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Leffers D, Penxova Z, Kempin T, Därr M, Fleckner J, Hollfelder D, Ryan AF, Bruchhage KL, Kurabi A, Leichtle A. Immunomodulatory Response of the Middle Ear Epithelial Cells in Otitis Media. Otol Neurotol 2024; 45:e248-e255. [PMID: 38238924 PMCID: PMC10922874 DOI: 10.1097/mao.0000000000004096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS The middle ear (ME) epithelium transforms because of changed immunomodulation during infection. INTRODUCTION The epithelial cells of the tympanic cavity represent the first line of defense in the context of otitis media. They can convert from a typical mucosal site into a respiratory epithelium and vice versa. Our goal is to depict the specific immune response of epithelial cells after infection at the molecular level. METHODS The investigations were carried out on healthy and inflamed ME tissue, removed during surgical interventions in mouse and human models, and in a human in-vitro cell model in human ME epithelial cell line. We determined the epithelial localization of the protein expression of Toll- and NOD-like immune receptors and their associated signaling molecules using immunohistochemistry. In addition, we examined growth behavior and gene expression due to direct stimulation and inhibition. RESULTS We found clinically and immunobiologically confirmed transformation of the inflamed ME epithelium depending on their origin, as well as differences in the distribution of Toll-like receptors and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors in the epithelial cell lining. Dysregulated gene and protein expression of the inflammatory and apoptotic genes could be modulated by stimulation and inhibition in the epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS The local ME mucosal tissue is believed to modulate downstream immune activity after pathogen invasion via intrinsic cellular mechanism. Using translation approaches to target these molecular pathways may offer more reliable clinical resolution of otitis media in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Leffers
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Zuzana Penxova
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Thorge Kempin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Markus Därr
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jonas Fleckner
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Daniela Hollfelder
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Allen F Ryan
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Surgery/ Otolaryngology, San Diego, USA
| | - Karl-Ludwig Bruchhage
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Arwa Kurabi
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Surgery/ Otolaryngology, San Diego, USA
| | - Anke Leichtle
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
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Gupta S, Sharma P, Chaudhary M, Premraj S, Kaur S, Vijayan V, Arun MG, Prasad NG, Ramachandran R. Pten associates with important gene regulatory network to fine-tune Müller glia-mediated zebrafish retina regeneration. Glia 2023; 71:259-283. [PMID: 36128720 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Unlike mammals, zebrafish possess a remarkable ability to regenerate damaged retina after an acute injury. Retina regeneration in zebrafish involves the induction of Müller glia-derived progenitor cells (MGPCs) exhibiting stem cell-like characteristics, which are capable of restoring all retinal cell-types. The induction of MGPC through Müller glia-reprograming involves several cellular, genetic and biochemical events soon after a retinal injury. Despite the knowledge on the importance of Phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten), which is a dual-specificity phosphatase and tumor suppressor in the maintaining of cellular homeostasis, its importance during retina regeneration remains unknown. Here, we explored the importance of Pten during zebrafish retina regeneration. The Pten gets downregulated upon retinal injury and is absent from the MGPCs, which is essential to trigger Akt-mediated cellular proliferation essential for retina regeneration. We found that the downregulation of Pten in the post-injury retina accelerates MGPCs formation, while its overexpression restricts the regenerative response. We observed that Pten regulates the proliferation of MGPCs not only through Akt pathway but also by Mmp9/Notch signaling. Mmp9-activity is essential to induce the proliferation of MGPCs in the absence of Pten. Lastly, we show that expression of Pten is fine-tuned through Mycb/histone deacetylase1 and Tgf-β signaling. The present study emphasizes on the stringent regulation of Pten and its crucial involvement during the zebrafish retina regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivangi Gupta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Mansi Chaudhary
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Sharanya Premraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Simran Kaur
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Vijithkumar Vijayan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Manas Geeta Arun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Nagaraj Guru Prasad
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Rajesh Ramachandran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali, Punjab, India
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Leichtle A, Kurabi A, Leffers D, Därr M, Draf CS, Ryan AF, Bruchhage KL. Immunomodulation as a Protective Strategy in Chronic Otitis Media. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:826192. [PMID: 35433505 PMCID: PMC9005906 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.826192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Major features of the pathogenesis in otitis media, the most common disease in childhood, include hyperplasia of the middle ear mucosa and infiltration by leukocytes, both of which typically resolve upon bacterial clearance via apoptosis. Activation of innate immune receptors during the inflammatory process leads to the activation of intracellular transcription factors (such as NF-κB, AP-1), which regulate both the inflammatory response and tissue growth. We investigated these leading signaling pathways in otitis media using mouse models, human samples, and human middle ear epithelial cell (HMEEC) lines for therapeutic immunomodulation. Methods A stable otitis media model in wild-type mice and immunodeficient KO-mice, as well as human tissue samples from chronic otitis media, skin from the external auditory canal and middle ear mucosa removed from patients undergoing ear surgery, were studied. Gene and protein expression of innate immune signaling molecules were evaluated using microarray, qPCR and IHC. In situ apoptosis detection determined the apoptotic rate. The influence of bacterial infection on immunomodulating molecules (TNFα, MDP, Tri-DAP, SB203580, Cycloheximide) in HMEEC was evaluated. HMEEC cells were examined after bacterial stimulation/inhibition for gene expression and cellular growth. Results Persistent mucosal hyperplasia of the middle ear mucosa in chronic otitis media resulted from gene and protein expression of inflammatory and apoptotic genes, including NODs, TNFα, Casp3 and cleaved Casp3. In clinical chronic middle ear samples, these molecules were modulated after a specific stimulation. They also induced a hyposensitive response after bacterial/NOD-/TLR-pathway double stimulation of HMEEC cells in vitro. Hence, they might be suitable targets for immunological therapeutic approaches. Conclusion Uncontrolled middle ear mucosal hyperplasia is triggered by TLRs/NLRs immunoreceptor activation of downstream inflammatory and apoptotic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke Leichtle
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- *Correspondence: Anke Leichtle,
| | - Arwa Kurabi
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - David Leffers
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Markus Därr
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Clara Sophia Draf
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Allen Frederic Ryan
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
- Research Section, Veterans Affairs (VA) San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Karl-Ludwig Bruchhage
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Ji M, Ryu HJ, Hong JH. Signalling and putative therapeutic molecules on the regulation of synoviocyte signalling in rheumatoid arthritis. Bone Joint Res 2021; 10:285-297. [PMID: 33890482 PMCID: PMC8077181 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.104.bjr-2020-0331.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by symmetrical and chronic polyarthritis. Fibroblast-like synoviocytes are mainly involved in joint inflammation and cartilage and bone destruction by inflammatory cytokines and matrix-degrading enzymes in RA. Approaches that induce various cellular growth alterations of synoviocytes are considered as potential strategies for treating RA. However, since synoviocytes play a critical role in RA, the mechanism and hyperplastic modulation of synoviocytes and their motility need to be addressed. In this review, we focus on the alteration of synoviocyte signalling and cell fate provided by signalling proteins, various antioxidant molecules, enzymes, compounds, clinical candidates, to understand the pathology of the synoviocytes, and finally to achieve developed therapeutic strategies of RA. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(4):285–297.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Ji
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Hee Jung Ryu
- Department of Rheumatology, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Gachon University, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Incheon, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon, South Korea
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Kanai T, Kondo N, Okada M, Sano H, Okumura G, Kijima Y, Ogose A, Kawashima H, Endo N. The JNK pathway represents a novel target in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis through the suppression of MMP-3. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:87. [PMID: 32131874 PMCID: PMC7371465 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01595-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and aim The pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by excess production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by neutrophils and macrophages in synovium. Additionally, these cytokines promote the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and increased production of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), including MMP-3, in synoviocytes that result in joint destruction. There is limited information on how proteolytic enzymes such as MMP-3 can be regulated. We evaluated the effect of the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on RA and identified the relationship between the c-Jun N terminal kinase (JNK) pathway and MMP-3. We hypothesized that elucidating this relationship would lead to novel therapeutic approaches to RA treatment and management. Methods We investigated the effect of administering a low dose (1000 μM or less) of an antioxidant (NAC) to human rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes (MH7A cells). We also investigated the response of antioxidant genes such as nuclear factor erythroid -derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and Sequestosome 1 (p62). The influence of MMP-3 expression on the JNK pathway leading to joint destruction and the mechanisms underlying this relationship were investigated through primary dispersion culture cells collected from the synovial membranes of RA patients, consisting of rheumatoid arthritis-fibroblast-like synoviocytes (RA-FLS). Results Low-dose NAC (1000 μM) increased the expression of Nrf2 and phospho-p62 in MH7A cells, activating antioxidant genes, suppressing the expression of MMP-3, and inhibiting the phosphorylation of JNK. ROS, MMP-3 expression, and IL-6 was suppressed by administering 30 μM of SP600125 (a JNK inhibitor) in MH7A cells. Furthermore, the administration of SP600125 (30 μM) to RA-FLS suppressed MMP-3. Conclusions We demonstrated the existence of an MMP-3 suppression mechanism that utilizes the JNK pathway in RA-FLS. We consider that the JNK pathway could be a target for future RA therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomotake Kanai
