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Naz S, Aroosh A, Raza N, Islam A, Fatima A, Ozbel Y, Toz S, Hayat O, Waseem S. Comparative analysis of the severity and progression of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania tropica in untreated and glucantime-treated patients. Acta Trop 2023; 248:107023. [PMID: 37717686 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide are affected by cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), a disease that has a significant impact on morbidity and mortality. Understanding the immune responses responsible for tissue damage or the process of lesion healing plays a pivotal role in shaping optimal treatment strategies. In this study, we investigated immunological phenotypes for three groups: glucantime treated (n = 30) and untreated (n = 30) CL patients infected with Leishmania tropica (L. tropica), and healthy controls (n = 20). T-lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+), and B lymphocytes (CD14+ and CD19+) were isolated using antibody-conjugated microbeads and magnetic field isolation to achieve high purity. A higher significant difference was observed between T-lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+), and B-lymphocytes (CD14+ and CD19+) cells in CL-infected groups before and after treatment (p < 0.0001). When compared, there was also a significant difference among T-lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+), B lymphocytes (CD14+ and CD19+) p < 0.0001, p < 0.0005, and p < 0.0007, respectively between CL-infected individuals (before and after treatment) to controls. Our findings suggest that an increased proportion of these cells seen in treated patients may mediate healing, while it is also possible that they may contribute to tissue injury. Understanding the immune system and lesion size of CL can help develop immunotherapies and comprehend the evolution of this parasitic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumaila Naz
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Aiman Aroosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Raza
- Department of Dermatology, Pak Emirates Military Hospital (MH), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Islam
- Department of Pathology, Government Lady Reading Hospital Medical Teaching Institution, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Anam Fatima
- Department of Medicine, Polyclinic Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yusuf Ozbel
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Seray Toz
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Obaid Hayat
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
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Rehan T, Tahir A, Sultan A, Alabbosh KF, Waseem S, Ul-Islam M, Khan KA, Ibrahim EH, Ullah MW, Shah N. Mitigation of Benzene-Induced Haematotoxicity in Sprague Dawley Rats through Plant-Extract-Loaded Silica Nanobeads. Toxics 2023; 11:865. [PMID: 37888715 PMCID: PMC10610980 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11100865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Benzene, a potent carcinogen, is known to cause acute myeloid leukaemia. While chemotherapy is commonly used for cancer treatment, its side effects have prompted scientists to explore natural products that can mitigate the haematotoxic effects induced by chemicals. One area of interest is nano-theragnostics, which aims to enhance the therapeutic potential of natural products. This study aimed to enhance the effects of methanolic extracts from Ocimum basilicum, Rosemarinus officinalis, and Thymus vulgaris by loading them onto silica nanobeads (SNBs) for targeted delivery to mitigate the benzene-induced haematotoxic effects. The SNBs, 48 nm in diameter, were prepared using a chemical method and were then loaded with the plant extracts. The plant-extract-loaded SNBs were then coated with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). The modified SNBs were characterized using various techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-visible spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The developed plant-extract-loaded and CMC-modified SNBs were administered intravenously to benzene-exposed rats, and haematological and histopathological profiling was conducted. Rats exposed to benzene showed increased liver and spleen weight, which was mitigated by the plant-extract-loaded SNBs. The differential white blood cell (WBC) count was higher in rats with benzene-induced haematotoxicity, but this count decreased significantly in rats treated with plant-extract-loaded SNBs. Additionally, blast cells observed in benzene-exposed rats were not found in rats treated with plant-extract-loaded SNBs. The SNBs facilitated targeted drug delivery of the three selected medicinal herbs at low doses. These results suggest that SNBs have promising potential as targeted drug delivery agents to mitigate haematotoxic effects induced by benzene in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touseef Rehan
- Department of Biochemistry, Women University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Anum Tahir
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Aneesa Sultan
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | | | - Shahid Waseem
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Ul-Islam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dhofar University, Salalah 211, Oman
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Research Center for
Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), Applied College, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Essam H. Ibrahim
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Blood Products Quality Control and Research Department, National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals, Cairo 12611, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Wajid Ullah
- Biofuels Institute, School of the Environmental and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Nasrullah Shah
- Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
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Naz S, Ali Z, Minhas A, Fatima A, Waseem S. Generation of dysbiotic microbiota in cutaneous Leishmaniasis and enhancement of skin inflammation. Microb Pathog 2023; 181:106202. [PMID: 37327948 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) affects millions of people globally and has a significant impact on morbidity and mortality. Innate immune mediators are likely to influence the clinical phenotype of CL through primary responses that restrict or facilitate parasite spread. The aim of the study was to bring to attention the significance of microbiota in the development of CL and emphasized the necessity of including the role of microbiota in CL while promoting a One Health approach for managing diseases. To achieve this, we used 16S amplicon metagenome sequencing and QIIME2 pipeline to analyze the microbiome composition of CL-infected patients compared to non-infected, healthy subjects. 16S sequencing analysis showed serum microbiome was dominated by Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteria. CL-infected individuals, Proteobacteria were the most prevalent (27.63 ± 9.79), with the relative abundance (10.73 ± 5.33) of Proteobacteria in control. Bacilli class was found to be the most prevalent in healthy controls (30.71 ± 8.44) while (20.57 ± 9.51) in CL-infected individuals. The class Alphaproteobacteria was found to be more in CL-infected individuals (5.47 ± 2.07) as compared to healthy controls (1.85 ± 0.39). The CL-infected individuals had a significantly lower relative abundance of the Clostridia class (p < 0.0001). An altered serum microbiome of CL infection and higher microbial abundance in the serum of healthy individuals was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumaila Naz
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, 46000, Pakistan.
