be influenced by the bacterium or by the beverage, as expressed by the diversity indexes, but specific genera were affected, as reflected in changes in amplicon sequence variants. Consequently, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum P31891 showed potential to be categorized as a probiotic strain in the fermented quinoa-based beverage.
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Zhu J, Wu Z, Sun W, Meng Z, Zhu X, Gan H, Gu R, Guo X, Dou G. Hemostatic Efficacy and Biocompatibility Evaluation of a Novel Absorbable Porous Starch Hemostat. Surg Innov 2021; 29:367-377. [PMID: 34551638 DOI: 10.1177/15533506211046100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel absorbable porous starch hemostat (APSH) based on calcium ion-exchange crosslinked porous starch microparticles (Ca2+CPSM) was developed to improve hemostasis during surgeries for irregular cuts. The aim of this study was to compare its hemostatic efficacy and biocompatibility in a standard rat liver injury model relatively to Arista AH, Quickclean, and crosslinked porous starch microparticles (CPSM, without calcium ion). METHODS 72 Wistar rats (220g-240 g) were randomly assigned to six groups (Arista, Quickclean, CPSM, Ca2+CPSM, native potato starch, and untreated control group, n =12 per group). 30 mg of each hemostatic agent was applied to a standard circular liver excision (8 mm in diameter and 3 mm deep) in rats. Following their hemostatic efficacy, in vivo biocompatiblity evaluation was examined. The native potato starch (NPS) group was used as the negative group. RESULTS Ca2+CPSM had almost the same hemostatic efficacy compared with Arista; meanwhile, all the 4 hemostatic agents had good blood compatibility. In terms of in vivo tissue compatibility, Ca2+CPSM had relatively fast degradation and absorption rate with good histocompatibility. As the morphological, anatomic observation and H&E staining of liver defects after implantation, Ca2+CPSM was almost completely absorbed by liver tissue after 14 days. CONCLUSION According to our study, Ca2+CPSM could effectively achieve hemostasis in the standard rat liver injury model and exhibited good blood compatibility and in vivo tissue compatibility. These finding suggested that Ca2+CPSM as a new kind of APSH had its extensive clinical application value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianjun Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 96702Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China.,96702State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhuona Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 96702Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenzhong Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 96702Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhiyun Meng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 96702Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaoxia Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 96702Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hui Gan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 96702Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ruolan Gu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 96702Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xuan Guo
- 96702State Key Laboratory of NBC Protection for Civilian, Beijing, PR China
| | - Guifang Dou
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 96702Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, PR China
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Sindeeva OA, Prikhozhdenko ES, Schurov I, Sedykh N, Goriainov S, Karamyan A, Mordovina EA, Inozemtseva OA, Kudryavtseva V, Shchesnyak LE, Abramovich RA, Mikhajlov S, Sukhorukov GB. Patterned Drug-Eluting Coatings for Tracheal Stents Based on PLA, PLGA, and PCL for the Granulation Formation Reduction: In Vivo Studies. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091437. [PMID: 34575513 PMCID: PMC8469052 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Expandable metallic stent placement is often the only way to treat airway obstructions. Such treatment with an uncoated stent causes granulation proliferation and subsequent restenosis, resulting in the procedure’s adverse complications. Systemic administration of steroids drugs in high dosages slows down granulation tissue overgrowth but leads to long-term side effects. Drug-eluting coatings have been used widely in cardiology for many years to suppress local granulation and reduce the organism’s systemic load. Still, so far, there are no available analogs for the trachea. Here, we demonstrate that PLA-, PCL- and PLGA-based films with arrays of microchambers to accommodate therapeutic substances can be used as a drug-eluting coating through securely fixing on the surface of an expandable nitinol stent. PCL and PLA were most resistant to mechanical damage associated with packing in delivery devices and making it possible to keep high-molecular-weight cargo. Low-molecular-weight methylprednisolone sodium succinate is poorly retained in PCL- and PLGA-based microchambers after immersion in deionized water (only 9.5% and 15.7% are left, respectively). In comparison, PLA-based microchambers retain 96.3% after the same procedure. In vivo studies on rabbits have shown that effective granulation tissue suppression is achieved when PLA and PLGA are used for coatings. PLGA-based microchamber coating almost completely degrades in 10 days in the trachea, while PLA-based microchamber films partially preserve their structure. The PCL-based film coating is most stable over time, which probably causes blocking the outflow of fluid from the tracheal mucosa and the aggravation of the inflammatory process against the background of low drug concentration. Combination and variability of polymers in the fabrication of films with microchambers to retain therapeutic compounds are suggested as a novel type of drug-eluting coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga A. Sindeeva
- Skolkovo Innovation Center, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 3 Nobel Str., 143005 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (O.A.S.); (G.B.S.)
