1
|
van Hugten PPW, Jeuken RM, Asik EE, Oevering H, Welting TJM, van Donkelaar CC, Thies JC, Emans PJ, Roth AK. In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the osseointegration capacity of a polycarbonate-urethane zirconium-oxide composite material for application in a focal knee resurfacing implant. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:1424-1435. [PMID: 38465895 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Currently available focal knee resurfacing implants (FKRIs) are fully or partially composed of metals, which show a large disparity in elastic modulus relative to bone and cartilage tissue. Although titanium is known for its excellent osseointegration, the application in FKRIs can lead to potential stress-shielding and metal implants can cause degeneration of the opposing articulating cartilage due to the high resulting contact stresses. Furthermore, metal implants do not allow for follow-up using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).To overcome the drawbacks of using metal based FKRIs, a biomimetic and MRI compatible bi-layered non-resorbable thermoplastic polycarbonate-urethane (PCU)-based FKRI was developed. The objective of this preclinical study was to evaluate the mechanical properties, biocompatibility and osteoconduction of a novel Bionate® 75D - zirconium oxide (B75D-ZrO2) composite material in vitro and the osseointegration of a B75D-ZrO2 composite stem PCU implant in a caprine animal model. The tensile strength and elastic modulus of the B75D-ZrO2 composite were characterized through in vitro mechanical tests under ambient and physiological conditions. In vitro biocompatibility and osteoconductivity were evaluated by exposing human mesenchymal stem cells to the B75D-ZrO2 composite and culturing the cells under osteogenic conditions. Cell activity and mineralization were assessed and compared to Bionate® 75D (B75D) and titanium disks. The in vivo osseointegration of implants containing a B75D-ZrO2 stem was compared to implants with a B75D stem and titanium stem in a caprine large animal model. After a follow-up of 6 months, bone histomorphometry was performed to assess the bone-to-implant contact area (BIC). Mechanical testing showed that the B75D-ZrO2 composite material possesses an elastic modulus in the range of the elastic modulus reported for trabecular bone. The B75D-ZrO2 composite material facilitated cell mediated mineralization to a comparable extent as titanium. A significantly higher bone-to-implant contact (BIC) score was observed in the B75D-ZrO2 implants compared to the B75D implants. The BIC of B75D-ZrO2 implants was not significantly different compared to titanium implants. A biocompatible B75D-ZrO2 composite approximating the elastic modulus of trabecular bone was developed by compounding B75D with zirconium oxide. In vivo evaluation showed an significant increase of osseointegration for B75D-ZrO2 composite stem implants compared to B75D polymer stem PCU implants. The osseointegration of B75D-ZrO2 composite stem PCU implants was not significantly different in comparison to analogous titanium stem metal implants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pieter P W van Hugten
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Joint Preservation Clinic, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ralph M Jeuken
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Joint Preservation Clinic, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Erkan E Asik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Avalanche Medical BV, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Tim J M Welting
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Corrinus C van Donkelaar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Peter J Emans
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Joint Preservation Clinic, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Avalanche Medical BV, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alex K Roth
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Avalanche Medical BV, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fan Z, Zhao X, Ma J, Zhan H, Ma X. Suppression of YAP Ameliorates Cartilage Degeneration in Ankle Osteoarthritis via Modulation of the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway. Calcif Tissue Int 2024; 115:283-297. [PMID: 38953964 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-024-01242-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Ankle osteoarthritis is a relatively understudied condition and the molecular mechanisms involved in its development are not well understood. This investigation aimed to explore the role and underlying molecular mechanisms of Yes-associated protein (YAP) in rat ankle osteoarthritis. The results demonstrated that YAP expression levels were abnormally increased in the ankle osteoarthritis cartilage model. In addition, knockdown of YAP expression was shown to hinder the imbalance in ECM metabolism induced by IL-1β in chondrocytes, as demonstrated by the regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, MMP-9, and MMP-13, a disintegrin, metalloprotease with thrombospondin motifs, aggrecan, and collagen II expression. Additional studies revealed that downregulation of YAP expression markedly inhibited the overexpression of β-catenin stimulated by IL-1β. Furthermore, inhibition of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway reversed the ECM metabolism imbalance caused by YAP overexpression in chondrocytes. It is important to note that the YAP-specific inhibitor verteporfin (VP) significantly delayed the progression of ankle osteoarthritis. In conclusion, the findings highlighted the crucial role of YAP as a regulator in modulating the progression of ankle osteoarthritis via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These findings suggest that pharmacological inhibition of YAP can be an effective and critical therapeutic target for alleviating ankle osteoarthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhengrui Fan
- The department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Xingwen Zhao
- The department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Jianxiong Ma
- The department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300050, China.
| | - Hongqi Zhan
- The department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300050, China
| | - Xinlong Ma
- The department of Orthopedics, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Biomechanics and Medical Engineering, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin, 300050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bae WC, Statum S, Masuda K, Chung CB. T1rho MR properties of human patellar cartilage: correlation with indentation stiffness and biochemical contents. Skeletal Radiol 2024; 53:649-656. [PMID: 37740079 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-023-04458-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cartilage degeneration involves structural, compositional, and biomechanical alterations that may be detected non-invasively using quantitative MRI. The goal of this study was to determine if topographical variation in T1rho values correlates with indentation stiffness and biochemical contents of human patellar cartilage. DESIGN Cadaveric patellae from unilateral knees of 5 donors with moderate degeneration were imaged at 3-Telsa with spiral chopped magnetization preparation T1rho sequence. Indentation testing was performed, followed by biochemical analyses to determine water and sulfated glycosaminoglycan contents. T1rho values were compared to indentation stiffness, using semi-circular regions of interest (ROIs) of varying sizes at each indentation site. ROIs matching the resected tissues were analyzed, and univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed to compare T1rho values to biochemical contents. RESULTS Grossly, superficial degenerative change of the cartilage (i.e., roughened texture and erosion) corresponded with regions of high T1rho values. High T1rho values correlated with low indentation stiffness, and the strength of correlation varied slightly with the ROI size. Spatial variations in T1rho values correlated positively with that of the water content (R2 = 0.10, p < 0.05) and negatively with the variations in the GAG content (R2 = 0.13, p < 0.01). Multivariate correlation (R2 = 0.23, p < 0.01) was stronger than either of the univariate correlations. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate the sensitivity of T1rho values to spatially varying function and composition of cartilage and that the strength of correlation depends on the method of data analysis and consideration of multiple variables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won C Bae
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, 9427 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0997, USA.
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive MC-114, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA.
| | - Sheronda Statum
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, 9427 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0997, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive MC-114, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| | - Koichi Masuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California-San Diego, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0863, USA
| | - Christine B Chung
- Department of Radiology, University of California-San Diego, 9427 Health Sciences Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0997, USA
- VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive MC-114, San Diego, CA, 92161, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
McCarthy HS, Tins B, Gallacher PD, Jermin P, Richardson JB, Kuiper JH, Roberts S. Histological and Radiological Assessment of Endogenously Generated Repair Tissue In Vivo Following a Chondral Harvest. Cartilage 2023; 14:48-58. [PMID: 36704827 PMCID: PMC10076898 DOI: 10.1177/19476035221149523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine repair tissue formed approximately 15 months after a chondral harvest in the human knee. DESIGN Sixteen individuals (12 males, 4 females, mean age 36 ± 9 years) underwent a chondral harvest in the trochlea as a pre-requisite for autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) treatment. The harvest site was assessed via MRI at 14.3 ± 3.2 months and arthroscopy at 15 ± 3.5 months (using the Oswestry Arthroscopy Score [O-AS] and the International Cartilage Repair Society Arthroscopy Score [ICRS-AS]). Core biopsies (1.8 mm diameter, n = 16) of repair tissue obtained at arthroscopy were assessed histologically (using the ICRS II and OsScore histology scores) and examined via immunohistochemistry for the presence of collagen types I and II. RESULTS The mean O-AS and ICRS-AS of the repaired harvest sites were 7.2 ± 3.2 and 10.1 ± 3.5, respectively, with 80.3% ± 26% repair fill depth on MRI. The histological quality of the repair tissue formed was variable, with some hyaline cartilage present in 50% of the biopsies; where this occurred, it was associated with a significantly higher ICRS-AS than those with no hyaline cartilage present (median 11 vs. 7.5, P = 0.049). Collagen types I and II were detected in 12/14 and 10/13 biopsies, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate good-quality structural repair tissue formed following cartilage harvest in ACI, suggesting this site can be useful to study endogenous cartilage repair in humans. The trochlea is less commonly affected by osteoarthritis; therefore, location may be critical for spontaneous repair. Understanding the mechanisms and factors influencing this could improve future treatments for cartilage defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helen S McCarthy
- Spinal Studies & Cartilage Research Group, Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Oswestry, UK
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Bernhard Tins
- Spinal Studies & Cartilage Research Group, Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Oswestry, UK
| | - Peter D Gallacher
- Spinal Studies & Cartilage Research Group, Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Oswestry, UK
| | - Paul Jermin
- Spinal Studies & Cartilage Research Group, Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Oswestry, UK
| | - James B Richardson
- Spinal Studies & Cartilage Research Group, Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Oswestry, UK
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Jan Herman Kuiper
- Spinal Studies & Cartilage Research Group, Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Oswestry, UK
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Sally Roberts
- Spinal Studies & Cartilage Research Group, Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital NHS Trust, Oswestry, UK
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine Research, School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Keele, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Moo EK, Al-Saffar Y, Le T, A Seerattan R, Pingguan-Murphy B, K Korhonen R, Herzog W. Deformation behaviors and mechanical impairments of tissue cracks in immature and mature cartilages. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:2103-2112. [PMID: 34914129 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Degeneration of articular cartilage is often triggered by a small tissue crack. As cartilage structure and composition change with age, the mechanics of cracked cartilage may depend on the tissue age, but this relationship is poorly understood. Here, we investigated cartilage mechanics and crack deformation in immature and mature cartilage exposed to a full-thickness tissue crack using indentation testing and histology, respectively. When a cut was introduced, tissue cracks opened wider in the mature cartilage compared to the immature cartilage. However, the opposite occurred upon mechanical indentation over the cracked region. Functionally, the immature-cracked cartilages stress-relaxed faster, experienced increased tissue strain, and had reduced instantaneous stiffness, compared to the mature-cracked cartilages. Taken together, mature cartilage appears to withstand surface cracks and maintains its mechanical properties better than immature cartilage and these superior properties can be explained by the structure of their collagen fibrous network.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eng Kuan Moo
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yasir Al-Saffar
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tina Le
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ruth A Seerattan
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Rami K Korhonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Walter Herzog
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Madry H. Surgical therapy in osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:1019-1034. [PMID: 35183776 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide an evidence-based overview of the different surgical procedures in osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN This narrative review reports on surgical therapies (1) for severe, end stage OA and (2) of surgical options aiming to possibly reduce OA development earlier in the course of the disease. RESULTS Surgical practice guidelines provide evidence-based recommendations to assist in the clinical decision-making. Total joint arthroplasty represents the only valuable, established surgical option for severe, end stage OA. For hip and knee OA, it is by far the most common surgical procedure and provides considerable pain relief, functional restoration, and improved quality of life. Surgical therapy aiming to postpone OA essentially addresses extra- or intraarticular pre-osteoarthritic deformities, defined as congenital or acquired disturbances of the joint structure that adversely affect its function. Approaches in this category include osteotomies and different cartilage repair procedures such as osteochondral autograft and allograft transfer, marrow stimulation techniques, and autologous chondrocyte implantation. However, they are not only less commonly performed than arthroplasty, but the scientific clinical evidence in favour of this type of surgery to reduce the long-term risk of developing OA is considerably reduced. CONCLUSION Total knee and hip arthroplasty are two of the most successful procedures in all of medicine. As the progression of this insidious disease is often asymptomatic and slow, it is imperative to judge reparative procedures at their potential to reduce OA development at long-term, besides their primary clinical outcomes. Evidence-based guidelines provide a valuable tool for high-quality surgical decision making in OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Madry