| | - Zain Ali
- ABO SCIENTIFIC, Chakri Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Minhas
- Department of Dermatology, Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Quetta, 87300, Pakistan
| | - Anam Fatima
- Department of Medicine, Polyclinic Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Waseem S, Kyriakides J, Amiri AR, Shetty R, Shetty N, Chammaa R. Management strategies for the painless foot drop: a systematic review of the literature. Eur Spine J 2023; 32:1099-1105. [PMID: 36843147 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-023-07534-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Foot drop can uncommonly be a painless presenting symptom of degenerative spinal disorders. This systematic review aimed to summarise the literature on the management and outcomes of patients with a painless foot drop. METHODS We performed a systematic review of PubMed, EMBASE and Medline according to PRISMA guidelines. All studies published after 1980 in English referring to adult patients with a painless foot drop were included. Exclusion criteria included opinion based reports, review articles and articles in which foot drop was not caused by degenerative pathology of the thoracolumbar spine. RESULTS Of 62 included patients, 30 (48.4%) were male with an average age of 48.7 years (range 27-84). The mean duration of symptoms was 69.0 days (1-700). 98.8% were managed operatively. 46 (74.2%) patients had symptomatic improvement, with 41 (66.1%) having a post-intervention MRC power grading of 3 or above. Patients with a pre-procedure MRC 0 had a higher median increase in MRC post-procedure than those with MRC > 0. Of two studies comparing painful and painless symptoms, painless foot drop patients were less likely to recover to MRC equal to or over 3 than those with painful symptoms OR 0.31 (95% CI 0.04-2.65). CONCLUSION This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrates a role for surgery in facilitating the neurological recovery of patients with a painless foot drop. Large randomised controlled studies are required to characterise the role of operative intervention in these patients and compare outcomes between patients with painless and painful foot drop.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Waseem
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, The Whittington Hospital, Magdala Avenue, London, UK.
| | - J Kyriakides
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, The Whittington Hospital, Magdala Avenue, London, UK
| | - A R Amiri
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, The Whittington Hospital, Magdala Avenue, London, UK
| | - R Shetty
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, The Whittington Hospital, Magdala Avenue, London, UK
| | - N Shetty
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, The Whittington Hospital, Magdala Avenue, London, UK
| | - R Chammaa
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, The Whittington Hospital, Magdala Avenue, London, UK
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Waseem S, Romann R, Davies BM, Rawal J, Hull P, Carrothers A, Chou D. Major trauma care at a regional trauma centre during the COVID-19 lockdown in England. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2022; 104:594-599. [PMID: 34941462 PMCID: PMC9433184 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the presentation of many medical and surgical conditions, including major trauma. We aimed to assess how lockdown changed the presentation, severity and management of major trauma patients at our level 1 trauma centre in England. METHODS Data were collected retrospectively from the Trauma Audit and Research Network's database between 23 March and 28 April 2020 and compared with the same period in 2019. Collected data included patient demographics, and the mechanism, severity and management of injuries. RESULTS We experienced a 56.4% reduction in major trauma admissions during the lockdown period when compared with 2019. In 2020, more patients arrived in haemodynamic shock (25.3% vs 12.2%, p=0.02); however, Glasgow Coma Scale and Injury Severity Score were unchanged. A higher proportion of incidents occurred at home (37.2% vs 53.5%, p=0.018), with no difference in trauma secondary to substance abuse or assault. During lockdown, patients had a significantly shorter hospital (17 vs 10 days, p=0.029) and critical care stay (2 vs 1 day, p=0.033). A higher proportion of major trauma patients were assessed by specialty trainees in the emergency department in 2020 (12.8% vs 53.1%, p=0.0001) with a lower proportion assessed by a consultant (69.8% vs 46.7%, p=0.001). CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown drastically changed human behaviour, as reflected in the change in presentation of major trauma. Changes in the management of these patients reflect adaptive measures to manage the pressures generated by the worldwide pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Waseem
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - R Romann
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - J Rawal
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - P Hull
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - A Carrothers
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - D Chou
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Naz S, Aroosh A, Raza N, Islam A, Ozbel Y, Toz S, Ahmed H, Waseem S. Multiparametric approach to assess the disease severity and progression of cutaneous leishmaniasis infection. Acta Trop 2022; 235:106659. [PMID: 35988821 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL), an infection caused by Leishmania tropica (L. tropica) and Leishmania major (L. major) is primarily determined by inflammation-mediated immune cells. The immune response mainly depends on cells and molecules related to T-cells that influence susceptibility and disease development. Understanding the immunological mechanisms that cause tissue injury or lesion healing is critical for developing appropriate treatment strategies. In the present study, T-cells profile and cell-free mitochondrial DNA (CF mt-DNA) were investigated in CL patients infected with L. tropica (n = 34) and L. major (n = 2) and compared with non-infected healthy controls (n = 20). There was a significant (p<0.0001) difference between CD4+ T-cells among L. tropica and L. major CL-infected groups as compared to control while no significant difference (p = 0.8597) was found in the percentages of CD8+ T-cells. When L. tropica and L. major CL-infected individuals were compared to controls, the levels of IL-4 and expression of CF mt-DNA were significantly higher (p<0.0001). Higher levels of CF mt-DNA were detected in CL patients, irrespective of the infective Leishmania species. We proposed that the levels of CF mt-DNA and IL-4 in CL-infected individuals can be used to determine the disease progression. A better understanding of these biomarkers and evaluation of the immune responses in CL patients might benefit the development of vaccines and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumaila Naz
