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Kapoor M, Khoo A, Lunn MPT, Reddel S, Carr AS. Immunoglobulin use in neurology: a practical approach. Pract Neurol 2024:pn-2022-003655. [PMID: 39097408 DOI: 10.1136/pn-2022-003655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Human immunoglobulin, delivered either intravenously (IVIg) or subcutaneously, is used to treat a range of immune-mediated neurological disorders. It has a role in acute or subacute inflammatory disease control and as a maintenance therapy in chronic disease management. This review considers mechanisms of IVIg action and the evidence for IVIg in neurological conditions. We use Guillain-Barré syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) as frameworks to demonstrate an approach to IVIg use in acute and chronic dysimmune neurological conditions across two different healthcare systems: the UK and Australia. We highlight the benefits and limitations of IVIg and focus on practical considerations such as informed consent, managing risks and adverse effects, optimal dosing and monitoring response. We use these basic clinical practice principles to discuss the judicious use of an expensive and scarce blood product with international relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahima Kapoor
- Neuroscience / FMNHS / School of Translational Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony Khoo
- Flinders University College of Medicine and Public Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Michael P T Lunn
- Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Stephen Reddel
- ANZAC Research Institute, Central Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aisling S Carr
- UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, London, UK
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Reddy SA, Rivera Vargas N, Varshney A, Karasik O. A Case of COVID-19-Triggered Polymyositis Leading to Rhabdomyolysis. Cureus 2024; 16:e64267. [PMID: 39130882 PMCID: PMC11315468 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.64267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
SARS-COVID-19 is known to manifest with a wide variety of symptoms, most of which are respiratory. Myalgias are a common symptom of COVID-19, but cases of severe virus-induced inflammatory muscle injury leading to rhabdomyolysis and polymyositis have also been reported. Here, we present and discuss a case of a 56-year-old woman who presented with an initial presentation of COVID-19 infection with inflammatory polymyositis leading to rhabdomyolysis. The patient was first treated for rhabdomyolysis with aggressive fluid resuscitation with intravenous normal saline without improvement in symptoms. She was then started on high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone for presumed immune-mediated polymyositis. An MRI of the bilateral lower extremities and a biopsy of the left thigh confirmed inflammatory myositis. After the initiation of steroids, liver function tests and creatinine kinase levels trended down, and symptoms improved. The patient was discharged with a prednisone taper and completely recovered at a follow-up six months later. Post-COVID severe musculoskeletal involvement, including polymyositis or rhabdomyolysis, is rare, with only a few other cases published so far. Viral myositis, supported by myopathological evidence, should be considered carefully in patients with a recent COVID-19 infection after ruling out more common causes of myositis. Some proposed mechanisms include direct infection of the muscle or an environmental event triggering autoimmunity. Treatment generally involves corticosteroids that are gradually tapered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sriya A Reddy
- Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida (UCF) Hospital Corporation of America (HCA) Graduate Medical Education (GME) Consortium, Orlando, USA
| | - Natalie Rivera Vargas
- Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida (UCF) Hospital Corporation of America (HCA) Graduate Medical Education (GME) Consortium, Orlando, USA
| | - Aarushi Varshney
- Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida (UCF) Hospital Corporation of America (HCA) Graduate Medical Education (GME) Consortium, Orlando, USA
| | - Olga Karasik
- Internal Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, USA
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3
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Ghanbar MI, Danoff SK. Review of Pulmonary Manifestations in Antisynthetase Syndrome. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2024; 45:365-385. [PMID: 38710221 DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1785536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Antisynthetase syndrome (ASyS) is now a widely recognized entity within the spectrum of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Initially described in patients with a triad of myositis, arthritis, and interstitial lung disease (ILD), its presentation can be diverse. Additional common symptoms experienced by patients with ASyS include Raynaud's phenomenon, mechanic's hand, and fever. Although there is a significant overlap with polymyositis and dermatomyositis, the key distinction lies in the presence of antisynthetase antibodies (ASAs). Up to 10 ASAs have been identified to correlate with a presentation of ASyS, each having manifestations that may slightly differ from others. Despite the proposal of three classification criteria to aid diagnosis, the heterogeneous nature of patient presentations poses challenges. ILD confers a significant burden in patients with ASyS, sometimes manifesting in isolation. Notably, ILD is also often the initial presentation of ASyS, requiring pulmonologists to remain vigilant for an accurate diagnosis. This article will comprehensively review the various aspects of ASyS, including disease presentation, diagnosis, management, and clinical course, with a primary focus on its pulmonary manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad I Ghanbar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sonye K Danoff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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4
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Hallowell RW, Danoff SK. Diagnosis and Management of Myositis-Associated Lung Disease. Chest 2023; 163:1476-1491. [PMID: 36764512 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with inflammatory myopathies, the current definition and diagnostic criteria of autoimmune myositis remain inadequate to capture the large proportion of patients with lung-dominant disease. As a result, these patients present unique diagnostic and treatment challenges for even the most experienced clinicians. This article highlights the emerging role of autoantibodies in the diagnosis, classification, and management of patients with ILD. We propose alternative nomenclature to facilitate research on this unique patient population. Additionally, evidence supporting the various therapies used in the treatment of myositis-associated ILD is reviewed. The classification and treatment of patients with myositis-associated ILD remains challenging. A standardized therapeutic approach to these patients is lacking, and prospective studies in the field are needed to determine optimal treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Hallowell
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sonye K Danoff
- Division of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD.
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5
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Velikova T, Sekulovski M, Bogdanova S, Vasilev G, Peshevska-Sekulovska M, Miteva D, Georgiev T. Intravenous Immunoglobulins as Immunomodulators in Autoimmune Diseases and Reproductive Medicine. Antibodies (Basel) 2023; 12:antib12010020. [PMID: 36975367 PMCID: PMC10045256 DOI: 10.3390/antib12010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Intravenous administration of immunoglobulins has been routinely used for more than 60 years in clinical practice, developed initially as replacement therapy in immunodeficiency disorders. Today, the use of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs) is embedded in the modern algorithms for the management of a few diseases, while in most cases, their application is off-label and thus different from their registered therapeutic indications according to the summary of product characteristics. In this review, we present the state-of-the-art use of IVIGs in various autoimmune conditions and immune-mediated disorders associated with reproductive failure, as approved therapy, based on indications or off-label. IVIGs are often an alternative to other treatments, and the administration of IVIGs continues to expand as data accumulate. Additionally, new insights into the pathophysiology of immune-mediated disorders have been gained. Therefore, the need for immunomodulation has increased, where IVIG therapy represents an option for stimulating, inhibiting and regulating various immune processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsvetelina Velikova
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1 Kozyak Str., 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence:
| | - Metodija Sekulovski
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1 Kozyak Str., 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, University Hospital Lozenetz, 1 Kozyak Str., 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Simona Bogdanova
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Vasilev
- Clinic of Neurology, UMHAT “Sv. Georgi”, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Monika Peshevska-Sekulovska
- Medical Faculty, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 1 Kozyak Str., 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Gastroenterology, University Hospital Lozenetz, 1 Kozyak Str., 1407 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dimitrina Miteva
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University St. Kliment Ohridski, 8 Dragan Tzankov Str., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tsvetoslav Georgiev
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
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Chung MP, Paik JJ. Past, Present, and Future in Dermatomyositis Therapeutics. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN RHEUMATOLOGY 2022; 8:71-90. [PMID: 38650607 PMCID: PMC11034924 DOI: 10.1007/s40674-022-00193-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of review This review highlights current and emerging pharmacologic therapies for the treatment of dermatomyositis (DM). Current clinical evidence, in addition to recently published and ongoing clinical trials for various drugs in development, are summarized in this review. Recent findings There has been significant progress in the research and development of potential treatments in DM. The FDA recently approved Octagam® 10% Immune Globulin Intravenous (IVIg) for the treatment of DM. Several drug targets are being explored as viable therapeutic options in phase 2 and phase 3 clinical trials; at the forefront of these are JAK inhibitors (tofacitinib and baricitinib) and T-cell co-stimulation blockers (i.e. abatacept). In addition, clinical trials are currently under way for therapeutics targeting novel molecular pathways, including immunoproteasome inhibitors, anti-B cell therapy, anti-interferon drugs, complement inhibitors, and phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitors. Summary With the large number of clinical trials, multiple novel therapeutics in development, and improved classification and outcome measures, the treatment landscape for DM will continue to rapidly evolve in the coming years as more options become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody P. Chung
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Julie J. Paik
- Division of Rheumatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Current and new targets for treating myositis. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2022; 65:102257. [PMID: 35724455 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2022.102257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As treatment of refractory idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) has been challenging, there is growing interest in assessing new therapies that target various pathways implicated in the pathogenesis of IIM. In the largest clinical trial to date, rituximab was studied in adult and juvenile myositis, but the primary outcome was not met despite 83 percent of subjects with refractory myositis meeting the definition of improvement. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently granted approval to Octagam 10% immune globulin intravenous (IVIg), for the treatment of adult dermatomyositis based on impressive results from a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) utility in IIM is not recommended and recent reports suggest this therapy may induce systemic autoimmune disease including myositis. Further, anti-IL6 therapy cannot be recommended as a recent trial of tocilizumab failed to reach its primary endpoint. Further studies are needed to assess the role of newer therapies such as abatacept (inhibition of T cell co-stimulation), sifalimumab (anti-IFNα), Janus kinase [JAK] inhibitors, apremilast (phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor), and KZR-616 (selective inhibitor of the immunoproteasome) given their biological plausibility and encouraging recent small-case series results. The future of IIM therapy will depend on exploring biomarkers implicated in the etiopathogenesis of IIM, improvements in myositis classification based on serological and histopathological features, and well-designed controlled clinical trials using validated consensus outcome measures.
