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Chmielińska M, Olesińska M, Felis-Giemza A, Paradowska-Gorycka A, Palej K, Rejmer-Szcześniak J, Szukiewicz D. Predictors of treatment failure of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients with axial spondyloarthritis with focus on haptoglobin, haptoglobin polymorphism and zonulin. Rheumatol Int 2024; 44:483-495. [PMID: 37847388 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-023-05484-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
According to the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society-European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology (ASAS-EULAR) recommendations for the management of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA), patients should undergo at least two courses of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) therapy. In our study, we enrolled axSpA patients both at onset and in a flare who had already been treated with NSAIDs ineffectively. Subsequently, according to the recommendations, they received modified NSAID treatment as another attempt to the first-line drug therapy and were monitored from there. We aimed to identify risk factors for treatment failure after 4 weeks (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) score ≥ 4) especially amongst zonulin and haptoglobin concentrations, and haptoglobin polymorphism. Treatment failure was observed in 71% of patients, and the following variables were contributed for occurrence of this state: higher zonulin levels, ankylosing spondylitis, X-ray sacroiliitis, magnetic resonance imaging sacroiliitis, long duration of symptoms, high BASDAI, and high value of spinal pain intensity on visual analogue scale. In addition, the following positive correlations were found: haptoglobin concentration with C-reactive protein (r = 0.56; p = 0.0004), and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r = 0.62; p < 0.0001), as well as between zonulin levels and white blood count (r = 0.5; p = 0.0003). The results of the study presented the identified factors related to the standard treatment failure in axSpA, amongst them zonulin levels. They might be applied to point out the patients for whom the search for a more appropriate method of treatment should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Chmielińska
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004, Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Outpatient Clinics, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Marzena Olesińska
- Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Felis-Giemza
- Biologic Therapy Center, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Paradowska-Gorycka
- Department of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karolina Palej
- Department of Outpatient Clinics, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637, Warsaw, Poland
- Biologic Therapy Center, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Julita Rejmer-Szcześniak
- Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, 02-637, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of Biophysics, Physiology and Pathophysiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004, Warsaw, Poland
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2
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Yap YJ, Wong PF, AbuBakar S, Sam SS, Shunmugarajoo A, Soh YH, Misbah S, Ab Rahman AK. The clinical utility of CD163 in viral diseases. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 541:117243. [PMID: 36740088 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2023.117243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Macrophage activation and hypercytokinemia are notable presentations in certain viral infections leading to severe disease and poor prognosis. Viral infections can cause macrophage polarization into the pro-inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Activated M1 macrophages usually restrict viral replication whereas activated M2 macrophages suppress inflammation and promote tissue repair. In response to inflammatory stimuli, macrophages polarize to the M2 phenotype expressing hemoglobin scavenger CD163 surface receptor. The CD163 receptor is shed as the soluble form, sCD163, into plasma or tissue fluids. sCD163 causes detoxification of pro-oxidative hemoglobin which produces anti-inflammatory metabolites that promote the resolution of inflammation. Hence, increased CD163 expression in tissues and elevated circulatory levels of sCD163 have been associated with acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. CD163 and other macrophage activation markers have been commonly included in the investigation of disease pathogenesis and progression. This review provides an overview of the involvement of CD163 in viral diseases. The clinical utility of CD163 in viral disease diagnosis, progression, prognosis and treatment evaluation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jing Yap
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Pooi-Fong Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Arbovirus Reference and Research (Dengue and Severe Dengue) MAA-12, Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sing-Sin Sam
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Anusha Shunmugarajoo
- Medical Department, Tengku Ampuan Rahimah Hospital, 41200 Klang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yih-Harng Soh
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Unit, Central Melaka District Health Office, Jalan Bukit Baru, 75150 Melaka, Malaysia
| | - Suzana Misbah
- Biological Security and Sustainability Research Group (BIOSES), Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Kashfi Ab Rahman
- Department of Medicine (Infectious Disease Unit), Sultanah Nur Zahirah Hospital, Jalan Sultan Mahmud, 20400 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
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3
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Bai LK, Su YZ, Wang XX, Bai B, Zhang CQ, Zhang LY, Zhang GL. Synovial Macrophages: Past Life, Current Situation, and Application in Inflammatory Arthritis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:905356. [PMID: 35958604 PMCID: PMC9361854 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.905356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory arthritis is an inflammatory disease that involves the joints and surrounding tissues. Synovial hyperplasia often presents when joints become inflamed due to immune cell infiltration. Synovial membrane is an important as well as a highly specific component of the joint, and its lesions can lead to degeneration of the joint surface, causing pain and joint disability or affecting the patients’ quality of life in severe cases. Synovial macrophages (SMs) are one of the cellular components of the synovial membrane, which not only retain the function of macrophages to engulf foreign bodies in the joint cavity, but also interact with synovial fibroblasts (SFs), T cells, B cells, and other inflammatory cells to promote the production of a variety of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-8, and IL-6, which are involved in the pathogenic process of inflammatory arthritis. SMs from different tissue sources have differently differentiated potentials and functional expressions. This article provides a summary on studies pertaining to SMs in inflammatory arthritis, and explores their role in its treatment, in order to highlight novel treatment modalities for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Kun Bai