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Aiman Aroosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Raza
- Department of Dermatology, Pak Emirates Military Hospital (MH), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Islam
- Department of Pathology, Government Lady Reading Hospital Medical Teaching Institution, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Yusuf Ozbel
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Seray Toz
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Haroon Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
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Rashid U, Yousaf A, Yaqoob M, Saba E, Moaeen-Ud-Din M, Waseem S, Becker SK, Sponder G, Aschenbach JR, Sandhu MA. Characterization and differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from multiple canine adipose tissue sources. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:388. [PMID: 34922529 PMCID: PMC8684202 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03100-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are undifferentiated cells that can give rise to a mesoderm lineage. Adipose-derived MSCs are an easy and accessible source for MSCs isolation, although each source of MSC has its own advantages and disadvantages. Our study identifies a promising source for the isolation and differentiation of canines MSCs. For this purpose, adipose tissue from inguinal subcutaneous (SC), perirenal (PR), omental (OM), and infrapatellar fat pad (IPFP) was isolated and processed for MSCs isolation. In the third passage, MSCs proliferation/metabolism, surface markers expression, in vitro differentiation potential and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (CD73, CD90, CD105, PPARγ, FabP4, FAS, SP7, Osteopontin, and Osteocalcin) were evaluated. Results Our results showed that MSCs derived from IPFP have a higher proliferation rate, while OM-derived MSCs have higher cell metabolism. In addition, MSCs from all adipose tissue sources showed positive expression of CD73 (NT5E), CD90 (THY1), CD105 (ENDOGLIN), and very low expression of CD45. The isolated canine MSCs were successfully differentiated into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. The oil-red-O quantification and adipogenic gene expression (FAS, FabP4, and PPARγ) were higher in OM-derived cells, followed by IPFP-MSCs. Similarly, in osteogenic differentiation, alkaline phosphatase activity and osteogenic gene (SP7 and Osteocalcin) expression were higher in OM-derived MSCs, while osteopontin expression was higher in PR-derived MSCs. Conclusion In summary, among all four adipose tissue sources, OM-derived MSCs have better differentiation potential toward adipo- and osteogenic lineages, followed by IPFP-MSCs. Interestingly, among all adipose tissue sources, MSCs derived from IPFP have the maximum proliferation potential. The characterization and differentiation potential of canine MSCs isolated from four different adipose tissue sources are useful to assess their potential for application in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Rashid
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Arfan Yousaf
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yaqoob
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Evelyn Saba
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Moaeen-Ud-Din
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | | | - Sandra K Becker
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Sponder
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg R Aschenbach
- Institute of Veterinary-Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mansur Abdullah Sandhu
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan.
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Lenihan J, Waseem S, Rawal J, Hull P, Carrothers A, Chou D. 1022 Equivalent Management for All Fragility Fractures Occurring in The Older Patient. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Neck of femur fractures (NOFs) are painful and occur in a vulnerable group of our population. Complications occur if their pain is under treated. Optimal management in the United Kingdom is governed by Best Practice Tariff (BPT). This was extended in 2020 without supporting published evidence to include all femur fractures (ROFs).
We sought to compare PRPS for NOFs and ROFs throughout hospital admission.
Method
We performed a retrospective matched analysis of all isolated osteoporotic ROFs to NOFs at our centre between 2018-2019. We analysed electronic patient records for relevant data. Matching criteria included Age +/- 2 years; cognition; walking aids; ASA; and social residence. Primary outcome measure was patient-reported pain scores (PRPS) at set time points. Secondary outcome measures were peripheral nerve blocks (PNB); patient controlled analgesia (PCA); time to surgery; anaesthetic type; length of stay (LOS); weightbearing status and 30-day mortality. Data was statistically analysed.
Results
11 ROFs were matched to 104 NOFs. There was no statistical difference between the two groups for age, sex, nor cognition and no difference in time to surgery; anaesthetic type; LOS; nor 30-day mortality. ROFs were more painful at all time points although not statistically significant. ROFs were more likely to have traction; PCA both pre- and post-operatively and not to weight bear. NOFs were more likely to have a PNB.
Conclusions
ROFs are as painful if not more so than NOFs. Few ROFs receive PNB and require PCA. Better control of symptoms may improve outcomes. We support the extension of BPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lenihan
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - S Waseem
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J Rawal
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - P Hull
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - A Carrothers
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - D Chou
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Waseem S, Lenihan J, Davies B, Rawal J, Hull P, Carrothers A, Chou D. 1514 Higher Mortality in Pelvic Acetabular Fractures Is Associated with Lower Body Mass Index. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.1059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
Fractures of the pelvis and acetabulum can be life-threatening or life changing injuries. Multiple factors can contribute to outcome including age, frailty, and baseline nutritional status. The aim of this study was to identify if low BMI (<18.5) was a predictor of outcome for patients with such injuries in terms of morbidity and mortality.