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoki Kondo
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Masayasu Okada
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshige Sano
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Go Okumura
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Yasufumi Kijima
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akira Ogose
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Uonuma Institute of Community Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Minami-Uonuma, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kawashima
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
| | - Naoto Endo
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Department of Regenerative and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, Japan
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Vamorolone, a dissociative steroidal compound, reduces collagen antibody-induced joint damage and inflammation when administered after disease onset. Inflamm Res 2019; 68:969-980. [PMID: 31446438 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-019-01279-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The objective of this study was to assess the effect of vamorolone, a first-in-class dissociative steroidal compound, to inhibit inflammation when administered after disease onset in the murine collagen antibody-induced arthritis model of arthritis. ANIMALS 84 DBA1/J mice were used in this study (n = 12 per treatment group). TREATMENT Vamorolone or prednisolone was administered orally after disease onset for a duration of 7 days. METHODS Disease score and bone erosion were assessed using previously described scoring systems. Cytokines were measured in joints via immunoassay, and joint cathepsin B activity (marker of inflammation) was assessed using optical imaging of joints on live mice. RESULTS We found that vamorolone treatment led to a reduction of several disease parameters including disease score, joint inflammation, and the presence of pro-inflammatory mediators to a degree similar of that observed with prednisolone treatment. More importantly, histopathological analysis of affected joints showed that vamorolone treatment significantly reduced the degree of bone erosion while this bone-sparing property was not observed with prednisolone treatment at any of the tested doses. CONCLUSIONS While many intervention regimens in other studies are administered prior to disease onset in animal models, the current study involves delivery of the potential therapeutic after disease onset. Based on the findings, vamorolone may offer an efficacious, yet safer alternative to conventional steroidal compounds in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other inflammatory diseases.
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Kaneshiro K, Sakai Y, Suzuki K, Uchida K, Tateishi K, Terashima Y, Kawasaki Y, Shibanuma N, Yoshida K, Hashiramoto A. Interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-α cooperatively promote cell cycle regulators and proliferate rheumatoid arthritis fibroblast-like synovial cells. Scand J Rheumatol 2019; 48:353-361. [DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2019.1602164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Kaneshiro
- Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Sakai
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - K Suzuki
- Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - K Uchida
- Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - K Tateishi
- Department of Orthopedics, Kohnan Kakogawa Hospital, Kakogawa, Japan
| | - Y Terashima
- Department of Orthopedics, Kohnan Kakogawa Hospital, Kakogawa, Japan
| | - Y Kawasaki
- Department of Rheumatology, Kobe Kaisei Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - N Shibanuma
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kobe Kaisei Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - K Yoshida
- Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - A Hashiramoto
- Department of Biophysics, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
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Ishikawa K, Ishikawa J. Iguratimod, a synthetic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and production of RANKL: Its efficacy, radiographic changes, safety and predictors over two years’ treatment for Japanese rheumatoid arthritis patients. Mod Rheumatol 2018; 29:418-429. [DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2018.1481565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Formyl peptide receptor activation inhibits the expansion of effector T cells and synovial fibroblasts and attenuates joint injury in models of rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2018; 61:140-149. [PMID: 29879657 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2018.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The effects of formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) on effector T cells and inflammation-causing tissue-resident cells are not well known. Here, we explored the effect of FPR activation on efferent T cell responses in models of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and on the expansion of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS). Compound 43 (Cpd43; FPR1/2 agonist) was administered to mice with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) or antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) after disease onset. Joint inflammation/damage and immunity were assessed. FLS were cultured with Cpd43 to test its effects on cell apoptosis and proliferation. To explore the effects of endogenous FPR2 ligands on FLS proliferation, FLS FPR2 was blocked or Annexin A1 (AnxA1) expression silenced. Cpd43 reduced arthritis severity in both models. In CIA, Cpd43 decreased CD4 T cell proliferation and survival and increased the production of the protective cytokine, IFNγ, in lymph nodes. In AIA, Cpd43 increased CD4 apoptosis and production of the anti-inflammatory IL-4, while augmenting the proportion of splenic regulatory T cells and their expression of IL-2Rα. In both models, Cpd43 increased CD4 IL-17A production, without affecting humoral immunity. FPR2 inhibitors reversed Cpd43-mediated effects on AIA and T cell immunity. Cpd43 decreased TNF-induced FLS proliferation and augmented FLS apoptosis in association with intracellular FPR2 accumulation, while endogenous AnxA1 and FPR2 reduced FLS proliferation via the ERK and NFκB pathways. Overall, FPR activation inhibits the expansion of arthritogenic effector CD4 T cells and FLS, and reduces joint injury in experimental arthritis. This suggests the therapeutic potential of FPR ligation for the treatment of RA.
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Zhang Y, Xiang D, Tang B, Zhang CY. Sensitive Detection of Transcription Factor in Nuclear Extracts by Target-Actuated Isothermal Amplification-Mediated Fluorescence Enhancement. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10439-10445. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized
Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory
of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial
Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Dongxue Xiang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized
Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory
of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial
Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Bo Tang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized
Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory
of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial
Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Chun-yang Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Functionalized
Probes for Chemical Imaging in Universities of Shandong, Key Laboratory
of Molecular and Nano Probes, Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial
Key Laboratory of Clean Production of Fine Chemicals, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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Courbon G, Flammier S, Laroche N, Vico L, Marotte H, Coury F. Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Overexpression Induces Mainly Osteoclastogenesis at the Vertebral Site. Calcif Tissue Int 2017; 100:575-584. [PMID: 28289800 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0237-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Syndesmophyte occurrence and axial bone loss were investigated in the heterozygous Tg187 tumor necrosis factor (TNF) transgenic mouse model (Tg-huTNF) of arthritis. Female and male Tg-huTNF mice were compared to wild-type mice (WT) at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks. Syndesmophytes, intervertebral disc space, osteoclasts, osteoid surface, and vertebra microarchitecture were assessed by histomorphometry and microcomputed tomography. No spontaneous syndesmophyte formation was detected in Tg-huTNF compared to WT mice. However, increased porosity was observed mainly in peridiscal lumbar vertebra. Accordingly, bone microarchitecture parameters were altered in Tg-huTNF mice, with decrease in bone volume fraction, and trabecular number and thickness after 6 weeks compared to WT (p < 0.05). Osteoclast count and surface were increased (p < 0.01). Moreover, the non-mineralized (osteoid) surface was also increased in Tg-huTNF after 6 weeks (p < 0.01). Despite increased osteoclast and osteoid surfaces, an imbalance between both was observed in favour of osteoid surface at the early phase and then to osteoclast surface. These results demonstrated an axial bone loss in the Tg-huTNF model, additional to the common limb arthritis, related to overexpression of TNF. However, the absence of syndesmophyte and the increase of osteoid surface suggested that chronic inflammation might block bone mineralisation. Finally, the relative increased osteoid surface was not enough to compensate the high osteoclast activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Courbon
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM, U1059, LBTO, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
- University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Sacha Flammier
- INSERM, UMR1033, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UFR de Médecine Lyon Est, Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France
- University of Lyon I, Lyon, France
| | - Norbert Laroche
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM, U1059, LBTO, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
- University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Laurence Vico
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM, U1059, LBTO, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France
- University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Hubert Marotte
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM, U1059, LBTO, 42023, Saint-Etienne, France.
