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Brandão P, Marques CS, Carreiro EP, Pineiro M, Burke AJ. Engaging Isatins in Multicomponent Reactions (MCRs) - Easy Access to Structural Diversity. CHEM REC 2021; 21:924-1037. [PMID: 33599390 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are a valuable tool in diversity-oriented synthesis. Its application to privileged structures is gaining relevance in the fields of organic and medicinal chemistry. Isatin, due to its unique reactivity, can undergo different MCRs, affording multiple interesting scaffolds, namely oxindole-derivatives (including spirooxindoles, bis-oxindoles and 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles) and even, under certain conditions, ring-opening reactions occur that leads to other heterocyclic compounds. Over the past few years, new methodologies have been described for the application of this important and easily available starting material in MCRs. In this review, we explore these novelties, displaying them according to the structure of the final products obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Brandão
- University of Coimbra, CQC and Department of Chemistry, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.,LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, 7000, Évora, Portugal
| | - Carolina S Marques
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, 7000, Évora, Portugal
| | - Elisabete P Carreiro
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, 7000, Évora, Portugal
| | - M Pineiro
- University of Coimbra, CQC and Department of Chemistry, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Anthony J Burke
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Évora, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, 7000, Évora, Portugal.,University of Evora, Department of Chemistry, Rua Romão Ramalho, 59, 7000, Évora, Portugal
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2
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Menichetti A, Berti F, Pineschi M. Nitroso Diels-Alder Cycloadducts Derived From N-Acyl-1,2-dihydropyridines as a New Platform to Molecular Diversity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030563. [PMID: 32012951 PMCID: PMC7038088 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review focuses upon the use of nitroso Diels–Alder reactions as a structural complexity generating reaction that has been so far a quite scarcely treated topic, despite its potential. In particular, the use of N-acyl-1,2-dihydropyridines as a non-symmetrical diene component in nitroso Diels–Alder reactions encompasses an initial diversification of pathways giving rise to different cycloadducts (direct and inverse). Selective elaborations of these cycloadducts, basically using a reagent-based approach, deliver a discrete number of structurally diverse compounds, including some original heterobicyclic scaffolds and functionalized heterocycles. This forward synthetic planning allowed the individuation of a new biologically active compound based on a novel oxadiaza-bicyclic-[3.3.1]-nonene scaffold which is still under preclinical evaluation.
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3
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan G Rudick
- Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Shabnam Shaabani
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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4
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Moni L, De Moliner F, Garbarino S, Saupe J, Mang C, Basso A. Corrigendum: Exploitation of the Ugi 5-Center-4-Component Reaction (U-5C-4CR) for the Generation of Diverse Libraries of Polycyclic (Spiro)Compounds. Front Chem 2018; 6:510. [PMID: 30374439 PMCID: PMC6202786 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Moni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio De Moliner
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Garbarino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Jörn Saupe
- AnalytiCon Discovery GmbH, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Basso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
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Moni L, De Moliner F, Garbarino S, Saupe J, Mang C, Basso A. Exploitation of the Ugi 5-Center-4-Component Reaction (U-5C-4CR) for the Generation of Diverse Libraries of Polycyclic (Spiro)Compounds. Front Chem 2018; 6:369. [PMID: 30238002 PMCID: PMC6136273 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An Ugi multicomponent reaction with chiral cyclic amino acids, benzyl isocyanide and cyclic ketones (or acetone) has been exploited as key step for the generation of peptidomimetics. After a straightforward set of elaborations, the peptidomimetics were converted into polycyclic scaffolds displaying two orthogonally protected secondary amines. Libraries of compounds were obtained decorating the molecules through acylation/reductive amination reactions on these functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Moni
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Fabio De Moliner
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Silvia Garbarino
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Jörn Saupe
- AnalytiCon Discovery GmbH, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Andrea Basso
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
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Méndez L, Poeylaut-Palena AA, Mata EG. Molecular Diversity by Olefin Cross-Metathesis on Solid Support. Generation of Libraries of Biologically Promising β-Lactam Derivatives. Molecules 2018; 23:E1193. [PMID: 29772720 PMCID: PMC6100001 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of the reagent-based diversification strategy for generation of libraries of biologically promising β-lactam derivatives is described. Key features are the versatility of the linker used and the cross-metathesis functionalization at the cleavage step. From an immobilized primary library, diversity was expanded by applying different cleavage conditions, leading to a series of cholesterol absorption inhibitor analogues together with interesting hybrid compounds through incorporation of a chalcone moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Méndez
- Instituto de Química Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET, Suipacha 531, Rosario S2002LRK, Argentina.
| | - Andrés A Poeylaut-Palena
- Instituto de Química Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET, Suipacha 531, Rosario S2002LRK, Argentina.
| | - Ernesto G Mata
- Instituto de Química Rosario, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario-CONICET, Suipacha 531, Rosario S2002LRK, Argentina.