Method
We retrospectively analysed 1033 patients with pelvic or acetabular fractures referred to a single level 1 major trauma centre over a 4.5-year period (August 2015 - January 2020). Of these patients, 569 were admitted to the centre and included in our analysis. Data was collected on demographics, injury pattern, operative intervention, and complications. Comparison was made between patients that were underweight (BMI<18.5) and patients that were not, for in-hospital and post discharge complications including pulmonary embolus (PE), deep venous thrombosis (DVT), ileus, infection, loss of reduction and mortality at 6 months.
Results
Underweight patients had a statistically significant increase in mortality both in-hospital (p = 0.019) and at 6 months post injury (p = 0.039) when compared to other BMI groups. No statistical significance was found between these BMI groups comparing morbidity: DVT (p = 0.712), PE (p = 0.736) nor ileus (p = 0.149). Covariate analysis showed that a low BMI was associated with 3 times increased in-hospital mortality after correction for age and energy of injury (adjusted OR 3.028, 95% CI 1.059-8.659).
Conclusions
This study suggests increased mortality in patients with pelvic or acetabular fractures who are underweight. Surgeons should consider these findings in initiating appropriate peri-operative optimisation for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Waseem
- Cambridge Orthopaedic Pelvic Unit (COPU), Addenbrookes Major Trauma Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J Lenihan
- Cambridge Orthopaedic Pelvic Unit (COPU), Addenbrookes Major Trauma Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - B Davies
- Division of Trauma and Orthopaedics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J Rawal
- Cambridge Orthopaedic Pelvic Unit (COPU), Addenbrookes Major Trauma Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - P Hull
- Cambridge Orthopaedic Pelvic Unit (COPU), Addenbrookes Major Trauma Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - A Carrothers
- Cambridge Orthopaedic Pelvic Unit (COPU), Addenbrookes Major Trauma Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - D Chou
- Cambridge Orthopaedic Pelvic Unit (COPU), Addenbrookes Major Trauma Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Waseem S, Romann R, Lenihan J, Rawal J, Carrothers A, Hull P, Chou D. 1550 Experience from A Level-1 Major Trauma Centre in England of Trauma Epidemiology After Easing of Lockdown Restrictions. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
The COVID-19 pandemic transformed trauma care. We examined the effect of lockdown easing on trauma presentation and management.
Method
Data was retrospectively analysed from Trauma Audit and Research Network (TARN) on patients presenting to one Major Trauma Centre in the East of England with trauma. The first 47 days of lockdown (23rd March-9th May 2020, period 1) were compared with the next (10th May- 26th June 2020, period 2) and last 47 (27th June- 13th August 2020, period 3). Data collected included demographics, mechanism and severity of injury, management, and length of stay.
Results
1,249 patients were included; 62.2% were male with a mean age of 57.73. Footfall declined in April 2020 compared with 2019 (56 vs 143) but rebounded by May (123 v 120 patients). Road traffic collisions increased over periods 1-3 (18.8% v 23% v 30.1%, p = 0.038); deliberate self-harm (DSH) increased in period 2 compared with 1 and 3 (6.3% v 3.4% v 1.4%, p = 0.03) respectively. The 2020 patient age was younger than 2019, with less trauma relating to alcohol (7.3% v 13.2%, p = 0.009). Compared with 2019 reductions in total length of stay (14.1 v 17.4 days, p = <0.001), critical care length of stay (2.3 v 2.9 days, p = 0.04) and consultant driven care (54.9% v 64.9%, p < 0.001) were noted in lockdown.
Conclusions
Our study suggests that after lockdown easing, trauma footfall rapidly rebounded to 2019 levels. This should be acknowledged in resource allocation decisions if future lockdowns are necessitated.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Waseem
- Cambridge Orthopaedic Trauma Unit (COTU) Addenbrookes Major Trauma Centre Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - R Romann
- Cambridge Orthopaedic Trauma Unit (COTU) Addenbrookes Major Trauma Centre Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J Lenihan
- Cambridge Orthopaedic Trauma Unit (COTU) Addenbrookes Major Trauma Centre Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J Rawal
- Cambridge Orthopaedic Trauma Unit (COTU) Addenbrookes Major Trauma Centre Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - A Carrothers
- Cambridge Orthopaedic Trauma Unit (COTU) Addenbrookes Major Trauma Centre Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - P Hull
- Cambridge Orthopaedic Trauma Unit (COTU) Addenbrookes Major Trauma Centre Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - D Chou
- Cambridge Orthopaedic Trauma Unit (COTU) Addenbrookes Major Trauma Centre Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Lenihan J, Waseem S, Rawal J, Hull P, Carrothers A, Chou D. 1036 Operative Versus Non-Operative Management of Osteoporotic Femoral Fractures. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
he incidence of diaphyseal and distal osteoporotic femoral fractures (OFFs) is increasing. This cohort of patients is often frail with multiple medical co-morbidities. No published data exists neither reporting severity of pain associated with these fractures nor pain in managing their fractures. There are no comparative studies investigating outcomes between conservative (CM) and surgical management (SM). We investigated pain and outcomes between CM and SM OFFs.