| | - Ekaterina S. Prikhozhdenko
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., 410012 Saratov, Russia; (E.S.P.); (E.A.M.); (O.A.I)
| | - Igor Schurov
- Innovative Engineering Technologies Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Mikluho-Maklaya Str., 117198 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.); (N.S.); (S.G.); (A.K.); (L.E.S.); (R.A.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Nikolay Sedykh
- Innovative Engineering Technologies Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Mikluho-Maklaya Str., 117198 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.); (N.S.); (S.G.); (A.K.); (L.E.S.); (R.A.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Sergey Goriainov
- Innovative Engineering Technologies Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Mikluho-Maklaya Str., 117198 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.); (N.S.); (S.G.); (A.K.); (L.E.S.); (R.A.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Arfenya Karamyan
- Innovative Engineering Technologies Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Mikluho-Maklaya Str., 117198 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.); (N.S.); (S.G.); (A.K.); (L.E.S.); (R.A.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Ekaterina A. Mordovina
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., 410012 Saratov, Russia; (E.S.P.); (E.A.M.); (O.A.I)
| | - Olga A. Inozemtseva
- Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 83 Astrakhanskaya Str., 410012 Saratov, Russia; (E.S.P.); (E.A.M.); (O.A.I)
| | - Valeriya Kudryavtseva
- Nanoforce Ltd., School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK;
| | - Leonid E. Shchesnyak
- Innovative Engineering Technologies Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Mikluho-Maklaya Str., 117198 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.); (N.S.); (S.G.); (A.K.); (L.E.S.); (R.A.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Rimma A. Abramovich
- Innovative Engineering Technologies Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Mikluho-Maklaya Str., 117198 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.); (N.S.); (S.G.); (A.K.); (L.E.S.); (R.A.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Sergey Mikhajlov
- Innovative Engineering Technologies Institute, Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 6 Mikluho-Maklaya Str., 117198 Moscow, Russia; (I.S.); (N.S.); (S.G.); (A.K.); (L.E.S.); (R.A.A.); (S.M.)
| | - Gleb B. Sukhorukov
- Nanoforce Ltd., School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, UK;
- Correspondence: (O.A.S.); (G.B.S.)
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Fernández-Paz E, Feijoo-Siota L, Gaspar MM, Csaba N, Remuñán-López C. Microencapsulated Chitosan-Based Nanocapsules: A New Platform for Pulmonary Gene Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1377. [PMID: 34575452 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we propose chitosan (CS)-based nanocapsules (NCs) for pulmonary gene delivery. Hyaluronic acid (HA) was incorporated in the NCs composition (HA/CS NCs) aiming to promote gene transfection in the lung epithelium. NCs were loaded with a model plasmid (pCMV-βGal) to easily evaluate their transfection capacity. The plasmid encapsulation efficiencies were of approx. 90%. To facilitate their administration to the lungs, the plasmid-loaded NCs were microencapsulated in mannitol (Ma) microspheres (MS) using a simple spray-drying technique, obtaining dry powders of adequate properties. In vivo, the MS reached the deep lung, where the plasmid-loaded CS-based NCs were released and transfected the alveolar cells more homogeneously than the control formulation of plasmid directly microencapsulated in Ma MS. The HA-containing formulation achieved the highest transfection efficiency, in a more extended area and more homogeneously distributed than the rest of tested formulations. The new micro-nanostructured platform proposed in this work represents an efficient strategy for the delivery of genetic material to the lung, with great potential for the treatment of genetic lung diseases.