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Xiong A, Qiang Y, Cao Y, Shuai Y, Chen H, Xiang Q, Hu Z, Song Z, Zhou S, Zhang Y, Cui H, Wang Y, Luo J, Shuai S, Yang Y. The Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Dermatomyositis and Polymyositis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Mod Rheumatol 2022; 33:533-542. [PMID: 35660927 DOI: 10.1093/mr/roac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in the treatment of dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM). METHODS A comprehensive systematic review was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews And Meta-analyses). PubMed, Embase, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched to find articles published between July 1919 and May 2021 concerning IVIG therapy in PM/DM. We analyzed continuum data through mean difference and the estimated pooled improvement rate through Log transformation. We calculated all the effect measures with a 95% confidence interval. The I²statistic was calculated to assess statistical heterogeneity across the studies. I²values of 25%, 50% and 75% were defined as low, moderate and high, respectively. All analyses were conducted using R Studio, Version 3.6.3. RESULTS Seventeen papers pertinent to our questions were found: three case-control studies, fourteen non-randomized studies. We evaluated the efficacy of IVIG in DM/PM by the indicators of creatine kinase (CK), Manual Muscle Test (MMT) scores, Medical Research Council (MRC) scale, the Activities of Daily Living (ADL) scale and the pooled improvement rate. In a meta-analysis, we found that IVIG significantly improved the level of CK (SMD -0.69, 95%CI -0.93, -0.46; P<0.0001), MMT (SMD 1.12; 95%CI 0.77, 1.47; P<0.00001), MRC (SMD 1.59; 95%CI 0.86, 2.33; P<0.00001), ADL (SMD 1.07; 95%CI 0.59, 1.56; P<0.0001). The CK levels in DM and PM were also significantly improved after IVIG (SMD = -0.73, 95%CI -1.12, -0.34; P=0.0002; and SMD = -3.29, 95%CI -5.82, -0.76; P < 0.0001, respectively). The meta-analysis of three RCTs showed that there was a statistically significant improvement after IVIG (SMD 0.63; 95%CI 0.22, 1.03; P=0.002). In a random effects model pooled muscle power improvement rate was 77% (95% CI: 66.0-87.0%). Meta-analyses of IVIG as first-line therapy showed a significant improvement of CK level (SMD -0.71; 95%CI -1.12, -0.30; P=0.0007). In three studies, the polled improvement rate of esophageal disorders was 88% (95% CI: 80.0-95.0%). There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of improvement between the number of courses < 2 and ≥ 2 (0.80 vs. 0.80 %, P = 0.9). The corticosteroid-sparing effect of IVIG was also well demonstrated, with the proportion of corticosteroid-sparing success reaching 81.8% (72/88). Adverse reactions included headache, fever, Hypotension and dizzy and so on. Mild cortical stroke, staphylococcal septicaemia, asymptomatic myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, deep vein thrombosis and subendocardial ischemia as severe adverse events were found in seven cases. CONCLUSION IVIG seems to be an effective drug for DM\PM, improving muscle strength, CK levels and esophageal involvement, and it is well tolerated by patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anji Xiong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Affiliated Nanchong Central Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yiying Qiang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Affiliated Nanchong Central Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yuzi Cao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Affiliated Nanchong Central Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yu Shuai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Affiliated Nanchong Central Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Huini Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Affiliated Nanchong Central Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Qilang Xiang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Affiliated Nanchong Central Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Ziyi Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Affiliated Nanchong Central Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Zhuoyao Song
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Affiliated Nanchong Central Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Shifeng Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Affiliated Nanchong Central Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Affiliated Nanchong Central Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Hongxu Cui
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Affiliated Nanchong Central Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Affiliated Nanchong Central Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Jie Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Affiliated Nanchong Central Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Shiquan Shuai
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Nanchong Central Hospital, The Affiliated Nanchong Central Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China
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9
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Dressler F, Maurer B. [Dermatomyositis and juvenile dermatomyositis]. Z Rheumatol 2022; 82:233-245. [PMID: 35486206 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-022-01205-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dermatomyositis (DM) is an inflammatory multisystem disease of unknown etiology, which can already occur in children but first onset can also be in older adulthood. Myalgia and muscle weakness can occur later in the course of the disease or even be completely absent in some forms. Classical signs on the skin include heliotrope rash, facial erythema, Gottron's papules and nailfold capillary abnormalities. For the diagnosis, screening for the presence of myositis-specific autoantibodies has become increasingly more relevant. Muscle enzymes may be elevated but not in approximately one third of patients. In the absence of typical clinical or serologic findings, additional examination methods such as nailfold capillaroscopy, magnetic resonance imaging, electromyography, skin or muscle biopsies may help to establish the diagnosis. Depending on the clinical and serological subtype, additional screening for gastrointestinal or cardiopulmonary involvement should be considered. In adults, an age-appropriate tumor screening should also be performed. Apart from corticosteroids as induction therapy, biologics and small molecule inhibitors are gaining in importance in addition to conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs and intravenous immunoglobulins. The prognosis for DM and juvenile DM (JDM) has improved. Most patients recover at least to some extent; however, a few patients die and a minority develop persisting muscle atrophy or severe calcinosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Dressler
- Kinderklinik, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30623, Hannover, Deutschland.
| | - Britta Maurer
- Universitätsklinik für Rheumatologie und Immunologie, Inselspital Bern, 3010, Bern, Schweiz.
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Danieli MG, Tonacci A, Paladini A, Longhi E, Moroncini G, Allegra A, Sansone F, Gangemi S. A machine learning analysis to predict the response to intravenous and subcutaneous immunoglobulin in inflammatory myopathies. A proposal for a future multi-omics approach in autoimmune diseases. Autoimmun Rev 2022; 21:103105. [PMID: 35452850 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the response to treatment with intravenous (IVIg) and subcutaneous (20%SCIg) immunoglobulin in our series of patients with Inflammatory idiopathic myopathies (IIM) by the means of artificial intelligence. BACKGROUND IIM are rare diseases mainly involving the skeletal muscle with particular clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics. Artificial intelligence (AI) represents computer processes which allows to perform complex calculations and data analyses, with the least human intervention. Recently, the use an AI in medicine significantly expanded, especially through machine learning (ML) which analyses huge amounts of information and accordingly makes decisions, and deep learning (DL) which uses artificial neural networks to analyse data and automatically learn. METHODS In this study, we employed AI in the evaluation of the response to treatment with IVIg and 20%SCIg in our series of patients with IIM. The diagnoses were determined on the established EULAR/ACR criteria. The treatment response was evaluated employing the following: serum creatine kinase levels, muscle strength (MMT8 score), disease activity (MITAX score) and disability (HAQ-DI score). We evaluated all the above parameters, applying, with R, different supervised ML algorithms, including Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator, Ridge, Elastic Net, Classification and Regression Trees and Random Forest to estimate the most important predictors for a good response to IVIg and 20%SCIg treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION By the means of AI we have been able to identify the scores that best predict a good response to IVIg and 20%SCIg treatment. The muscle strength as evaluated by MMT8 score at the follow-up is predicted by the presence of dysphagia and of skin disorders, and the myositis activity index (MITAX) at the beginning of the treatment. The relationship between muscle strength and MITAX indicates a better action of IVIg therapy in patients with more active systemic disease. Considering our results, Elastic Net and similar approaches were seen to be the most viable, efficient, and effective ML methods for predicting the clinical outcome (MMT8 and MITAX at most) in myositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Giovanna Danieli
- Clinica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Torrette di Ancona, Italy; Postgraduate School of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Tonacci
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Alberto Paladini
- PostGraduate School of Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Eleonora Longhi
- Scuola di Medicina e Chirurgia, Alma Mater Studiorum, Università degli Studi di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Gianluca Moroncini
- Clinica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Torrette di Ancona, Italy; PostGraduate School of Internal Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Tronto 10/A, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Alessandro Allegra
- Division of Haematology, Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood "Gaetano Barresi", University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Sansone
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), Via G. Moruzzi 1, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98125 Messina, Italy.
