1
|
Prasad T, Mahapatra A, Sharma T, Sahoo CR, Padhy RN. Dihydropyrimidinones as potent anticancer agents: Insight into the structure-activity relationship. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2023:e2200664. [PMID: 36942985 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a serious disease that has been around for a long time but currently has no sustainable solution. Several medications currently available offer an opportunity for the manifestation of cancer treatment; however, the "search for better" has led to the development and study of a variety of new scaffolds. Dihydropyrimidinones (DHPMs) are a privileged scaffold, prominent for their versatile range of biological activities. In recent years, the anticancer potential of these unsaturated pyrimidine ring systems has been traversed, along with their synthesis methods and the interlinked mechanisms leading to the anticancer activity. This review summarizes the structure-activity relationship of DHPMs as potential anticancer agents. This study is a short review of their synthesis, mechanism of action, and structure-activity relationships (SARs) that are answerable for the anticancer activity of DHPMs and have been thoroughly researched and assessed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Prasad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Aastha Mahapatra
- College of Professional Studies, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tripti Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan (Deemed to be University), Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Chita R Sahoo
- Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Rabindra Nath Padhy
- Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Acosta-Quiroga K, Rojas-Peña C, Nerio LS, Gutiérrez M, Polo-Cuadrado E. Spirocyclic derivatives as antioxidants: a review. RSC Adv 2021; 11:21926-21954. [PMID: 35480788 PMCID: PMC9034179 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra01170g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, spiro compounds have attracted significant interest in medicinal chemistry due to their numerous biological activities attributed primarily to their versatility and structural similarity to important pharmacophore centers. Currently, the development of drugs with potential antioxidant activities is of great importance since numerous investigations have shown that oxidative stress is involved in the development and progression of numerous diseases such as cancer, senile cataracts, kidney failure, diabetes, high blood pressure, cirrhosis, and neurodegenerative diseases, among others. This article provides an overview of the synthesis and various antioxidant activities found in naturally occurring and synthetic spiro compounds. Among the antioxidant activities reviewed are DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, anti-LPO, superoxide, xanthine oxidase, peroxide, hydroxyl, and nitric oxide tests, among others. Molecules that presented best results for these tests were spiro compounds G14, C12, D41, C18, C15, D5, D11, E1, and C14. In general, most active compounds are characterized for having at least one oxygen atom; an important number of them (around 35%) are phenolic compounds, and in molecules where this functional group was absent, aryl ethers and nitrogen-containing functional groups such as amine and amides could be found. Recent advances in the antioxidant activity profiles of spiro compounds have shown that they have a significant position in discovering drugs with potential antioxidant activities. This article provides an overview of the synthesis and various antioxidant activities found in naturally occurring and synthetic spiro compounds.![]()
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Acosta-Quiroga
- Universidad de la Amazonia, Programa de Química Cl. 17 Diagonal 17 con, Cra. 3F Florencia 180001 Colombia
| | - Cristian Rojas-Peña
- Universidad de la Amazonia, Programa de Química Cl. 17 Diagonal 17 con, Cra. 3F Florencia 180001 Colombia
| | - Luz Stella Nerio
- Universidad de la Amazonia, Programa de Química Cl. 17 Diagonal 17 con, Cra. 3F Florencia 180001 Colombia
| | - Margarita Gutiérrez
- Laboratorio Síntesis Orgánica y Actividad Biológica, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca Casilla 747 Talca 3460000 Chile
| | - Efraín Polo-Cuadrado
- Laboratorio Síntesis Orgánica y Actividad Biológica, Instituto de Química de Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Talca Casilla 747 Talca 3460000 Chile
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Brandão P, Marques CS, Carreiro EP, Pineiro M, Burke AJ. Engaging Isatins in Multicomponent Reactions (MCRs) - Easy Access to Structural Diversity. CHEM REC 2021; 21:924-1037. [PMID: 33599390 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are a valuable tool in diversity-oriented synthesis. Its application to privileged structures is gaining relevance in the fields of organic and medicinal chemistry. Isatin, due to its unique reactivity, can undergo different MCRs, affording multiple interesting scaffolds, namely oxindole-derivatives (including spirooxindoles, bis-oxindoles and 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles) and even, under certain conditions, ring-opening reactions occur that leads to other heterocyclic compounds. Over the past few years, new methodologies have been described for the application of this important and easily available starting material in MCRs. In this review, we explore these novelties, displaying them according to the structure of the final products obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Brandão