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Wang Y, Madsen AØ, Diness F, Meldal M. Diversity-Oriented Syntheses by Combining CuAAC and Stereoselective INCIC Reactions with Peptides. Chemistry 2017; 23:13869-13874. [PMID: 28833706 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cascade reactions proceeding through peptide-derived N-carbamoyl iminium ions are reported. Two new reactions of N-carbamoyl iminium ions are described, including a stereoselective double cyclization generating N,N'-aminals and an acid-promoted auto-oxidation. Mechanistic investigations revealed that the N,N'-aminal formation is reversible under strongly acidic conditions. Both of these new reactions proved to be completely orthogonal to subsequent CuAAC chemistry. The reactions were performed in solution and on solid support. The robustness and high stereoselectivity of the methodology holds great promise for applications in parallel diversity-oriented synthesis and in combinatorial synthesis for drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Evolutionary Chemical Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Ø Madsen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik Diness
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Evolutionary Chemical Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Morten Meldal
- Department of Chemistry, Center for Evolutionary Chemical Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 5, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Saupe J, Kunz O, Haustedt LO, Jakupovic S, Mang C. MacroEvoLution: A New Method for the Rapid Generation of Novel Scaffold-Diverse Macrocyclic Libraries. Chemistry 2017; 23:11784-11791. [PMID: 28715083 PMCID: PMC5601232 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Macrocycles are a structural class bearing great promise for future challenges in medicinal chemistry. Nevertheless, there are few flexible approaches for the rapid generation of structurally diverse macrocyclic compound collections. Here, an efficient method for the generation of novel macrocyclic peptide‐based scaffolds is reported. The process, named here as “MacroEvoLution”, is based on a cyclization screening approach that gives reliable access to novel macrocyclic architectures. Classification of building blocks into specific pools ensures that scaffolds with orthogonally addressable functionalities are generated, which can easily be used for the generation of structurally diverse compound libraries. The method grants rapid access to novel scaffolds with scalable synthesis (multi gram scale) and the introduction of further diversity at a late stage. Despite being developed for peptidic systems, the approach can easily be extended for the synthesis of systems with a decreased peptidic character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Saupe
- AnalytiCon Discovery GmbH, Hermannswerder Haus 17, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Oliver Kunz
- AnalytiCon Discovery GmbH, Hermannswerder Haus 17, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Lars Ole Haustedt
- AnalytiCon Discovery GmbH, Hermannswerder Haus 17, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sven Jakupovic
- AnalytiCon Discovery GmbH, Hermannswerder Haus 17, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Christian Mang
- AnalytiCon Discovery GmbH, Hermannswerder Haus 17, 14473, Potsdam, Germany
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Qin L, Vo DD, Nakhai A, Andersson CD, Elofsson M. Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Libraries Based on Benzofuran and 2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran Scaffolds. ACS Comb Sci 2017; 19:370-376. [PMID: 28306238 DOI: 10.1021/acscombsci.7b00014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Benzofuran and 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran scaffolds are core components in a large number of biologically active natural and synthetic compounds including approved drugs. Herein, we report efficient synthetic protocols for preparation of libraries based on 3-carboxy 2-aryl benzofuran and 3-carboxy 2-aryl trans-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran scaffolds using commercially available salicylaldehydes, aryl boronic acids or halides and primary or secondary amines. The building blocks were selected to achieve variation in physicochemical properties and statistical molecular design and subsequent synthesis resulted in 54 lead-like compounds with molecular weights of 299-421 and calculated octanol/water partition coefficients of 1.9-4.7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liena Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Duc-Duy Vo
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Azadeh Nakhai
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Mikael Elofsson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, SE90187 Umeå, Sweden
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Mukherjee J, Sil S, Chattopadhyay SK. Diversity-oriented synthesis of analogues of the novel macrocyclic peptide FR-225497 through late stage functionalization. Beilstein J Org Chem 2015; 11:2487-92. [PMID: 26734096 PMCID: PMC4685926 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.11.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A concise synthetic approach to a class of biologically interesting cyclic tetrapeptides is reported which involves a late-stage functionalization of a macrocyclic scaffold through cross metathesis in an attempt to create diversity. The utility of this protocol is demonstrated through the preparation of three structural analogues of the important naturally occurring histone deacetylase inhibitor FR-225497.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotiprasad Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani - 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Suman Sil
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani - 741235, West Bengal, India