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11
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Ohad M, Shemer A, Lavie I, Ozeri D, Shoenfeld Y, Kivity S. Intravenous Immunoglobulin for Inflammatory Myositis: Experience in a Tertiary Medical Center. J Clin Rheumatol 2021; 27:e616-e621. [PMID: 32501943 DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0000000000001418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Inflammatory myopathies are treated with glucocorticoids and other immunosuppressive medications. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is increasingly used for refractory or severe cases; however, the evidence for their effectiveness is limited. We assessed effectiveness and safety of IVIG when used with other immunomodulatory agents in the treatment of inflammatory myopathies. METHODS This study reviewed records of patients diagnosed with dermatomyositis or polymyositis and treated with IVIG, from 2009 through 2016 in 1 tertiary medical center. Mixed-effects general linear regression models were applied to determine effectiveness of treatment on muscle strength, creatinine phosphokinase levels, and steroid dosage. RESULTS Twenty-three patients with dermatomyositis/polymyositis treated with IVIG were followed up for a mean of 31 (SD, ±25) months. During this period, a significant improvement in muscle strength was demonstrated, with a mean increase of 0.92 Medical Research Council scale points (β = 0.14; confidence interval [CI], 0.136-0.149; p < 0.0001), a significant reduction of creatinine phosphokinase levels and steroid dosage with a mean decrease of 1140 IU/L (β = -0.274; CI, -0.354 to -0.195; p < 0.0001), and 36 mg/d (β = -0.008; CI, -0.011 to -0.006; p < 0.0001), respectively. Overall, remission was observed in 10 patients (43.5%), and partial remission in 6 patients (26%), whereas 1 patient (17%) remained refractory to treatment, and 6 patients (27%) were lost to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The majority of patients with inflammatory myopathies experienced a clinical and laboratory improvement during IVIG treatment. In addition, a steroid-sparing effect was noticed in most patients. These results encourage the use of IVIG as an alternative treatment option for patients with limited responsiveness to conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Ohad
- From the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv
| | | | - Inbar Lavie
- From the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv
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12
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Unger L. Therapieoptionen und outcome bei idiopathischen entzündlichen Muskelerkrankungen. AKTUEL RHEUMATOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1423-7579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
ZusammenfassungDie idiopathischen entzündlichen Muskelerkrankungen (IIM) sind eine sehr heterogene Gruppe, die sich immer besser differenzieren lässt. Damit eröffnen sich mehr Möglichkeiten für gezieltere Therapien, die zum einen auf die Veränderung pathogenetischer Faktoren gerichtet sind. Zum anderen sollen sie Krankheitsaktivität vermindern, Muskelaufbau fördern, Organschäden verhindern und Lebensqualität verbessern.Die folgende Übersichtsarbeit fasst die vorhandenen Daten zu bereits angewandten Behandlungen in der Praxis zusammen und gibt einen Ausblick auf zukünftige Alternativen.Für die Polymyositis (PM) und Dermatomyositis (DM) sind Glukokortikoide weiter unverzichtbarer Therapiebestandteil. Eine frühe Kombination mit konventionellen DMARDs hat sich durchgesetzt. Die ProDerm- Studie stellt für die Immunglobulintherapie in der Praxis eine gute Basis dar. Rituximab (RTX) löst Cyclophosphamid (CYC) bei schweren Verlaufsformen immer mehr ab.Für Abatacept, Jak-Kinase-Hemmer, Apremilast, Sifalimumab und Lenabasum müssen vielversprechende erste Ergebnisse durch weiter Studien untermauert werden. Anspruchsvoll ist die Behandlung bei extramuskulärer Beteiligung. Von großem Interesse ist der zukünftige Stellenwert von Nintedanib bei der interstitiellen Lungenerkrankung im Rahmen einer Myositis (IIM-ILD).Die Therapie der Einschlusskörperchen- Myositis (IBM) ist immer noch eine große Herausforderung. Zahlreiche Studien haben bisher nicht überzeugend zu einer Besserung der Prognose führen können. Spätestens bei therapierefraktärem Verlauf sollte an eine Malignom- assoziierte Myositis gedacht werden. Gelegentlich verbirgt sich auch eine hereditäre Myopathie hinter einer, zum Beispiel durch einen Infekt oder Überlastung getriggerten, Myositis.Komplikationen im Verlauf, wie Dysphagie, Infektionen, Myokardbeteiligung stellen keine Seltenheit dar. Häufig besteht Multimorbidität. Eine interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit in einem kompetenten Team, in dem erfahrene Physio-, Ergo- und Psychotherapeuten fester Bestandteil sind, ist unabdingbar für eine erfolgreiche Begleitung dieser Patienten.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonore Unger
- Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, I. Medizinische Klinik, Dresden, Deutschland
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Hoff LS, de Souza FHC, Miossi R, Shinjo SK. Long-term effects of early pulse methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulin in patients with dermatomyositis and polymyositis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 61:1579-1588. [PMID: 34302454 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the long-term effects of pulse intravenous methylprednisolone (IVMP) or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) administered during the first year of diagnosis in dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM) patients. METHODS This is a retrospective single-center cohort study of patients with DM/PM followed for up to 4 years from 2001 to 2017. We used Cox regression models to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and assess the effects of early pulse IVMP or IVIG on 3 outcomes: complete clinical response, corticosteroid discontinuation, and survival. Analysis was adjusted for clinical, laboratory, and treatment covariates. RESULTS A total of 204 patients were included and categorized into 4 initial treatment groups: pulse IVMP (n = 46), pulse IVMP+IVIG (n = 55), IVIG (n = 10), and without IVMP or IVIG (n = 93). The groups of early pulse IVMP and pulse IVMP+IVIG had a higher HR for complete clinical response in the multivariate models (HR = 1.56, 95% CI = 1.05-2.33, p = 0.029; and HR = 1.58, 95% CI = 1.02-2.45, p = 0.041, respectively). Only the group of pulse IVMP+IVIG had a significant association with corticosteroid discontinuation in the multivariate analysis (HR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.02-2.68, p = 0.043). Early pulse IVMP or IVIG had no impact on mortality. CONCLUSION Despite having a more severe disease profile, patients with DM/PM submitted to pulse IVMP or pulse IVMP+IVIG during the first year of diagnosis had a higher HR for complete clinical response, whereas the combination of pulse IVMP+IVIG had an association with corticosteroid discontinuation. Prospective long-term studies are warranted to confirm these benefits of early pulse IVMP and IVIG on patients with DM/PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo S Hoff
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil (BR).,School of Medicine, Universidade Potiguar (UnP), Natal, Brazil (BR)
| | | | - Renata Miossi
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil (BR)
| | - Samuel K Shinjo
- Division of Rheumatology, Faculdade de Medicina FMUSP, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil (BR)
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Severe polymyositis occurring in a cancer patient directly after chemotherapy: etiology and management. Future Sci OA 2021; 7:FSO706. [PMID: 34211735 PMCID: PMC8147826 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2021-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A 72-year-old woman was diagnosed with metastatic colorectal cancer and treated with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy and bevacizumab. One week after the second administration of chemotherapy, she presented acute-onset dysphagia and rapidly progressing proximal muscle weakness, associated with elevation of the creatinine phosphokinase enzymes. Magnetic resonance imaging raised suspicion of polymyositis. Etiology remained unclear but paraneoplastic origin or immune modulation by chemotherapy was considered. High-dose methylprednisolone and intravenous immunoglobulins were started with continuation of chemotherapy. Although there was rapid normalization of muscle enzyme, the general status deteriorated rapidly with aggravation of dysphagia, complete immobilization and death. This case highlights the importance of considering muscle weakness as paraneoplastic syndrome or drug-induced toxicity in colorectal cancer patients. Despite aggressive management, prognosis remains poor. During cancer treatment, nonspecific symptoms can occur, such as deglutition trouble and muscle weakness. These symptoms could be related to treatment (drug induced-toxicity) or to cancer (paraneoplastic syndrome). Early recognition of these symptoms is important as they can rapidly increase and impact negatively the outcome of patients. We report the case of a myositis with unclear etiology. Despite aggressive management with intravenous immunoglobulins, the patient died very rapidly.
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Giannini M, Fiorella ML, Tampoia M, Girolamo F, Fornaro M, Amati A, Lia A, Abbracciavento L, D'Abbicco D, Iannone F. Long-term efficacy of adding intravenous immunoglobulins as treatment of refractory dysphagia related to myositis: a retrospective analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:1234-1242. [PMID: 32911543 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dysphagia is a life-threating manifestation of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). However, we lack a univocal protocol for its treatment. The aim of this retrospective analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of a step-up strategy by adding a 1-day pulse of IVIGs to immunosuppressants in IIM patients with refractory dysphagia diagnosed by Eating Assessment Tool (EAT)-10 and fibreoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES). METHODS Dysphagia was defined as a pharyngo-oesophageal disturbance associated with EAT-10 score ≥3 and at least one FEES abnormality among propulsion failure, solid or liquid stasis. Eighteen out of 154 IIM patients had FEES-confirmed dysphagia and underwent 1 day IVIG 2 g/kg repeated 1 month apart for 3 months, because of dysphagia refractory to high-dose glucocorticoids with methotrexate and/or azathioprine. Clinical characteristics along with myositis-specific antibodies and muscle histopathological findings were studied in FEES-dysphagia IIM and IIM control patients. RESULTS After three monthly doses of IVIG, EAT-10 score dropped with complete recover of defective propulsion and progressive decrease in percentage of both solid and liquid stasis. At 52-weeks' follow-up, reached in 12 patients, all these parameters were stable or further improved. An improvement in manual muscle strength test and a steroid-sparing effect of IVIG were also observed. Anti-PM/Scl 75/100 antibodies were much more frequent in the FEES-dysphagia group, while anti-Jo1 antibody was rarely detected. CONCLUSION Our treatment schedule with 2 g/kg IVIG was effective for IIM-associated refractory dysphagia assessed by the combination of EAT-10 and FEES. These findings need to be prospectively tested in a larger cohort of IIM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Giannini
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Bari, D.E.T.O, Bari, Italy.,Service de Physiologie et d'Explorations fonctionnelles, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Maria Luisa Fiorella
- Departement of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Girolamo
- Neurophysiopathology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Marco Fornaro
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Bari, D.E.T.O, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Amati
- Neurophysiopathology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Anna Lia
- Neurophysiopathology Unit, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Dario D'Abbicco
- Institute of General Surgery "G Marinaccio", University of Bari, D.E.T.O, Bari, Italy
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Fujisawa T. Management of Myositis-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57040347. [PMID: 33916864 PMCID: PMC8065549 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57040347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, including polymyositis (PM), dermatomyositis (DM), and clinically amyopathic DM (CADM), are a diverse group of autoimmune diseases characterized by muscular involvement and extramuscular manifestations. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) has major pulmonary involvement and is associated with increased mortality in PM/DM/CADM. The management of PM-/DM-/CADM-associated ILD (PM/DM/CADM-ILD) requires careful evaluation of the disease severity and clinical subtype, including the ILD forms (acute/subacute or chronic), because of the substantial heterogeneity of their clinical courses. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of myositis-specific autoantibodies’ status, especially anti-melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (MDA5) and anti-aminoacyl tRNA synthetase (ARS) antibodies, in order to evaluate the clinical phenotypes and treatment of choice for PM/DM/CADM-ILD. Because the presence of the anti-MDA5 antibody is a strong predictor of a worse prognosis, combination treatment with glucocorticoids (GCs) and calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs; tacrolimus (TAC) or cyclosporin A (CsA)) is recommended for patients with anti-MDA5 antibody-positive DM/CADM-ILD. Rapidly progressive DM/CADM-ILD with the anti-MDA5 antibody is the most intractable condition, which requires immediate combined immunosuppressive therapy with GCs, CNIs, and intravenous cyclophosphamide. Additional salvage therapies (rituximab, tofacitinib, and plasma exchange) should be considered for patients with refractory ILD. Patients with anti-ARS antibody-positive ILD respond better to GC treatment, but with frequent recurrence; thus, GCs plus immunosuppressants (TAC, CsA, azathioprine, and mycophenolate mofetil) are often needed in order to achieve favorable long-term disease control. PM/DM/CADM-ILD management is still a therapeutic challenge for clinicians, as evidence-based guidelines do not exist to help with management decisions. A few prospective clinical trials have been recently reported regarding the treatment of PM/DM/CADM-ILD. Here, the current knowledge on the pharmacologic managements of PM/DM/CADM-ILD was mainly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Fujisawa
