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Osteopontin Links Myeloid Activation and Disease Progression in Systemic Sclerosis. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2020; 1:100140. [PMID: 33294861 PMCID: PMC7691442 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2020.100140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Progressive lung fibrosis is a major cause of mortality in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. We demonstrate that immune complexes (ICs) activate human monocytes to promote lung fibroblast migration partly via osteopontin (OPN) secretion, which is amplified by autocrine monocyte colony stimulating factor (MCSF) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) activity. Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing demonstrate that elevated OPN expression in SSc lung tissue is enriched in macrophages, partially overlapping with CCL18 expression. Serum OPN is elevated in SSc patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) and prognosticates future lung function deterioration in SSc cohorts. Serum OPN levels decrease following tocilizumab (monoclonal anti-IL-6 receptor) treatment, confirming the connection between IL-6 and OPN in SSc patients. Collectively, these data suggest a plausible link between autoantibodies and lung fibrosis progression, where circulating OPN serves as a systemic proxy for IC-driven profibrotic macrophage activity, highlighting its potential as a promising biomarker in SSc ILD. Immune complexes induce osteopontin (OPN) secretion from macrophages via MCSF and IL-6 OPN is expressed predominantly by macrophages in fibrotic interstitial lung disease Circulating OPN levels are elevated and predict disease progression in systemic sclerosis IL-6 receptor blockade reduces levels of circulating OPN in systemic sclerosis patients
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Raschi E, Chighizola CB, Cesana L, Privitera D, Ingegnoli F, Mastaglio C, Meroni PL, Borghi MO. Immune complexes containing scleroderma-specific autoantibodies induce a profibrotic and proinflammatory phenotype in skin fibroblasts. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:187. [PMID: 30157947 PMCID: PMC6116570 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1689-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In systemic sclerosis (SSc), autoantibodies provide the most accurate tool to predict the disease subset and pattern of organ involvement. Scleroderma autoantibodies target nucleic acids or DNA/RNA-binding proteins, thus SSc immune complexes (ICs) can embed nucleic acids. Our working hypothesis envisaged that ICs containing scleroderma-specific autoantibodies might elicit proinflammatory and profibrotic effects in skin fibroblasts. Methods Fibroblasts were isolated from skin biopsies obtained from healthy subjects and patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc). ICs were purified by polyethylene-glycol precipitation from sera of SSc patients bearing different autoantibodies. ICs from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and primary anti-phospholipid syndrome (PAPS) and from normal healthy subjects (NHS) were used as controls. After incubation with ICs, fibroblasts were evaluated for ICAM-1 expression, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, tumor growth factor (TGF)-β1 and Pro-CollagenIα1 secretion, collagen (col)Iα1, mmp-1, toll-like receptor (tlr)2, tlr3, tlr4, tlr7, tlr8, tlr9, interferon (ifn)-α, ifn-β and endothelin-1 mRNA, and NFκB, p38MAPK and SAPK-JNK activation rate. Experiments were also performed after pretreatment with DNase I/RNase and NFκB/p38MAPK inhibitors. Results The antigenic reactivity for each SSc-IC mirrored the corresponding serum autoantibody specificity, while no positivity was observed in NHS-ICs or sera. SSc-ICs but not NHS-ICs increased ICAM-1 expression, stimulated IL-6, IL-8, MMP-2, MCP-1, TGF-β1 and Pro-CollagenIα1 secretion, upregulated et-1, ifn-α, ifn-β, tlr2, tlr3 and tlr4, and activated NFκB, p38MAPK and SAPK-JNK. tlr9 was significantly upregulated by ARA-ICs, mmp-1 was significantly induced by ACA-ICs whereas colIα1 was not modulated by any SSc-ICs. SLE-ICs and PAPS-ICs significantly upregulated MMP-2 and activated NFκB, p38MAPK and SAPK-JNK. SLE-ICs and PAPS-ICs did not affect colIα1, mmp-1 and Pro-CollagenIα1. DNase I and RNase treatment significantly reduced the upregulation of study mediators induced by SSc-ICs. Pretreatment with NFκB/p38MAPK inhibitors suggested that response to anti-Th/To-ICs was preferentially mediated by p38MAPK whereas ATA-ICs, ACA-ICs and ARA-ICs engaged both mediators. In dcSSc fibroblasts, stimulation with SSc-ICs and NHS-ICs upregulated IL-6 and IL-8. Conclusions These data provide the first demonstration of the proinflammatory and profibrotic effects of SSc-ICs on fibroblasts, suggesting the potential pathogenicity of SSc autoantibodies. These effects might be mediated by Toll-like receptors via the interaction with nucleic acid fragments embedded in SSc-ICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Raschi
- Experimental Laboratory of Immunological and Rheumatologic Researches, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via Zucchi 18, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy
| | - Cecilia Beatrice Chighizola
- Experimental Laboratory of Immunological and Rheumatologic Researches, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via Zucchi 18, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy. .,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy. .,Allergology, Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piazzale Brescia 20, 20149, Milan, Italy.