Method
We retrospectively analysed all OFFs admitted to our unit between 2018-2019. We analysed electronic patient records including patient-reported pain scores (PRPS). PRPS were calculated for set time periods: admission; 0-24hours CM versus day 1 post-operative; day 2-3; day 4-5. Primary outcome measure was PRPS. Secondary outcome measures included use of traction; PCA use; weightbearing status; length of stay (LOS); 30 day and 1 year mortality. Data was statistically analysed using SPSS software.
Results
22 patients were recruited (11CM, 11SM). There was no statistical difference between groups in terms of age; sex; cognition; Charlson Index; nor pre-morbid mobility status. There was no statistical difference for pain at admission nor PCA use. SM were less painful in the first 24-hour period postoperatively and in the first 3-day postoperative period compared to the same time period in CM. There was no difference in PRPS for the 72–120-hour period. There was no statistical difference between LOS; NWB status; 30 day nor 1 year mortality.
Conclusions
Operating on OFFs reduces pain in the perioperative period without increasing mortality or LOS in this frail population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lenihan
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - S Waseem
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J Rawal
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - P Hull
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - A Carrothers
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - D Chou
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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12
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Ali Z, Shahzadi I, Majeed A, Malik HMT, Waseem S, Ahmed I, Anis RA, Saeed S, Anees M. Comparative analysis of the serum microbiome of HIV infected individuals. Genomics 2021; 113:4015-4021. [PMID: 34637930 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
HIV infects the CD4 cells which marks the suppression of our immune system. DNA from serum of healthy, treated and untreated HIV infected individuals was extracted. The DNA was subjected to 16S metagenomic sequencing and analyzed using QIIME2 pipeline. 16S sequencing analysis showed serum microbiome was dominated by Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota and Actinobacteria. Treated HIV infection showed highest abundance of Firmicutes (66.40%) significantly higher than untreated HIV infection (35.88%) and control (41.89%). Bacilli was most abundant class in treated (63.59%) and second most abundant in untreated (34.53%) while control group showed highest abundance of class Gamma-proteobacteria (45.86%). Untreated HIV infection group showed Enterococcus (10.72%) and Streptococcus (6.599%) as the most abundant species. Untreated HIV infection showed significantly higher (p = 0.0039) species richness than treated and control groups. An altered serum microbiome of treated HIV infection and higher microbial abundance in serum of untreated HIV infection was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Iram Shahzadi
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aqsa Majeed
- Alpha Genomics (Pvt) Ltd., Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Ibrar Ahmed
- Alpha Genomics (Pvt) Ltd., Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Aysha Anis
- Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, University of Lahore, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Saeed
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Mariam Anees
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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13
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Abbassi O, Waseem S, Murphy S, Roszpopa J, Nizamoglu M, Patel AJK, Durrani AJ. Non-melanoma skin cancer activity during the COVID-19 pandemic- A single UK tertiary centre experience. JPRAS Open 2021; 32:211-213. [PMID: 33907705 PMCID: PMC8062407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpra.2021.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, also known as COVID-19, has generated shockwaves in medical and surgical practice. It has necessitated re-deployment of staff and resources to cater for the unpredictable increase in footfall and demand on healthcare systems. This study aimed to investigate how the restructuring of our service altered the triage and management of non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) during the pandemic's first wave rise and peak. We retrospectively analysed all patients who underwent a skin excision under local anaesthetic which revealed the presence of a basal cell carcinoma (BCC) or squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) on histopathological analysis between 1st February 2020 - 31st May 2020 compared with the same period in 2019. There was a 158% increase in patients with excision of lesions confirmed on histopathological analysis as a NMSC during the COVID-19 period (168 vs. 65). In 2020, more excisions were performed by consultants (42.9% v 21.5%, p = 0.002) with a lower proportion of excisions with a close margin (27.7% v 17.8%, p = 0.096) and an involved margin (3.1% v 1.8%, p = 0.62). Five of these patients had their further management altered due to service constraints at this time The resource constraints secondary to the pandemic have yielded beneficial service adaptations with the incorporation of a more efficient model for the NMSC service. The sustainability of this model and its impact on training will require further examination when non-urgent and benign elective workload is slowly reinstated and plastic surgery trainees return to their original posts.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Abbassi
- Addenbrooke's Hospital,Hills Road, Cambridge CB20QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Waseem
- Addenbrooke's Hospital,Hills Road, Cambridge CB20QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Murphy
- Addenbrooke's Hospital,Hills Road, Cambridge CB20QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J Roszpopa
- Addenbrooke's Hospital,Hills Road, Cambridge CB20QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M Nizamoglu
- Addenbrooke's Hospital,Hills Road, Cambridge CB20QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A J K Patel
- Addenbrooke's Hospital,Hills Road, Cambridge CB20QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A J Durrani
- Addenbrooke's Hospital,Hills Road, Cambridge CB20QQ, United Kingdom
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14
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Islam M, Abdullah, Zubaida B, Amin N, Khan RI, Shafqat N, Masood R, Waseem S, Tahir J, Ahmed I, Naeem M, Ahmad H. Agro-Morphological, Yield, and Genotyping-by-Sequencing Data of Selected Wheat ( Triticum aestivum) Germplasm From Pakistan. Front Genet 2021; 12:617772. [PMID: 34163518 PMCID: PMC8216712 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.617772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Islam
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Bibi Zubaida