- University of Coimbra, CQC and Department of Chemistry, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.,LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, 7000, Évora, Portugal
| | - Carolina S Marques
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, 7000, Évora, Portugal
| | - Elisabete P Carreiro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, 7000, Évora, Portugal
| | - M Pineiro
- University of Coimbra, CQC and Department of Chemistry, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anthony J Burke
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, 7000, Évora, Portugal.,University of Evora, Department of Chemistry, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, 7000, Évora, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ying W, Zhang Y, Gao W, Cai X, Wang G, Wu X, Chen L, Meng Z, Zheng Y, Hu B, Lin X. Hollow Magnetic Nanocatalysts Drive Starvation-Chemodynamic-Hyperthermia Synergistic Therapy for Tumor. ACS NANO 2020; 14:9662-9674. [PMID: 32709200 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c00910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic hyperthermia therapy (MHT) has been considered as an excellent alternative for treatment of deep tumor tissue; however, up-regulation of heat shock proteins (HSPs) impairs its hyperthermal therapeutic effect. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and competitive consumption of ATP are important targets that can block excessive HSP generation. We developed a magnetic nanocatalytic system comprised of glucose oxidase (GOD)-loaded hollow iron oxide nanocatalysts (HIONCs) to drive starvation-chemodynamic-hyperthermia synergistic therapy for tumor treatment. The Fe2+ present in HIONCs contributed to ROS generation via the Fenton reaction, relieving thermo-resistance and inducing cell apoptosis by chemodynamic action. The Fenton effect was enhanced through the conditions created by increased MHT-related temperature, GOD-mediated H2O2 accumulation, and elevated tumor microenvironment acidity. The HIONCs catalase-like activity facilitated conversion of H2O2 to oxygen, thereby replenishing the oxygen levels. We further demonstrated that locally injected HIONCs-GOD effectively inhibited tumor growth in PC3 tumor-bearing mice. This study presents a multifunctional nanocarrier system driving starvation-chemodynamic-magnetic-thermal synergistic therapy via ROS and oxygen modulation for prostate tumor treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Ying
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
- Department of Ultrasound, Taizhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317000, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Wei Gao
- Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Xiaojun Cai
- Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Taizhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317000, P.R. China
| | - Xiafang Wu
- Department of Ultrasound, Taizhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317000, P.R. China
| | - Lei Chen
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Zheying Meng
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyi Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
- Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Xianfang Lin
- Department of Ultrasound, Taizhou Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Taizhou, Zhejiang 317000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhou LM, Qu RY, Yang GF. An overview of spirooxindole as a promising scaffold for novel drug discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:603-625. [PMID: 32106717 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1733526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Spirooxindole, a unique and versatile scaffold, has been widely studied in some fields such as pharmaceutical chemistry and synthetic chemistry. Especially in the application of medicine, quite a few compounds featuring spirooxindole motif have displayed excellent and broad pharmacological activities. Many identified candidate molecules have been used in clinical trials, showing promising prospects.Areas covered: This article offers an overview of different applications and developments of spirooxindoles (including the related natural products and their derivatives) in the process of drug innovation, including such as in anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, antimalarial, and antiviral activities. Furthermore, the crucial structure-activity relationships, molecular mechanisms, pharmacokinetic properties, and main synthetic methods of spirooxindoles-based derivatives are also reviewed.Expert opinion: Recent progress in the biological activity profiles of spirooxindole derivatives have demonstrated their significant position in present-day drug discovery. Furthermore, we believe that the multidirectional development of novel drugs containing this core scaffold will continue to be the research hotspot in medicinal chemistry in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ren-Yu Qu
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Fu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide & Chemical Biology of Ministry of Education, International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Biosensor Technology and Health, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|