- Second Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, 1-20-1 Handayama Higashi-ku, Hamamatsu 431-3192, Japan
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Barsotti S, Cavazzana I, Zanframundo G, Neri R, Taraborelli M, Cioffi E, Cardelli C, Tripoli A, Codullo V, Tincani A, Cavagna L, Franceschini F, Mosca M. Real life picture of the use of intravenous immunoglobulins in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies: Results of a multicentric study. Autoimmun Rev 2021; 20:102757. [PMID: 33476815 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND despite the absence of specific guidelines, the treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins (IvIg) is considered effective in patients with refractory idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM). The aim of our study is to evaluate the effectiveness and the safety of IvIg and define the possible profile of IIM patients candidate to IvIg treatment. METHODS we performed a retrospective study of IIM pts. treated with IvIg (2 g/kg/month). We collected demographic, epidemiological, laboratory and clinical data. Additionally, to evaluate the toxicity, the adverse events occurred during the treatment were collected. RESULTS 123 patients with IIM were included in the study. The main indications for the prescription of IvIg were muscle (83.7% of patients) and esophageal involvement (45.5% of patients). IvIg were started mainly for refractory disease. At the end of treatment (mean duration 14 months), muscular necrosis enzymes decreased significantly and dysphagia VAS decreased significantly (p < 0.001), while MMT value increased (104.6 ± 24.2 vs. 127.0 ± 22.2 p < 0.001). Ninety-six pts. (78%) responded to IvIg. They had a shorter disease duration (p < 0.001), higher creatine kinase levels (p < 0.001), and higher prevalence of myalgias at the baseline (p = 0.023) compared to non-responders. The presence of Raynaud's phenomenon (p = 0.023-odds ratio 0.28 [0.11-0.72]) and skin involvement (p = 0.004, odds ratio 0.18 [0.06-0.55]), were associated to a worse response. Adverse events were mostly mild and transitory. CONCLUSIONS Despite their high cost, IvIg confirmed their effectiveness in refractory IIM pts., particularly in muscular and esophageal manifestations. Specific clinical characteristics at the baseline may identify the patients with higher probability of response to the treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilaria Cavazzana
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, University of Brescia, ASST SpedaliCivili Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Zanframundo
- Division of Rheumatology, University and IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Mara Taraborelli
- Internal Medicine Unit, ASST Franciacorta, Chiari Hospital, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Cioffi
- Rheumatology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Italy
| | | | | | - Veronica Codullo
- Division of Rheumatology, University and IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Angela Tincani
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, University of Brescia, ASST SpedaliCivili Brescia, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cavagna
- Division of Rheumatology, University and IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Franco Franceschini
- Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology Unit, University of Brescia, ASST SpedaliCivili Brescia, Italy
| | - Marta Mosca
- Rheumatology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Italy
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Opinc AH, Makowska JS. Antisynthetase syndrome - much more than just a myopathy. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2020; 51:72-83. [PMID: 33360231 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to summarize current knowledge on antisynthetase syndrome (ASS), including its epidemiology, pathogenesis, proposed so far diagnostic criteria, heterogeneity of clinical manifestations, prognostic factors and therapeutic possibilities. PubMed database was screened for "antisynthetase syndrome" OR "antisynthetase antibodies" between February and April 2020. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases participate in the immune system activation as antigens, but also serve chemoattractive and cytokine-resembling roles, initiating innate and adaptive pathways. Exposure to various inhaled antigens may induce the autoimmune cascade leading to ASS. NK cells with its impaired INF-y production as well as formation of NETs by neutrophils contribute to pathogenesis. The prevalence of symptoms vary significantly depending on the study with muscular, articular and pulmonary involvement being the most frequently observed. Although classified as subtype of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, myositis may not necessarily be the prominent manifestation. Since clinical presentation is heterogeneous and symptoms can emerge gradually, ASS could be considered as a heterogeneous spectrum rather than a homogenous disease entity. The currently available classification criteria do not fully correspond with the clinical patterns of the disease. Therapy is based on glucocorticosteroids and other immunosuppressive agents. Randomized controlled trials, dedicated for patients with ASS, are needed to form treatment algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Samanta Makowska
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Pieniny 30, 92-115 Łódź, Poland.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Currently, there are no proven drugs that are FDA approved for the treatment of dermatomyositis (DM), even though multiple clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate safety and efficacy of novel therapeutics in DM. The purpose of this review is to highlight the biological plausibility, existing clinical evidence as well as completed and ongoing clinical trials for various drugs in pipeline for development for use in dermatomyositis. AREAS COVERED The drugs with the strongest evidence have been included in this review with a focus on the mechanism of their action pertaining to the disease process, clinical studies including completed and ongoing trials. With better understanding of the underlying pathophysiologic process, there are new molecular targets that have been identified that can be targeted by these novel drugs, predominantly biologic drugs. EXPERT OPINION There are various drugs being evaluated in phase II/III clinical trials that hold promise in DM. At the forefront of these are immunoglobulin, Lenabasum, and Abatacept for which phase III clinical trials are ongoing. In addition, promising clinical studies are ongoing or reported for KZR-616, anti-B cell therapy, anti-interferon drugs, and Repository Corticotrophin Injection (RCI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya Chandra
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, University of Connecticut , Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Rohit Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) are a heterogeneous group of inflammatory myopathies whose common feature is immune-mediated muscle injury. There are distinct subgroups including dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM), inclusion body myositis, and immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy. Antisynthetase syndrome is also emerging as a distinct subgroup with its unique muscle histopathological characteristic of perifascicular necrosis. While the newly updated EULAR/ACR Classification Criteria for IIM have brought advancements in diagnosis and the exclusion of mimickers, the use of only one autoantibody in the derivation of the schema limits its use. Similarly, while the advent of multiple novel therapeutics in the treatment of myositis has been exciting, it has also highlighted the scarcity of validated outcome measures. The purpose of our review is to highlight the updated classification criteria of myositis, newly reported clinical phenotypes associated with myositis autoantibodies, the measurement of outcomes, and emerging treatments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Baig
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5501 Hopkins Bayview Circle, Suite 1B.1, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA
| | - Julie J Paik
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 5200 Eastern Avenue, MFL Building, Center Tower Suite 4500, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA.
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Chérin P, Pindi Sala T, Clerson P, Dokhan A, Fardini Y, Duracinsky M, Crave JC, Chassany O. Recovering autonomy is a key advantage of home-based immunoglobulin therapy in patients with myositis: A qualitative research study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e19012. [PMID: 32049796 PMCID: PMC7035045 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000019012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulins are 2nd or 3rd-line treatments in dermatomyositis (DM) or polymyositis (PM) refractory to high-dose corticosteroids and immunosuppressants. Immunoglobulins (2 g/kg/mo) are usually administered intravenously (IVIg) once a month and the patients stay at hospital for a few days. Recently, subcutaneous injections (SCIg) were proposed 2 to 3 times per week, in some dysimmune diseases. SCIg are administered at home preferably by the patient or by a nurse. We investigated the needs and attitudes of DM and PM patients with experience of IVIg and SCIg.Seven patients (6 PM and 1 DM) from a single center participated in a focus group (N = 6) or underwent in-depth interview (N = 1). Six had the experience of both IVIg at hospital and SCIg at home; 1 has received only IVIg at hospital. Verbatim was recorded and transcribed for further content analysis and computer-aided textual analysis.Clinical profiles and stories were heterogeneous. At diagnosis, muscle weakness, severe pain, and fatigue were at the forefront of patients' complaints impairing daily life. Patients reported considerable improvement with immunoglobulins. SCIg were described as easy, less disruptive for daily life, well tolerated, and less time-consuming. SCIg self-administration at home restored the feeling of autonomy and control.Interviews of DM and PM patients revealed that recovering autonomy and control was a central advantage of home-based SCIg that were efficient, well tolerated, and perceived as a good compromise between treatment burden and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Chérin
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, La Pitié Salpétrière Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Olivier Chassany
- University Paris-Diderot, Patient-Centered Outcomes Research, Paris
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Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases, including immune-mediated central and peripheral nervous system disorders. This article will review the indications, proposed mechanism of actions, and administration of immunoglobulin treatment in various neuropathies, neuromuscular junction disorders, and myopathies. IVIg may have more than one mechanism of action to alter the pathogenesis of underlying neuromuscular disease. IVIg treatment has been used as a first-line treatment in Guillain-Barre syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy, multifocal motor neuropathy, and second-line off-label treatment in medically refractory cases of polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and myasthenia gravis. IVIg is a well-tolerated and effective treatment for these neuromuscular diseases. With this review article, we hope to increase clinicians' awareness of the indications and efficiencies of IVIg in a broad spectrum of neuromuscular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Z Burakgazi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Neuroscience Section, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Carilion Clinic Neurology, Roanoke, VA
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Abstract
Skeletal muscle inflammation is the feature shared by all forms of myositis. However, the muscle damage ranges in severity from asymptomatic to responsible for severe weakness. In addition, myositis usually occurs as a systemic disease that affects multiple organs. More specifically myositis should be considered in patients with muscular, cutaneous, pulmonary, and articular manifestations. The definitive diagnosis and classification of myositis has benefited considerably in recent years from the identification of characteristic autoantibodies. Nonetheless, a muscle biopsy is often necessary to confirm the diagnosis, and the differential diagnoses may raise challenges that require evaluation at a myositis referral center. The management depends on the type of myositis. Treatments should be provided for both the systemic complications (involving the lungs, heart, gastrointestinal tract, and/or joints) and the comorbidities (cancer and risks factors for cardiovascular disease, thromboembolism, and fractures), which together determine the prognosis. Many drugs are available for treating myositis. Findings from randomized controlled trials will help to use them optimally.