| | - Laura Cesana
- Experimental Laboratory of Immunological and Rheumatologic Researches, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via Zucchi 18, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Privitera
- Experimental Laboratory of Immunological and Rheumatologic Researches, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via Zucchi 18, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ingegnoli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy.,Division of Rheumatology, ASST G. Pini, Piazza C Ferrari 1, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudio Mastaglio
- Rheumatology Unit, Ospedale Moriggia-Pelascini, Via Pelascini 3, 22015, Gravedona, Como, Italy
| | - Pier Luigi Meroni
- Experimental Laboratory of Immunological and Rheumatologic Researches, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via Zucchi 18, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy.,Division of Rheumatology, ASST G. Pini, Piazza C Ferrari 1, 20122, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Orietta Borghi
- Experimental Laboratory of Immunological and Rheumatologic Researches, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Via Zucchi 18, 20095 Cusano Milanino, Milan, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Via Festa del Perdono 7, 20122, Milan, Italy
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Zuckerman R, Asif A, Costanzo EJ, Vachharajani T. Complement activation in atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and scleroderma renal crisis: a critical analysis of pathophysiology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 40:77-81. [PMID: 29796581 PMCID: PMC6533968 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-3807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Scleroderma is an autoimmune disease that affects multiple systems. While
pathophysiologic mechanisms governing the development of scleroderma are
relatively poorly understood, advances in our understanding of the complement
system are clarifying the role of complement pathways in the development of
atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome and scleroderma renal crisis. The abundant
similarities in their presentation as well as the clinical course are raising
the possibility of a common underlying pathogenesis. Recent reports are
emphasizing that complement pathways appear to be the unifying link. This
article reviews the role of complement system in the development of atypical
hemolytic uremic syndrome and scleroderma renal crisis, and calls for heightened
awareness to the development of thrombotic angiopathy in patients with
scleroderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Zuckerman
- Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Seton Hall-Hackensack-Meridian School of Medicine, Neptune, NJ, USA
| | - Arif Asif
- Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Seton Hall-Hackensack-Meridian School of Medicine, Neptune, NJ, USA
| | - Eric J Costanzo
- Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Seton Hall-Hackensack-Meridian School of Medicine, Neptune, NJ, USA
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Okrój M, Johansson M, Saxne T, Blom AM, Hesselstrand R. Analysis of complement biomarkers in systemic sclerosis indicates a distinct pattern in scleroderma renal crisis. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:267. [PMID: 27863511 PMCID: PMC5116178 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-1168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The complement system has been implicated in pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). The goal of the present study was to evaluate improved complement biomarkers in SSc. METHODS The presence of C4d, reflecting activation of the classical/lectin pathways, C3bBbP corresponding to activation of the alternative pathway, and soluble terminal complement complexes (all complement pathways), was measured in plasma samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and correlated to clinical parameters. The study included 81 patients with limited cutaneous SSc and 41 with diffuse cutaneous SSc, as well as 47 matched healthy controls and 81 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 22 with psoriatic arthritis and 20 with ankylosing spondylitis. Skin and kidney biopsies of selected patients were stained to detect deposited C3b as a marker of local complement activation. RESULTS Biomarkers of activation of all complement pathways were increased in SSc compared with healthy controls and were similar to those in other rheumatic diseases. When patients with SSc were divided into subgroups, a distinct pattern of complement markers was observed in individuals with scleroderma renal crisis (SRC). By functional assay, we confirmed a significant decrease in complement haemolytic activity in SRC vs. non-SRC patients, indicating complement consumption. Further, we detected glomerular deposits of C3b in some patients with SRC. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that complement activation is an important feature of SRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Okrój