- University of Lyon, Saint-Etienne, France.
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital of Saint-Etienne, 42055, Saint-Etienne, France.
| | - Fabienne Coury
- INSERM, UMR1033, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UFR de Médecine Lyon Est, Rue Guillaume Paradin, 69372, Lyon Cedex 08, France.
- University of Lyon I, Lyon, France.
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle de Lyon, UMR 5242 CNRS/Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France.
- Department of Rheumatology, Lyon Sud Hospital, Lyon, France.
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The Extract of Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum Ameliorates Collagen-Induced Arthritis in Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:3915013. [PMID: 27840652 PMCID: PMC5093284 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3915013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chrysanthemum zawadskii var. latilobum (CZ) has been used for beverage or tea and also as folk medicine for the remedy of diverse inflammatory diseases. Nevertheless, the therapeutic effect of CZ on arthritis remains to be unknown. In this paper we aim to investigate the CZ's antiarthritic effect and mechanism of action both in vitro and in vivo. To assess CZ's antiarthritic effect, mouse models of type II collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were used. Mice were used to gauge clinical arthritis index and histopathological changes. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), western blotting, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA), and other biological methods were adopted to measure CZ's effect on arthritis and to understand the veiled mechanism of action. CZ greatly suppressed CIA, histopathological score, bone erosion, and osteoclast differentiation. Mechanistically, CZ inhibited the production of various inflammatory and arthritic mediators like inflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and chemokines. Of note, CZ significantly suppressed the activation of the NF-κB pathway in vivo. CZ exerted an antiarthritic effect in CIA mice by curbing the production of crucial inflammatory and arthritis mediators. This study warrants further investigation of CZ for the use in human rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
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Regulation of the Adaptive Immune Response by the IκB Family Protein Bcl-3. Cells 2016; 5:cells5020014. [PMID: 27023613 PMCID: PMC4931663 DOI: 10.3390/cells5020014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bcl-3 is a member of the IκB family of proteins and an important regulator of Nuclear Factor (NF)-κB activity. The ability of Bcl-3 to bind and regulate specific NF-κB dimers has been studied in great depth, but its physiological roles in vivo are still not fully understood. It is, however, becoming clear that Bcl-3 is essential for the proper development, survival and activity of adaptive immune cells. Bcl-3 dysregulation can be observed in a number of autoimmune pathologies, and Bcl3-deficient animals are more susceptible to bacterial and parasitic infection. This review will describe our current understanding of the roles played by Bcl-3 in the development and regulation of the adaptive immune response, including lymphoid organogenesis, immune tolerance, lymphocyte function and dendritic cell biology.
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Imamura H, Yoshina S, Ikari K, Miyazawa K, Momohara S, Mitani S. Impaired NFKBIE gene function decreases cellular uptake of methotrexate by down-regulating SLC19A1 expression in a human rheumatoid arthritis cell line. Mod Rheumatol 2016; 26:507-16. [PMID: 26587663 PMCID: PMC4898165 DOI: 10.3109/14397595.2015.1112481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective: A non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (nsSNP, rs2233434, Val194Ala) in the NFKBIE (nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, epsilon) gene is known to be a rheumatoid arthritis (RA) susceptibility polymorphism in the Japanese RA population and could be closely associated with nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) activity. Inflammation caused by RA is sometimes associated with changes in expression levels of MTX (methotrexate) pathway-related genes. It is of interest to examine whether the NFKBIE gene had any influences on the mode of MTX action. Methods: Both knockdown of NFKBIE gene expression and overexpression of wild-type NFKBIE and Val194Ala mutation were performed. A transfected human RA synovial cell line was cultured and then gene expressions in the MTX pathway were measured. In addition, we measured the uptake and efflux of MTX derivatives under the NFKBIE knockdown condition. Results: Knockdown of NFKBIE reduced the mRNA for SLC19A1, a main MTX membrane transporter, and the intracellular accumulations of MTX derivatives. Moreover, our experiments also confirmed that overexpression of Val194Ala mutant NFKBIE decreased the SLC19A1 mRNA when compared to that of wild-type NFKBIE. Conclusions: We suggest that the impairment of NFKBIE gene function can reduce the uptake of MTX into cells, suggesting that the gene is an important factor for the RA outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Imamura
- a Department of Physiology , Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan .,b Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Sawako Yoshina
- a Department of Physiology , Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Katsunori Ikari
- b Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Keiji Miyazawa
- c Discovery Research III, Research and Development, Kissei Pharmaceutical Company , Nagano , Japan , and
| | - Shigeki Momohara
- b Institute of Rheumatology, Tokyo Women's Medical University , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Shohei Mitani
- a Department of Physiology , Tokyo Women's Medical University School of Medicine , Tokyo , Japan .,d Tokyo Women's Medical University Institute for Integrated Medical Sciences , Tokyo , Japan
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Herrington FD, Carmody RJ, Goodyear CS. Modulation of NF-κB Signaling as a Therapeutic Target in Autoimmunity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 21:223-42. [PMID: 26597958 DOI: 10.1177/1087057115617456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases arise from the loss of tolerance to endogenous self-antigens, resulting in a heterogeneous range of chronic conditions that cause considerable morbidity and mortality worldwide. In Western countries, over 5% of the population is affected by some form of autoimmune disease, with enhanced or inappropriate activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB implicated in a number of these conditions. Although treatment strategies for autoimmunity have improved significantly in recent years, current therapeutics are still not capable of achieving satisfactory disease management in all patients, and as such, the therapeutic modulation of NF-κB is an attractive target in autoimmunity. To date, no NF-κB inhibitors have progressed to the clinic for the treatment of autoimmunity, but a variety of promising approaches targeting multiple stages of the NF-κB pathway are currently being explored. This review focuses on the current strategies being investigated for the inhibition of the NF-κB pathway in autoimmune diseases and considers potential future strategies for the therapeutic targeting of this crucial transcription factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity D Herrington
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ruaidhrí J Carmody
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Glasgow, UK
| | - Carl S Goodyear
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Glasgow, UK GLAZgo Discovery Centre, University of Glasgow, Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Glasgow, UK
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The Role of the Transcriptional Regulation of Stromal Cells in Chronic Inflammation. Biomolecules 2015; 5:2723-57. [PMID: 26501341 PMCID: PMC4693255 DOI: 10.3390/biom5042723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a common process connecting pathologies that vary in their etiology and pathogenesis such as cancer, autoimmune diseases, and infections. The response of the immune system to tissue damage involves a carefully choreographed series of cellular interactions between immune and non-immune cells. In recent years, it has become clear that stromal resident cells have an essential role perpetuating the inflammatory environment and dictating in many cases the outcome of inflammatory based pathologies. Signal transduction pathways remain the main focus of study to understand how stimuli contribute to perpetuating the inflammatory response, mainly due to their potential role as therapeutic targets. However, molecular events orchestrated in the nucleus by transcription factors add additional levels of complexity and may be equally important for understanding the phenotypic differences of activated stromal components during the chronic inflammatory process. In this review, we focus on the contribution of transcription factors to the selective regulation of inducible proinflammatory genes, with special attention given to the regulation of the stromal fibroblastic cell function and response.