- Institute of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University, Homburg, Saar, Germany; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Saar, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abusara Z, Haider I, Moo EK, Miller S, Timmermann S, Herzog W. Chondrocyte morphology as an indicator of collagen network integrity. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 63:319-328. [PMID: 34006162 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2021.1922398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantation offers an attractive treatment option as it can be used to repair large cartilage defects that otherwise would not heal. The currently accepted criterion for OCA selection for joint reconstruction is the percentage of viable chondrocytes, but this criterion alone may not be sufficient to ensure structural integrity and functional performance of allografts following transplantation. We sought to determine an additional parameter that indicates matrix integrity. We used multi-photon microscopy to quantitatively assess chondrocyte viability, chondrocyte shape, and collagen structure of articular cartilage of OCAs. Chondrocyte shape varied considerably in otherwise macroscopically healthy-looking OCAs with good (>90%) cell viability. Shape varied from the expected ellipsoidal form found in healthy cartilage, to excessively elongated and flattened cells that often contained multiple cytoplasmic processes reminiscent of those observed in fibroblasts. Chondrocytes with abnormal morphology were associated with degradation of their pericellular matrix and disruption of the collagen fiber orientation, reflected by an increase in heterogeneity of second harmonic signal intensity. Cell shape may be an important marker for collagen network integrity in articular cartilage in general and OCAs specifically. We propose that, aside from cell viability, cell shape may be used as an additional criterion measure for the selection of OCAs. OCAs selected for transplantation based on these criteria showed good graft-host integration post-operation. In view of the rapid and nondestructive nature of the current approach, it may be suitable for clinical application in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziad Abusara
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary.,Advanced Imaging and Histopathology Core, Qatar Biomedical Research Institute, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ifaz Haider
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| | - Eng Kuan Moo
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary.,Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland
| | - Sue Miller
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary.,Section of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary.,Taylor Institute for Teaching and Learning, University of Calgary
| | - Scott Timmermann
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary.,Section of Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Calgary
| | - Walter Herzog
- Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary.,McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jin C, Lin Z, Wu O, Yang L. A commentary on "Extracorporeal shockwave therapy improves pain and function in subjects with knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials" [Int. J. Surg. 82 (2020) 64-75]. Int J Surg 2022; 104:106691. [PMID: 35717022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2022.106691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Jin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhen Lin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ouqiang Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Baumann JR, Stoker AM, Bozynski CC, Sherman SL, Cook JL. An Injectable Containing Morphine, Ropivacaine, Epinephrine, and Ketorolac Is Not Cytotoxic to Articular Cartilage Explants From Degenerative Knees. Arthroscopy 2022; 38:1980-1995. [PMID: 34952188 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2021.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a multidrug injectate containing morphine, ropivacaine, epinephrine, and ketorolac, commonly referred to as the "Orthococktail," on cartilage tissue viability and metabolic responses using an established in vitro model. METHODS With institutional review board approval and informed patient consent, tissues normally discarded after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were recovered. Full-thickness cartilage explants (n = 72, Outerbridge grade 1 to 3) were created and bisected. Paired explant halves were treated with either 1 mL Orthococktail or 1 mL of saline and cultured for 8 hours at 37°C, with 0.5 mL of the treatment being removed and replaced with tissue culture media every hour. Explants were cultured for 6 days, and media were changed and collected on days 3 and 6. After day 6, tissues were processed for cell viability, weighed, and processed for histologic grading. Outcome measures were compared for significant differences between treated and untreated samples. RESULTS There were no significant differences in cartilage viability between control and Orthococktail-treated samples across a spectrum of cartilage pathologies. Orthococktail treatment consistently resulted in a significant decrease in the release of PGE2, MCP-1, MMP-7, and MMP-8 on day 3 of culture and PGE2, MMP-3, MMP-7, and MMP-8 on day 6 of culture, compared with saline controls. CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicate that an Orthococktail injection composed of morphine, ropivacaine, epinephrine, and ketorolac is associated with a transient decrease in degradative and inflammatory mediators produced by more severely affected articular cartilage and may mitigate perioperative joint pain such that postoperative narcotic drug use could be reduced. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The Orthococktail solution used in this study may be a safe intraoperative, intra-articular injection option for patients undergoing joint arthroplasty and other joint preservation surgical procedures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John R Baumann
- Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Aaron M Stoker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A.; Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A..
| | - Chantelle C Bozynski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A.; Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A
| | - Seth L Sherman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford University, CalifCornia, U.S.A
| | - James L Cook
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A.; Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The Efficacy and Safety of Chinese Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 56 Randomized Controlled Trials. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6887988. [PMID: 35035664 PMCID: PMC8759838 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6887988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective This systematic review and meta-analysis were performed to investigate the efficacy and safety of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods An electronic search was conducted in eight databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, Chinese VIP Database, and Wanfang Database) from inception until December 2019. The risk of bias assessment of the included RCTs was evaluated by Cochrane collaboration's tool. The inclusion criteria were RCTs that investigated the efficacy and safety of CHM in the treatment of KOA, with no restrictions on publication status or language. The exclusion criteria included nonrandomized or quasi-RCTs, no clear KOA diagnostic approach, combined Chinese medicinal herbs with other traditional Chinese medicine treatment modalities, and published using repeated data and missing data. We computed the relative risk (RR) and the standard mean difference (SMD) for dichotomous outcomes and continuous outcomes, respectively. When heterogeneity was detected or there was significant statistical heterogeneity (P < 0.05 or I2 > 50%), a random-effects model was employed, followed by further subgroup analysis and metaregression estimations to ascertain the origins of heterogeneity. Otherwise, we used a fixed-effects model (P ≥ 0.05 or I2 ≤ 50%). The primary outcome measures were visual analog score (VAS), Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Lysholm score, and Lequesne index. Secondary outcome measures were the total clinical effective rate and adverse events. The meta-analysis was performed using the Stata 14.0 software. Results A total of 56 RCTs comprising 5350 patients met the inclusion criteria. This meta-analysis showed that application of CHM as adjuvant therapy or monotherapy for KOA can significantly decrease VAS, WOMAC, and the Lequesne index and improve the Lysholm score as well as the total effective rate. In addition, this treatment has fewer adverse effects, suggesting that CHM is generally safe and well tolerated among patients with KOA. Conclusion Our study offers supportive evidence that CHM, either adjuvant therapy or monotherapy, reduces the VAS, WOMAC, and Lequesne index and improves the Lysholm score and overall effective rate in patients with KOA. Additionally, CHM was well tolerated and safe in KOA patients. We found frequently used CHMs that might contribute to the formulation of a herbal formula that could be considered for further clinical use. However, given the heterogeneity and limited sample size in this study, larger multicenter and high-quality RCTs are needed to validate the benefits of CHM in the treatment of KOA.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zoetebier B, Schmitz T, Ito K, Karperien M, Tryfonidou MA, Paez J. Injectable hydrogels for articular cartilage and nucleus pulposus repair: Status quo and prospects. Tissue Eng Part A 2022; 28:478-499. [PMID: 35232245 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2021.0226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) and chronic low back pain due to degenerative (intervertebral) disc disease (DDD) are two of the major causes of disabilities worldwide, affecting hundreds of millions of people and leading to a high socioeconomic burden. Although OA occurs in synovial joints and DDD occurs in cartilaginous joints, the similarities are striking, with both joints showing commonalities in the nature of the tissues and in the degenerative processes during disease. Consequently, repair strategies for articular cartilage (AC) and nucleus pulposus (NP), the core of the intervertebral disc, in the context of OA and DDD share common aspects. One of such tissue engineering approaches is the use of injectable hydrogels for AC and NP repair. In this review, the state-of-the-art and recent developments in injectable hydrogels for repairing, restoring, and regenerating AC tissue suffering from OA and NP tissue in DDD are summarized focusing on cell-free approaches. The various biomaterial strategies exploited for repair of both tissues are compared, and the synergies that could be gained by translating experiences from one tissue to the other are identified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bram Zoetebier
- University of Twente Faculty of Science and Technology, 207105, Developmental BioEngineering , Drienerlolaan 5, Enschede, Netherlands, 7500 AE;
| | - Tara Schmitz
- Eindhoven University of Technology, 3169, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven, Noord-Brabant, Netherlands;
| | - Keita Ito
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Department of Biomedical Engineering, P.O. Box 513, GEMZ 4.115, Eindhoven, Netherlands, 5600 MB;
| | | | - Marianna A Tryfonidou
- Utrecht University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Yalelaan 108, Utrecht, Netherlands, 3584 CM;
| | - Julieta Paez
- University of Twente Faculty of Science and Technology, 207105, Developmental Bioengineering, University of Twente P.O. Box 217, Enschede The Netherlands, Enschede, Netherlands, 7500 AE;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Acevedo L, Iselin L, Berkelaar MHM, Salzmann GM, Wolf F, Feliciano S, Vogel N, Pagenstert G, Martin I, Pelttari K, Barbero A, Arnold MP. Comparison of Human Articular Cartilage Tissue and Chondrocytes Isolated from Peripheral versus Central Regions of Traumatic Lesions. Cartilage 2021; 13:68S-81S. [PMID: 32959685 PMCID: PMC8804865 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520958154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cellular and molecular events occurring in cartilage regions close to injury are poorly investigated, but can possibly compromise the outcome of cell-based cartilage repair. In this study, key functional properties were assessed for cartilage biopsies collected from the central part of traumatic joint lesions (central) and from regions surrounding the defect (peripheral). These properties were then correlated with the quality of the initial cartilage biopsy and the inflammatory state of the joint. DESIGN Cartilage samples were collected from knee joints of 42 patients with traumatic knee injuries and analyzed for cell phenotype (by reverse transcriptas-polymerase chain reaction), histological quality, cellularity, cell viability, proliferation capacity, and post-expansion chondrogenic capacity of chondrocytes (in pellet culture). Synovium was also harvested and analyzed for the expression of inflammatory cytokines. RESULTS Cartilage quality and post-expansion chondrogenic capacity were higher in peripheral versus central samples. Differences between these 2 parameters were more pronounced in joints with high inflammatory features characterized by >100-fold difference in the mRNA levels of IL6 and IL8 in the corresponding synovium. Peripheral chondrocytes isolated from good- versus bad-quality biopsies expressed higher levels of collagen II/I and aggrecan/versican and lower levels of MMP13 and ADAMTS5. They also exhibited reduced proliferation and enhanced cartilage-forming capacity. CONCLUSIONS Chondrocytes at the periphery of traumatic lesions better maintain properties of healthy cartilage compared to those isolated from the center, even when derived from bad-quality tissues harvested from highly inflamed joints. Future studies are necessary to investigate the change of functional properties of peripheral chondrocytes over time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lina Acevedo
- Department of Biomedicine, University
Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Iselin
- Department of Biomedicine, University
Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Department of Orthopedics and
Traumatology, Lucerne Cantonal Hospital, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Majoska H. M. Berkelaar
- Department of Biomedicine, University
Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Francine Wolf
- Department of Biomedicine, University
Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Feliciano
- Department of Biomedicine, University
Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Vogel
- Practice LEONARDO, Hirslanden Clinic
Birshof, Münchenstein, Switzerland
| | - Geert Pagenstert
- Department of Surgery, University
Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Martin
- Department of Biomedicine, University
Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karoliina Pelttari
- Department of Biomedicine, University
Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Barbero
- Department of Biomedicine, University
Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Andrea Barbero, Department of Biomedicine,
University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel 4031, Switzerland.