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Lund University, Inga Marie Nilssons Street 53, Malmö, S-20502, Sweden.,Department of Medical Biotechnology, Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology UG-MUG, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, 80210, Poland
| | - Martin Johansson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Clinical Pathology, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms street 59, Malmö, S-20502, Sweden
| | - Tore Saxne
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, S-22185, Sweden
| | - Anna M Blom
- Department of Translational Medicine, Section of Medical Protein Chemistry, Lund University, Inga Marie Nilssons Street 53, Malmö, S-20502, Sweden.
| | - Roger Hesselstrand
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Section of Rheumatology, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, S-22185, Sweden
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Foocharoen C, Distler O, Becker M, Müller-Ladner U, von Mühlen C, Leuchten N, Walker UA. Clinical correlations of hypocomplementaemia in systemic sclerosis: an analysis of the EULAR Scleroderma Trial and Research group (EUSTAR) database. Scand J Rheumatol 2012; 41:243-6. [DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2011.641583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- B White
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201
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8
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Ruddy S, Moxley G. CLINICAL UTILITY OF ASSAYS FOR IMMUNE COMPLEXES AND COMPLEMENT. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0889-8561(22)00781-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Benbassat C, Schlesinger M, Luderschmidt C, Valentini G, Tirri G, Shoenfeld Y. The complement system and systemic sclerosis. Immunol Res 1993; 12:312-6. [PMID: 8288948 DOI: 10.1007/bf02918260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Serum concentrations of the various complement components including the classical and the alternative pathways were determined in 58 control healthy subjects and 80 patients with systemic sclerosis (SSC). The mean concentrations of C1q, C2, C5, C6, C7, C9, and factor B were significantly increased in the SSC patients in comparison to controls, while the increases were not significant for C3 and C8. C4 was an exception in that the mean levels were found to be decreased, with 18 patients having levels < 65% of the mean normal value. Properdin was also found to be decreased, but not significantly. We found a similarity between the pattern of serum complement component concentrations in SSC patients and patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, two disorders frequently associated in the same patients. The significance of complement component patterns in these diseases is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Benbassat
- Department of Medicine B, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
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Geppert T. Clinical features, pathogenic mechanisms, and new developments in the treatment of systemic sclerosis. Am J Med Sci 1990; 299:193-209. [PMID: 2180298 DOI: 10.1097/00000441-199003000-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Geppert
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas 75235
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11
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Passaleva A, Massai G, Matucci-Cerinic M, Domeneghetti MP, Sharifian J, Lotti T, Cagnoni M, Ricci M. Immunological abnormalities in a group of patients with limited cutaneous systemic sclerosis and prominent vascular disease. Autoimmunity 1990; 6:283-91. [PMID: 2104177 DOI: 10.3109/08916939008998420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Antinuclear antibodies, circulating immune complexes, rheumatoid factors and anticardiolipin antibodies were detected in the sera of 17 patients affected by the limited cutaneous subset of systemic sclerosis and marked clinical evidence of ischaemic cutaneous lesions (fingertip ulcerations). This study was designed to evaluate the possible role of anticardiolipin (aCL) antibodies and other immunological disorders in the endothelial damage characteristic of the disease. ACL antibodies were found in 41% of the patients. With the exception of a significant connection with positive rheumatoid factor tests (RIA), no notable associations between anticardiolipin antibodies and antinuclear antibodies, circulating immune complexes (CIC), and other serological abnormalities were found. ACL antibodies did not significantly correlate with the presence of vascular lesions in our patients. However, a role of these antibodies in endothelial damage cannot be excluded, possibly in association with other serum factors such as immune complexes and antinuclear antibodies. A positive connection between the incidence of CIC and the severity of lung perfusion impairment was observed, and the previously reported relationship between anticentromere antibodies and calcinosis was indirectly confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Passaleva