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ya-Zhen Su
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Xue-Xue Wang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Bing Bai
- First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cheng-Qiang Zhang
- Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Li-Yun Zhang
- Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Tongji Shanxi Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Gai-Lian Zhang
- Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- *Correspondence: Gai-Lian Zhang,
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4
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Qing G, Zhiyuan W, Jinge Y, Yuqing M, Zuoguan C, Yongpeng D, Jinfeng Y, Junnan J, Yijia G, Weimin L, Yongjun L. Single-Cell RNA Sequencing Revealed CD14 + Monocytes Increased in Patients With Takayasu's Arteritis Requiring Surgical Management. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:761300. [PMID: 34671607 PMCID: PMC8521054 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.761300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Takayasu Arteritis (TA) is a highly specific vascular inflammation and poses threat to patients’ health. Although some patients have accepted medical treatment, their culprit lesions require surgical management (TARSM). This study aimed at dissecting the transcriptomes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in these patients and to explore potential clinical markers for TA development and progression. Methods: Peripheral blood were collected from four TA patients requiring surgical management and four age-sex matched healthy donors. Single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was adopted to explore the transcriptomic diversity and function of their PBMCs. ELISA, qPCR, and FACS were conducted to validate the results of the analysis. Results: A total of 29918 qualified cells were included for downstream analysis. Nine major cell types were confirmed, including CD14+ monocytes, CD8+ T cells, NK cells, CD4+ T cells, B cells, CD16+ monocytes, megakaryocytes, dendritic cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells. CD14+ monocytes (50.0 vs. 39.3%, p < 0.05) increased in TA patients, as validated by FACS results. TXNIP, AREG, THBS1, and CD163 increased in TA patients. ILs like IL-6, IL-6STP1, IL-6ST, IL-15, and IL-15RA increased in TA group. Conclusion: Transcriptome heterogeneities of PBMCs in TA patients requiring surgical management were revealed in the present study. In the patients with TA, CD14+ monocytes and gene expressions involved in oxidative stress were increased, indicating a new treatment and research direction in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Qing
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, National Centre of Gerontology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China.,National Tuberculosis Clinical Lab of China, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory in Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wu Zhiyuan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, National Centre of Gerontology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Jinge
- Institute of Statistics and Big Data, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Yuqing
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, National Centre of Gerontology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Zuoguan
- Department of Vascular Surgery, National Centre of Gerontology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Diao Yongpeng
- Department of Vascular Surgery, National Centre of Gerontology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Jinfeng
- National Tuberculosis Clinical Lab of China, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory in Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Junnan
- Beijing Key Laboratory in Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guo Yijia
- National Tuberculosis Clinical Lab of China, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory in Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Weimin
- National Tuberculosis Clinical Lab of China, Beijing Chest Hospital, Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory in Drug Resistance Tuberculosis Research, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yongjun
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China.,Department of Vascular Surgery, National Centre of Gerontology, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
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5
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Ankylosing spondylitis: an autoimmune or autoinflammatory disease? Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:387-404. [PMID: 34113018 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00625-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of unknown aetiology. Unlike other systemic autoimmune diseases, in AS, the innate immune system has a dominant role characterized by aberrant activity of innate and innate-like immune cells, including γδ T cells, group 3 innate lymphoid cells, neutrophils, mucosal-associated invariant T cells and mast cells, at sites predisposed to the disease. The intestine is involved in disease manifestations, as it is at the forefront of the interaction between the mucosal-associated immune cells and the intestinal microbiota. Similarly, biomechanical factors, such as entheseal micro-trauma, might also be involved in the pathogenesis of the articular manifestation of AS, and sentinel immune cells located in the entheses could provide links between local damage, genetic predisposition and the development of chronic inflammation. Although these elements might support the autoinflammatory nature of AS, studies demonstrating the presence of autoantibodies (such as anti-CD74, anti-sclerostin and anti-noggin antibodies) and evidence of activation and clonal expansion of T cell populations support an autoimmune component to the disease. This Review presents the evidence for autoinflammation and the evidence for autoimmunity in AS and, by discussing the pathophysiological factors associated with each, aims to reconcile the two hypotheses.