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Lee HJ, Kim HL, Lee DR, Choi BK, Yang SH. Scrophulariae Radix: An Overview of Its Biological Activities and Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Applications. Molecules 2021; 26:5250. [PMID: 34500684 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26175250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Scrophulariae Radix (SR) has an important role as a medicinal plant, the roots of which are recorded used to cure fever, swelling, constipation, pharyngitis, laryngitis, neuritis, sore throat, rheumatism, and arthritis in Asia for more than two thousand years. In this paper, the studies published on Scrophularia buergeriana (SB) and Scrophularia ningpoensis (SN) in the latest 20 years were reviewed, and the biological activities of SB and SN were evaluated based on in vitro and in vivo studies. SB presented anti-inflammatory activities, immune-enhancing effects, bone disorder prevention activity, neuroprotective effect, anti-amnesic effect, and anti-allergic effect; SN showed a neuroprotective effect, anti-apoptotic effect, anti-amnesic effect, and anti-depressant effect; and SR exhibited an immune-enhancing effect and cardioprotective effects through in vitro and in vivo experiments. SB and SN are both known to exert neuroprotective and anti-amensice effects. This review investigated their applicability in the nutraceutical, functional foods, and pharmaceutical industries. Further studies, such as toxicological studies and clinical trials, on the efficacy and safety of SR, including SB and SN, need to be conducted.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cartilage tissue lacks the ability to heal. Cartilage tissue engineering using cell-free scaffolds has been increasingly used in recent years. OBJECTIVE This study describes the use of a type I collagen scaffold combined with WNT5A plasmid to promote chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation in a rabbit osteochondral defect model. METHODS Type I collagen was extracted and fabricated into a collagen scaffold. To improve gene transfection efficiency, a cationic chitosan derivative N,N,N-trimethyl chitosan chloride (TMC) vector was used. A solution of TMC/WNT5A complexes was adsorbed to the collagen scaffold to prepare a WNT5A scaffold. Osteochondral defects were created in the femoral condyles of rabbits. The rabbits were divided into defect, scaffold, and scaffold with WNT5A groups. At 6 and 12 weeks after creation of the osteochondral defects, samples were collected from all groups for macroscopic observation and gene expression analysis. RESULTS Samples from the defect group exhibited incomplete cartilage repair, while those from the scaffold and scaffold with WNT5A groups exhibited "preliminary cartilage" covering the defect. Cartilage regeneration was superior in the scaffold with WNT5A group compared to the scaffold group. Safranin O staining revealed more proteoglycans in the scaffold and scaffold with WNT5A groups compared to the defect group. The expression levels of aggrecan, collagen type II, and SOX9 genes were significantly higher in the scaffold with WNT5A group compared to the other two groups. CONCLUSIONS Type I collagen scaffold showed effective adsorption and guided the three-dimensional arrangement of stem cells. WNT5A plasmid promoted cartilage repair by stimulating the expression of aggrecan, type II collagen, and SOX9 genes and proteins, as well as inhibiting cartilage hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Fu Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao-Zhong Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lie Niu
- Department of Orthopedics, Dongping People's Hospital, ShanDong, China
| | - Yi-Ying Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
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Sabbagh J, El Masri L, Fahd JC, Nahas P. A three-year randomized clinical trial evaluating direct posterior composite restorations placed with three self-etch adhesives. Biomater Investig Dent 2021; 8:92-103. [PMID: 34240061 PMCID: PMC8238063 DOI: 10.1080/26415275.2021.1939034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To compare the clinical performance of composite restorations placed with a universal adhesive, one-step and two-step self-etch adhesives in class I and II posterior cavities. Materials and methods In this in vivo study, 46 volunteers presenting with at least three carious lesions were included. Each participant received the three restorative systems: universal adhesive/nanofilled composite (Scotchbond Universal/Filtek Z350 XT: SBU/FZXT), one-step self-etch adhesive/microhybrid composite (G-aenial bond/G-aenial Posterior: GB/GP) and the two-step self-etch adhesive/nanohybrid composite (OptiBond XTR/Herculite Ultra: OBX/HU). The adhesives were all placed in self-etch mode. In total, 138 restorations were evaluated at baseline and at 6,12 and 36 months using the modified United States Public Health Service criteria. Data were analysed using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, Friedman and Wilcoxon non-parametric tests (p < .05). Ninety-one restorations were evaluated at 36 months. Results Seven restorations, three SBU/FZXT, three GB/GP and one OBX/HU failed during this study. The reasons for failure were marginal fracture and secondary caries. SBU/FZXT restorations showed significant marginal deterioration in all parameters. Overall success rates were: 93.5% (SBU/FZXT), 96.6% (GB/GP) and 96.8% (OBX/HU). Conclusions After three years, the three restorative systems have comparable clinical effectiveness and success rates, except for the marginal integrity, that was suboptimal for both the SBU/FZXT and GB/GP restorations in comparison to the OBX/HU restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Sabbagh