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Bellucci MC, Sani M, Sganappa A, Volonterio A. Diversity oriented combinatorial synthesis of multivalent glycomimetics through a multicomponent domino process. ACS Comb Sci 2014; 16:711-20. [PMID: 25330415 DOI: 10.1021/co5001184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Both multicomponent reactions and diversity oriented synthesis are indispensable tools for the modern medicinal chemist. However, their employment for the synthesis of multivalent glycomimetics has not been exploited so far although the importance that such compounds play in exploring multivalency on glycoside inhibition. Herein, we report the combinatorial synthesis of diversity oriented hetero di- and trivalent glycomimetics through a multicomponent domino process. The process is high yielding and very general, working efficiently with easily accessible sugar starting materials such as glycosylamines, glycosylazides, and glycosylisothiocyanates, having the reactive functional groups tethered either directly to the anomeric carbon, through a suitable linker, or to the primary 6 position of hexoses (or 5 position of pentoses), leading, in the latter case, to glycomimetics with artificial enzymatically stable backbone. The process has been also exploited for the multicomponent synthesis of aminoglycoside (neomycin) conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Bellucci
- Department
of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Monica Sani
- C.N.R. Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Aurora Sganappa
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineer “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano,via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Volonterio
- Department
of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineer “G. Natta”, Politecnico di Milano,via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy
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12
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Eckert H. Diversity oriented syntheses of conventional heterocycles by smart multi component reactions (MCRs) of the last decade. Molecules 2012; 17:1074-102. [PMID: 22267194 PMCID: PMC6268852 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17011074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A collection of smart multicomponent reactions (MCRs) with continuative post condensation cyclizations (PCCs) is presented to construct conventional three- to seven-membered heterocyclic compounds in diversity oriented syntheses (DOS). These will provide a high degree of applying economical and ecological advantages as well as of practicability. Water, ionic liquids, and solvent-less syntheses as well as use of various forms of energy as microwave and ultrasonic irradiation are examined and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiner Eckert
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, Garching 85747, Germany.
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Neves Filho RAW, Westermann B, Wessjohann LA. Synthesis of (-)-julocrotine and a diversity oriented Ugi-approach to analogues and probes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:1504-7. [PMID: 22238524 PMCID: PMC3252850 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2011] [Accepted: 10/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An improved total synthesis of (−)-julocrotine in three steps from Cbz-glutamine, in 51% overall yield, is presented. To demonstrate the potential of the heterocyclic moiety for diversity oriented synthesis, a series of (−)-julocrotine analogues was synthesized by employing the heterocyclic precursor as an amino input in Ugi four-component reactions (Ugi-4CR) [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo A W Neves Filho
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
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Huryn DM, Brodsky JL, Brummond KM, Chambers PG, Eyer B, Ireland AW, Kawasumi M, Laporte MG, Lloyd K, Manteau B, Nghiem P, Quade B, Seguin SP, Wipf P. Chemical methodology as a source of small-molecule checkpoint inhibitors and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) modulators. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:6757-62. [PMID: 21502524 PMCID: PMC3084104 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1015251108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Unique chemical methodology enables the synthesis of innovative and diverse scaffolds and chemotypes and allows access to previously unexplored "chemical space." Compound collections based on such new synthetic methods can provide small-molecule probes of proteins and/or pathways whose functions are not fully understood. We describe the identification, characterization, and evolution of two such probes. In one example, a pathway-based screen for DNA damage checkpoint inhibitors identified a compound, MARPIN (ATM and ATR pathway inhibitor) that sensitizes p53-deficient cells to DNA-damaging agents. Modification of the small molecule and generation of an immobilized probe were used to selectively bind putative protein target(s) responsible for the observed activity. The second example describes a focused library approach that relied on tandem multicomponent reaction methodologies to afford a series of modulators of the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) molecular chaperone. The synthesis of libraries based on the structure of MAL3-101 generated a collection of chemotypes, each modulating Hsp70 function, but exhibiting divergent pharmacological activities. For example, probes that compromise the replication of a disease-associated polyomavirus were identified. These projects highlight the importance of chemical methodology development as a source of small-molecule probes and as a drug discovery starting point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donna M Huryn
- University of Pittsburgh Center for Chemical Methodologies and Library Design, Chevron Science Center, Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
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