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Nageena Amin
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Iqbal Khan
- Institute of Horticultural Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Noshin Shafqat
- Department of Agriculture, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Masood
- Department of Botany, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | | | - Jibran Tahir
- Terrestrial Bioscience New Zealand Limited, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ibrar Ahmed
- Alpha Genomics Private Limited, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naeem
- Federal Seed Certification and Registration Department, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Habib Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
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15
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Khan A, Sajid R, Gul S, Hussain A, Zehri MT, Naz S, Simsek S, Waseem S, Afzal MS, Naqvi SKUH, Qasim M, Ahmed H. Epidemiological and pathological characteristics of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis from Baluchistan Province of Pakistan. Parasitology 2021; 148:591-597. [PMID: 33353570 PMCID: PMC10950375 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182020002413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) is considered a neglected tropical disease which in Pakistan can now be considered as a growing public health problem. The exact figures on the magnitude of the disease are lacking both at the national and regional level and only a few health centres are available for diagnosis of CL. The present study was designed to identify the epidemiology of CL infection from August 2018 to December 2019 and to assess clinical aspects of CL in Baluchistan Province of Pakistan. A total of 4072 clinically suspected CL cases were analysed statistically. The highest number of CL cases were reported in May, followed by April, January and then July, February and June and the lowest number of cases were observed in March and November. The highest prevalence rate was found in males where 38% of reported cases were aged 0-9 years. The majority (24.4%) of lesions were found on the hands followed by the face in which cheeks, ears and nose were the effected organs. About 50% of the participants have single lesion while 14% of the participants had two and nearly 3% of the participants have six lesions. The atypical clinical presentations were observed in Baluchistan and common unusual presentations were lupus erythematosus. The study findings suggest that more epidemiological studies and health education campaigns are needed for the population awareness regarding CL in Baluchistan. It is recommended that risk factors should be evaluated to establish control and management strategies to prevent disease at the individual and community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Khan
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rawan Sajid
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaista Gul
- Department of histopathology, Bolan Medical Complex Hospital, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Ashiq Hussain
- Department of Microbiology, Bolan Medical Complex Hospital, Quetta, Pakistan
| | | | - Shumaila Naz
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Sami Simsek
- Department of Parasitology, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Shahid Waseem
- Alpha Genomics Pvt. Ltd. Plot 4-C, Danyal Plaza, Block A, Main Double Road, PWD, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Afzal
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Management & Technology (UMT), Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Economics, Finance and Statistics, Jönköping International Business School, Jönköping University, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Haroon Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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16
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Bibi Z, Fatima A, Rani R, Maqbool A, Khan S, Naz S, Waseem S. Genetic characterization of Plasmodium vivax isolates from Pakistan using circumsporozoite protein (pvcsp) and merozoite surface protein-1 (pvmsp-1) genes as genetic markers. Malar J 2021; 20:112. [PMID: 33632220 PMCID: PMC7908770 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03654-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Plasmodium vivax contributes to over 70% malaria burden in Pakistan, but limited data exists on various aspects including genetic diversity of the parasite as compared to other parts of the world. Since the information about the genetic diversity of P. vivax assists to understand the population dynamics of the parasite, the current study was designed to understand population divergence of P. vivax in Pakistan using circumsporozoite protein (pvcsp) and merozoite surface protein-1 (pvmsp-1) genes as molecular markers. Methods The PCR for pvcsp and pvmsp-1 genes was carried out for 150 P. vivax isolates, followed by DNA sequencing of 35 and 30, respectively. Genetic diversity and polymorphism were analysed using ChromasPro, ClustalW, MEGA7, DnaSP v.5 and WebLogo programs. Results The PCR for pvcsp and pvmsp-1 genes was carried out for 150 P. vivax isolates and resulting the PCR products of 1100 bp for pvcsp and ~ 400 bp for pvmsp-1 genes, respectively. In the central-repeat region (CRR) of pvcsp gene, sequences comprised of four variable repeats of PRMs, out of which GDRADGQPA (PRM1), GDRAAGQPA (PRM2) were more extensively dispersed among the P. vivax isolates. Partial sequences (~ 400 bp) of block 2 of pvmsp-1 gene depicted high level of diversity. Conclusion The results revealed the polymorphism and genetic diversity especially at the CRR of pvcsp and block 2 of pvmsp-1 genes, respectively. The base-line data presented here warrants future studies to investigate more into the genetic diversity of P. vivax with large sample size from across the country for better understanding of population dynamics of P. vivax that will help to control malaria at individual and community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Bibi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anam Fatima
- Department of Medicine, Polyclinic Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rehana Rani
- Department of Life Sciences, Abasyn University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Maqbool
- Department of Molecular Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Samea Khan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shumaila Naz
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Shahid Waseem
- Alpha Genomics (Pvt) Ltd, Islamabad, Pakistan. .,ABO SCIENTIFIC, Dhamial Road, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
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17