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de Souza FHC, de Araújo DB, Vilela VS, Bezerra MC, Simões RS, Bernardo WM, Miossi R, da Cunha BM, Shinjo SK. Guidelines of the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology for the treatment of systemic autoimmune myopathies. Adv Rheumatol 2019; 59:6. [PMID: 30670084 DOI: 10.1186/s42358-019-0048-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recommendations of the Myopathy Committee of the Brazilian Society of Rheumatology for the management and therapy of systemic autoimmune myopathies (SAM). MAIN BODY The review of the literature was done in the search for the Medline (PubMed), Embase and Cochrane databases including studies published until June 2018. The Prisma was used for the systematic review and the articles were evaluated according to the levels of Oxford evidence. Ten recommendations were developed addressing the management and therapy of systemic autoimmune myopathies. CONCLUSIONS Robust data to guide the therapeutic process are scarce. Although not proven effective in controlled clinical trials, glucocorticoid represents first-line drugs in the treatment of SAM. Intravenous immunoglobulin is considered in induction for refractory cases of SAM or when immunosuppressive drugs are contra-indicated. Consideration should be given to the early introduction of immunosuppressive drugs. There is no specific period determined for the suspension of glucocorticoid and immunosuppressive drugs when individually evaluating patients with SAM. A key component for treatment in an early rehabilitation program is the inclusion of strength-building and aerobic exercises, in addition to a rigorous evaluation of these activities for remission of disease and the education of the patient and his/her caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ricardo Santos Simões
- Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Miossi
- Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Samuel Katsuyuki Shinjo
- Disciplina de Reumatologia, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 455, 3° andar, sala 3150 - Cerqueira César, Sao Paulo, CEP: 01246-903, Brazil.
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Kohsaka H, Mimori T, Kanda T, Shimizu J, Sunada Y, Fujimoto M, Kawaguchi Y, Jinnin M, Muro Y, Ishihara S, Tomimitsu H, Ohta A, Sumida T. Treatment consensus for management of polymyositis and dermatomyositis among rheumatologists, neurologists and dermatologists. Mod Rheumatol 2018; 29:1-19. [DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2018.1521185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Kohsaka
- Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuneyo Mimori
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanda
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Jun Shimizu
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Sunada
- Department of Neurology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Manabu Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawaguchi
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Jinnin
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Muro
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Ishihara
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomimitsu
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Ohta
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sumida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Kohsaka H, Mimori T, Kanda T, Shimizu J, Sunada Y, Fujimoto M, Kawaguchi Y, Jinnin M, Muro Y, Ishihara S, Tomimitsu H, Ohta A, Sumida T. Treatment consensus for management of polymyositis and dermatomyositis among rheumatologists, neurologists and dermatologists. J Dermatol 2018; 46:e1-e18. [PMID: 30562845 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.14604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Although rheumatologists, neurologists and dermatologists see patients with polymyositis (PM) and dermatomyositis (DM), their management appears to vary depending on the physician's specialty. The aim of the present study was to establish the treatment consensus among specialists of the three fields to standardize the patient care. We formed a research team supported by a grant from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Japan. Clinical questions (CQ) on the management of PM and DM were raised. A published work search on CQ was performed primarily using PubMed. Using the nominal group technique, qualified studies and results in the published work were evaluated and discussed to reach consensus recommendations. They were sent out to the Japan College of Rheumatology, Japanese Society of Neurology and Japanese Dermatological Association for their approval. We reached a consensus in 23 CQ and made recommendations and a decision tree for management was proposed. They were officially approved by the three scientific societies. In conclusion, a multidisciplinary treatment consensus for the management of PM and DM was established for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Kohsaka
- Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuneyo Mimori
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takashi Kanda
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neuroscience, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Jun Shimizu
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Sunada
- Department of Neurology, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Manabu Fujimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasushi Kawaguchi
- Department of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Jinnin
- Department of Dermatology, Wakayama Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Muro
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Ishihara
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomimitsu
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Science, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akiko Ohta
- Division of Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sumida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Treatment of Interstitial Lung Disease Associated With Myositis and the Anti-Synthetase Syndrome. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN RHEUMATOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40674-018-0111-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Abstract
The major forms of autoimmune myopathies include dermatomyositis (DM), polymyositis (PM), myositis associated with antisynthetase syndrome (ASS), immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM), and inclusion body myositis (IBM). While each of these conditions has unique clinical and histopathological features, they all share an immune-mediated component. These conditions can occur in isolation or can be associated with systemic malignancies or connective tissue disorders (overlap syndromes). As more has been learned about these conditions, it has become clear that traditional classification schemes do not adequately group patients according to shared clinical features and prognosis. Newer classifications are now utilizing myositis-specific autoantibodies which correlate with clinical and histopathological phenotypes and risk of malignancy, and help in offering prognostic information with regard to treatment response. Based on observational data and expert opinion, corticosteroids are considered first-line therapy for DM, PM, ASS, and IMNM, although intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) is increasingly being used as initial therapy in IMNM related to statin use. Second-line agents are often required, but further prospective investigation is required regarding the optimal choice and timing of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emer R McGrath
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Christopher T Doughty
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Anthony A Amato
- Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review was to give an update on treatment modalities for patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, or shortly myositis, excluding the subgroup inclusion body myositis, based on a literature survey on therapies used in myositis. Few controlled trials have been performed in patients with myositis; therefore, we also included a summary of open-label trials, case series, and case reports. RECENT FINDINGS Glucocorticoid (GC) in high doses is still the first-line treatment of patients with myositis. There is a general recommendation to combine GCs with another immunosuppressive agent in the early phase of disease to better control disease activity and possibly to reduce the risk for GC-related side effects. Furthermore, combining pharmacological treatment with individualized and supervised exercise can be recommended based on evidence. There is some evidence for the effect of rituximab in patients with certain myositis-specific autoantibodies, whereas other biologic agents are currently being tested in clinical trials. SUMMARY Immunosuppressive treatment in combination with exercise is recommended for patients with myositis to reduce disease activity and improve muscle performance. Subgrouping of patients into clinical and serological subtypes may be a way to identify biomarkers for response to specific immunosuppressive and biological agents and should be considered in future trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Barsotti
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ingrid E. Lundberg
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, SE-171 76 Stockholm, Sweden
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Novel Therapeutic Options in Treatment of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2018; 20:37. [DOI: 10.1007/s11940-018-0521-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Pugnet G, Marjanovic Z, Deligny C, Boussardon K, Benzidia I, Puyade M, Lansiaux P, Vandecasteele E, Smith V, Farge D. Reproducibility and Utility of the 6-minute Walk Test in Systemic Sclerosis. J Rheumatol 2018; 45:1273-1280. [PMID: 29961695 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.170994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the reproducibility and the utility of the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) in systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS All patients with SSc who underwent at least two 6MWT within a minimum 3-month interval plus simultaneous routine clinical, biological, and functional evaluations were consecutively enrolled in this observational study over 6 years. Following American Thoracic Society guidelines, each 6MWT was repeated twice to assess the 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) reproducibility, with the highest value being reported for subsequent analysis. RESULTS Among 56 (38 female) included patients aged 46 ± SD 12.7 years, with 17 ± 10 modified Rodnan skin score (mRSS) and 1 ± 0.8 Scleroderma Health Assessment Questionnaire (SHAQ) at first referral, 277 6MWT evaluations (5 ± 3.9 6MWT per patient) were performed over 23 ± 22.5 months followup. Meanwhile, 8 deaths (87.5% SSc-related) occurred. The mean 6MWD absolute value was 457 ± 117 m with a 4 ± 2.2 mean Borg dyspnea score. The 6MWD intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.996 (95% CI 0.995-0.999, p < 0.0001). In multivariate linear regression analysis, these factors were independently associated with a lower 6MWD: sex (R2 = 0.47, p < 0.0001), mRSS (R2 = 0.47, p = 0.008), tendon friction rub (R2 = 0.47, p = 0.003), SHAQ (R2 = 0.47, p = 0.02), muscle disability score (R2 = 0.47, p = 0.03), DLCO% (R2 = 0.47, p = 0.0008), and left ventricular ejection fraction (R2 = 0.47, p = 0.006). The 6MWD at first referral was an independent predictor for the overall mortality (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.988-0.999) and the SSc-related mortality (HR 0.99, 95% CI 0.988-0.999). CONCLUSION We show strong reproducibility for the 6MWD and confirm the 6MWT utility to assess the overall prognosis of patients with SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégory Pugnet
- From the Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Toulouse Purpan; Faculté de Médecine de Toulouse, Toulouse; Hématologie clinique et thérapie cellulaire, and Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Antoine; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de médecine interne, Centre national de référence "Lupus, syndrome des antiphospholipides et autres maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares," Hôpital Pierre Zobda Quitman, CHU de Martinique, Fort de France, Martinique; Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Department of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. .,G. Pugnet, MD, PhD, Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Toulouse Purpan, and Faculté de Médecine de Toulouse; Z. Marjanovic, MD, Hématologie clinique et thérapie cellulaire, AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Antoine; C. Deligny, MD, PhD, Service de médecine interne, Centre national de référence "Lupus, syndrome des antiphospholipides et autres maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares," Hôpital Pierre Zobda Quitman, CHU de Martinique; K. Boussardon, MSc, Physiotherapist, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis; I. Benzidia, MD, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis; M. Puyade, MD, Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers; P. Lansiaux, PhD, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis; E. Vandecasteele, MD, Department of Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital; V. Smith, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, and Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital; D. Farge, MD, PhD, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité.