| | - Markus P. Arnold
- Practice LEONARDO, Hirslanden Clinic
Birshof, Münchenstein, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lange C, Madry H, Venkatesan JK, Schmitt G, Speicher-Mentges S, Zurakowski D, Menger MD, Laschke MW, Cucchiarini M. rAAV-Mediated sox9 Overexpression Improves the Repair of Osteochondral Defects in a Clinically Relevant Large Animal Model Over Time In Vivo and Reduces Perifocal Osteoarthritic Changes. Am J Sports Med 2021; 49:3696-3707. [PMID: 34643471 DOI: 10.1177/03635465211049414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene transfer of the transcription factor SOX9 with clinically adapted recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) vectors offers a powerful tool to durably enhance the repair process at sites of osteochondral injuries and counteract the development of perifocal osteoarthritis (OA) in the adjacent articular cartilage. PURPOSE To examine the ability of an rAAV sox9 construct to improve the repair of focal osteochondral defects and oppose perifocal OA development over time in a large translational model relative to control gene transfer. STUDY DESIGN Controlled laboratory study. METHODS Standardized osteochondral defects created in the knee joints of adult sheep were treated with rAAV-FLAG-hsox9 relative to control (reporter) rAAV-lacZ gene transfer. Osteochondral repair and degenerative changes in the adjacent cartilage were monitored using macroscopic, histological, immunohistological, and biochemical evaluations after 6 months. The microarchitecture of the subchondral bone was assessed by micro-computed tomography. RESULTS Effective, prolonged sox9 overexpression via rAAV was significantly achieved in the defects after 6 months versus rAAV-lacZ treatment. The application of rAAV-FLAG-hsox9 improved the individual parameters of defect filling, matrix staining, cellular morphology, defect architecture, surface architecture, subchondral bone, and tidemark as well as the overall score of cartilage repair in the defects compared with rAAV-lacZ. The overexpression of sox9 led to higher levels of proteoglycan production, stronger type II collagen deposition, and reduced type I collagen immunoreactivity in the sox9- versus lacZ-treated defects, together with decreased cell densities and DNA content. rAAV-FLAG-hsox9 enhanced semiquantitative histological subchondral bone repair, while the microstructure of the incompletely restored subchondral bone in the sox9 defects was not different from that in the lacZ defects. The articular cartilage adjacent to the sox9-treated defects showed reduced histological signs of perifocal OA changes versus rAAV-lacZ. CONCLUSION rAAV-mediated sox9 gene transfer enhanced osteochondral repair in sheep after 6 months and reduced perifocal OA changes. These results underline the potential of rAAV-FLAG-hsox9 as a therapeutic tool to treat cartilage defects and afford protection against OA. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The delivery of therapeutic rAAV sox9 to sites of focal injuries may offer a novel, convenient tool to enhance the repair of osteochondral defects involving both the articular cartilage and the underlying subchondral bone and provide a protective role by reducing the extent of perifocal OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cliff Lange
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Henning Madry
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Jagadeesh K Venkatesan
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | - Gertrud Schmitt
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| | | | - David Zurakowski
- Departments of Anesthesia and Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael D Menger
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Matthias W Laschke
- Institute for Clinical and Experimental Surgery, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Magali Cucchiarini
- Center of Experimental Orthopaedics, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Werner NC, Stoker AM, Bozynski CC, Keeney JA, Cook JL. Characterizing correlations among disease severity measures in osteochondral tissues from osteoarthritic knees. J Orthop Res 2021; 39:1103-1112. [PMID: 32678931 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex disease with biologic, biomechanical, and clinical heterogeneity among patients. Relationships among OA tissue metabolism, histopathology, and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition have not been well characterized. It was hypothesized that moderate (r = .4-.69) to strong (r > .7) correlations exist among these different measures of disease severity in osteochondral tissues from OA knees. Joint surfaces were obtained from patients (n = 6) undergoing total knee arthroplasty. Osteochondral explants (n = 136) were created and cultured for 3 days. Culture media were collected for biomarker analyses, and tissue was assessed for viability, histological scoring, and ECM composition. Correlations among media biomarker concentrations, histological scoring, ECM composition, and viability were determined using a Spearman correlation. GRO-α, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 showed strong positive correlations to each other, and moderate positive correlations to NO, PGE2, and MMP-2. Total MMP activity, MMP-9, and MMP-13 had strong positive correlations to each other, and moderate positive correlations to MMP-1. MMP-2 had a moderate to strong positive correlations to histological scores (total and cartilage structure) and collagen content. MMP-2, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 had moderate negative correlations, and MMP-9 had a moderate positive correlation, to viability. GRO-α, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 had moderate positive correlations to collagen content. MMP-9, MMP-13, and total MMP activity had moderate negative correlations to tissue GAG. The data suggest links among proinflammatory and degradative pathways are present in OA osteochondral tissues. Further characterization of these links have the potential to delineate mechanisms of disease and diagnostic and therapeutic targets for knee OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicole C Werner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Aaron M Stoker
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Chantelle C Bozynski
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - James A Keeney
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - James L Cook
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri.,Thompson Laboratory for Regenerative Orthopaedics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Moo EK, Tanska P, Federico S, Al-Saffar Y, Herzog W, Korhonen RK. Collagen fibres determine the crack morphology in articular cartilage. Acta Biomater 2021; 126:301-314. [PMID: 33757903 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cracks in articular cartilage compromise tissue integrity and mechanical properties and lead to chondral lesions if untreated. An understanding of the mechanics of cracked cartilage may help in the prevention of cartilage deterioration and the development of tissue-engineered substitutes. The degeneration of cartilage in the presence of cracks may depend on the ultrastructure and composition of the tissue, which changes with aging, disease and habitual loading. It is unknown if the structural and compositional differences between immature and mature cartilage affect the mechanics of cartilage cracks, possibly predisposing one to a greater risk of degeneration than the other. We used a fibre-reinforced poro-viscoelastic swelling material model that accounts for large deformations and tension-compression non-linearity, and the finite element method to investigate the role of cartilage structure and composition on crack morphology and tissue mechanics. We demonstrate that the crack morphology predicted by our theoretical model agrees well with the histo-morphometric images of young and mature cracked cartilages under indentation loading. We also determined that the crack morphology was primarily dependent on collagen fibre orientation which differs as a function of cartilage depth and tissue maturity. The arcade-like collagen fibre orientation, first discussed by Benninghoff in his classical 1925 paper, appears to be beneficial for slowing the progression of tissue cracks by 'sealing' the crack and partially preserving fluid pressure during loading. Preservation of the natural load distribution between solid and fluid constituents of cartilage may be a key factor in slowing or preventing the propagation of tissue cracks and associated tissue matrix damage. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Cracks in articular cartilage can be detrimental to joint health if not treated, but it is not clear how they propagate and lead to tissue degradation. We used an advanced numerical model to determine the role of cartilage structure and composition on crack morphology under loading. Based on the structure and composition found in immature and mature cartilages, our model successfully predicts the crack morphology in these cartilages and determines that collagen fibre as the major determinant of crack morphology. The arcade-like Benninghoff collagen fibre orientation appears to be crucial in 'sealing' the tissue crack and preserves normal fluid-solid load distribution in cartilage. Inclusion of the arcade-like fibre orientation in tissue-engineered construct may help improve its integration within the host tissue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eng Kuan Moo
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland; Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, 2500, University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4, Canada.
| | - Petri Tanska
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland.
| | - Salvatore Federico
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500, University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4 Canada; Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, 2500, University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4, Canada.
| | - Yasir Al-Saffar
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, 2500, University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4, Canada
| | - Walter Herzog
- Human Performance Laboratory, University of Calgary, 2500, University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4, Canada; Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, 2500, University Drive NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N1N4 Canada; Biomechanics Laboratory, School of Sports, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Rami K Korhonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, POB 1627, Kuopio 70211, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Jacob B, Jüllig M, Middleditch M, Payne L, Broom N, Sarojini V, Thambyah A. Protein Levels and Microstructural Changes in Localized Regions of Early Cartilage Degeneration Compared with Adjacent Intact Cartilage. Cartilage 2021; 12:192-210. [PMID: 30486653 PMCID: PMC7970373 DOI: 10.1177/1947603518809401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It was hypothesized that the respective protein profiles of bovine cartilage from sites of localized mild to moderate (GI to GII) degeneration versus adjacent sites of intact tissue would vary in accordance with the tissue microstructural changes associated with a pre-osteoarthritic state. METHODS A total of 15 bovine patellae were obtained for this study. Paired samples of tissue were collected from the lateral region of each patella. If the patella contained a site of degeneration, a paired tissue set involved taking one sample each from the degenerated site and the intact tissue adjacent to it. Sufficient tissue was collected to facilitate 2 arms of investigation: microstructural imaging and proteome analysis. The microstructural analysis used a bespoke tissue preparation technique imaged with differential interference contrast optical microscopy to assess fibrillar scale destructuring and underlying bone spicule formation. An iTRAQ-based proteome analysis was performed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry to identify the differential levels of proteins across the intact and degenerated cartilage and further, the results were validated with multiple reaction monitoring assay. RESULTS In the healthy cartilage pairs, there was no significant variation in protein profiles between 2 adjacent sample sites. In pairs of tissue that contained a sample of GI/GII tissue, there were both significant microstructural changes as well as the difference in abundance levels of 24 proteins. CONCLUSIONS From the known functions of the 24 proteins, found to be strongly aligned with the specific microstructural changes observed, a unique "proteins ensemble" involved in the initiation and progression of early cartilage degeneration is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bincy Jacob
- School of Biological Sciences, The
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mia Jüllig
- School of Biological Sciences, The
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Martin Middleditch
- School of Biological Sciences, The
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Leo Payne
- School of Biological Sciences, The
University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Neil Broom
- Department of Chemical and Materials
Engineering, Experimental Tissue Mechanics Laboratory, University of Auckland,
Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | - Ashvin Thambyah
- Department of Chemical and Materials
Engineering, Experimental Tissue Mechanics Laboratory, University of Auckland,
Auckland, New Zealand,Ashvin Thambyah, Department of Chemical and
Materials Engineering, Experimental Tissue Mechanics Laboratory, University of
Auckland, 20 Symonds Street, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Badar F, Lee J, Qu X, Xia Y. Topographical and zonal patterns of T2 relaxation in osteoarthritic tibial cartilage by low- and high-resolution MRI. Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 78:98-108. [PMID: 33493580 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2021.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to establish the topographical and zonal T2 patterns of multi-resolution MRI in medial tibial cartilage in a canine model of osteoarthritis (OA), initiated by the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) transection surgery, and studied after 8-weeks and 12-weeks post-surgery. METHODS Articular cartilage from healthy, two stages of contralateral, and of OA knees were quantitatively imaged by the MRI T2 protocols at two imaging resolutions (100 and 17.6 μm/pixel). The zonal T2 changes at five topographical locations (anterior (AMT), exterior (EMT), posterior (PMT), central (CMT) and interior (IMT) medial tibia) and subsequent two averaged regions (covered by meniscus and exposed) were analyzed. At each location, full-thickness cartilage was studied in four sub-tissue zones (superficial, transitional, upper and lower radial zones). RESULTS Tissue degradation can be detected by measurable changes of T2, which is resolution- and orientation-dependent. T2 changes ranging from +28.82% increase (SZ, PMT) to -23.15% decrease (RZ1, AMT) in healthy to disease (8C), with the largest increase of T2 in the surface tissue. Various location-dependent patterns of degradation are found over the tibial surface, most commonly shown in early-stage OA (8C) on the anterior site, different from the posterior. Finally, the contralateral cartilage has specific degradation patterns, different from those in OA cartilage. CONCLUSIONS This is the first quantitative and highest multi-resolution characterization of cartilage at five topographical locations over the medial tibial plateau with fine zonal resolution in an animal model of OA, which would benefit future investigation of human OA in clinics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farid Badar
- Department of Physics and Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Jihyun Lee
- Department of Physics and Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Xianggui Qu
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Physics and Center for Biomedical Research, Oakland University, Rochester, MI 48309, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lahm A, Dabravolski D, Rödig J, Esser J, Erggelet C, Kasch R. Varying development of femoral and tibial subchondral bone tissue and their interaction with articular cartilage during progressing osteoarthritis. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2020; 140:1919-1930. [PMID: 32474697 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-020-03480-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Differences between tibial and femoral joint surfaces and knee compartments concerning coupled bone and cartilage turnover or bone-cartilage cross talk have not been previously examined, although the mechanical and biological interaction of the mineralized subchondral tissues with articular cartilage is of great importance for advancing osteoarthritis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Therefore, with the help of immunohistochemistry and real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), human knee joint cartilage tissue was investigated for expression of key molecules of the extracellular matrix and cartilage composition (collagen type I and II, aggrecan) plus proteoglycan content (colorimetric analysis). Furthermore, we correlated the results with 3D microcomputed tomography of the underlying subchondral bone (high-resolution micro-CT system). Measurements were performed in dependence of the anatomical site (femoral vs. tibial, medial and lateral each) to identify regional differences during the osteoarthritic process. From an enduring series of 108 patients undergoing implantation of TKA, 34 osteochondral samples with lesions macroscopically classified as ICRS grade 1b (group A) and 34 samples with ICRS grade 3a/3b lesions (group B) were compared with 21 healthy controls. RESULTS Concerning 3D analysis, the medial femoral condyle and tibia showed the most significant increase in bone volume fraction and a decrease in the trabecular number in group B frequently accompanied by subchondral bone resorption pits and enchondral ossification. Under physiological conditions, tibia plateaus show lower bone volume fraction than the corresponding femoral site and this difference enlarges with advancing OA. Partially even contradictory behavior was observed such as trabecular separation at the lateral tibial and medial plateau in osteochondral OA samples of the same patients. Collagen type II expression levels show faster and varying changes than type I during the OA process, leading to a lower positive or negative correlation with bone microstructural analysis, especially on the tibia plateau. CONCLUSIONS Structural bone and cartilage parameter changes showed varying developments and correlations among each other in the different compartments of the knee. As a clinical conclusion, therapies to postpone or prevent cartilage degeneration by influencing the loss of mineralized bone could be site dependent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Lahm
- Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, F.-Sauerbruch Str., 17475, Greifswald, Germany. .,Kliniken Maria Hilf Mönchengladbach, Academic Teaching Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Viersener Str. 450, 41061, Mönchengladbach, Germany.