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Waseem S, Nayar S, Hull P, Carrothers A, Rawal J, Chou D, Khanduja V. The global burden of trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review. J Clin Orthop Trauma 2021; 12:200-207. [PMID: 33223749 PMCID: PMC7666557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcot.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose; The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated profound adaptations in the delivery of healthcare to manage a rise in critically unwell patients. In an attempt to slow the spread of the virus nationwide lockdown restrictions were introduced. This review aims to scope the literature on the impact of the pandemic and subsequent lockdown on the presentation and management of trauma globally. Methods; A scoping review was conducted in accordance with PRISMA-ScR guidelines. A systematic search was carried out on the Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane databases to identify papers investigating presentation and management of trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic. All studies based on patients admitted with orthopaedic trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic were included. Exclusion criteria were opinion-based reports, reviews, studies that did not provide quantitative data and papers not in English. Results; 665 studies were screened, with 57 meeting the eligibility criteria. Studies reported on the footfall of trauma in the UK, Europe, Asia, USA, Australia and New Zealand. A total of 29,591 patients during the pandemic were considered. Mean age was 43.7 years (range <1-103); 54.8% were male. Reported reductions in trauma footfall ranged from 20.3% to 84.6%, with a higher proportion of trauma occurring secondary to interpersonal violence, deliberate self-harm and falls from a height. A decrease was seen in road traffic collisions, sports injuries and trauma occurring outdoors. There was no significant change in the proportion of patients managed operatively, and the number of trauma patients reported to be COVID-19 positive was low. Conclusion; Whilst the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has caused a reduction in the number of trauma patients; the services managing trauma have continued to function despite infrastructural, personnel and pathway changes in health systems. The substantial effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on elective orthopaedics is well described, however the contents of this review evidence minimal change in the delivery of effective trauma care despite resource constraints during this global COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Waseem
- Major Trauma Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB20QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S.K. Nayar
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, Whittington Hospital, Madgala Avenue, London, N195NF, United Kingdom
| | - P. Hull
- Major Trauma Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB20QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A. Carrothers
- Major Trauma Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB20QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J. Rawal
- Major Trauma Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB20QQ, United Kingdom
| | - D. Chou
- Major Trauma Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB20QQ, United Kingdom
| | - V. Khanduja
- Major Trauma Centre, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB20QQ, United Kingdom,Corresponding author. Institutional address: Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB20QQ, United Kingdom
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18
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Abstract
Objective: Cell Free mitochondrial DNA (CF mt-DNA) has emerged as a novel biomarker to investigate disease pathophysiology of different infections. The present study was designed to elucidate the association between CF mt-DNA, IL-6 and viral load in HIV, HBV and HCV infections and predict its role as a potential biomarker to assess the disease severity in viral infections. Methods: Total 120 blood samples were collected from January 2018 to December 2018 of HIV, HBV and HCV patients and healthy controls (30 samples in each group). DNA and RNA were extracted from the serum to determine the levels of CF mt-DNA and viral load, respectively. IL-6 from the serum of infected individuals was quantified with ELISA. Results: HCV patients showed the highest levels of CF mt-DNA, IL-6 and viral load, followed by HBV and HIV. Significant correlation was found between CF mt-DNA and IL-6 among the HBV patients (p=0.017). However, no significant correlation of CF mt-DNA was observed with IL-6 in HIV and HCV or with the viral load in any of the three infections. Conclusion: Elevated CF mt-DNA indicates its role in severity of viral infections. Independence of CF mt-DNA expression from viral load and IL-6 in case of HIV and HCV suggests involvement of other inflammatory pathways regulating CF mt-DNA elevation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zain Ali
- Zain Ali, MPhil. Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Waseem
- Shahid Waseem, Ph.D. Alpha Genomics Private Limited, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Aysha Anis
- Riffat Aysha Anis, Ph.D. Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Islamabad Campus, Pakistan
| | - Mariam Anees
- Mariam Anees, Ph.D. Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Abdullah, Shahzadi I, Mehmood F, Ali Z, Malik MS, Waseem S, Mirza B, Ahmed I, Waheed MT. Comparative analyses of chloroplast genomes among three Firmiana species: Identification of mutational hotspots and phylogenetic relationship with other species of Malvaceae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2019.100199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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20
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Waseem S, Audet J, Viswanathan S. Statistical modeling to optimize the manufacturing process of mesenchymal stromal cells. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.02.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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21
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Lawrence CHD, Waseem S, Newsholme W, Klein JL. Trueperella bernardiae: an unusual cause of septic thrombophlebitis in an injection drug user. New Microbes New Infect 2018; 26:89-91. [PMID: 30310680 PMCID: PMC6178208 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical spectrum of human disease caused by Trueperella bernardiae is poorly described, partly as a result of historical difficulties with microbial identification. With the introduction of powerful new technologies, such as matrix-assisted desorption ionization–time of flight mass spectrometry, into routine microbiology laboratories, new insights into diseases caused by such organisms are being made. Here we report a case of septic thrombophlebitis with bacteraemia caused by this organism, together with a retrospective description of laboratory isolation of this organism over a period of 6 years in a hospital in London, UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H D Lawrence
- Department of Infection, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - S Waseem