- Cattedra di Allergologia e Immunologia Clinica, University of Florence, Italy
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Senaldi G, Lupoli S, Vergani D, Black CM. Activation of the complement system in systemic sclerosis. Relationship to clinical severity. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1989; 32:1262-7. [PMID: 2803327 DOI: 10.1002/anr.1780321011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Using newly developed techniques, we investigated the complement pathways and the extent of their activation in patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) of both the diffuse cutaneous and limited cutaneous types. Plasma levels of the fragments C3d, C4d, and Ba were measured in patients with SSc and in matched control subjects. All fragments and ratios were higher in SSc patients than in controls (P less than 0.05), demonstrating that complement activation occurs in SSc. Levels of C3d, C3d:C3, Ba, and Ba:factor B were higher in patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc patients than in controls (P less than 0.01). C3d, C3d:C3, C4d, and C4d:C4 levels were also higher in patients with limited cutaneous SSc than in controls (P less than 0.05). These results show that complement activation occurs in SSc patients and that it reflects clinical severity. Complement activation may therefore have a pathogenetic role in SSc, and its measurement may prove useful in monitoring the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Senaldi
- Department of Immunology, King's College School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
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13
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Lally EV, Jimenez SA, Kaplan SR. Progressive systemic sclerosis: mode of presentation, rapidly progressive disease course, and mortality based on an analysis of 91 patients. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1988; 18:1-13. [PMID: 3187542 DOI: 10.1016/0049-0172(88)90030-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The overwhelming majority of patients with PSS present with combinations of Raynaud's phenomenon, sclerodactyly, polyarthralgias, or swelling of an extremity. However, the clinical presentation of PSS may be atypical; 14% of patients in the present series initially sought medical attention for symptoms other than Raynaud's phenomenon, tight skin, or joint pain. In the present series, only 31% of patients fulfilled the ARA criteria for PSS at the time of initial medical evaluation. Most patients manifested advanced disease by the time the criteria were fulfilled. The ARA criteria for the classification of PSS appear to have limited value with regard to making the diagnosis in an individual patient. Rapidly progressive PSS occurred in 17.6% of patients in this series and represents a particularly fulminant form of the disease whose course may not be predictable on clinical grounds at the time of initial medical evaluation or diagnosis. Patients destined to develop renal or cardiorespiratory failure usually do so in the first 3 years of disease. Close observation of PSS patients during the first 12 to 18 months may serve to identify those individuals who will undergo an accelerated disease course. Prognosis for patients with rapidly progressive PSS is poor and is associated with significantly higher mortality compared with patients with a more protracted disease course. Future therapeutic trials in PSS should be designed with the recognition that a subgroup of patients with this disorder will have a rapidly progressive disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- E V Lally
- Department of Medicine, Roger Williams General Hospital, Providence, RI 02908
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14
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Ferri C, Bernini L, Gremignai G, Levorato D, Bongiorni MG, Marini C, Ruffatti A, Cecchetti R, Giovanelli L, Bombardieri S. Plasma exchange in the treatment of progressive systemic sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0278-6222(87)80026-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Mascaro G, Cadario G, Bordin G, Tarditi M, Ferraris G, Monteverde A, Castano L, Monteverde A. Plasma exchange in the treatment of nonadvanced stages of progressive systemic sclerosis. J Clin Apher 1987; 3:219-25. [PMID: 3680193 DOI: 10.1002/jca.2920030406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Ten patients suffering from progressive systemic sclerosis, who responded poorly to conventional therapy, underwent plasma exchange (PE) therapy