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Lou L, Liu Y, Zhou J, Wei Y, Deng J, Dong B, Chai L. Chlorogenic acid and luteolin synergistically inhibit the proliferation of interleukin-1β-induced fibroblast-like synoviocytes through regulating the activation of NF-κB and JAK/STAT-signaling pathways. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2015; 37:499-507. [DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2015.1095763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Urbano PCM, Soccol VT, Azevedo VF. Apoptosis and the FLIP and NF-kappa B proteins as pharmacodynamic criteria for biosimilar TNF-alpha antagonists. Biologics 2014; 8:211-20. [PMID: 25114503 PMCID: PMC4124053 DOI: 10.2147/btt.s57253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Various criteria are necessary to assess the efficacy and safety of biological medications in order to grant companies the right to register these medications with the appropriate bodies that regulate their sale. The imminent expiration of the patents on reference biological products which block the cytokine TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) raises the possibility of bringing so-called biosimilars to the market (similar to the biologicals of reference products). This occurrence is inevitable, but criteria to adequately evaluate these medications are now needed. Even among controversy, there is a demand from publications correlating the pro-apoptotic mechanism of the original TNF-α antagonists (etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab, golimumab, and certolizumab pegol) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and other diseases. In this article, the authors discuss the possibility of utilizing the pro-apoptotic effect correlated with the regulation of the anti-apoptotic proteins FLIP and NF-κB as new criteria for analyzing the pharmacodynamics of possible biosimilar TNF-α antagonists which should be submitted to regulatory agencies for evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulo César Martins Urbano
- Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Program, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Vanete Thomaz Soccol
- Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Program, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
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Bowles RD, Mata BA, Bell RD, Mwangi TK, Huebner JL, Kraus VB, Setton LA. In vivo luminescence imaging of NF-κB activity and serum cytokine levels predict pain sensitivities in a rodent model of osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:637-46. [PMID: 24574224 DOI: 10.1002/art.38279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between NF-κB activity, cytokine levels, and pain sensitivities in a rodent model of osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS OA was induced in transgenic NF-κB-luciferase reporter mice via intraarticular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA). Using luminescence imaging we evaluated the temporal kinetics of NF-κB activity and its relationship to the development of pain sensitivities and serum cytokine levels in this model. RESULTS MIA induced a transient increase in joint-related NF-κB activity at early time points (day 3 after injection) and an associated biphasic pain response (mechanical allodynia). NF-κB activity, serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and IL-10 levels accounted for ∼75% of the variability in pain-related mechanical sensitivities in this model. Specifically, NF-κB activity was strongly correlated with mechanical allodynia and serum IL-6 levels in the inflammatory pain phase of this model (day 3), while serum IL-1β was strongly correlated with pain sensitivities in the chronic pain phase of the model (day 28). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that NF-κB activity, IL-6, and IL-1β may play distinct roles in pain sensitivity development in this model of arthritis and may distinguish the acute pain phase from the chronic pain phase. This study establishes luminescence imaging of NF-κB activity as a novel imaging biomarker of pain sensitivities in this model of OA.
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Inoue H, Arai Y, Kishida T, Shin-Ya M, Terauchi R, Nakagawa S, Saito M, Tsuchida S, Inoue A, Shirai T, Fujiwara H, Mazda O, Kubo T. Sonoporation-mediated transduction of siRNA ameliorated experimental arthritis using 3 MHz pulsed ultrasound. ULTRASONICS 2014; 54:874-881. [PMID: 24291002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2013.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Revised: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this feasibility study was to examine whether sonoporation assisted transduction of siRNA could be used to ameliorate arthritis locally. If successful, such approach could provide an alternative treatment for the patients that have or gradually develop adverse response to chemical drugs. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) produced by synovial fibroblasts has an important role in the pathology of rheumatoid arthritis, inducing inflammation and bone destruction. In this study, we injected a mixture of microbubbles and siRNA targeting TNF-α (siTNF) into the articular joints of rats, and transduced siTNF into synovial tissue by exposure to a collimated ultrasound beam, applied through a probe 6mm in diameter with an input frequency of 3.0 MHz, an output intensity of 2.0 W/cm(2) (spatial average temporary peak; SATP), a pulse duty ratio of 50%, and a duration of 1 min. Sonoporation increased skin temperature from 26.8 °C to 27.3 °C, but there were no adverse effect such as burns. The mean level of TNF-α expression in siTNF-treated knee joints was 55% of those in controls. Delivery of siTNF into the knee joints every 3 days (i.e., 7, 10, 13, and 16 days after immunization) by in vivo sonoporation significantly reduced paw swelling on days 20-23 after immunization. Radiographic scores in the siTNF group were 56% of those in the CIA group and 61% of those in the siNeg group. Histological examination showed that the number of TNF-α positive cells was significantly lower in areas of pannus invasion into the ankle joints of siTNF- than of siNeg-treated rats. These results indicate that transduction of siTNF into articular synovium using sonoporation may be an effective local therapy for arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Inoue
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yuji Arai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
| | - Tsunao Kishida
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Masaharu Shin-Ya
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Ryu Terauchi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shuji Nakagawa
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Masazumi Saito
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Shinji Tsuchida
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Atsuo Inoue
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Shirai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takaramachi, Kanazawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Fujiwara
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Osam Mazda
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Kubo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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Nakajima T, Aratani S, Nakazawa M, Hirose T, Fujita H, Nishioka K. Implications of transcriptional coactivator CREB binding protein complexes in rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/s10165-003-0258-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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22
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Inoue A, Takahashi KA, Mazda O, Arai Y, Saito M, Kishida T, Shin-Ya M, Morihara T, Tonomura H, Sakao K, Imanishi J, Kubo T. Comparison of anti-rheumatic effects of local RNAi-based therapy in collagen induced arthritis rats using various cytokine genes as molecular targets. Mod Rheumatol 2014. [DOI: 10.3109/s10165-008-0131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuo Inoue
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine,
465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Kyoto First Red Cross Hospital,
Kyoto 605-0981, Japan
| | - Kenji A. Takahashi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine,
465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Osam Mazda
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine,
465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Yuji Arai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine,
465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Masazumi Saito
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine,
465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Tsunao Kishida
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine,
465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research,
Kyoto 606-8225, Japan
| | - Masaharu Shin-Ya
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine,
465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toru Morihara
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine,
465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Tonomura
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine,
465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Kei Sakao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine,
465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Jiro Imanishi
- Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine,
465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Kubo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine,