| | - D Dabravolski
- Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, F.-Sauerbruch Str., 17475, Greifswald, Germany.,Centre for Orthopaedics and Spinal Surgery, Klinikum Fichtelgebirge, Weißenbacher Str. 62, 95100, Selb, Germany
| | - J Rödig
- Kliniken Maria Hilf Mönchengladbach, Academic Teaching Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, Viersener Str. 450, 41061, Mönchengladbach, Germany
| | - J Esser
- Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, F.-Sauerbruch Str., 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| | - C Erggelet
- Alphaclinic Zürich, Kraftstrasse 29, 8044, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Kasch
- Department of Orthopaedics and Orthopaedic Surgery, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald, F.-Sauerbruch Str., 17475, Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Thorp H, Kim K, Kondo M, Grainger DW, Okano T. Fabrication of hyaline-like cartilage constructs using mesenchymal stem cell sheets. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20869. [PMID: 33257787 PMCID: PMC7705723 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77842-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell and tissue engineering approaches for articular cartilage regeneration increasingly focus on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as allogeneic cell sources, based on availability and innate chondrogenic potential. Many MSCs exhibit chondrogenic potential as three-dimensional (3D) cultures (i.e. pellets and seeded biomaterial scaffolds) in vitro; however, these constructs present engraftment, biocompatibility, and cell functionality limitations in vivo. Cell sheet technology maintains cell functionality as scaffold-free constructs while enabling direct cell transplantation from in vitro culture to targeted sites in vivo. The present study aims to develop transplantable hyaline-like cartilage constructs by stimulating MSC chondrogenic differentiation as cell sheets. To achieve this goal, 3D MSC sheets are prepared, exploiting spontaneous post-detachment cell sheet contraction, and chondrogenically induced. Results support 3D MSC sheets' chondrogenic differentiation to hyaline cartilage in vitro via post-contraction cytoskeletal reorganization and structural transformations. These 3D cell sheets' initial thickness and cellular densities may also modulate MSC-derived chondrocyte hypertrophy in vitro. Furthermore, chondrogenically differentiated cell sheets adhere directly to cartilage surfaces via retention of adhesion molecules while maintaining the cell sheets' characteristics. Together, these data support the utility of cell sheet technology for fabricating scaffold-free, hyaline-like cartilage constructs from MSCs for future transplantable articular cartilage regeneration therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hallie Thorp
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Kyungsook Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
| | - Makoto Kondo
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - David W Grainger
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Teruo Okano
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cell Sheet Tissue Engineering Center (CSTEC), University of Utah, 30 South 2000 East, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA.
- Institute of Advanced Biomedical Engineering and Science, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhao Y, You Z, Xing D, Li JJ, Zhang Q, Huang H, Li Z, Jiang S, Wu Z, Zhang Y, Li W, Zhang L, Du Y, Lin J. Comparison of Chondrocytes in Knee Osteoarthritis and Regulation by Scaffold Pore Size and Stiffness. Tissue Eng Part A 2020; 27:223-236. [PMID: 32539550 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2020.0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In knee osteoarthritis (OA), there is more pronounced cartilage damage in the medial compartment ("lesion zone") than the lateral compartment ("remote zone"). This study fills a gap in the literature by conducting a systematic comparison of cartilage and chondrocyte characteristics from these two zones. It also investigates whether chondrocytes from the different zones respond distinctly to changes in the physical and mechanical microenvironment using three-dimensional porous scaffolds by changing stiffness and pore size. Cartilage was harvested from patients with end-stage varus knee OA. Cartilage from the lesion and remote zones were compared through histological and biomechanical assessments, and through proteomic and gene transcription analyses of chondrocytes. Gelatin scaffolds with varied pore sizes and stiffness were used to investigate in vitro microenvironmental regulation of chondrocytes from the two zones. Cartilage from the lesion and remote zones differed significantly (p < 0.05) in histological and biomechanical characteristics, as well as phenotype, protein, and gene expression of chondrocytes. Chondrocytes from both zones were sensitive to changes in the structural and mechanical properties of gelatin scaffolds. Of interest, although all chondrocytes better retained chondrocyte phenotype in stiffer scaffolds, those from the lesion and remote zones, respectively, preferred scaffolds with larger and smaller pores. Distinct variations exist in cartilage and chondrocyte characteristics in the lesion and remote zones of knee OA. Cells in these two zones respond differently to variations in the physical and mechanical microenvironment. Understanding and manipulating these differences will facilitate the development of more efficient and precise diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for knee OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhao
- Arthritis Clinic and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Arthritis Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhifeng You
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Xing
- Arthritis Clinic and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Arthritis Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Jiao Li
- Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, Australia
| | - Qingxi Zhang
- Arthritis Clinic and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Arthritis Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hesuyuan Huang
- Arthritis Clinic and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Arthritis Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhikun Li
- Arthritis Clinic and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Arthritis Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shumeng Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
| | - Zhaozhao Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuying Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjing Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systems Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhao Lin
- Arthritis Clinic and Research Center, Peking University People's Hospital, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Arthritis Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hafner T, Post M, Said O, Schad P, Schock J, Abrar DB, Knobe M, Kuhl C, Truhn D, Nebelung S. Identifying the imaging correlates of cartilage functionality based on quantitative MRI mapping - The collagenase exposure model. Acta Biomater 2020; 117:310-321. [PMID: 32980541 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cartilage functionality is determined by tissue structure and composition. If altered, cartilage is predisposed to premature degeneration. This pathomimetical study of early osteoarthritis evaluated the dose-dependant effects of collagenase-induced collagen disintegration and proteoglycan depletion on cartilage functionality as assessed by serial T1, T1ρ, T2, and T2* mapping under loading. 30 human femoral osteochondral samples underwent imaging on a clinical 3.0 T MRI scanner (Achieva, Philips) in the unloaded reference configuration (δ0) and under pressure-controlled quasi-static indentation loading to 15.1 N (δ1) and to 28.6 N (δ2). Imaging was performed before and after exposure to low (LC, 0.5 mg/mL; n = 10) or high concentration (HC, 1.5 mg/mL; n = 10) of collagenase. Untreated samples served as controls (n = 10). Loading responses were determined for the entire sample and the directly loaded (i.e. sub-pistonal) and bilaterally adjacent (i.e. peri‑pistonal) regions, referenced histologically, quantified as relative changes, and analysed using adequate parametric and non-parametric statistical tests. Dose-dependant surface disintegration and tissue loss were reflected by distinctly different pre- and post-exposure response-to-loading patterns. While T1 generally decreased with loading, regardless of collagenase exposure, T1ρ increased significantly after HC exposure (p = 0.008). Loading-induced decreases in T2 were significant after LC exposure (p = 0.006), while changes in T2* were ambiguous. In conclusion, aberrant loading-induced changes in T2 and T1ρ reflect moderate and severe matrix changes, respectively, and indicate the close interrelatedness of matrix changes and functionality in cartilage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Hafner
- Aachen University Hospital, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology,D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Manuel Post
- Aachen University Hospital, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology,D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Oliver Said
- Aachen University Hospital, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology,D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Philipp Schad
- Aachen University Hospital, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology,D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Justus Schock
- University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany; Institute of Computer Vision and Imaging, RWTH University Aachen, D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Benjamin Abrar
- University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Matthias Knobe
- Clinic for Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Luzern, CH-6004 Luzern, Switzerland
| | - Christiane Kuhl
- Aachen University Hospital, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology,D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Truhn
- Aachen University Hospital, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology,D-52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sven Nebelung
- University Dusseldorf, Medical Faculty, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Schad P, Wollenweber M, Thüring J, Schock J, Eschweiler J, Palm G, Radermacher K, Eckstein F, Prescher A, Kuhl C, Truhn D, Nebelung S. Magnetic resonance imaging of human knee joint functionality under variable compressive in-situ loading and axis alignment. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103890. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
23
|
Small-Diameter Subchondral Drilling Improves DNA and Proteoglycan Content of the Cartilaginous Repair Tissue in a Large Animal Model of a Full-Thickness Chondral Defect. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061903. [PMID: 32570841 PMCID: PMC7356183 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
This study quantified changes in the DNA content and extracellular matrix composition of both the cartilaginous repair tissue and the adjacent cartilage in a large animal model of a chondral defect treated by subchondral drilling. Content of DNA, proteoglycans, and Type II and Type I collagen, as well as their different ratios were assessed at 6 months in vivo after treatment of full-thickness cartilage defects in the femoral trochlea of adult sheep with six subchondral drill holes, each of either 1.0 mm or 1.8 mm in diameter by biochemical analyses of the repair tissue and the adjacent cartilage and compared with the original cartilage. Only subchondral drilling which were 1.0 mm in diameter significantly increased both DNA and proteoglycan content of the repair tissue compared to the original cartilage. DNA content correlated with the proteoglycan and Type II collagen content within the repair tissue. Significantly higher amounts of Type I collagen within the repair tissue and significantly increased DNA, proteoglycan, and Type I collagen content in the adjacent cartilage were identified. These translational data support the use of small-diameter bone-cutting devices for marrow stimulation. Signs of early degeneration were present within the cartilaginous repair tissue and the adjacent cartilage.