- Department of Restorative and aesthetic dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Layal El Masri
- Department of Restorative and aesthetic dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Jean Claude Fahd
- Department of Restorative and aesthetic dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Paul Nahas
- Department of Restorative and aesthetic dentistry and Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
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Zhu J, Li J, Guo Y, Quaisie J, Hong C, Ma H. Antihypertensive and Immunomodulatory Effects of Defatted Corn Germ Hydrolysates: An in vivo Study. Front Nutr 2021; 8:679583. [PMID: 34109205 PMCID: PMC8180860 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.679583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the antihypertensive and immunomodulatory effects of defatted corn germ hydrolysates (DCGHs) in vivo and their potential regulatory mechanisms. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) was significantly reduced (10.30%) by the long-term intragastric administration of DCGHs (high doses). Also, there was drastic inhibition of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) activity in the lung, kidney, and heart tissues by 24.53, 22.28, and 12.93%, respectively. It could regulate the blood pressure by adjusting the balance between endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor factors and endothelium-derived relaxing factors. Meanwhile, DCGHs enhanced the phagocytosis of mononuclear macrophages, cellular immunity, and humoral immunity of ICR mice by increasing the phagocytic index of mononuclear macrophages (23.71%), ear swelling degree (44.82%), and antibody levels (52.32%). Moreover, it stimulated the release of immunoactive substances (e.g., lysozyme, interferon-γ, immunoglobulin G, and complement 3). Consequently, DCGHs could suitably be used in the formulation of novel functional foods with antihypertensive and immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Zhu
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yiting Guo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Janet Quaisie
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Chen Hong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Haile Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China.,Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
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El-Shenawy AA, Mahmoud RA, Mahmoud EA, Mohamed MS. Intranasal In Situ Gel of Apixaban-Loaded Nanoethosomes: Preparation, Optimization, and In Vivo Evaluation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2021; 22:147. [PMID: 33948767 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-021-02020-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was conducted to formulate ethosomal thermoreversible in situ gel of apixaban, an anticoagulant drug, for nasal delivery. Ethosomes were formed, of lecithin, cholesterol, and ethanol, by using thin-film hydration method. The prepared ethosomes were characterized by Zetasizer, transmission electron microscope, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro study. The selected ethosomal formula (API-ETHO2) was incorporated in gel using P407 and P188 as thermoreversible agents and carbopol 934 as mucoadhesive agent. Box-Behnken design was used to study the effect of independent variables (concentration of P407, P188, and carbopol 934) on gelation temperature, mucoadhesive strength, and in vitro cumulative percent drug released at 12h (response variables). The optimized formulation was subjected to compatibility study, ex vivo permeation, histopathological examination for the nasal mucosa, and in vivo study. API-ETHO2 was spherical with an average size of 145.1±12.3 nm, zeta potential of -20±4 mV, entrapment efficiency of 67.11%±3.26, and in vitro % release of 79.54%±4.1. All gel formulations exhibited an acceptable pH and drug content. The optimum gel offered 32.3°C, 1226.3 dyne/cm2, and 53.50% for gelation temperature, mucoadhesive strength, and in vitro percent released, respectively. Apixaban ethosomal in situ gel evolved higher ex vivo permeation (1.499±0.11 μg/cm2h) through the nasal mucosa than pure apixaban gel. Histopathological study assured that there is no necrosis or tearing of the nasal mucosa happened by ethosomal gel. The pharmacokinetic parameters in rabbit plasma showed that intranasal administration of optimized API-ethosomal in situ gel achieved higher Cmax and AUC0-∞ than unprocessed API nasal gel, nasal suspension, and oral suspension. The ethosomal thermoreversible nasal gel established its potential to improve nasal permeation and prolong anticoagulant effect of apixaban.