| | - Zora Marjanovic
- From the Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Toulouse Purpan; Faculté de Médecine de Toulouse, Toulouse; Hématologie clinique et thérapie cellulaire, and Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Antoine; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de médecine interne, Centre national de référence "Lupus, syndrome des antiphospholipides et autres maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares," Hôpital Pierre Zobda Quitman, CHU de Martinique, Fort de France, Martinique; Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Department of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,G. Pugnet, MD, PhD, Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Toulouse Purpan, and Faculté de Médecine de Toulouse; Z. Marjanovic, MD, Hématologie clinique et thérapie cellulaire, AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Antoine; C. Deligny, MD, PhD, Service de médecine interne, Centre national de référence "Lupus, syndrome des antiphospholipides et autres maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares," Hôpital Pierre Zobda Quitman, CHU de Martinique; K. Boussardon, MSc, Physiotherapist, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis; I. Benzidia, MD, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis; M. Puyade, MD, Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers; P. Lansiaux, PhD, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis; E. Vandecasteele, MD, Department of Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital; V. Smith, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, and Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital; D. Farge, MD, PhD, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité
| | - Christophe Deligny
- From the Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Toulouse Purpan; Faculté de Médecine de Toulouse, Toulouse; Hématologie clinique et thérapie cellulaire, and Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Antoine; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de médecine interne, Centre national de référence "Lupus, syndrome des antiphospholipides et autres maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares," Hôpital Pierre Zobda Quitman, CHU de Martinique, Fort de France, Martinique; Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Department of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,G. Pugnet, MD, PhD, Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Toulouse Purpan, and Faculté de Médecine de Toulouse; Z. Marjanovic, MD, Hématologie clinique et thérapie cellulaire, AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Antoine; C. Deligny, MD, PhD, Service de médecine interne, Centre national de référence "Lupus, syndrome des antiphospholipides et autres maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares," Hôpital Pierre Zobda Quitman, CHU de Martinique; K. Boussardon, MSc, Physiotherapist, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis; I. Benzidia, MD, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis; M. Puyade, MD, Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers; P. Lansiaux, PhD, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis; E. Vandecasteele, MD, Department of Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital; V. Smith, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, and Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital; D. Farge, MD, PhD, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité
| | - Karine Boussardon
- From the Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Toulouse Purpan; Faculté de Médecine de Toulouse, Toulouse; Hématologie clinique et thérapie cellulaire, and Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Antoine; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de médecine interne, Centre national de référence "Lupus, syndrome des antiphospholipides et autres maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares," Hôpital Pierre Zobda Quitman, CHU de Martinique, Fort de France, Martinique; Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Department of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,G. Pugnet, MD, PhD, Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Toulouse Purpan, and Faculté de Médecine de Toulouse; Z. Marjanovic, MD, Hématologie clinique et thérapie cellulaire, AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Antoine; C. Deligny, MD, PhD, Service de médecine interne, Centre national de référence "Lupus, syndrome des antiphospholipides et autres maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares," Hôpital Pierre Zobda Quitman, CHU de Martinique; K. Boussardon, MSc, Physiotherapist, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis; I. Benzidia, MD, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis; M. Puyade, MD, Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers; P. Lansiaux, PhD, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis; E. Vandecasteele, MD, Department of Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital; V. Smith, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, and Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital; D. Farge, MD, PhD, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité
| | - Ilham Benzidia
- From the Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Toulouse Purpan; Faculté de Médecine de Toulouse, Toulouse; Hématologie clinique et thérapie cellulaire, and Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Antoine; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de médecine interne, Centre national de référence "Lupus, syndrome des antiphospholipides et autres maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares," Hôpital Pierre Zobda Quitman, CHU de Martinique, Fort de France, Martinique; Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Department of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,G. Pugnet, MD, PhD, Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Toulouse Purpan, and Faculté de Médecine de Toulouse; Z. Marjanovic, MD, Hématologie clinique et thérapie cellulaire, AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Antoine; C. Deligny, MD, PhD, Service de médecine interne, Centre national de référence "Lupus, syndrome des antiphospholipides et autres maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares," Hôpital Pierre Zobda Quitman, CHU de Martinique; K. Boussardon, MSc, Physiotherapist, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis; I. Benzidia, MD, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis; M. Puyade, MD, Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers; P. Lansiaux, PhD, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis; E. Vandecasteele, MD, Department of Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital; V. Smith, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, and Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital; D. Farge, MD, PhD, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité
| | - Mathieu Puyade
- From the Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Toulouse Purpan; Faculté de Médecine de Toulouse, Toulouse; Hématologie clinique et thérapie cellulaire, and Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Antoine; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de médecine interne, Centre national de référence "Lupus, syndrome des antiphospholipides et autres maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares," Hôpital Pierre Zobda Quitman, CHU de Martinique, Fort de France, Martinique; Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Department of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,G. Pugnet, MD, PhD, Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Toulouse Purpan, and Faculté de Médecine de Toulouse; Z. Marjanovic, MD, Hématologie clinique et thérapie cellulaire, AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Antoine; C. Deligny, MD, PhD, Service de médecine interne, Centre national de référence "Lupus, syndrome des antiphospholipides et autres maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares," Hôpital Pierre Zobda Quitman, CHU de Martinique; K. Boussardon, MSc, Physiotherapist, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis; I. Benzidia, MD, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis; M. Puyade, MD, Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers; P. Lansiaux, PhD, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis; E. Vandecasteele, MD, Department of Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital; V. Smith, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, and Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital; D. Farge, MD, PhD, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité
| | - Pauline Lansiaux
- From the Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Toulouse Purpan; Faculté de Médecine de Toulouse, Toulouse; Hématologie clinique et thérapie cellulaire, and Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Antoine; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de médecine interne, Centre national de référence "Lupus, syndrome des antiphospholipides et autres maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares," Hôpital Pierre Zobda Quitman, CHU de Martinique, Fort de France, Martinique; Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Department of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,G. Pugnet, MD, PhD, Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Toulouse Purpan, and Faculté de Médecine de Toulouse; Z. Marjanovic, MD, Hématologie clinique et thérapie cellulaire, AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Antoine; C. Deligny, MD, PhD, Service de médecine interne, Centre national de référence "Lupus, syndrome des antiphospholipides et autres maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares," Hôpital Pierre Zobda Quitman, CHU de Martinique; K. Boussardon, MSc, Physiotherapist, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis; I. Benzidia, MD, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis; M. Puyade, MD, Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers; P. Lansiaux, PhD, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis; E. Vandecasteele, MD, Department of Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital; V. Smith, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, and Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital; D. Farge, MD, PhD, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité
| | - Els Vandecasteele
- From the Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Toulouse Purpan; Faculté de Médecine de Toulouse, Toulouse; Hématologie clinique et thérapie cellulaire, and Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Antoine; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de médecine interne, Centre national de référence "Lupus, syndrome des antiphospholipides et autres maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares," Hôpital Pierre Zobda Quitman, CHU de Martinique, Fort de France, Martinique; Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Department of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,G. Pugnet, MD, PhD, Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Toulouse Purpan, and Faculté de Médecine de Toulouse; Z. Marjanovic, MD, Hématologie clinique et thérapie cellulaire, AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Antoine; C. Deligny, MD, PhD, Service de médecine interne, Centre national de référence "Lupus, syndrome des antiphospholipides et autres maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares," Hôpital Pierre Zobda Quitman, CHU de Martinique; K. Boussardon, MSc, Physiotherapist, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis; I. Benzidia, MD, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis; M. Puyade, MD, Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers; P. Lansiaux, PhD, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis; E. Vandecasteele, MD, Department of Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital; V. Smith, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, and Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital; D. Farge, MD, PhD, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité
| | - Vanessa Smith
- From the Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Toulouse Purpan; Faculté de Médecine de Toulouse, Toulouse; Hématologie clinique et thérapie cellulaire, and Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Antoine; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de médecine interne, Centre national de référence "Lupus, syndrome des antiphospholipides et autres maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares," Hôpital Pierre Zobda Quitman, CHU de Martinique, Fort de France, Martinique; Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Department of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,G. Pugnet, MD, PhD, Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Toulouse Purpan, and Faculté de Médecine de Toulouse; Z. Marjanovic, MD, Hématologie clinique et thérapie cellulaire, AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Antoine; C. Deligny, MD, PhD, Service de médecine interne, Centre national de référence "Lupus, syndrome des antiphospholipides et autres maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares," Hôpital Pierre Zobda Quitman, CHU de Martinique; K. Boussardon, MSc, Physiotherapist, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis; I. Benzidia, MD, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis; M. Puyade, MD, Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers; P. Lansiaux, PhD, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis; E. Vandecasteele, MD, Department of Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital; V. Smith, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, and Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital; D. Farge, MD, PhD, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité
| | - Dominique Farge
- From the Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Toulouse Purpan; Faculté de Médecine de Toulouse, Toulouse; Hématologie clinique et thérapie cellulaire, and Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Antoine; Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France; Service de médecine interne, Centre national de référence "Lupus, syndrome des antiphospholipides et autres maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares," Hôpital Pierre Zobda Quitman, CHU de Martinique, Fort de France, Martinique; Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers, Poitiers, France; Department of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, and Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. .,G. Pugnet, MD, PhD, Service de Médecine Interne, CHU Toulouse Purpan, and Faculté de Médecine de Toulouse; Z. Marjanovic, MD, Hématologie clinique et thérapie cellulaire, AP-HP, hôpital Saint-Antoine; C. Deligny, MD, PhD, Service de médecine interne, Centre national de référence "Lupus, syndrome des antiphospholipides et autres maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares," Hôpital Pierre Zobda Quitman, CHU de Martinique; K. Boussardon, MSc, Physiotherapist, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis; I. Benzidia, MD, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis; M. Puyade, MD, Service de Médecine Interne et Maladies Infectieuses, CHU de Poitiers; P. Lansiaux, PhD, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis; E. Vandecasteele, MD, Department of Cardiology, Ghent University Hospital; V. Smith, MD, PhD, Department of Internal Medicine, Ghent University, and Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University Hospital; D. Farge, MD, PhD, Unité de Médecine Interne, Maladies Auto-immunes et Pathologie Vasculaire, UF 04, Centre de référence des maladies auto-immunes systémiques rares d'Ile-de-France, Filière (FAI2R), AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité.