Collapse
|
24
|
Nakamura H, Vo P, Kanakis I, Liu K, Bou-Gharios G. Aggrecanase-selective tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3) protects articular cartilage in a surgical mouse model of osteoarthritis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9288. [PMID: 32518385 PMCID: PMC7283274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66233-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A key feature of osteoarthritis is the gradual loss of articular cartilage and bone deformation, resulting in the impairment of joint function. The primary cause of cartilage destruction is considered to be the presence of elevated proteases, such as matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTSs). However, clinically tested global MMP inhibitors have low efficacy that may be due to their lack of selectivity. We previously demonstrated in vitro that a variant of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 ([-1A]TIMP3) inhibits ADAMTSs but not MMPs. In this study, we tested whether the selectivity of [-1A]TIMP3 is beneficial compared with that of the wild-type TIMP3 in preventing or delaying the onset of the degenerative effects in a mouse model of osteoarthritis. We generated transgenic mice that overexpressed TIMP3 or [-1A]TIMP3 driven by a chondrocyte-specific type II collagen promoter. TIMP3 transgenic mice showed compromised bone integrity as opposed to [-1A]TIMP3 mice. After surgically induced joint instability, TIMP3 overexpression proved to be less protective in cartilage destruction than [-1A]TIMP3 at late stages of OA. The selective inhibition of ADAMTSs provides the possibility of modifying TIMP3 to specifically target a class of cartilage-degrading proteinases and to minimize adverse effects on bone and possibly other tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Science Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan. .,Matrix Biology Department, the Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, Imperial College London, Hammersmith, London, UK.
| | - Phoung Vo
- Matrix Biology Department, the Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology Division, Imperial College London, Hammersmith, London, UK
| | - Ioannis Kanakis
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ke Liu
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, Liverpool, UK
| | - George Bou-Gharios
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, William Henry Duncan Building, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ruscitto A, Morel MM, Shawber CJ, Reeve G, Lecholop MK, Bonthius D, Yao H, Embree MC. Evidence of vasculature and chondrocyte to osteoblast transdifferentiation in craniofacial synovial joints: Implications for osteoarthritis diagnosis and therapy. FASEB J 2020; 34:4445-4461. [PMID: 32030828 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201902287r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJ OA) leads to permanent cartilage destruction, jaw dysfunction, and compromises the quality of life. However, the pathological mechanisms governing TMJ OA are poorly understood. Unlike appendicular articular cartilage, the TMJ has two distinct functions as the synovial joint of the craniofacial complex and also as the site for endochondral jaw bone growth. The established dogma of endochondral bone ossification is that hypertrophic chondrocytes undergo apoptosis, while invading vasculature with osteoprogenitors replace cartilage with bone. However, contemporary murine genetic studies support the direct differentiation of chondrocytes into osteoblasts and osteocytes in the TMJ. Here we sought to characterize putative vasculature and cartilage to bone transdifferentiation using healthy and diseased TMJ tissues from miniature pigs and humans. During endochondral ossification, the presence of fully formed vasculature expressing CD31+ endothelial cells and α-SMA+ vascular smooth muscle cells were detected within all cellular zones in growing miniature pigs. Arterial, endothelial, venous, angiogenic, and mural cell markers were significantly upregulated in miniature pig TMJ tissues relative to donor matched knee meniscus fibrocartilage tissue. Upon surgically creating TMJ OA in miniature pigs, we discovered increased vasculature and putative chondrocyte to osteoblast transformation dually marked by COL2 and BSP or RUNX2 within the vascular bundles. Pathological human TMJ tissues also exhibited increased vasculature, while isolated diseased human TMJ cells exhibited marked increased in vasculature markers relative to control 293T cells. Our study provides evidence to suggest that the TMJ in higher order species are in fact vascularized. There have been no reports of cartilage to bone transdifferentiation or vasculature in human-relevant TMJ OA large animal models or in human TMJ tissues and cells. Therefore, these findings may potentially alter the clinical management of TMJ OA by defining new drugs that target angiogenesis or block the cartilage to bone transformation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ruscitto
- Cartilage Biology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mallory M Morel
- Cartilage Biology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carrie J Shawber
- Department of OB/GYN, Division of Reproductive Sciences, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gwendolyn Reeve
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York Presbyterian Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael K Lecholop
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dental Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Daniel Bonthius
- Clemson-MUSC Bioengineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Greenville, SC, USA
| | - Hai Yao
- Clemson-MUSC Bioengineering Program, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Greenville, SC, USA.,Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Mildred C Embree
- Cartilage Biology and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, College of Dental Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Khosravi F, Amiri Z, Masouleh NA, Kashfi P, Panjizadeh F, Hajilo Z, Shanayii S, Khodakarim S, Rahnama L. Shoulder pain prevalence and risk factors in middle-aged women: A cross-sectional study. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2019; 23:752-757. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
27
|
Xie L, Xie H, Chen C, Tao Z, Zhang C, Cai L. Inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signal pathway with nobiletin for attenuating the development of osteoarthritis: in vitro and in vivo studies. Food Funct 2019; 10:2161-2175. [PMID: 30938722 DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01786g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA), an age-related degenerative disease, is characterized by progressive degradation of the articular cartilage. There is increasing evidence that nobiletin (NOB) exerts special biological functions in a variety of diseases. However, whether it protects against OA remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory and chondroprotective effects of NOB on IL-1β-induced human OA chondrocytes and in the surgical DMM mice OA models. In vitro, NOB treatment completely suppressed the overproduction of pro-inflammatory mediators, including PGE2, NO, COX-2, iNOS, TNF-α and IL-6 in IL-1β-induced human OA chondrocytes. Moreover, NOB exerted a potent inhibitory effect on the expression of MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5 as well as the degradation of aggrecan and collagen-II, which leads to the degradation of the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, NOB dramatically suppressed the IL-1β-stimulated phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt and activation of NF-κB in human OA chondrocytes. In addition, treatment with NOB not only prevented the destruction of cartilage and the thickening of subchondral bone but also relieved synovitis in mice OA models. In conclusion, our study suggests that NOB holds novel therapeutic potential for the treatment of OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Linzhen Xie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Extracellular matrix composition of connective tissues: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10542. [PMID: 31332239 PMCID: PMC6646303 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46896-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The function of connective tissues depends on the physical and biochemical properties of their extracellular matrix (ECM), which are in turn dictated by ECM protein composition. With the primary objective of obtaining quantitative estimates for absolute and relative amounts of ECM proteins, we performed a systematic review of papers reporting protein composition of human connective tissues. Articles were included in meta-analysis if they contained absolute or relative quantification of proteins found in the ECM of human bone, adipose tissue, tendon, ligament, cartilage and skeletal muscle. We generated absolute quantitative estimates for collagen in articular cartilage, intervertebral disk (IVD), skeletal muscle, tendon, and adipose tissue. In addition, sulfated glycosaminoglycans were quantified in articular cartilage, tendon and skeletal muscle; total proteoglycans in IVD and articular cartilage, fibronectin in tendon, ligament and articular cartilage, and elastin in tendon and IVD cartilage. We identified significant increases in collagen content in the annulus fibrosus of degenerating IVD and osteoarthritic articular cartilage, and in elastin content in degenerating disc. In contrast, collagen content was decreased in the scoliotic IVD. Finally, we built quantitative whole-tissue component breakdowns. Quantitative estimates improve our understanding of composition of human connective tissues, providing insights into their function in physiology and pathology.