in conjunction with drug therapy. The frequency of PE was twice weekly for 4-6 weeks, two or three times per year, with a summer interruption, when in our own experience a spontaneous relief of symptoms occurs. To judge the efficacy of our therapeutic device, we assessed several laboratory and clinical parameters before and after therapy. The changes in circulating immune complexes, in IgG and IgA, and in some functional indices were significant (P less than 0.001). Eight of 10 patients improved satisfactorily. The remaining two did not improve sufficiently to continue the apheretic treatment. In conclusion, our study suggests that the PE, together with conventional therapy, can be an effective therapeutic device in the treatment of progressive systemic sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mascaro
- Servizio Trasfusionale, Ospedale Maggiore, Novara, Italy
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16
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Silver RM, Metcalf JF, LeRoy EC. Interstitial lung disease in scleroderma. Immune complexes in sera and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 1986; 29:525-31. [PMID: 3707630 DOI: 10.1002/art.1780290410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial lung disease is a common feature of scleroderma (systemic sclerosis), and it may be a major determinant of morbidity and mortality. Analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from patients with scleroderma has shown evidence of inflammation in the lower respiratory tract of many patients. We have analyzed sera and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from scleroderma patients for the presence of immune complexes, which may play a role in the inflammatory process. Using a solid-phase C1q enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, we detected immune complexes in the sera of 6 of 23 patients (26%) and in none of 32 controls (P less than 0.01). All 6 patients with serum immune complexes had inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and the presence of serum immune complexes correlated with the percentage of neutrophils in lavage fluid (P less than 0.02). Immune complexes were detected in lavage fluid of 11 of 21 patients (52%) compared with 1 of 7 normal controls (14%). Subjects having immune complexes in lavage fluid had a lower forced vital capacity than did those without lavage fluid immune complexes (P less than 0.05). The levels of immune complexes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid exceeded those in serum by a mean of 45-fold, suggesting either local formation or selective deposition of immune complexes in the lower respiratory tract of some scleroderma patients.
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Abstract
There are now many assays for the quantification of circulating immune complexes, each with distinct specificity and sensitivity. In a wide variety of rheumatic, infectious, neoplastic, and metabolic conditions, levels of circulating immune complexes may be elevated. In select situations, determination of circulating immune complex levels may help clinicians in the management of their patients. In lupus erythematosus, circulating immune complex levels, in conjunction with other immune parameters, may provide more insight into the disease course and activity than assessment of end organ parameters alone. In the differential diagnosis of infective endocarditis, serial levels of circulating immune complexes may provide evidence of effectiveness or failure of treatment. There is evidence that assays for circulating immune complexes may be of potential benefit in the management of Lyme disease and acute myelogenous leukemia.
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Sternberg EM. Pathogenesis of scleroderma: the interrelationship of the immune and vascular hypotheses. SURVEY OF IMMUNOLOGIC RESEARCH 1985; 4:69-80. [PMID: 3890057 DOI: 10.1007/bf02918588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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French MA, Harrison G, Penning CA, Cunningham J, Hughes P, Rowell NR. Serum immune complexes in systemic sclerosis: relationship with precipitating nuclear antibodies. Ann Rheum Dis 1985; 44:89-92. [PMID: 3919660 PMCID: PMC1001579 DOI: 10.1136/ard.44.2.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In a comparative study of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and immune complexes in the serum of 43 patients with systemic sclerosis (SS) ANA were detected by indirect immunofluorescence on Hep 2 cells and/or double immunodiffusion in 90% of patients, while immune complex assays were positive in 32% of patients. The immune complex assays were positive only in sera containing antibodies to Scl 70, n-RNP, Ro, and La. The presence of immune complexes in SS sera is therefore related to ANA specificity. This might explain the variable findings of several previous studies of immune complexes in SS.