465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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Nishida K, Doi T, Inoue H. The role of nitric oxide in arthritic joints: a therapeutic target? Mod Rheumatol 2014; 10:63-7. [DOI: 10.3109/s101650050001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Hirano F, Kobayashi A, Hirano Y, Nomura Y, Fukawa E, Makino I. Nuclear factor-κB regulates RANTES chemokine expression in response to tumor necrosis factor-α in fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Mod Rheumatol 2014; 12:37-43. [DOI: 10.3109/s101650200006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kong S, Yeung P, Fang D. The class III histone deacetylase sirtuin 1 in immune suppression and its therapeutic potential in rheumatoid arthritis. J Genet Genomics 2013; 40:347-54. [PMID: 23876775 PMCID: PMC4007159 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2013.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic debilitating disease of the joints. Both the innate and adaptive immune responses participate in the development and progression of RA. While several therapeutic reagents, such as TNF-α agonists, have been successfully developed for the clinical use in the treatment of RA, more than half of the patients do not respond to anti-TNF therapy. Therefore, new therapeutic reagents are needed. Recent studies have shown that sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent histone deacetylase, is a critical negative regulator of both the innate and adaptive immune response in mice, and its altered functions are likely to be involved in autoimmune diseases. Small molecules that modulate Sirt1 functions are potential therapeutic reagents for autoimmune inflammatory diseases. This review highlights the role of Sirt1 in immune regulation and RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinyi Kong
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Pricilla Yeung
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Deyu Fang
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Ave, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Tsuchida S, Arai Y, Kishida T, Takahashi KA, Honjo K, Terauchi R, Inoue H, Oda R, Mazda O, Kubo T. Silencing the expression of connexin 43 decreases inflammation and joint destruction in experimental arthritis. J Orthop Res 2013; 31:525-30. [PMID: 23165424 DOI: 10.1002/jor.22263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to determine whether the expression of connexin 43 (Cx43) effected on inflammatory conditions in rat fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and on rat model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The expression of Cx43 in rat FLS stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The effects of small-interfering RNA targeting Cx43 (siCx43) on pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokine were assessed by real-time RT-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The therapeutic and side effects of siCx43 in a rat model of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were examined by in vivo electroporation method. LPS markedly enhanced Cx43 gene expression in rat FLS, with transfection of siCx43 suppressing the over-expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and the chemokine. Treatment of CIA rats with siCx43 significantly ameliorated paw swelling, and significantly reduced histological arthritis scores and radiographic scores. In histological appearance of rat ankle joints, siCx43 treatment significantly decreased the number of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive (osteoclast-like) cells. These findings indicated that siCx43 had anti-inflammatory effects in rat FLS and efficiently inhibited the development of CIA. Cx43 may play an important role in the pathophysiology of RA, and may be a potential target molecule for novel RA therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Tsuchida
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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Cao A, Zhang CY. Real-Time Detection of Transcription Factors Using Target-Converted Helicase-Dependent Amplification Assay with Zero-Background Signal. Anal Chem 2013; 85:2543-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ac400010r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anping Cao
- Single-Molecule Detection and Imaging Laboratory, Shenzhen
Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Chun-yang Zhang
- Single-Molecule Detection and Imaging Laboratory, Shenzhen
Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangdong 518055, China
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Yoon HK, Byun HS, Lee H, Jeon J, Lee Y, Li Y, Jin EH, Kim J, Hong JH, Kim JH, Seok JH, Kang SW, Lee WH, Hur GM. Intron-derived aberrant splicing of A20 transcript in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012; 52:427-37. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Kim JY, Lee EY, Lee EB, Lee YJ, Yoo HJ, Choi J, Song YW. Atorvastatin inhibits osteoclastogenesis by decreasing the expression of RANKL in the synoviocytes of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2012; 14:R187. [PMID: 22901757 PMCID: PMC3580583 DOI: 10.1186/ar4018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Statins, hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase inhibitors, have been reported to have antiinflammatory and/or immunomodulatory effects and prophylactic and therapeutic effects in collagen-induced arthritis, an experimental model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The authors undertook to determine the effect of atorvastatin on the expressions of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) in RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs), to identify the mechanisms responsible for these effects, and to determine whether the statin inhibits osteoclastogenesis. Methods FLSs isolated from five RA patients were cultured in the presence of 20 ng/ml of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) with or without atorvastatin. RANKL expressions were assayed with Western blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RANKL, RANK, and OPG expression were assayed with reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Osteoclast formation was assayed by counting cells after staining for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase in cocultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and RA FLSs. Results Atorvastatin inhibited the expression of RANKL in RA FLSs in a dose-dependent manner, and the suppression of RANKL was prevented by mevalonate. However, OPG expression was not affected by atorvastatin in RA FLSs, and atorvastatin did not affect RANK expression in CD14+ cells. Conversely, atorvastatin suppressed TNF-α-induced p38 phosphorylation in RA FLSs and significantly reduced TRAP-positive multinucleated osteoclast formation in the coculture of PBMCs and RA FLSs. Conclusion These results suggest that atorvastatin inhibits osteoclastogenesis and bone destruction in RA patients.
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Takeshita M, Nakamura J, Ohtori S, Inoue G, Orita S, Miyagi M, Ishikawa T, Takahashi K. Sensory innervation and inflammatory cytokines in hypertrophic synovia associated with pain transmission in osteoarthritis of the hip: a case-control study. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012; 51:1790-5. [PMID: 22772321 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To clarify the sensory innervation and inflammatory cytokines in hypertrophic synovia associated with pain transmission in OA of the hip. METHODS A piece of the synovium was extracted during reconstruction surgery in 50 patients with OA of the hip as an inflammatory synovium and in 12 patients with femoral neck fracture as a normal synovium. Each sample was immersed in fixative solution, sectioned on a cryostat, and then processed for immunohistochemistry using antibodies as follows: neuron-specific class III β-tubulin (TuJ-1) as a general marker for nerve fibres, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) for sensory nerve fibres, nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) for the protein complex controlling the transcription of DNA in cellular responses to painful stimuli, and TNF-α for cytokines involved in acute inflammation. The number of immunopositive cells and fibres were counted using a fluorescence microscope. RESULTS In the inflammatory synovium of OA of the hip, TuJ-1 was positive in 46% (23 hips). Of those positive for TuJ-1, 78% (18 hips) were also positive for CGRP, but 22% (5 hips) were negative for CGRP. NF-κB was positive in 68% (34 hips). Of those positive for NF-κB, 76% (26 hips) were also positive for TNF-α, but 24% (8 hips) were negative for TNF-α. In normal synovia, all four substances were negative. CONCLUSION We suggest sensory innervation and inflammatory cytokines in hypertrophic synovia are associated with nociception in OA of the hip. TRIAL REGISTRATION University Hospital Medical Information Network, www.umin.ac.jp, UMIN000001335.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munenori Takeshita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
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Abstract
Although the level of heat shock protein (Hsp72) has been shown to be enhanced in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissues and RA synovial fluid, it remains unclear what role extracellular Hsp72 plays in the pathogenesis of RA. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of recombinant human Hsp72 on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) when administered therapeutically and elucidate its underlying mechanism. We demonstrated that recombinant Hsp72 significantly reduced disease severity. Hsp72-treated animals displayed significantly less cartilage and bone destruction than that in the controls. Hsp72 treatment also reduced the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 in the sera. Furthermore, Hsp72 treatment significantly inhibited activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in synovial tissues of CIA mice. These findings suggest that recombinant Hsp72 effectively suppressed synovial inflammation and the development and progress of CIA, which is mediated through the reduction of production of proinflammatory cytokines and the suppression of activation of NF-κB pathway.