Collapse
|
29
|
Rai MF, Tycksen ED, Cai L, Yu J, Wright RW, Brophy RH. Distinct degenerative phenotype of articular cartilage from knees with meniscus tear compared to knees with osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:945-955. [PMID: 30797944 PMCID: PMC6536326 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.02.792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the transcriptome of articular cartilage from knees with meniscus tears to knees with end-stage osteoarthritis (OA). DESIGN Articular cartilage was collected from the non-weight bearing medial intercondylar notch of knees undergoing arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM; N = 10, 49.7 ± 10.8 years, 50% females) for isolated medial meniscus tears and knees undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA; N = 10, 66.0 ± 7.6 years, 70% females) due to end-stage OA. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) preparation was subjected to SurePrint G3 human 8 × 60K RNA microarrays to probe differentially expressed transcripts followed by computational exploration of underlying biological processes. Real-time polymerase chain reaction amplification was performed on selected transcripts to validate microarray data. RESULTS We observed that 81 transcripts were significantly differentially expressed (45 elevated, 36 repressed) between APM and TKA samples (≥ 2 fold) at a false discovery rate of ≤ 0.05. Among these, CFD, CSN1S1, TSPAN11, CSF1R and CD14 were elevated in the TKA group, while CHI3L2, HILPDA, COL3A1, COL27A1 and FGF2 were highly expressed in APM group. A few long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs), small nuclear RNAs (snoRNAs) and antisense RNAs were also differentially expressed between the two groups. Transcripts up-regulated in TKA cartilage were enriched for protein localization and activation, chemical stimulus, immune response, and toll-like receptor signaling pathway. Transcripts up-regulated in APM cartilage were enriched for mesenchymal cell apoptosis, epithelial morphogenesis, canonical glycolysis, extracellular matrix organization, cartilage development, and glucose catabolic process. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that APM and TKA cartilage express distinct sets of OA transcripts. The gene profile in cartilage from TKA knees represents an end-stage OA whereas in APM knees it is clearly earlier in the degenerative process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Farooq Rai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Eric D. Tycksen
- Genome Technology Access Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Lei Cai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Jinsheng Yu
- Genome Technology Access Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Rick W. Wright
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| | - Robert H. Brophy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Musculoskeletal Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Li X, Roemer FW. Compositional changes predict morphologic cartilage lesion development - are we one step closer to clinical translation of quantitative MRI? Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2019; 27:723-725. [PMID: 30735715 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2019.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Program of Advanced Musculoskeletal Imaging (PAMI), Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - F W Roemer
- Department of Radiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; Erlangen, Germany; Quantitative Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Myller KAH, Korhonen RK, Töyräs J, Salo J, Jurvelin JS, Venäläinen MS. Computational evaluation of altered biomechanics related to articular cartilage lesions observed in vivo. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:1042-1051. [PMID: 30839123 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Chondral lesions provide a potential risk factor for development of osteoarthritis. Despite the variety of in vitro studies on lesion degeneration, in vivo studies that evaluate relation between lesion characteristics and the risk for the possible progression of OA are lacking. Here, we aimed to characterize different lesions and quantify biomechanical responses experienced by surrounding cartilage tissue. We generated computational knee joint models with nine chondral injuries based on clinical in vivo arthrographic computed tomography images. Finite element models with fibril-reinforced poro(visco)elastic cartilage and menisci were constructed to simulate physiological loading. Systematically, the lesions experienced increased peak values of maximum principal strain, maximum shear strain, and minimum principal strain in the surrounding chondral tissue (p < 0.01) compared with intact tissue. Depth, volume, and area of the lesion correlated with the maximum shear strain (p < 0.05, Spearman rank correlation coefficient ρ = 0.733-0.917). Depth and volume of the lesion correlated also with the maximum principal strain (p < 0.05, ρ = 0.767, and ρ = 0.717, respectively). However, the lesion area had non-significant correlation with this strain parameter (p = 0.06, ρ = 0.65). Potentially, the introduced approach could be developed for clinical evaluation of biomechanical risks of a chondral lesion and planning an intervention. Statement of Clinical Relevance: In this study, we computationally characterized different in vivo chondral lesions and evaluated their risk of cartilage degeneration. This information is vital in decision-making for intervention in order to prevent post-traumatic osteoarthritis. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katariina A H Myller
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Centre of Oncology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rami K Korhonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Juha Töyräs
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,School of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jari Salo
- Orthopaedics and Traumatology Clinic, Mehiläinen, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka S Jurvelin
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko S Venäläinen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Chu CR, Fortier LA, Williams A, Payne KA, McCarrel TM, Bowers ME, Jaramillo D. Minimally Manipulated Bone Marrow Concentrate Compared with Microfracture Treatment of Full-Thickness Chondral Defects: A One-Year Study in an Equine Model. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2019; 100:138-146. [PMID: 29342064 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.17.00132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microfracture is commonly performed for cartilage repair but usually results in fibrocartilage. Microfracture augmented by autologous bone marrow concentrate (BMC) was previously shown to yield structurally superior cartilage repairs in an equine model compared with microfracture alone. The current study was performed to test the hypothesis that autologous BMC without concomitant microfracture improves cartilage repair compared with microfracture alone. METHODS Autologous sternal bone marrow aspirate (BMA) was concentrated using a commercial system. Cells from BMC were evaluated for chondrogenic potential in vitro and in vivo. Bilateral full-thickness chondral defects (15-mm diameter) were created on the midlateral trochlear ridge in 8 horses. Paired defects were randomly assigned to treatment with BMC without concomitant microfracture, or to microfracture alone. The repairs were evaluated at 1 year by in vitro assessment, arthroscopy, morphological magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), quantitative T2-weighted and ultrashort echo time enhanced T2* (UTE-T2*) MRI mapping, and histological assessment. RESULTS Culture-expanded but not freshly isolated cells from BMA and BMC underwent cartilage differentiation in vitro. In vivo, cartilage repairs in both groups were fibrous to fibrocartilaginous at 1 year of follow-up, with no differences observed between BMC and microfracture by arthroscopy, T2 and UTE-T2* MRI values, and histological assessment (p > 0.05). Morphological MRI showed subchondral bone changes not observed by arthroscopy and improved overall outcomes for the BMC repairs (p = 0.03). Differences in repair tissue UTE-T2* texture features were observed between the treatment groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS When BMC was applied directly to critical-sized, full-thickness chondral defects in an equine model, the cartilage repair results were similar to those of microfracture. Our data suggest that, given the few mesenchymal stem cells in minimally manipulated BMC, other mechanisms such as paracrine, anti-inflammatory, or immunomodulatory effects may have been responsible for tissue regeneration in a previous study in which BMC was applied to microfractured repairs. While our conclusions are limited by small numbers, the better MRI outcomes for the BMC repairs may have been related to reduced surgical trauma to the subchondral bone. CLINICAL RELEVANCE MRI provides important information on chondral defect subsurface repair organization and subchondral bone structure that is not well assessed by arthroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Constance R Chu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California.,VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - Lisa A Fortier
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
| | - Ashley Williams
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Karin A Payne
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Taralyn M McCarrel
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Diego Jaramillo
- VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California.,Nicklaus Children's Hospital, Miami, Florida
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Apostolakos JM, Lazaro L, Williams RJ. The Use of Bone Marrow Concentrate in the Treatment of Full-Thickness Chondral Defects. HSS J 2019; 15:96-99. [PMID: 30863240 PMCID: PMC6384207 DOI: 10.1007/s11420-018-9647-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This article is a critical analysis of a study, "Minimally Manipulated Bone Marrow Concentrate Compared with Microfracture Treatment of Full-Thickness Chondral Defects: A One-Year Study in an Equine Model," by Chu et al. (J Bone Joint Surg Am. 100(2):138-146, 2018). The investigation compared two interventions in the management of full-thickness chondral defects in an equine model: autologous bone marrow concentrate without concomitant microfracture treatment versus microfracture treatment alone. This review analyzes the methodology and results of their investigation and examines how their findings may influence the continued development of therapeutic options for full-thickness cartilage injuries. The study utilized in vitro analysis, arthroscopic assessment, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) evaluation, and histological analysis to compare the treatments and their influence on the quality of cartilage repair. Although Chu et al. reported similar results between groups, their findings offer insight into the role of arthroscopy, MRI, and histology in the evaluation of repair quality. We compare their findings to those of similar investigations, highlighting the limited therapeutic options and variable clinical outcomes related to the treatment of full-thickness articular cartilage defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John M. Apostolakos
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Lionel Lazaro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA
| | - Riley J. Williams
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021 USA
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Martinez-Carranza N, Hultenby K, Lagerstedt AS, Schupbach P, Berg HE. Cartilage Health in Knees Treated with Metal Resurfacing Implants or Untreated Focal Cartilage Lesions: A Preclinical Study in Sheep. Cartilage 2019; 10:120-128. [PMID: 28703030 PMCID: PMC6376557 DOI: 10.1177/1947603517720260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Full-depth cartilage lesions do not heal and the long-term clinical outcome is uncertain. In the symptomatic middle-aged (35-60 years) patient, treatment with metal implants has been proposed. However, the cartilage health surrounding these implants has not been thoroughly studied. Our objective was to evaluate the health of cartilage opposing and adjacent to metal resurfacing implants. METHODS The medial femoral condyle was operated in 9 sheep bilaterally. A metallic resurfacing metallic implant was immediately inserted into an artificially created 7.5 mm defect while on the contralateral knee the defect was left untreated. Euthanasia was performed at 6 months. Six animals, of similar age and study duration, from a previous study were used for comparison in the evaluation of cartilage health adjacent to the implant. Cartilage damage to joint surfaces within the knee, cartilage repair of the defect, and cartilage adjacent to the implant was evaluated macroscopically and microscopically. RESULTS Six animals available for evaluation of cartilage health within the knee showed a varying degree of cartilage damage with no statistical difference between defects treated with implants or left untreated ( P = 0.51; 95% CI -3.7 to 6.5). The cartilage adjacent to the implant (score 0-14; where 14 indicates no damage) remained healthy in these 6 animals showing promising results (averaged 10.5; range 9-11.5, SD 0.95). Cartilage defects did not heal in any case. CONCLUSION Treatment of a critical size focal lesion with a metal implant is a viable alternative treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Martinez-Carranza
- Department of Orthopaedics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden,Institution of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Nicolas Martinez-Carranza, Institution of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kjell Hultenby
- Division of Clinical Research Center, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anne Sofie Lagerstedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Science, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Peter Schupbach
- Schupbach Ltd, Service and Research Laboratory for Histology, Electron Microscopy and Micro CT, Horgen, Switzerland
| | - Hans E. Berg
- Department of Orthopaedics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden,Institution of Clinical Sciences, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Hosseininia S, Önnerfjord P, Dahlberg LE. Targeted proteomics of hip articular cartilage in OA and fracture patients. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:131-135. [PMID: 30307059 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic disease, causing joint pain and reduced physical function. OA progresses slowly over a period of several years; to avoid an exacerbation of symptoms, it is critical to able to diagnose the disease as early as possible. The identification of disease-specific biomarkers may enable such an early diagnosis. The aim of this study was to investigate potential biomarkers of cartilage metabolism in OA using a targeted multiplex approach by single reaction monitoring. Intact looking cartilage of femoral heads from patients with OA (n = 9) or femoral neck fractures (n = 12) was examined. Variations and relative quantifications of 35 selected extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins were analyzed using nano-LC coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Our study showed statistically significantly increased levels of asporin (ASPN), mimecan (MIME), matrilin-3 (MATN3), cartilage intermediate layer protein 2 (CILP-2), collagen VI, collagen II, and collagen III N-propeptide in OA cartilage compared with non-OA cartilage. The other proteins in the protein panel did not appear to be different between the two groups. In conclusion, we identified a number of cartilage matrix proteins which may represent early molecular changes in the OA process and may have potential to predict the development of OA. © 2018 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahrzad Hosseininia
- Lund University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Lund, Sweden
| | - Patrik Önnerfjord
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Section of Rheumatology and Molecular Skeletal Biology, Centre of Excellence in Biological and Medical Mass Spectrometry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Leif E Dahlberg
- Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopaedics, Lund, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Shao X, Chen Q, Dou X, Chen L, Wu J, Zhang W, Shao H, Ling P, Liu F, Wang F. Lower range of molecular weight of xanthan gum inhibits cartilage matrix destruction via intrinsic bax-mitochondria cytochrome c-caspase pathway. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 198:354-363. [PMID: 30093011 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.06.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xintian Shao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China; Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Qixin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China; Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Xixi Dou
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China; Shandong Freda Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Jixu Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China; Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Huarong Shao
- Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Peixue Ling
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China; Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China; Shandong Freda Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Jinan 250101, China.
| | - Fei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China; Shandong Academy of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biopharmaceuticals, Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Polysaccharide Drugs, Jinan 250101, China; Shandong Freda Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd, Jinan 250101, China.