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Chen ZY, Virella G, Tung HE, Ainsworth SK, Silver RM, Wang AC, LaVia MF, Maricq HR, Dobson RL. Immune complexes and antinuclear, antinucleolar, and anticentromere antibodies in scleroderma. J Am Acad Dermatol 1984; 11:461-7. [PMID: 6237134 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(84)70191-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Forty-one patients with various forms of systemic sclerosis (scleroderma) and positive antinuclear antibodies of nucleolar (ten patients), speckled (eleven patients), or centromere pattern (twenty patients) were selected for study of immune complexes by the radioisotope labeled Clq binding and the radioisotope labeled protein A binding methods. The presence of immune complexes was found by the Clq binding assay in sixteen patients (39%) and by a protein A binding assay in eight patients (20%). Overall, 46% of patients (19/41) had immune complexes. A lower incidence of organ involvement and fewer positive results in the screening of serum immune complexes were observed in patients with centromere antibody (35%) than in patients with nucleolar (60%) or speckled pattern (55%). Patients with immune complexes had higher frequencies of kidney, heart, and muscle involvement and digital ulceration than did patients with no detectable immune complexes, but the differences were not statistically significant. Diffuse skin involvement was not related to the presence of immune complexes.
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22
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Jayson MI. Systemic sclerosis: a collagen or microvascular disease? BMJ : BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 1984; 288:1855-7. [PMID: 6428575 PMCID: PMC1441778 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.288.6434.1855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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23
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Yancey KB, Lawley TJ. Circulating immune complexes: their immunochemistry, biology, and detection in selected dermatologic and systemic diseases. J Am Acad Dermatol 1984; 10:711-31. [PMID: 6233339 DOI: 10.1016/s0190-9622(84)70087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Circulating immune complexes (CICs) are a heterogeneous group of immunoreactants formed by the noncovalent union of antigen and antibody. Many factors influence the formation, immunochemistry, biology, and clearance of these soluble reactants. The recent development of sensitive assays for the detection of CICs and the capability to assess immune complex (IC) clearance mechanisms in humans in vivo have expanded our understanding of these mediators. CICs influence both the afferent and efferent limbs of the immune response and can mediate tissue damage in certain pathologic states. ICs probably play an important role in the pathogenesis of serum sickness, systemic lupus erythematosus, and cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis. Recent investigations have raised the possibility that CICs may be of significance in other types of vasculitis as well. In other instances, ICs may form in response to tissue injury and subsequently modify the immune response of the host. A review of this material with special emphasis on diseases of relevance to dermatologists is presented.
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Kaminski MJ, Majewski S, Jablonska S, Pawinska M. Lowered angiogeneic capability of peripheral blood lymphocytes in progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). J Invest Dermatol 1984; 82:239-43. [PMID: 6199433 DOI: 10.1111/1523-1747.ep12260139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from 19 patients with progressive systemic sclerosis (7 with diffuse scleroderma and 12 with CREST syndrome) and from 19 healthy control individuals were tested in a lymphocyte-induced angiogenesis assay. The cells were injected intradermally into x-ray-immunosuppressed mice and their capability to induce new blood vessel formation was assessed by morphologic criteria. The lymphocytes derived from patients with systemic scleroderma showed a significant decrease in angiogeneic capability compared with controls. No significant difference in this capability was found between patients with diffuse scleroderma and those with CREST syndrome. The decrease in the angiogeneic capability of lymphocytes reflects a depression in cell-mediated immunity and might be relevant to the capillary loss observed in systemic scleroderma.
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