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Chen DP, Wong CK, Leung PC, Fung KP, Lau CBS, Lau CP, Li EKM, Tam LS, Lam CWK. Anti-inflammatory activities of Chinese herbal medicine sinomenine and Liang Miao San on tumor necrosis factor-α-activated human fibroblast-like synoviocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:457-68. [PMID: 21679760 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2010] [Revised: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/10/2011] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Sinomenine, an alkaloid isolated from the root of Sinomenium acutum, has been used to alleviate the symptoms of rheumatic diseases. Liang Miao San (LMS), composed of the herbs Rhizoma Atractylodis (Cangzhu) and Cotex Phellodendri (Huangbai), is another traditional Chinese medicine formula for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment. Although numerous studies have demonstrated the potential anti-inflammatory activities of sinomenine and LMS, the underlying intracellular mechanisms regulating the anti-inflammatory activities of sinomenine and LMS on human primary fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from RA patients and normal control subjects have not been elucidated. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity of sinomenine and LMS on inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-mediated activation of human normal and RA-FLS. The underlying intracellular signaling molecules were analyzed quantitatively using flow cytometry. RESULTS Sinomenine was found to significantly inhibit TNF-α induced cell surface expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 and release of inflammatory cytokine and chemokine IL-6, CCL2 and CXCL8 from both normal and RA-FLS (all p<0.05). Moreover, the suppression of sinomenine on TNF-α induced VCAM-1 expression and IL-6 release of RA-FLS was significantly higher than that of normal FLS (p<0.05). LMS significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced inflammatory chemokines CXCL10 and CCL5 release from both normal and RA-FLS, with significantly higher suppression on CXCL10 secretion in RA-FLS than that of normal FLS (all p<0.05). Further investigations showed that sinomenine and LMS could significantly suppress TNF-α-induced phosphorylation of inhibitor κBα and extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase, the central signaling molecules mediating TNF-α-induced VCAM-1 expression and chemokine production. CONCLUSION Our results therefore provide a new insight into the differential anti-inflammatory activities of sinomenine and LMS through the suppression of TNF-α-activated FLS by modulating distinct intracellular signaling pathways in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Peng Chen
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong
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Yasuda T. Hyaluronan inhibits Akt, leading to nuclear factor-κB down-regulation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated U937 macrophages. J Pharmacol Sci 2011; 115:509-15. [PMID: 21422731 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.10244fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) of high molecular weight is used in the treatment of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis by intra-articular injection. While HA has been shown to suppress nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation by proinflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), intracellular upstream events that cause NF-κB down-regulation in response to HA remain unclear. Thus, this study was performed to investigate the involvement of phosphoinositide-3-OH kinase (PI3K)/Akt in the inhibition of the LPS-activated NF-κB pathway by HA in U937 macrophages. In adherent U937 macrophage cultures, pretreatment with HA of 2700 kDa (1 mg/ml, 1 h) significantly inhibited interleukin-6 (IL-6) production by LPS (200 ng/ml, 24 h)-stimulated U937 cells. LPS (200 ng/ml) activated Akt and NF-κB, whereas HA (1 mg/ml) down-regulated LPS-stimulated phosphorylation of Akt and NF-κB. Inhibition studies using LY294002 (20 µM) revealed the requirement of the PI3K/Akt pathway for LPS-stimulated IL-6 production and NF-κB activation. Pretreatment with anti-intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) antibody (20 µg/ml) reversed the inhibitory effects of HA on LPS-induced production of IL-6 and activation of Akt and NF-κB. Herein, we provided the first evidence that HA suppresses the LPS-activated PI3K/Akt pathway, leading to down-regulation of NF-κB with diminished IL-6 production through interaction with ICAM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Yasuda
- Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Budo and Sports Studies, Tenri University, Japan.
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Ma DL, Xu T, Chan DSH, Man BYW, Fong WF, Leung CH. A highly selective, label-free, homogenous luminescent switch-on probe for the detection of nanomolar transcription factor NF-kappaB. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 39:e67. [PMID: 21398636 PMCID: PMC3105395 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors are involved in a number of important cellular processes. The transcription factor NF-κB has been linked with a number of cancers, autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. As a result, monitoring transcription factors potentially represents a means for the early detection and prevention of diseases. Most methods for transcription factor detection tend to be tedious and laborious and involve complicated sample preparation, and are not practical for routine detection. We describe herein the first label-free luminescence switch-on detection method for transcription factor activity using Exonuclease III and a luminescent ruthenium complex, [Ru(phen)2(dppz)]2+. As a proof of concept for this novel assay, we have designed a double-stranded DNA sequence bearing two NF-κB binding sites. The results show that the luminescence response was proportional to the concentration of the NF-κB subunit p50 present in the sample within a wide concentration range, with a nanomolar detection limit. In the presence of a known NF-κB inhibitor, oridonin, a reduction in the luminescence response of the ruthenium complex was observed. The reduced luminescence response of the ruthenium complex in the presence of small molecule inhibitors allows the assay to be applied to the high-throughput screening of chemical libraries to identify new antagonists of transcription factor DNA binding activity. This will allow the rapid and low cost identification and development of novel scaffolds for the treatment of diseases caused by the deregulation of transcription factor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dik-Lung Ma
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China.
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Yannaki E, Papadopoulou A, Athanasiou E, Kaloyannidis P, Paraskeva A, Bougiouklis D, Palladas P, Yiangou M, Anagnostopoulos A. The proteasome inhibitor bortezomib drastically affects inflammation and bone disease in adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:3277-88. [PMID: 20722034 DOI: 10.1002/art.27690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of bortezomib in splenocytes and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) and its in vivo potency in a rat model of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA), which resembles human rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS AIA was induced with Freund's complete adjuvant. Splenocyte and FLS proliferation and apoptosis were measured by radioactivity incorporation and flow cytometry, respectively. The invasiveness of FLS from rats with AIA was tested in a Transwell system. The pattern of cytokine secretion was evaluated by cytometric bead array in splenocyte supernatants. Bortezomib was administered prophylactically or therapeutically, and arthritis was assessed clinically and histologically. Immunohistochemistry was performed for markers of inflammation and angiogenesis in joints. Hematologic and biochemical parameters were tested in peripheral blood (PB). Representative animals were examined by computed tomography (CT) scanning before and after bortezomib administration. The expression of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR-2), TLR-3, and TLR-4 in PB and FLS was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and alterations in specific cell populations in PB and spleen were determined by flow cytometry. RESULTS In vitro, bortezomib exhibited significant inhibitory and proapoptotic activity in splenocytes and FLS from rats with AIA, altered the inflammatory cytokine pattern, and reduced the invasiveness of FLS from rats with AIA. In vivo, bortezomib significantly ameliorated disease severity. Remission was associated with improved histology and decreased expression of CD3, CD79a, CD11b, cyclooxygenase 1, and factor VIII in target tissues as well as down-regulation of TLR expression in PB and cultured FLS. CT scanning demonstrated a bone healing effect after treatment. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that bortezomib affects AIA in a pleiotropic manner and that this drug may be effective in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Yannaki
- George Papanicolaou Hospital, Gene and Cell Therapy Center, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Cavalcante LO, Melo MR, Dinis VG, Castro RB, Souza BDB, Longui CA. Quantitation of glucocorticoid receptor alpha and NF-κB pathway mRNA and its correlation with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients. GENETICS AND MOLECULAR RESEARCH 2010; 9:2300-10. [PMID: 21128210 DOI: 10.4238/vol9-4gmr970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
We measured NF-κB, IKK, c-Fos, and GRα mRNA expression and in vivo glucocorticoid sensitivity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. A very low dose intravenous dexamethasone suppression test and real-time PCR quantitation of mRNA of these genes were performed on blood samples from 21 rheumatoid arthritis patients who were not on glucocorticoids during the previous four months and on blood samples from 20 healthy individuals. Mean rheumatoid arthritis duration was 8.8 years, and mean disease activity, as assessed by Disease Activity Score 28 (DAS28), was 4.45. Basal cortisol and the percentage of cortisol reduction after the very low dose intravenous dexamethasone suppression test, as well as NF-κB, IKK, c-Fos, and GRα mRNA expression, were similar among groups. We did not observe significant correlations between glucocorticoid in vivo sensitivity and DAS28. There was a positive correlation between DAS28 and NF-κB, IKK, and GRα, but not c-Fos. In the multivariate analysis, only NF-κB mRNA remained as an independent variable for predicting DAS28.