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Abstract
Inflammatory disorders of the skeletal muscle include polymyositis (PM), dermatomyositis (DM), (immune mediated) necrotizing myopathy (NM), overlap syndrome with myositis (overlap myositis, OM) including anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS), and inclusion body myositis (IBM). Whereas DM occurs in children and adults, all other forms of myositis mostly develop in middle aged individuals. Apart from a slowly progressive, chronic disease course in IBM, patients with myositis typically present with a subacute onset of weakness of arms and legs, often associated with pain and clearly elevated creatine kinase in the serum. PM, DM and most patients with NM and OM usually respond to immunosuppressive therapy, whereas IBM is largely refractory to treatment. The diagnosis of myositis requires careful and combinatorial assessment of (1) clinical symptoms including pattern of weakness and paraclinical tests such as MRI of the muscle and electromyography (EMG), (2) broad analysis of auto-antibodies associated with myositis, and (3) detailed histopathological work-up of a skeletal muscle biopsy. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the current classification, diagnostic pathway, treatment regimen and pathomechanistic understanding of myositis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Muscle Immunobiology Group, Neuromuscular Center, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany,Correspondence to: Prof. Dr. Jens Schmidt, MD, FEAN, FAAN, Muscle Immunobiology Group, Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany. Tel.: +49 551 39 22355; Fax: +49 551 39 8405; E-mail:
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review the novel development of standardized clinical outcome measures used in adult patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs). A further aim was to determine what aspects of IIM are covered by these outcome measures according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). RECENT FINDINGS The sporadic inclusion body myositis functional assessment (sIFA) is the first diagnosis-specific patient-driven patient-reported outcome measure. The adult myositis assessment tool (AMAT) is a new outcome measure assessing physical performance. Also, new criteria to assess response to treatment have been presented for both adults and children with IIM. The ICF provides a standardized frame and structure to report outcome, including functional disability. Using this framework, it is evident that there is a lack of validated patient-reported outcome measures to assess disease aspects important to patient, and that no studies have evaluated life-style factors such as physical activity in these patients. SUMMARY The sIFA will ensure patient-relevant patient-reported assessment of activity limitations in patients with inclusion body myositis. The AMAT is a partly validated tool that needs to be used in clinical trials for further validation. The response criteria will enhance assessment of individual response to different treatments.
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Abstract
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are heterogeneous disorders that affect the skeletal muscles. Polymyositis, dermatomyositis, and inclusion body myositis are major IIM subsets. Immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy became recognized as a potentially new IIM subset. Since the new classification criteria published by the International Myositis Classification Criteria Project have higher sensitivity and specificity for IIM classification and subclassification than the previous criteria, they should help precise diagnosis. It should be noted that several tests available in current clinical practice, such as electromyography, magnetic resonance imaging, and other myositis-specific autoantibodies than anti-Jo-1 antibodies, were not included in the new criteria. As for treatment, glucocorticoids are used empirically as the first-line treatment despite their various adverse effects. Concomitant treatment with steroid-sparing immunosuppressive agents, including methotrexate, azathioprine, calcineurin inhibitors, mycophenolate mofetil, and cyclophosphamide, reduces successfully initial glucocorticoid doses for the remission induction, the relapse risk during glucocorticoid tapering, and adverse effects of glucocorticoids. Treatment with biologics, including rituximab and abatacept, seems promising in some IIM patients. Multi-target treatment with glucocorticoids and several steroid-sparing immunosuppressive agents is effective in refractory IIM patients. Considering proven steroid-sparing efficacy and tolerability of multi-target treatment in patients with other autoimmune diseases, it should be a good therapeutic option for IIMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirokazu Sasaki
- a Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hitoshi Kohsaka
- a Department of Rheumatology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences , Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU) , Tokyo , Japan
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Anan R, Akiyama M, Kaneko Y, Kikuchi J, Suzuki K, Matsubara S, Takeuchi T. Polymyositis with elevated serum IgG4 levels and abundant IgG4+ plasma cell infiltration: A case report and literature review. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96:e8710. [PMID: 29310344 PMCID: PMC5728745 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000008710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polymyositis (PM) is a type of autoimmune, inflammatory myopathy. IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is a recently recognized disease entity characterized by elevated serum IgG4 levels and IgG4 plasma-cell infiltration of various organs. However, several reports have described cases of other diseases that present with those features, suggesting the importance of careful differential diagnosis. Herein, we report the first case of PM with elevated serum IgG4 levels and IgG4 plasma cells in the muscles, mimicking IgG4-RD.A 73-year-old woman visited our hospital because of proximal muscle weakness of both thighs. Her blood test showed high levels of serum creatinine kinase, aldolase, and IgG4. Magnetic resonance imaging of the thighs showed muscle edema. Needle electromyography showed findings typical of myositis. Histological analysis of her left quadriceps revealed infiltration of IgG4 plasma cells as well as CD8 T cells. Scattered necrotic and regenerating muscle fibers with no specific findings for IgG4-RD (storiform fibrosis and obliterative phlebitis) were typical for PM. We diagnosed her condition as PM and treated her with 40 mg/day of prednisolone that decreased levels of muscle enzymes and improved muscle weakness. CONCLUSION Our case indicated that PM could present with high serum IgG4 levels and IgG4 plasma-cell infiltration, mimicking IgG4-RD. Although the mechanism of IgG4 elevation in such PM is unclear, our case highlights the necessity to recognize that high serum IgG4 levels and IgG4 plasma-cell infiltration in organs are not specific for IgG4-RD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusuke Anan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Mitsuhiro Akiyama
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Yuko Kaneko
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Jun Kikuchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Kazuko Suzuki
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
| | - Shiro Matsubara
- Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Neurological Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takeuchi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine
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Miller JB, Paik JJ. Overlap Syndromes in Inflammatory Myopathies. CURRENT TREATMENT OPTIONS IN RHEUMATOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s40674-017-0074-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Watad A, Amital H, Shoenfeld Y. Intravenous immunoglobulin: a biological corticosteroid-sparing agent in some autoimmune conditions. Lupus 2017; 26:1015-1022. [DOI: 10.1177/0961203317696589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) is increasingly used for the treatment of autoimmune and systemic inflammatory diseases. This compound is effective in a wide range of clinical conditions other than primary immunodeficiency, including autoimmune diseases, inflammatory disorders, infections, organ transplantation, and possibly supportive therapy for cancer. Systemic corticosteroids remain the gold standard treatment for many autoimmune diseases, but their long-term use is associated with complications in diverse organs and systems. Osteoporosis, osteonecrosis, cardiovascular disease, infections, and cancer have been associated with this treatment. Therefore, physicians are occasionally forced to withdraw the treatment with steroids. Biological agents may represent a good alternative, but in addition to being very expensive, these agents may have serious side effects. This review aimed to cover the major advances in the use of IVIg as a steroid-sparing agent in some relevant autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Watad
- Department of Medicine ‘B’, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - H Amital
- Department of Medicine ‘B’, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Y Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Intravenously administered immunoglobulins have multiple modes of action that are anti-inflammatory. They can therefore be beneficial in a number of autoimmune disorders. OBJECTIVE The aim of this article is to analyze and summarize studies on the administration of intravenous immunoglobulins in rheumatological diseases. METHODS A selective search and analysis of the literature was carried out related to the mode of action and efficacy of intravenous immunoglobulins in rheumatological diseases. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Intravenous immunoglobulins have a broad mode of action and can therefore be beneficial in almost all autoimmune diseases. Conditions in which they are of special benefit include immunothrombopenia (ITP), Kawasaki disease and idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. In rare situations, they may also be indicated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren's syndrome and neuropathies, catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), scleroderma, antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated vasculitis, pyoderma gangrenosum and scleromyxedema. Severe adverse events are rare. In view of the high costs of the therapy, intravenous immunoglobulins are mostly applied in emergency situations, as salvage therapy when other standard therapies have failed or when severe infections are a contraindication to the administration of immunosuppressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Witte
- Klinik für Immunologie und Rheumatologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Deutschland.
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Cherin P, de Jaeger C, Crave JC, Delain JC, Tadmouri A, Amoura Z. Subcutaneous immunoglobulins for the treatment of a patient with antisynthetase syndrome and secondary chronic immunodeficiency after anti-CD20 treatment: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2017; 11:58. [PMID: 28257650 PMCID: PMC5336681 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-017-1211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antisynthetase syndrome is a rare and debilitating multiorgan disease characterized by inflammatory myopathy, interstitial lung disease, cutaneous involvement, and frequent chronic inflammation of the joints. Standard treatments include corticosteroids and immunosuppressants. In some cases, treatment resistance may develop. Administration of immunoglobulins intravenously is recommended in patients with drug-resistant antisynthetase syndrome. Case presentation Here, we describe the case of a 56-year-old woman of Algerian origin. She is the first case of a patient with multidrug-resistant antisynthetase syndrome featuring pulmonary involvement and arthropathy, and chronic secondary immune deficiency with recurrent infections, after anti-CD20 treatment, in which her primary antisynthetase syndrome-related symptoms and secondary immune deficiency were treated successfully with subcutaneous administration of immunoglobulin. The administration of immunoglobulin subcutaneously was introduced at a dose of 2 g/kg per month and was well tolerated. Clinical improvement was observed within 3 months of initiation of subcutaneous administration of immunoglobulin. After 22 months of treatment, she showed a significant improvement in terms of muscle strength, pulmonary involvement, arthralgia, and immunodeficiency. Her serum creatine phosphokinase and C-reactive protein levels remained normal. Finally, she was compliant and entirely satisfied with the treatment. Conclusions Taken together, these observations suggest that administration of immunoglobulin subcutaneously may be a useful therapeutic approach to tackle steroid-refractory antisynthetase syndrome while ensuring minimal side effects and improved treatment compliance. This treatment also allowed, in our case, for the regression of the chronic immunodeficiency secondary to rituximab treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Cherin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pitié-Salpetrière Hospital Group, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France.