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Olek M, Machorowska-Pieniążek A, Olek K, Cieślar G, Kawczyk-Krupka A. Photodynamic therapy in the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma - The state of the art in preclinical research on the animal model. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102236. [PMID: 33639322 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma is a common cancer of the head and neck region. Due to the frequency of diagnoses, high rate of mortality, mutilating nature of classic therapy and numerous complications, new methods of treatment are being sought. One promising solution for treatment that is utilized in many fields of oncology is photodynamic therapy. The purpose of this article is to present a general overview of the use of photodynamic therapy in preclinical in vivo studies on the animal model. MATERIAL AND METHODS A literature search for articles corresponding to the topic of this review was performed using the PubMed and MEDLINE databases using the following keywords: 'oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma,' 'photodynamic therapy,' 'photosensitizer(s),' 'in vivo', and 'animal model'. RESULTS Based on the literature review, the two most used animal models can be distinguished in research on the use of photodynamic therapy for oral squamous cell carcinoma. Studies mainly focus on the evaluation of tumor growth inhibition after using therapies with various photosensitizers on the murine or hamster cheek pouch models. CONCLUDING REMARKS The animal model is a part of preclinical research. Unfortunately, each of the models has its limitations, so it is difficult to extrapolate the results to clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Olek
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Olek
- Department of Dental Propedeutics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Cieślar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Poland.
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Nedu ME, Tertis M, Cristea C, Georgescu AV. Methylene Blue and Proflavine as Intraarterial Marker for Functional Perforazome-Comparative Study. J Pers Med 2021; 11:147. [PMID: 33669636 PMCID: PMC7922966 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Methylene blue (MB) is both a dye and a medicine known and used for a long time including as lymphatic tracer in melanoma and breast cancer for revealing sentinel lymph nodes. Proflavine (PRO) is an acriflavine dye, used as bacteriostatic disinfectant against many gram-positive bacteria that was also successfully applied to evaluate morphopathological changes in tissues. This study was performed on a group of twenty-eight Wistar rats and had as its main objective the in vivo evaluation of the use of MB and PRO as perforator tracers. The two dyes proved to be effective functional perforasome tracers with medium inflammatory infiltrate in the skin of the island perforator flap which heals perfectly at 14 days with complete absence of the inflammatory reaction. At the same injected amount, PRO seems to determine a greater inflammatory reaction compared with MB, but in smaller concentration, the inflammatory response is absent in the case of PRO. In conclusion, both substances tested within this in vivo study are good functional perforasome tracers, but PRO has the advantage of the absence of inflammatory reaction when using lower concentrations, while preserving unalerted its efficiency as tracer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Eliza Nedu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-E.N.); (A.V.G.)
| | - Mihaela Tertis
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Cecilia Cristea
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Alexandru Valentin Georgescu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.-E.N.); (A.V.G.)
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Kaneko A, Marukawa E, Harada H. Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles as Injectable Bone Substitute Material in a Vertical Bone Augmentation Model. In Vivo 2021; 34:1053-1061. [PMID: 32354892 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this in vivo study was to evaluate the utility of bone graft gel containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in promoting bone regeneration in a mouse model of vertical bone augmentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Gel implants with high and low viscosity were compared for their bone regenerating ability. Bone formation at 12 weeks and material reactions were observed radiographically and histologically. RESULTS Radiological analysis showed that most bone augmentation area in the graft material occurred in the fourth week after surgery regardless of the viscosity of the gel, and then gradually decreased. The volume of bone augmentation area was greater in the high-viscosity implant group than in the low-viscosity implant group at all time points, the difference was statistically significant at 8 and 12 weeks. Histological evaluation indicated that the new bone area was significantly smaller in the high-viscosity implant group. CONCLUSION Gelatinous graft materials containing hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were confirmed to be useful in vertical bone augmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoi Kaneko
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eriko Marukawa
- Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Harada