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Affiliation(s)
- L O Cavalcante
- Disciplina de Reumatologia, Medicina Interna, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Zhou Y, Zuo X, Li Y, Wang Y, Zhao H, Xiao X. Nicotine inhibits tumor necrosis factor-α induced IL-6 and IL-8 secretion in fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2010; 32:97-104. [DOI: 10.1007/s00296-010-1549-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Accepted: 07/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Amarilyo G, Verbovetski I, Atallah M, Grau A, Wiser G, Gil O, Ben-Neriah Y, Mevorach D. iC3b-opsonized apoptotic cells mediate a distinct anti-inflammatory response and transcriptional NF-kappaB-dependent blockade. Eur J Immunol 2010; 40:699-709. [PMID: 20039295 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200838951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, it has become apparent that the removal of apoptotic cells by macrophages and DC is not only noninflammatory, but also immune-inhibitory, in most although not all circumstances. Complement may be involved in the uptake of apoptotic cells via direct binding of bridging factors in some physiological circumstances, by opsonization and engagement of the complement receptors. In the current study, we use a complement-dependent system of apoptotic cell clearance by human-derived macrophages and DC. Using a luciferase reporter gene and measuring immune response to non-opsonic zymosan, we show that iC3b-apoptotic cells induce NF-kappaB inhibition in response to zymosan and LPS at the nuclear translocation, transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels, leading to profound inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, interaction with iC3b-opsonized apoptotic cells is characterized by macrophage secretion of IL-10 and lack of TGF-beta secretion. In conclusion, in cells with iC3b receptors, opsonized apoptotic cells mediate a distinct anti-inflammatory response and transcriptional NF-kappaB-dependent blockage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gil Amarilyo
- The Laboratory for Cellular and Molecular Immunology and Rheumatology Research Center, Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel.
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Yasuda T. Hyaluronan Inhibits Prostaglandin E2 Production via CD44 in U937 Human Macrophages. TOHOKU J EXP MED 2010; 220:229-35. [DOI: 10.1620/tjem.220.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Yasuda
- Department of Sports Medicine, Faculty of Budo and Sport Studies, Tenri University
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Tas SW, Vervoordeldonk MJBM, Tak PP. Gene therapy targeting nuclear factor-kappaB: towards clinical application in inflammatory diseases and cancer. Curr Gene Ther 2009; 9:160-70. [PMID: 19519361 PMCID: PMC2864453 DOI: 10.2174/156652309788488569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear factor (NF)-κB is regarded as one of the most important transcription factors and plays an essential role in the transcriptional activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, cell proliferation and survival. NF-κB can be activated via two distinct NF-κB signal transduction pathways, the so-called canonical and non-canonical pathways, and has been demonstrated to play a key role in a wide range of inflammatory diseases and various types of cancer. Much effort has been put in strategies to inhibit NF-κB activation, for example by the development of pharmacological compounds that selectively inhibit NF-κB activity and therefore would be beneficial for immunotherapy of transplantation, autoimmune and allergic diseases, as well as an adjuvant approach in patients treated with chemotherapy for cancer. Gene therapy targeting NF-κB is a promising new strategy with the potential of long-term effects and has been explored in a wide variety of diseases, ranging from cancer to transplantation medicine and autoimmune diseases. In this review we discuss recent progress made in the development of NF-κB targeted gene therapy and the evolution towards clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander W Tas
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Tomita T, Kunugiza Y, Nomura K, Morimoto D, Kuroda S, Yoshikawa H. [Application of NFkappaB inhibitor for arthritis]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 32:71-6. [PMID: 19404004 DOI: 10.2177/jsci.32.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in DNA technologies has provided the strategies to regulate the transcription of disease-related genes in vivo using antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN). Transfection of cis-element double-stranded oligodeoxynucleotides (decoy ODNs) has been reported as a new therapeutic tool of anti-gene strategies for gene therapy. In the field of arthritis, decoy ODNs strategies have been significant therapeutic potential. The concept of regulation the disease related gene expression at the level of transcriptional factor may be more therapeutic effects compared with monotherapy in arthritis. Injection of NFkappaB decoy ODN into the affected joint resulted in marked suppression of joint destruction in CIA models. In vitro studies demonstrated that the inhibitory effect on inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinase production from stimulated synovial cells derived from rheumatoid arthritis patients. NFkappaB decoy ODN inhibited induction of osteoclasts and bone resorption ability. Parthenolide is one of the main sesquiterpense lactones responsible for the bioactivities of feverfew and recently reported to inhibit NFkappaB activation. Parthenolide has ameliorated the severity of joint destruction in experimental animal model. Based upon these findings, NFkappaB may be one of important therapeutic target for arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Tomita
- Department of Orthopaedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine
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Nakagawa S, Arai Y, Mori H, Matsushita Y, Kubo T, Nakanishi T. Small interfering RNA targeting CD81 ameliorated arthritis in rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2009; 388:467-72. [PMID: 19580788 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.06.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
CD81 belongs to a family of cell-surface protein (tetraspanin) known as one of the up-regulated elements in rheumatoid arthritis synoviocytes. In this study, the therapeutic effect of small interfering RNA targeting CD81 (siCD81) was examined by in vivo electroporation method. Treatment with siCD81 significantly ameliorated paw swelling of collagen-induced arthritic (CIA) rats. In histological examination, hypertrophy of synovium, bone erosion, and degeneration of articular cartilage were milder in rats treated with siCD81 than in the control group and the non-specific siRNA group. Expression of synoviolin, a rheumatoid regulator, was suppressed by siCD81. Thus, therapeutic intervention by targeting CD81 may be used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuji Nakagawa
- Department of Orthopaedics, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
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Xu J, Wu HF, Ang ES, Yip K, Woloszyn M, Zheng MH, Tan RX. NF-κB modulators in osteolytic bone diseases. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2009; 20:7-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2008.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Comparison of anti-rheumatic effects of local RNAi-based therapy in collagen induced arthritis rats using various cytokine genes as molecular targets. Mod Rheumatol 2008; 19:125-33. [PMID: 19030778 DOI: 10.1007/s10165-008-0131-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) provides a powerful means of sequence-specific gene silencing. Several studies show that RNAi may provide promising strategies to treat human diseases by suppressing disease responsible genes in vivo. In locomotor diseases, the progression of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is suppressed by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivered into the joint. The aim of this study, is to compare the effects of intraarticularly administered siRNAs targeting TNF-alpha, interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) on CIA in rats. We confirmed that the silencing effects of siRNA duplexes specific for rat TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6 and RANKL in vitro. Each siRNA was also delivered into the knee joint of CIA rats by the in vivo electroporation method 7, 10, 13 and 16 days after immunization with collagen. Local delivery of TNF-alpha or IL-1beta-specific siRNA ameliorated CIA in rats effectively at the gross morphological, radiographical and histological evaluations. Our results suggested that TNF-alpha and IL-1beta were the cytokines to be targeted in the joint for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The in vivo siRNA transfection method may be useful for selection of target molecules to be silenced for treatment of joint diseases.
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Jackson C, Whitmont K, Tritton S, March L, Sambrook P, Xue M. New therapeutic applications for the anticoagulant, activated protein C. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2008; 8:1109-22. [PMID: 18613763 DOI: 10.1517/14712598.8.8.1109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activated protein C (APC) is derived from its precursor, protein C (PC). Originally thought to be synthesised exclusively by the liver, recent reports have shown that PC is also produced by endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, keratinocytes and some leukocytes. OBJECTIVE To provide an update on the emerging therapeutic effects of APC. RESULTS/CONCLUSION APC functions as an anticoagulant with cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory and antiapoptotic properties. In vitro and preclinical data have revealed that APC exerts its protective effects via an intriguing mechanism requiring endothelial protein C receptor and protease activated receptor-1. Approved as a therapeutic agent for severe sepsis, APC is emerging as a potential treatment for a number of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases including spinal cord injury, asthma, chronic wounds and possibly rheumatoid arthritis. The future therapeutic uses of APC look very promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Jackson
- Institute of Bone and Joint Research, Kolling Institute, Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratories, Department of Rheumatology, University of Sydney at Royal North Shore Hospital, 2065 Australia.