| | | | | | | | | | - Zahir Amoura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pitié-Salpetrière Hospital Group, 47-83 Boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013, Paris, France
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Moghadam-Kia S, Oddis CV, Aggarwal R. Modern Therapies for Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies (IIMs): Role of Biologics. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2017; 52:81-87. [PMID: 26767526 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-016-8530-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite the lack of placebo-controlled trials, glucocorticoids are considered the mainstay of initial treatment for idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIMs) and myositis-associated ILD (MA-ILD). Glucocorticoid-sparing agents are often given concomitantly with other immunosuppressive agents, particularly in patients with moderate or severe disease. As treatment of refractory cases of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies has been challenging, there is growing interest in evaluating newer therapies including biologics that target various pathways involved in the pathogenesis of IIMs. In a large clinical trial of rituximab in adult and juvenile myositis, the primary outcome was not met, but the definition of improvement was met by most of this refractory group of myositis patients. Rituximab use was also associated with a significant glucocorticoid-sparing effect. Intravenous immune globulin (IVIg) can be used for refractory IIMs or those with severe dysphagia or concomitant infections. Anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) utility in IIMs is generally limited by previous negative studies along with recent reports suggesting their potential for inducing myositis. Further research is required to assess the role of new therapies such as tocilizumab (anti-IL6), ACTH gel, sifalimumab (anti-IFNα), and abatacept (inhibition of T cell co-stimulation) given their biological plausibility and encouraging small case series results. Other potential novel therapies include alemtuzumab (a humanized monoclonal antibody which binds CD52 on B and T lymphocytes), fingolimod (a sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator that traps T lymphocytes in the lymphoid organs), eculizumab, and basiliximab. The future investigations in IIMs will depend on well-designed controlled clinical trials using validated consensus core set measures and improvements in myositis classification schemes based on serologic and histopathologic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Moghadam-Kia
- Department of Medicine, Myositis Center and Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3601 5th Avenue, Suite 2B, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Chester V Oddis
- Department of Medicine, Myositis Center and Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3601 5th Avenue, Suite 2B, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Rohit Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, Myositis Center and Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, 3601 5th Avenue, Suite 2B, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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Foreman C, Russo P, Davies N, Hissaria P, Proudman S, Hughes T, Limaye V. Use of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for myositis: an audit in South Australian patients. Intern Med J 2017; 47:112-115. [PMID: 28076913 DOI: 10.1111/imj.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In South Australia, between 2000 and 2014, 57 patients with idiopathic inflammatory myositis (IIM) were treated with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg). We reviewed disease characteristics to determine predictors of response to therapy and IVIg dosing and duration to identify opportunities to rationalise IVIg use. Patients with dermatomyositis/polymyositis had a response rate of 77% and were more likely than inclusion body myositis to respond to therapy. Consideration should be given to the use of the lowest possible dose of IVIg and to the undertaking of trials of cessation of IVIg in patients with stable IIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Foreman
- Immunology Department, SA Pathology Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Immunology Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Paul Russo
- Immunology Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Noelene Davies
- Immunoglobulin Governance, SA Health, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Pravin Hissaria
- Immunology Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Susanna Proudman
- Rheumatology Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Tiffany Hughes
- Immunology Department, SA Pathology Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Vidya Limaye
- Rheumatology Department, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.,Discipline of Medicine, Adelaide University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Anh-Tu Hoa S, Hudson M. Critical review of the role of intravenous immunoglobulins in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2016; 46:488-508. [PMID: 27908534 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to summarize key findings from the literature concerning the therapeutic role of intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg) in idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), dissecting the evidence according to disease subtype and treatment indication, and to review the evidence relating to the mechanism of action of IVIg in IIM to ascertain rationale for continued research. METHODS Medline (Ovid) and Pubmed databases were searched from inception to July 2016 using relevant keywords. Original and review articles were retrieved for full-text review. Bibliographies of selected articles were also hand-searched for additional references. Data were summarized qualitatively and in tabular form. RESULTS The efficacy of IVIg in IIM is supported by 3 randomized controlled trials, involving dermatomyositis and polymyositis subjects, in refractory, relapsed, or steroid-dependent disease, as well as part of first-line therapy in elderly dermatomyositis subjects. Other indications for IVIg are supported by uncontrolled evidence only. Limitations of studies include open, uncontrolled or retrospective study designs, small and selected samples, short-term follow-up and ad hoc outcome measures. Despite the limited evidence, there is strong biological plausibility for the role of IVIg in IIM. CONCLUSION Robust, controlled evidence to support the use of IVIg using validated outcome measures is urgently required to guide therapeutic decision-making and maximize outcomes in IIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Anh-Tu Hoa
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Marie Hudson
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Abstract
The management of patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (IIM) remains a challenge given the systemic features beyond active myositis. That is, recognizing the inflammatory arthropathy, varying dermatomyositis rashes, and overt and occult features of interstitial lung disease in addition to myositis adds to the complexity of diagnosis and treatment of IIM. However, clinicians now have available many more immunosuppressive drugs as well as biologic agents for use in patients with myositis and other autoimmune diseases. Here, the use of these agents is reviewed and support based on available published literature is provided even though many studies have been small and results somewhat anecdotal. Glucocorticoids remain the initial treatment of choice in most instances and methotrexate and azathioprine are often used early in the treatment course. These agents are followed by other immunosuppressive drugs, for example mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, cyclosporine and cyclophosphamide, some of which are used alone while combinations of these agents also provide an effective option. There is more rationale for the use of biologic agents such as rituximab from a mechanistic perspective and, given the incorporation of validated core set measures in assessing myositis patients, we can look forward to better designed clinical trials in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- C V Oddis
- Myositis Center, Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Barahona Afonso AF, João CMP. The Production Processes and Biological Effects of Intravenous Immunoglobulin. Biomolecules 2016; 6:15. [PMID: 27005671 PMCID: PMC4808809 DOI: 10.3390/biom6010015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 03/01/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin is a highly diverse autologous molecule able to influence immunity in different physiological and diseased situations. Its effect may be visible both in terms of development and function of B and T lymphocytes. Polyclonal immunoglobulin may be used as therapy in many diseases in different circumstances such as primary and secondary hypogammaglobulinemia, recurrent infections, polyneuropathies, cancer, after allogeneic transplantation in the presence of infections and/or GVHD. However, recent studies have broadened the possible uses of polyclonal immunoglobulin showing that it can stimulate certain sub-populations of T cells with effects on T cell proliferation, survival and function in situations of lymphopenia. These results present a novel and considerable impact of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment in situations of severe lymphopenia, a situation that can occur in cancer patients after chemo and radiotherapy treatments. In this review paper the established and experimental role of polyclonal immunoglobulin will be presented and discussed as well as the manufacturing processes involved in their production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Barahona Afonso
- Department of Chemistry, Universidade de Évora, Colégio Luís António Verney, Rua Romão Ramalho 59, 7000-671 Évora, Portugal.
| | - Cristina Maria Pires João
- Hematology Department, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, Av. Brasília, 1400-038 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Cherin P, Belizna C, Cartry O, Lascu-Dubos G, de Jaeger C, Delain JC, Crave JC, Hachulla E. Long-term subcutaneous immunoglobulin use in inflammatory myopathies: A retrospective review of 19 cases. Autoimmun Rev 2016; 15:281-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Živković S. Intravenous immunoglobulin in the treatment of neurologic disorders. Acta Neurol Scand 2016; 133:84-96. [PMID: 25997034 DOI: 10.1111/ane.12444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIGs) are often used in the treatment of autoimmune disorders and immunodeficiencies, and it has been estimated that neurologic indications can account for up to 43% of IVIG used in clinical practice. In neurologic clinical practice, IVIG is used for acute therapy of newly diagnosed autoimmune disorders or exacerbations of pre-existing conditions, or as long-term maintenance treatment for chronic disorders. IVIG exerts its effects on humoral and cell-based immunity through multiple pathways, without a single dominant mechanism. Clinical use of IVIG has been supported by guidelines from American Academy of Neurology and European Federation of Neurologic Societies. IVIG is generally recommended for the treatment of Guillain-Barre syndrome and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy in adults, multifocal motor neuropathy and myasthenia gravis, and should be considered as a treatment option for dermatomyositis in adults and Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome. Additional potential indications include stiff person syndrome, multiple sclerosis during pregnancy or while breastfeeding, refractory autoimmune epilepsy, and paraneoplastic disorders. Clinical use of IVIG is mostly safe but few adverse effects may still occur with potentially severe complications, including aseptic meningitis and thromboembolism. In addition to intravenous route (IVIG), subcutaneous immunoglobulins have been used as an alternative treatment option, especially in patients with limited intravenous access. Treatment with IVIG is effective in various autoimmune diseases, but its broader use is constrained by limited supply. This review evaluates the use of immunoglobulins in treatment of neurologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Živković
- Department of Neurology; University of Pittsburgh Medical Center; Pittsburgh PA USA
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Lee JS, Fischer A. Current and emerging treatment options for interstitial lung disease in patients with rheumatic disease. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2016; 12:509-20. [PMID: 26752397 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2016.1139454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The management of connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) is complex and this arena offers many challenges to the practicing clinician. Unfortunately, treatment strategies and recommendations are often based on experience rather than evidence, and there are few effective therapeutic options. Pharmacologic intervention with immunosuppression is usually the mainstay of therapy and is reserved for those with clinically significant and/or progressive ILD. There is a desperate need for controlled trials across the spectrum of CTD-ILD and a number of potentially promising novel therapies warrant further study. It is important to address co-morbid conditions or aggravating factors (e.g., gastroesophageal reflux, aspiration, bone health, pulmonary hypertension, Pneumocystis jiroveci prophylaxis) and to institute non-pharmacologic management strategies (e.g., supplemental oxygen and cardiopulmonary rehabilitation) as part of a comprehensive treatment plan in CTD-ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce S Lee
- a Department of Medicine , University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora , CO , USA
| | - Aryeh Fischer
- a Department of Medicine , University of Colorado School of Medicine , Aurora , CO , USA
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Moghadam-Kia S, Aggarwal R, Oddis CV. Treatment of inflammatory myopathy: emerging therapies and therapeutic targets. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2015; 11:1265-75. [PMID: 26313852 DOI: 10.1586/1744666x.2015.1082908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the lack of placebo-controlled trials, glucocorticoids are considered the mainstay of initial treatment for idiopathic inflammatory myopathy and myositis-associated interstitial lung disease. Glucocorticoid-sparing agents are often given concomitantly with other immunosuppressive agents, particularly in patients with moderate or severe disease. First-line conventional immunosuppressive drugs include either methotrexate or azathioprine, and when they fail, more aggressive therapy includes mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus or cyclosporine, intravenous immunoglobulin, rituximab, or cyclophosphamide, used alone or in various combinations. Further investigations are required to assess the role of more novel therapies in the treatment of myositis and myositis-associated interstitial lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Moghadam-Kia
- a Department of Medicine, Myositis Center and Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Rohit Aggarwal
- a Department of Medicine, Myositis Center and Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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