| | - Fengshan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan 250101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zheng W, Chen C, Zhang C, Cai L, Chen H. The protective effect of phloretin in osteoarthritis: an in vitro and in vivo study. Food Funct 2018; 9:263-278. [PMID: 29168867 DOI: 10.1039/c7fo01199g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the degradation and inflammation of cartilage. Phloretin, a type of dihydrochalcone mainly found in apples and apple-derived products, has been reported to possess various potent biological effects such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of phloretin on OA have not been reported. This study was aimed at assessing the effects of phloretin on human OA chondrocytes. Human OA chondrocytes were pretreated with phloretin (10, 30, and 100 μM) for 2 h and subsequently stimulated with IL-1β for 24 h. The production of NO, PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-6 was determined using the Griess reagent and ELISAs. The mRNA expression of COX-2, iNOS, MMP-3, MMP-13, and ADAMTS-5 was measured by real-time PCR. Changes in the protein expression of COX-2, iNOS, MMPs, ADAMTS, aggrecan, collagen-II, NF-κB, and the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway were detected by western blotting. In this study, we found that phloretin significantly inhibited the IL-1β-induced production of NO, PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-6, the expression of COX-2, iNOS, MMP-3, MMP-13, and ADAMTS-5, and the degradation of aggrecan and collagen-II in human OA chondrocytes. Furthermore, phloretin dramatically suppressed the IL-1β-stimulated phosphorylation of PI3K/Akt and activation of NF-κB in human OA chondrocytes. In addition, treatment with phloretin not only prevented the destruction of cartilage and the thickening of subchondral bone but also relieved synovitis in a mouse model of OA. Moreover, immunohistochemical results showed that phloretin significantly decreased the expression of MMP-13 and increased the expression of collagen-II in OA in mice. In conclusion, these results suggest that phloretin may be a potential agent for the treatment of OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Aydemir AT, Alper M, Kockar F. SP1-mediated downregulation of ADAMTS3 gene expression in osteosarcoma models. Gene 2018; 659:1-10. [PMID: 29518549 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
ADAMTS3 is a member of procollagen N-proteinase subfamily of ADAMTS (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs) gene family. It has an important function in the procollagen maturation process. The removal of N-peptidases is required for the accurate processing of fibrillar collagens. Otherwise, several disorders can occur that is related with the collagenous tissues. ADAMTS3 mainly maturates type II collagen molecule which is the main component of the bone and cartilage. There are several expression studies about ADAMTS3 gene however its transcriptional regulation has not been lightened up, yet. Here we first time cloned and functionally analyzed the promoter region of ADAMTS3 gene, approximately 1380 bp upstream of the transcription start site. Transient transfection experiments showed that all truncated promoter constructs are active and 171 bp fragment is sufficient to activate gene expression in both Saos-2 and MG63 cells. In silico analysis showed that ADAMTS3 has a TATA-less promoter and contains several SP1/GC box binding motifs and a CpG island. Therefore we mainly investigated the SP1 dependent regulation of ADAMTS3 promoter. SP1 downregulated ADAMTS3 transcriptional activity. As consistent with the transcriptional activity, mRNA, and protein expression levels were also decreased by SP1. On the other hand, functional binding of the SP1 on multiple regions of ADAMTS3 promoter was confirmed by EMSA studies. As ADAMTS3 is responsible for the collagen maturation and biosynthesis, further we investigated the effect of SP1 on type I-II and III collagen gene expressions. We point out that SP1 increased type II and III collagen expression and in contrast decreased type I collagen expression levels in Saos-2 cells. mRNA expression level was decreased for all collagen types in MG63 model. Decrease in the type II collagen expression was also demonstrated at the protein level by SP1. Collectively these results provide first findings for the SP1-related transcriptional regulation of ADAMTS3 and collagen genes in osteosarcoma cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Tuğşen Aydemir
- Balıkesir University, Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of Biology, 10145 Balikesir, Turkey
| | - Meltem Alper
- Aksaray University, Aksaray Vocational School of Technical Sciences, 68100 Aksaray, Turkey
| | - Feray Kockar
- Balıkesir University, Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of Molecular Biology, 10145 Balikesir, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Shetty AA, Kim SJ, Ahmed S, Trattnig S, Kim SA, Jang HJ. A cost-effective cell- and matrix-based minimally invasive single-stage chondroregenerative technique developed with validated vertical translation methodology. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2018; 100:240-246. [PMID: 29493355 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2017.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The morbidity and significant health economic impact associated with the chondral lesion has led to a large number of strategies for therapeutic neochondrogenesis. The challenge has been to develop techniques that are cost effective single-stage procedures with minimal surgical trauma that have undergone rigorous preclinical scrutiny and robust reproducible assessment of effectiveness. A biological repair requires the generation of a cellular and matrix composite with appropriate signalling for chondrogenic differentiation. Methods and results A technique was developed that allowed chondrogenic primary (uncultured) cells from bone marrow aspirate concentrate, combined with a composite hydrophilic and fibrillar matrix to be applied arthroscopically to a site of a chondral lesion. The construct was tested in vitro and in animal experiments before clinical trials. Clinical trials involved 60 patients in a prospective study. Symptomatic International Cartilage Repair Society grade 3 and 4a lesions were mapped and treated. Pre- and postoperative clinical assessments showed statistically significant improved outcomes; Lysholm Knee Scoring Scale (mean 52.8 to > 76.4; P < 0.05) International Knee Documentation Committee (mean 39 to > 79 P < 0.05) and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (64.5 to >89.2 P < 0.05). Postoperative magnetic resonance imaging was evaluated morphologically (magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue, average MOCART score 72) and qualitatively; the regenerate was comparable to native cartilage. Conclusions This technique is effective, affordable, requires no complex tools and delivers a single-stage treatment that is potentially accessible to any centre capable of performing arthroscopic surgery. Good clinical results were found to be sustained at five years of follow-up with a regenerate that appears hyaline like using multiple magnetic resonance measures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A A Shetty
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University , Chatham Maritime , UK
| | - S J Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - S Ahmed
- Institute of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Canterbury Christ Church University , Chatham Maritime , UK
| | - S Trattnig
- MR Centre - High-field MR, Department of Radiology, Medical University of Vienna , Vienna , Austria
| | - S A Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| | - H J Jang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea , Gyeonggi-do , Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Karim A, Amin AK, Hall AC. The clustering and morphology of chondrocytes in normal and mildly degenerate human femoral head cartilage studied by confocal laser scanning microscopy. J Anat 2017; 232:686-698. [PMID: 29283191 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondrocytes are the major cell type present in hyaline cartilage and they play a crucial role in maintaining the mechanical resilience of the tissue through a balance of the synthesis and breakdown of extracellular matrix macromolecules. Histological assessment of cartilage suggests that articular chondrocytes in situ typically occur singly and demonstrate a rounded/elliptical morphology. However, there are suggestions that their grouping and fine shape is more complex and that these change with cartilage degeneration as occurs in osteoarthritis. In the present study we have used confocal laser scanning microscopy and fluorescently labelled in situ human chondrocytes and advanced imaging software to visualise chondrocyte clustering and detailed morphology within grade-0 (non-degenerate) and grade-1 (mildly degenerate) cartilage from human femoral heads. Graded human cartilage explants were incubated with 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide to identify the morphology and viability, respectively, of in situ chondrocytes within superficial, mid- and deep zones. In grade-0 cartilage, the analysis of confocal microscope images showed that although the majority of chondrocytes were single and morphologically normal, clusters (i.e. three or more chondrocytes within the enclosed lacunar space) were occasionally observed in the superficial zone, and 15-25% of the cell population exhibited at least one cytoplasmic process of ~ 5 μm in length. With degeneration, cluster number increased (~ 50%) but not significantly; however, the number of cells/cluster (P < 0.001) and the percentage of cells forming clusters increased (P = 0.0013). In the superficial zone but not the mid- or deep zones, the volume of clusters and average volume of chondrocytes in clusters increased (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). The percentage of chondrocytes with processes, the number of processes/cell and the length of processes/cell increased in the superficial zone of grade-1 cartilage (P = 0.0098, P = 0.02 and P < 0.001, respectively). Processes were categorised based on length (L0 - no cytoplasmic processes; L1 < 5 μm; 5 < L2 ≤ 10 μm; 10 < L3 ≤ 15 μm; L4 > 15 μm). With cartilage degeneration, for chondrocytes in all zones, there was a significant decrease (P = 0.015) in the percentage of chondrocytes with 'normal' morphology (i.e. L0), with no change in the percentage of cells with L1 processes; however, there were significant increases in the other categories. In grade-0 cartilage, chondrocyte clustering and morphological abnormalities occurred and with degeneration these were exacerbated, particularly in the superficial zone. Chondrocyte clustering and abnormal morphology are associated with aberrant matrix metabolism, suggesting that these early changes to chondrocyte properties may be associated with cartilage degeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Asima Karim
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Anish K Amin
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew C Hall
- Centre for Integrative Physiology, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Hu JL, Todhunter ME, LaBarge MA, Gartner ZJ. Opportunities for organoids as new models of aging. J Cell Biol 2017; 217:39-50. [PMID: 29263081 PMCID: PMC5748992 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201709054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The biology of aging is challenging to study, particularly in humans. As a result, model organisms are used to approximate the physiological context of aging in humans. However, the best model organisms remain expensive and time-consuming to use. More importantly, they may not reflect directly on the process of aging in people. Human cell culture provides an alternative, but many functional signs of aging occur at the level of tissues rather than cells and are therefore not readily apparent in traditional cell culture models. Organoids have the potential to effectively balance between the strengths and weaknesses of traditional models of aging. They have sufficient complexity to capture relevant signs of aging at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels, while presenting an experimentally tractable alternative to animal studies. Organoid systems have been developed to model many human tissues and diseases. Here we provide a perspective on the potential for organoids to serve as models for aging and describe how current organoid techniques could be applied to aging research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Hu
- University of California Berkeley-University of California San Francisco Graduate Program in Bioengineering, San Francisco, CA
| | - Michael E Todhunter
- Center for Cancer and Aging, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Mark A LaBarge
- Center for Cancer and Aging, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - Zev J Gartner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA .,National Science Foundation Center for Cellular Construction, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA.,Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Zheng W, Feng Z, Lou Y, Chen C, Zhang C, Tao Z, Li H, Cheng L, Ying X. Silibinin protects against osteoarthritis through inhibiting the inflammatory response and cartilage matrix degradation in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2017; 8:99649-99665. [PMID: 29245931 PMCID: PMC5725122 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage degradation and inflammation. Silibinin, a polyphenolic flavonoid derived from fruits and seeds of Silybum marianum, has been reported to possess various potent beneficial biological effects, such as antioxidant, anti-cancer, hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities. However, the anti-inflammatory effects of silibinin on OA have not been reported. This study aimed to assess the effects of silibinin on OA both in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we found that silibinin significantly inhibited the nterleukin-1β (IL-1β)-induced production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-6, expression of cyclooxygenase2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), MMP-3, MMP-13, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-4 (ADAMTS-4) and ADAMTS-5, degradation of aggrecan and collagen-II in human OA chondrocytes. Furthermore, silibinin dramatically suppressed IL-1β-stimulated phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/ protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) phosphorylation and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kB) activation in human OA chondrocytes. In addition, treatment of silibinin not only prevented the destruction of cartilage and the thickening of subchondral bone but also relieved synovitis in mice OA models. Also, the immunohistochemistry results showed that silibinin significantly decreased the expression of MMP-13 and ADAMTS-5 and increased the expression of collagen-II and aggrecan in mice OA. Taken together, these results suggest that silibinin may be a potential agent in the treatment of OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Zheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhenhua Feng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Yiting Lou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Chunhui Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Chuanxu Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Zhenyu Tao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Hang Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Liang Cheng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Xiaozhou Ying
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Focal Defects of the Knee Articular Surface: Evidence of a Regenerative Potential Pattern in Osteochondritis Dissecans and Degenerative Lesions. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9036305. [PMID: 28770227 PMCID: PMC5523180 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9036305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The surgical treatment of knee articular focal lesions may offer heterogeneous clinical results. Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) lesions showed to heal better than degenerative lesions (DL) but the underlying biological reasons are unknown. We evaluated the basal histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of these lesions analyzing a series of osteochondral fragments from young patients with similar age but presenting different etiology. Osteochondral tissue samples were stained with Safranin O and graded using a histological score. Markers of mesenchymal progenitor cells (CD146), osteoclasts (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, TRAP), and vessels (CD34) were evaluated. Histological score showed a higher degeneration of both cartilage and bone compartments in OCD compared to DL fragments. Only CD146-positive cells were found at the same percentage in cartilage compartment of both DL and OCD patients. By contrast, in the bone compartment a significantly higher percentage of CD146, TRAP, and CD34 markers was found in OCD compared to DL patients. These data showed distinct histological characteristics of osteochondral focal lesions located in the same anatomical region but having a different etiology. The higher percentages of these markers in OCD than in DL, mainly associated with a high bone turnover, could help to explain the higher clinical healing potential of OCD patients.