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Luo X, Zuo X, Zhou Y, Zhang B, Shi Y, Liu M, Wang K, McMillian DR, Xiao X. Extracellular heat shock protein 70 inhibits tumour necrosis factor-alpha induced proinflammatory mediator production in fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 10:R41. [PMID: 18410682 PMCID: PMC2453760 DOI: 10.1186/ar2399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2007] [Revised: 02/27/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction It was recently suggested that heat shock protein (HSP)70, an intracellular protein, is a potential mediator of inflammatory disease when it is released into the extracellular compartment. Although elevated HSP70 levels have been identified in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissues and RA synovial fluid compared with patients with osteoarthritis and healthy individuals, it remains unclear what role extracellular HSP70 plays in the pathogenesis of RA. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of extracellular HSP70 on the production of RA-associated cytokines in fibroblast-like synoviocytes from patients with RA and to elucidate the mechanisms involved. Methods IL-6, IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 levels in culture supernatants were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), such as extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases (ERKs), c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK, was detected using Western blotting. Nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and degradation of the inhibitory protein IκBα were examined using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. Results Human HSP70 downregulated IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 production in RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes induced by tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α in a concentration dependent manner. HSP70 inhibited the activation of ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK in fibroblast-like synoviocytes stimulated by TNF-α. Furthermore, HSP70 also significantly inhibited nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB and degradation of IκBα induced by TNF-α. Conclusion Extracellular HSP70 has an anti-inflammatory effect on RA by downregulating production of IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 in fibroblast-like synoviocytes, which is mediated through inhibited activation of the MAPKs and NF-κB signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjing Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410008, China.
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB), is a pivotal transcription factor involved in the activation of the TNF-alpha and IL-1beta genes. Activation of NF-kappaB in synovial cells is a feature seen in arthritis patients. Resveratrol, a polyphenolic, natural phytoalexin found with particularly high levels in grape skin and red wine is potent and specific inhibitor of TNF-alpha and IL-1beta induced NF-kappaB activation. We aimed to determine the in vivo effects of intra-articular injections of resveratrol on cartilage and synovium in an experimental rabbit inflammatory arthritis model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Arthritis was induced by intra-articular injection of three times of 50 mug lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at day 0, 4 and 8 at 4-day intervals into the knee joints of rabbits. To the test group, 10 muMol/kg resveratrol in the DMSO was injected in the knees at day 0 and then it was continued once daily for 2 weeks. To the control group the same time and amount of DMSO was injected the knees of rabbits. All rabbits were killed 1 week after the last injection and cartilage tissue and synovium were evaluated with semiquantitative scoring histologically. RESULTS According to control group in the resveratrol group, significantly decreased cartilage destruction was determined by H&E staining (p = 0.04). Loss of matrix proteoglycan content in the cartilage was much lower, as determined by safranin O staining (p = 0.03). We also observed marked synovial inflammation after intra-articular injection to control knees, but not in the resveratrol treated group knees (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION This study suggests that intra-articular injection of resveratrol may protect cartilage against the development of experimentally induced IA.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/therapeutic use
- Arthritis, Experimental/chemically induced
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Experimental/prevention & control
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/chemically induced
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/prevention & control
- Cartilage/chemistry
- Cartilage/drug effects
- Cartilage/pathology
- Female
- Injections, Intra-Articular
- Knee Joint/chemistry
- Knee Joint/drug effects
- Knee Joint/pathology
- Lipopolysaccharides
- Proteoglycans/analysis
- Rabbits
- Resveratrol
- Stilbenes/administration & dosage
- Stilbenes/pharmacology
- Stilbenes/therapeutic use
- Synovial Membrane/drug effects
- Synovial Membrane/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- N Elmali
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Inönü University Medical Faculty, 44069 Malatya, Turkey.
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48
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Ke J, Long X, Liu Y, Zhang YF, Li J, Fang W, Meng QG. Role of NF-kappaB in TNF-alpha-induced COX-2 expression in synovial fibroblasts from human TMJ. J Dent Res 2007; 86:363-7. [PMID: 17384033 DOI: 10.1177/154405910708600412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) synovium, cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression has been believed to be directly related to joint pain and synovitis. Here we investigated the role of Nuclear Factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) in the regulation of COX-2 expression in synovial fibroblasts from human TMJ induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). By reverse-transcriptase/polymerase chain-reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting analysis, TNF-alpha induced a dose- and time-dependent increase in COX-2 expression. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) revealed that transient NF-kappaB activation in the COX-2 promoter was triggered by TNF-alpha. In parallel with transient NF-kappaB activation, the rapid translocation of NF-kappaB, particularly the p65 subunit, from the cytoplasm into the nucleus was demonstrated. Pre-treatment with pyrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), one of the NF-kappaB inhibitors, prevented binding to the COX-2 promoter and expression of COX-2 protein in response to TNF-alpha. These findings indicate that activation of NF-kappaB is responsible for TNF-alpha-induced COX-2 expression in synovial fibroblasts from the TMJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ke
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering, Ministry of Education, PR China
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49
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Wakamatsu K, Nanki T, Miyasaka N, Umezawa K, Kubota T. Effect of a small molecule inhibitor of nuclear factor-kappaB nuclear translocation in a murine model of arthritis and cultured human synovial cells. Arthritis Res Ther 2005; 7:R1348-59. [PMID: 16277688 PMCID: PMC1297584 DOI: 10.1186/ar1834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2005] [Revised: 08/30/2005] [Accepted: 09/02/2005] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A small cell-permeable compound, dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ), does not inhibit phosphorylation and degradation of IκB (inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB [NF-κB]) but selectively inhibits nuclear translocation of activated NF-κB. This study aimed to demonstrate the antiarthritic effect of this novel inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway in vivo in a murine arthritis model and in vitro in human synovial cells. Collagen-induced arthritis was induced in mice, and after onset of arthritis the mice were treated with DHMEQ (5 mg/kg body weight per day). Using fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) cell lines established from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), NF-κB activity was examined by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. The expression of molecules involved in RA pathogenesis was determined by RT-PCR, ELISA, and flow cytometry. The proliferative activity of the cells was estimated with tritiated thymidine incorporation. After 14 days of treatment with DHMEQ, mice with collagen-induced arthritis exhibited decreased severity of arthritis, based on the degree of paw swelling, the number of swollen joints, and radiographic and histopathologic scores, compared with the control mice treated with vehicle alone. In RA FLS stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α, activities of NF-κB components p65 and p50 were inhibited by DHMEQ, leading to suppressed expression of the key inflammatory cytokine IL-6, CC chemokine ligand-2 and -5, matrix metalloproteinase-3, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. The proliferative activity of the cells was also suppressed. This is the first demonstration of an inhibitor of NF-κB nuclear translocation exhibiting a therapeutic effect on established murine arthritis, and suppression of inflammatory mediators in FLS was thought to be among the mechanisms underlying such an effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Wakamatsu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nanki
- Department of Medicine and Rheumatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Miyasaka
- Department of Medicine and Rheumatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Umezawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kubota
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
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50
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Onyango IG, Tuttle JB, Bennett JP. Activation of p38 and N-acetylcysteine-sensitive c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase signaling cascades is required for induction of apoptosis in Parkinson's disease cybrids. Mol Cell Neurosci 2005; 28:452-61. [PMID: 15737736 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2004.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2003] [Revised: 10/08/2004] [Accepted: 10/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytoplasmic hybrid cells (cybrids) are created by selective amplification of mitochondrial genes against constant nuclear genetic and environmental backgrounds. Cybrids from patients with sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) recapitulate disease features such as decreased complex I activity, increased oxidative stress, elevated activation of NF-kappaB, and production of Lewy body inclusions. We examined the activation of signaling pathways and NF-kappaB in PD cybrids after exposure to MAPK inhibitors and/or the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Under basal replicating conditions, PD cybrids have decreased viability that is associated with increased DNA condensation and poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage as well as elevated p38 and JNK activity. Pharmacological inhibition of oxidative stress diminished the elevated p38, JNK activity and PARP cleavage, and enhanced PD cybrid viability. PD mitochondrial genes expressed in cybrids stimulate pro-apoptotic cell signaling and biochemistry through oxidative stress. These results support development of antioxidative therapeutics for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac G Onyango
- Center for the Study of Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.
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