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Naz S, Aroosh A, Raza N, Islam A, Fatima A, Ozbel Y, Toz S, Hayat O, Waseem S. Comparative analysis of the severity and progression of cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania tropica in untreated and glucantime-treated patients. Acta Trop 2023; 248:107023. [PMID: 37717686 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.107023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Millions of people worldwide are affected by cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), a disease that has a significant impact on morbidity and mortality. Understanding the immune responses responsible for tissue damage or the process of lesion healing plays a pivotal role in shaping optimal treatment strategies. In this study, we investigated immunological phenotypes for three groups: glucantime treated (n = 30) and untreated (n = 30) CL patients infected with Leishmania tropica (L. tropica), and healthy controls (n = 20). T-lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+), and B lymphocytes (CD14+ and CD19+) were isolated using antibody-conjugated microbeads and magnetic field isolation to achieve high purity. A higher significant difference was observed between T-lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+), and B-lymphocytes (CD14+ and CD19+) cells in CL-infected groups before and after treatment (p < 0.0001). When compared, there was also a significant difference among T-lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+), B lymphocytes (CD14+ and CD19+) p < 0.0001, p < 0.0005, and p < 0.0007, respectively between CL-infected individuals (before and after treatment) to controls. Our findings suggest that an increased proportion of these cells seen in treated patients may mediate healing, while it is also possible that they may contribute to tissue injury. Understanding the immune system and lesion size of CL can help develop immunotherapies and comprehend the evolution of this parasitic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumaila Naz
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Aiman Aroosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Raza
- Department of Dermatology, Pak Emirates Military Hospital (MH), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Islam
- Department of Pathology, Government Lady Reading Hospital Medical Teaching Institution, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Anam Fatima
- Department of Medicine, Polyclinic Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yusuf Ozbel
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Seray Toz
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Obaid Hayat
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Life Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
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Naz S, Aroosh A, Raza N, Islam A, Ozbel Y, Toz S, Ahmed H, Waseem S. Multiparametric approach to assess the disease severity and progression of cutaneous leishmaniasis infection. Acta Trop 2022; 235:106659. [PMID: 35988821 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The pathophysiology of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL), an infection caused by Leishmania tropica (L. tropica) and Leishmania major (L. major) is primarily determined by inflammation-mediated immune cells. The immune response mainly depends on cells and molecules related to T-cells that influence susceptibility and disease development. Understanding the immunological mechanisms that cause tissue injury or lesion healing is critical for developing appropriate treatment strategies. In the present study, T-cells profile and cell-free mitochondrial DNA (CF mt-DNA) were investigated in CL patients infected with L. tropica (n = 34) and L. major (n = 2) and compared with non-infected healthy controls (n = 20). There was a significant (p<0.0001) difference between CD4+ T-cells among L. tropica and L. major CL-infected groups as compared to control while no significant difference (p = 0.8597) was found in the percentages of CD8+ T-cells. When L. tropica and L. major CL-infected individuals were compared to controls, the levels of IL-4 and expression of CF mt-DNA were significantly higher (p<0.0001). Higher levels of CF mt-DNA were detected in CL patients, irrespective of the infective Leishmania species. We proposed that the levels of CF mt-DNA and IL-4 in CL-infected individuals can be used to determine the disease progression. A better understanding of these biomarkers and evaluation of the immune responses in CL patients might benefit the development of vaccines and immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumaila Naz
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - Aiman Aroosh
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Naeem Raza
- Department of Dermatology, Pak Emirates Military Hospital (MH), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Islam
- Department of Pathology, Government Lady Reading Hospital Medical Teaching Institution, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Yusuf Ozbel
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Seray Toz
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Bornova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Haroon Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
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Khatoon S, Aroosh A, Islam A, Kalsoom S, Ahmad F, Hameed S, Abbasi SW, Yasinzai M, Naseer MM. Novel coumarin-isatin hybrids as potent antileishmanial agents: Synthesis, in silico and in vitro evaluations. Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104816. [PMID: 33799180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis being one of the six major tropical diseases that affects nearly 0.7-1.3 million people annually, has so far limited and high toxic therapeutic options. Herein, we report the synthesis, in silico, and in vitro evaluations of novel coumarin-incorporated isatin hydrazones (Spf-1 - Spf-10) as highly potent and safe antileishmanial agents. Molecular docking was initially carried out to decipher the binding confirmation of lead molecules towards the active cavity of the target protein (Leishmanolysin gp63) of Leishmania tropica. Among all the docked compounds, only Spf-6, Spf-8, and Spf-10 showed high binding affinities due to a pattern of strong conventional hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic π-interactions. The molecular dynamics simulations showed the stable pattern of such bonding and structure-based confirmation with a time scale of 50 ns towards the top compound (Spf-10) and protein. These analyses affirmed the high stability of the system. Three out of ten compounds evaluated for their antileishmanial activity against Leishmania tropica promastigotes and amastigotes were found to be active at micromolar concentrations (IC50 range 0.1-4.13 μmol/L), and most importantly, they were also found to be highly biocompatible when screened for their toxicity in human erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Khatoon
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Aiman Aroosh
- Suleiman Bin Abdullah Aba Akhail - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science (SA-CIRBS), Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Islam
- Suleiman Bin Abdullah Aba Akhail - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science (SA-CIRBS), Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; Department of Pathology, Government Lady Reading Hospital Medical Teaching Institution, Peshawar, KPK, Pakistan
| | - Saima Kalsoom
- Suleiman Bin Abdullah Aba Akhail - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science (SA-CIRBS), Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Faisal Ahmad
- National Center for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Hameed
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sumra Wajid Abbasi
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Masoom Yasinzai
- Suleiman Bin Abdullah Aba Akhail - Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Science (SA-CIRBS), Faculty of Basic & Applied Sciences, International Islamic University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Moazzam Naseer
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
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