Collapse
|
44
|
Lakin BA, Snyder BD, Grinstaff MW. Assessing Cartilage Biomechanical Properties: Techniques for Evaluating the Functional Performance of Cartilage in Health and Disease. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2017; 19:27-55. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071516-044525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin A. Lakin
- Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| | - Brian D. Snyder
- Center for Advanced Orthopedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Orthopedic Center, Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
| | - Mark W. Grinstaff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
MicroRNA-29b Contributes to Collagens Imbalance in Human Osteoarthritic and Dedifferentiated Articular Chondrocytes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:9792512. [PMID: 28612031 PMCID: PMC5458373 DOI: 10.1155/2017/9792512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective Decreased expression of collagen type II in favour of collagen type I or X is one hallmark of chondrocyte phenotype changes in osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage. MicroRNA- (miR-) 29b was previously shown to target collagens in several tissues. We studied whether it could contribute to collagen imbalance in chondrocytes with an impaired phenotype. Methods After preliminary microarrays screening, miR-29b levels were measured by RT- quantitative PCR in in vitro models of chondrocyte phenotype changes (IL-1β challenge or serial subculturing) and in chondrocytes from OA and non-OA patients. Potential miR-29b targets identified in silico in 3′-UTRs of collagens mRNAs were tested with luciferase reporter assays. The impact of premiR-29b overexpression in ATDC5 cells was studied on collagen mRNA levels and synthesis (Sirius red staining) during chondrogenesis. Results MiR-29b level increased significantly in IL-1β-stimulated and weakly in subcultured chondrocytes. A 5.8-fold increase was observed in chondrocytes from OA versus non-OA patients. Reporter assays showed that miR-29b targeted COL2A1 and COL1A2 3′-UTRs although with a variable recovery upon mutation. In ATDC5 cells overexpressing premiR-29b, collagen production was reduced while mRNA levels increased. Conclusions By acting probably as a posttranscriptional regulator with a different efficacy on COL2A1 and COL1A2 expression, miR-29b can contribute to the collagens imbalance associated with an abnormal chondrocyte phenotype.
Collapse
|
46
|
Lahm A, Dabravolski D, Spank H, Merk H, Esser J, Kasch R. Regional differences of tibial and femoral cartilage in the chondrocyte gene expression, immunhistochemistry and composite in different stages of osteoarthritis. Tissue Cell 2017; 49:249-256. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
47
|
Challenges for Cartilage Regeneration. SPRINGER SERIES IN BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-662-53574-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
48
|
Poole AR, Ha N, Bourdon S, Sayre EC, Guermazi A, Cibere J. Ability of a Urine Assay of Type II Collagen Cleavage by Collagenases to Detect Early Onset and Progression of Articular Cartilage Degeneration: Results from a Population-based Cohort Study. J Rheumatol 2016; 43:1864-1870. [PMID: 27481905 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.150917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the association of a sandwich assay for cartilage collagenase-mediated degradation, the C2C human urine sandwich assay (IB-C2C-HUSA), with early and late knee cartilage pathology and with progression of cartilage damage. METHODS A population-based cohort with knee pain, age 40-79 years, was evaluated at baseline (n = 253) and after mean 3.3 years (n = 161). We evaluated the IB-C2C-HUSA and a related competitive inhibition assay (C2C). The C2C assay was applied to serum (sC2C) and urine (uC2C). Based on knee radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 3 subgroups [no cartilage pathology, preradiographic cartilage pathology, and radiographic osteoarthritis (ROA)] were evaluated cross-sectionally for association with biomarker levels. Longitudinally, we evaluated whether baseline assays predict subsequent progression of cartilage degeneration, defined by MRI cartilage loss. RESULTS Cross-sectionally, statistically significant differences were seen in the 3 subgroups for IB-C2C-HUSA (p < 0.001), with the highest levels seen in ROA, and for sC2C (p = 0.023), while no differences were seen for uC2C (p = 0.501). Baseline IB-C2C-HUSA levels were higher in progressors vs nonprogressors (p = 0.003). In logistic regression analysis, only baseline IB-C2C-HUSA was associated with an increased risk of progression of cartilage damage (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.03-3.09). CONCLUSION The IB-C2C-HUSA degradation assay detects the generation of a pathology-related cartilage collagen peptide(s) that increase(s) with onset of degeneration of knee articular cartilage. The baseline values are associated with progression of cartilage degeneration over 3 subsequent years. This assay may have value in clinical OA trials. Further, it points to collagenase activity as a therapeutic target for controlling degeneration of articular cartilage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Robin Poole
- From the Division of Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; R&D Diagnostics, IBEX Pharmaceuticals, Montreal, Quebec; Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.A.R. Poole, PhD, DSc, Professor Emeritus, Division of Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University; N. Ha, PhD, Manager, R&D Diagnostics, IBEX Pharmaceuticals, currently affiliated with Beckman Coulter, Miami, Florida, USA; S. Bourdon, BSc, Manager, Assay Production, IBEX Pharmaceuticals; E.C. Sayre, PhD, Statistical Analyst, Arthritis Research Canada; A. Guermazi, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine; J. Cibere, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, and Senior Scientist, Arthritis Research Canada
| | - Nhuan Ha
- From the Division of Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; R&D Diagnostics, IBEX Pharmaceuticals, Montreal, Quebec; Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.A.R. Poole, PhD, DSc, Professor Emeritus, Division of Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University; N. Ha, PhD, Manager, R&D Diagnostics, IBEX Pharmaceuticals, currently affiliated with Beckman Coulter, Miami, Florida, USA; S. Bourdon, BSc, Manager, Assay Production, IBEX Pharmaceuticals; E.C. Sayre, PhD, Statistical Analyst, Arthritis Research Canada; A. Guermazi, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine; J. Cibere, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, and Senior Scientist, Arthritis Research Canada
| | - Suzanne Bourdon
- From the Division of Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; R&D Diagnostics, IBEX Pharmaceuticals, Montreal, Quebec; Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.A.R. Poole, PhD, DSc, Professor Emeritus, Division of Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University; N. Ha, PhD, Manager, R&D Diagnostics, IBEX Pharmaceuticals, currently affiliated with Beckman Coulter, Miami, Florida, USA; S. Bourdon, BSc, Manager, Assay Production, IBEX Pharmaceuticals; E.C. Sayre, PhD, Statistical Analyst, Arthritis Research Canada; A. Guermazi, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine; J. Cibere, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, and Senior Scientist, Arthritis Research Canada
| | - Eric C Sayre
- From the Division of Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; R&D Diagnostics, IBEX Pharmaceuticals, Montreal, Quebec; Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.A.R. Poole, PhD, DSc, Professor Emeritus, Division of Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University; N. Ha, PhD, Manager, R&D Diagnostics, IBEX Pharmaceuticals, currently affiliated with Beckman Coulter, Miami, Florida, USA; S. Bourdon, BSc, Manager, Assay Production, IBEX Pharmaceuticals; E.C. Sayre, PhD, Statistical Analyst, Arthritis Research Canada; A. Guermazi, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine; J. Cibere, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, and Senior Scientist, Arthritis Research Canada
| | - Ali Guermazi
- From the Division of Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; R&D Diagnostics, IBEX Pharmaceuticals, Montreal, Quebec; Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.A.R. Poole, PhD, DSc, Professor Emeritus, Division of Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University; N. Ha, PhD, Manager, R&D Diagnostics, IBEX Pharmaceuticals, currently affiliated with Beckman Coulter, Miami, Florida, USA; S. Bourdon, BSc, Manager, Assay Production, IBEX Pharmaceuticals; E.C. Sayre, PhD, Statistical Analyst, Arthritis Research Canada; A. Guermazi, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine; J. Cibere, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, and Senior Scientist, Arthritis Research Canada
| | - Jolanda Cibere
- From the Division of Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec; R&D Diagnostics, IBEX Pharmaceuticals, Montreal, Quebec; Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.A.R. Poole, PhD, DSc, Professor Emeritus, Division of Orthopedics, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University; N. Ha, PhD, Manager, R&D Diagnostics, IBEX Pharmaceuticals, currently affiliated with Beckman Coulter, Miami, Florida, USA; S. Bourdon, BSc, Manager, Assay Production, IBEX Pharmaceuticals; E.C. Sayre, PhD, Statistical Analyst, Arthritis Research Canada; A. Guermazi, MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine; J. Cibere, MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, and Senior Scientist, Arthritis Research Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Oinas J, Rieppo L, Finnilä MAJ, Valkealahti M, Lehenkari P, Saarakkala S. Imaging of Osteoarthritic Human Articular Cartilage using Fourier Transform Infrared Microspectroscopy Combined with Multivariate and Univariate Analysis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30008. [PMID: 27445254 PMCID: PMC4956759 DOI: 10.1038/srep30008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The changes in chemical composition of human articular cartilage (AC) caused by osteoarthritis (OA) were investigated using Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIR-MS). We demonstrate the sensitivity of FTIR-MS for monitoring compositional changes that occur with OA progression. Twenty-eight AC samples from tibial plateaus were imaged with FTIR-MS. Hyperspectral images of all samples were combined for K-means clustering. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) analysis was used to compare the spectra with the OARSI grade (histopathological grading of OA). Furthermore, the amide I and the carbohydrate regions were used to estimate collagen and proteoglycan contents, respectively. Spectral peak at 1338 cm(-1) was used to estimate the integrity of the collagen network. The layered structure of AC was revealed using the carbohydrate region for clustering. Statistically significant correlation was observed between the OARSI grade and the collagen integrity in the superficial (r = -0.55) and the deep (r = -0.41) zones. Furthermore, PLSR models predicted the OARSI grade from the superficial (r = 0.94) and the deep (r = 0.77) regions of the AC with high accuracy. Obtained results suggest that quantitative and qualitative changes occur in the AC composition during OA progression, and these can be monitored by the use of FTIR-MS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Oinas
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Finland
| | - L Rieppo
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Finland
| | - M A J Finnilä
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Finland.,Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Valkealahti
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Finland.,Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Finland
| | - P Lehenkari
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Finland.,Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Finland.,Research Group of Cancer and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - S Saarakkala
- Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital, Finland.,Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Low Levels of Vitamin D have a Deleterious Effect on the Articular Cartilage in a Rat Model. HSS J 2016; 12:150-7. [PMID: 27385944 PMCID: PMC4916094 DOI: 10.1007/s11420-016-9492-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D appears to play an important role in bone and cartilage metabolism since its receptors are widely found in human articular chondrocytes. Thus, effects of variation of vitamin D may directly impact cartilage and bone biology. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES The aims of this study are to compare (1) articular cartilage structure and composition and (2) trabecular and cortical bone microstructure in rats with normal versus insufficient vitamin D levels. METHODS Twenty-five mature, male Sprague-Dawley rats were allocated to two groups: (1) control arm (vitamin D replete-12 rats) and (2) an experimental arm (vitamin D deficient-13 rats). Vitamin D deficiency was induced using a vitamin D-deficient diet and UV light restriction. Rats were sacrificed after 4 weeks vitamin D deficiency was confirmed. The right knee was harvested for analysis of both the medial (MFC) and lateral femoral condyles (LFC). A region of interest was established on both condyles to correlate subchondral bone architecture and the overlying cartilage. Histological analysis was performed and graded using the modified Mankin score. Subchondral and cortical bony architecture was evaluated with micro-CT. RESULTS After 4 weeks, the vitamin D-deficient group had statistically significant changes in cartilage structure in both the MFC and LFC [1.55 ± 0.6 vs. 4.23 ± 4.1 (p = 0.035) and 1.55 ± 0.6 vs. 3.53 ± 2.4 (p = 0.009), respectively]. Micro-CT analysis revealed no correlation between subchondral bone values and the overlying cartilage Mankin score (p = 0.460). No significant difference was evident between the subchondral bone of the control and study group. CONCLUSIONS Low levels of vitamin D have a deleterious effect on the cartilage. Given the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in the general population, these findings raise important questions about the potential role of vitamin D in articular cartilage health.
Collapse
|