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Skin rash is a common adverse event associated with erlotinib therapy. In severe conditions, the rash could affect patients' QOL. If the rash occurrence can be predicted, erlotinib treatment failures can be prevented. We designed an in vivo study that applied erlotinib regimens resembling its clinical application to evaluate possible erlotinib-induced skin rash biomarkers for humans and simultaneously observe the effects of erlotinib discontinuation, followed with or without dose reduction, on rash development. Rats were divided into four groups: placebo, constant (erlotinib 35 mg/kg on d1-d21), intermittent (erlotinib 70 mg/kg on d1-d7 and d15-d21), and mimic (erlotinib 70 mg/kg on d1-d7 and erlotinib 35 mg/kg on d15-d21). Blood sampling was performed on d1, d8, d15, and d22. The samples were used to measure erlotinib concentrations, the level of hepatic and renal function markers, immune cell percentages, and immune cells' CD45 expression levels. Erlotinib 70 mg/kg generated high mean circulating erlotinib concentrations (>1800 ng/mL) that led to severe rashes. Erlotinib dose reduction following rash occurrence reduced circulating erlotinib concentration and rash severity. After the treatment, the escalation of neutrophil percentages and reduction of neutrophils' CD45 expression levels were observed, which were significantly correlated with the rash occurrence. This study is the first to show that erlotinib-induced skin rash may be affected by the reduction of neutrophils' CD45 expression levels, and this is a valuable finding to elucidate the erlotinib-induced skin rash formation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqbal Julian
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University
| | - Takuya Iwamoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Mie University
- Department of Pharmacy, Mie University Hospital
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Chi Q, Xu H, Song D, Wang Z, Wang Z, Ma G. α-E-Catenin (CTNNA1) Inhibits Cell Proliferation, Invasion and EMT of Bladder Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:12747-12758. [PMID: 33364826 PMCID: PMC7751797 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s259269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Bladder cancer (BLCA) is an urogenital system tumor with a high morbidity. We aimed to explore the function and potential mechanism of α-E-catenin (CTNNA1) in BLCA. Methods The CTNNA1 expression in BLCA tissues was detected using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. QRT-PCR and Western blot were performed to measure the CTNNA1 expression in BLCA cell lines. CTNNA1 expression was up-regulated in T24 and UMUC-2 cells by CTNNA1 overexpression plasmid transfection. Cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration and invasion were respectively assessed by CCK-8 assay, flow cytometry, wound healing assay and transwell assay. The expression levels of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related factors were tested by qRT-PCR and Western blot. BLCA nude mice models were constructed to explore the effects of CTNNA1 on BLCA in vivo. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was proceeded to identify the CTNNA1-related pathways in BLCA. Results The expressions of CTNNA1 were down-regulated in BLCA tissues and cell lines, and its low expression indicated poor prognosis of BLCA patients. CTNNA1 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT and promoted cell apoptosis in BLCA cells. CTNNA1 enhanced E-cadherin expression and suppressed N-cadherin, snail, MMP2 and MMP9 expressions in BLCA cells, which suggested that CTNNA1 repressed EMT in BLCA cells. Moreover, CTNNA1 could inhibit tumor growth in vivo. CTNNA1 was positively associated with P53 and apoptosis pathways in BLCA cells. Conclusion CTNNA1 inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT and promoted cell apoptosis in BLCA via activating P53 and apoptosis pathways. CTNNA1 might be a novel target in BLCA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chi
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dianbin Song
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zemin Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Ma
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University, Chengde 067000, People's Republic of China
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López-Yerena A, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Mols R, Augustijns P, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Escribano-Ferrer E. Reply to "Comment on López-Yerena et al. 'Absorption and Intestinal Metabolic Profile of Oleocanthal in Rats' Pharmaceutics 2020, 12, 134". Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12121221. [PMID: 33348608 PMCID: PMC7765908 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12121221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, in February 2020, we published a study exploring the intestinal absorption and metabolism of oleocanthal (OLC) in rats. A single-pass intestinal perfusion technique (SPIP) was used, involving simultaneous sampling from the luminal perfusate and mesenteric blood. Later, comments on our published paper were released, requesting clarification of specific data. In this detailed reply, we hope to have addressed and clarified all the concerns of A. Kaddoumi and K. El Sayed and that the scientific community will benefit from both the study and the comments it has generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anallely López-Yerena
- Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy Department, XaRTA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.-Y.); (A.V.-Q.); (R.M.L.-R.)
| | - Anna Vallverdú-Queralt
- Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy Department, XaRTA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.-Y.); (A.V.-Q.); (R.M.L.-R.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raf Mols
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (R.M.); (P.A.)
| | - Patrick Augustijns
- Drug Delivery and Disposition, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; (R.M.); (P.A.)
| | - Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventós
- Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy Department, XaRTA, Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), School of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; (A.L.-Y.); (A.V.-Q.); (R.M.L.-R.)
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elvira Escribano-Ferrer
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), Pharmacy and Food Sciences School, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93402-4578; Fax: +34-9340-35937
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