- Department of Surgery, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - W Newsholme
- Department of Infection, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - J L Klein
- Department of Infection, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
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22
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Waseem S, Bhatt S, Viswanathan S, Audet J. Statistical modeling to optimize the culture of mesenchymal stromal cells. Cytotherapy 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2018.02.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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23
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Waseem S, Ur-Rehman K, Kumar R, Mahmood T. Hemozoin Enhances Maturation of Murine Bone Marrow Derived Macrophages and Myeloid Dendritic Cells. Iran J Immunol 2016; 13:1-8. [PMID: 27026041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falciparum malaria is a severe health burden worldwide. Antigen presenting cells are reported to be affected by erythrocytic stage of the parasite. Malarial hemozoin (HZ), a metabolite of malaria parasite, has adjuvant properties and may play a role in the induction of immune response against the parasite. OBJECTIVE To determine the immunological impact of hemozoin on the capacity of innate immune cells maturation. METHODS Plasmodium falciparum (F32 strain) was cultured in O+ blood group up to 18% parasitemia. Natural hemozoin was extracted from infected red blood cells. Murine bone marrow derived macrophages and myeloid dendritic cells were stimulated with 4 μg/mL or 40 μg/mL of synthetic hemozoin (β-hematin) or natural hemozoin. We assessed the immunomodulatory role of synthetic or natural hemozoinin vitro by flowcytometric analysis. RESULTS The maturation markers MHC-II, CD80 and CD86 were significantly upregulated (p<0.05) on the surface of murine bone marrow derived macrophages or myeloid dendritic cells. Data confirmed the potential of macrophages or myeloid dendritic cells, through hemozoin activation, to establish an innate immune response against malaria parasites. CONCLUSION Both synthetic and natural hemozoin are potent inducers of cellular immunity against malaria infection. However, natural hemozoin is a stronger inducer as compared to synthetic hemozoin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Waseem
- Department of Biochemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan, e-mail:
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24
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Arama C, Waseem S, Fernández C, Assefaw-Redda Y, You L, Rodriguez A, Radošević K, Goudsmit J, Kaufmann SHE, Reece ST, Troye-Blomberg M. A recombinant Bacille Calmette-Guérin construct expressing the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein enhances dendritic cell activation and primes for circumsporozoite-specific memory cells in BALB/c mice. Vaccine 2011; 30:5578-84. [PMID: 21983157 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A protective malaria vaccine may induce both high levels of neutralising antibodies and strong T-cell responses. The Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein (CSp) is a leading pre-erythrocytic vaccine candidate. CSp is a week immunogen per se, but Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has excellent adjuvant activity and has been utilized as a vector to deliver heterologous vaccine candidate antigens. It is safe in immunocompetent individuals and inexpensive to produce. We assessed in vitro and in vivo a recombinant BCG-expressing CSp (BCG-CS) as malaria vaccine candidate. Immunisation of BALB/c mice with BCG-CS augmented numbers of dendritic cells (DCs) in draining lymph nodes and in the spleen. The activation markers MHC-class-II, CD40, CD80 and CD86 on DCs were significantly upregulated by BCG-CS as compared to wild-type BCG (wt-BCG). In vitro stimulation of bone marrow-derived DCs and macrophages with BCG-CS induced IL-12 and TNF-α production. BCG-CS induced higher phagocytic activity in macrophages as compared to wt-BCG. Immunogenicity studies show that BCG-CS induced CS-specific antibodies and IFN-γ-producing memory cells. In conclusion, BCG-CS is highly efficient in activating antigen-presenting cells (APCs) for priming of adaptive immunity. Implications for the rational design of novel vaccines against malaria and TB, the two major devastating poverty-related diseases, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Arama
- Department of Immunology, Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Sweden
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Farooqi AA, Mukhtar S, Riaz AM, Waseem S, Minhaj S, Dilawar BA, Malik BA, Nawaz A, Bhatti S. Wnt and SHH in prostate cancer: trouble mongers occupy the TRAIL towards apoptosis. Cell Prolif 2011; 44:508-15. [PMID: 21973075 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2011.00784.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a serious molecular disorder that arises because of reduction in tumour suppressors and overexpression of oncogenes. The malignant cells survive within the context of a three-dimensional microenvironment in which they are exposed to mechanical and physical cues. These signals are, nonetheless, deregulated through perturbations to mechanotransduction, from the nanoscale level to the tissue level. Increasingly sophisticated interpretations have uncovered significant contributions of signal transduction cascades in governing prostate cancer progression. To dismantle the major determinants that lie beneath disruption of spatiotemporal patterns of activity, crosstalk between various signalling cascades and their opposing and promoting effects on TRAIL-mediated activities cannot be ruled out. It is important to focus on that molecular multiplicity of cancer cells, various phenotypes reflecting expression of a variety of target oncogenes, reversible to irreversible, exclusive, overlapping or linked, coexist and compete with each other. Comprehensive investigations into TRAIL-mediated mitochondrial dynamics will remain a worthwhile area for underlining causes of tumourigenesis and for unravelling interference options.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Farooqi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Pakistan.
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Abstract
As many as half of all patients with Parkinson's disease experience pain related to their condition. Once this relationship is recognized, the pain can be managed by achieving better control of the disease. In this article, Drs Waseem and Gwinn-Hardy discuss the many causes of this type of pain, which include disease complications and primary sensory pain syndromes. They also present and evaluate the treatment options available.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Waseem
- Department of Movement Disorders and Neurogenetics, Mayo Medical School, 4500 San Pablo Rd, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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