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6
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7
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Kaaij MH, van Tok MN, Blijdorp IC, Ambarus CA, Stock M, Pots D, Knaup VL, Armaka M, Christodoulou-Vafeiadou E, van Melsen TK, Masdar H, Eskes HJPP, Yeremenko NG, Kollias G, Schett G, Tas SW, van Duivenvoorde LM, Baeten DLP. Transmembrane TNF drives osteoproliferative joint inflammation reminiscent of human spondyloarthritis. J Exp Med 2021; 217:151943. [PMID: 32662821 PMCID: PMC7537402 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20200288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF plays a key role in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and spondyloarthritis (SpA). It remains incompletely understood how TNF can lead to different disease phenotypes such as destructive peripheral polysynovitis in RA versus axial and peripheral osteoproliferative inflammation in SpA. We observed a marked increase of transmembrane (tm) versus soluble (s) TNF in SpA versus RA together with a decrease in the enzymatic activity of ADAM17. In contrast with the destructive polysynovitis observed in classical TNF overexpression models, mice overexpressing tmTNF developed axial and peripheral joint disease with synovitis, enthesitis, and osteitis. Histological and radiological assessment evidenced marked endochondral new bone formation leading to joint ankylosis over time. SpA-like inflammation, but not osteoproliferation, was dependent on TNF-receptor I and mediated by stromal tmTNF overexpression. Collectively, these data indicate that TNF can drive distinct inflammatory pathologies. We propose that tmTNF is responsible for the key pathological features of SpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merlijn H Kaaij
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Melissa N van Tok
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Iris C Blijdorp
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carmen A Ambarus
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michael Stock
- Medizinische Klinik 3 - Rheumatologie und Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Désiree Pots
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Véronique L Knaup
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marietta Armaka
- Division of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming," Vari, Greece.,Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Tessa K van Melsen
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Huriatul Masdar
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Harry J P P Eskes
- Department of Radiology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nataliya G Yeremenko
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - George Kollias
- Division of Immunology, Biomedical Sciences Research Center "Alexander Fleming," Vari, Greece.,Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georg Schett
- Medizinische Klinik 3 - Rheumatologie und Immunologie, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sander W Tas
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leonie M van Duivenvoorde
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dominique L P Baeten
- Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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8
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Chmielińska M, Olesińska M, Romanowska-Próchnicka K, Szukiewicz D. Haptoglobin and Its Related Protein, Zonulin-What Is Their Role in Spondyloarthropathy? J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10051131. [PMID: 33800376 PMCID: PMC7962838 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10051131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Haptoglobin (Hp) is an acute phase protein which supports the immune response and protects tissues from free radicals. Its concentration correlates with disease activity in spondyloarthropathies (SpAs). The Hp polymorphism determines the functional differences between Hp1 and Hp2 protein products. The role of the Hp polymorphism has been demonstrated in many diseases. In particular, the Hp 2-2 phenotype has been associated with the unfavorable course of some inflammatory and autoimmune disorders. Its potential role in modulating the immune system in SpA is still unknown. This article contains pathophysiological considerations on the potential relationship between Hp, its polymorphism and SpA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Chmielińska
- Department of Biophysics and Human Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (K.R.-P.); (D.S.)
- Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartańska 1, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Marzena Olesińska
- Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartańska 1, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Katarzyna Romanowska-Próchnicka
- Department of Biophysics and Human Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (K.R.-P.); (D.S.)
- Department of Connective Tissue Diseases, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Spartańska 1, 02-637 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Szukiewicz
- Department of Biophysics and Human Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Chałubińskiego 5, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland; (K.R.-P.); (D.S.)
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9
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Qaiyum Z, Lim M, Inman RD. The gut-joint axis in spondyloarthritis: immunological, microbial, and clinical insights. Semin Immunopathol 2021; 43:173-192. [PMID: 33625549 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-021-00845-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The strong genetic and clinical overlaps between spondyloarthritis (SpA) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have placed much needed focus on the gut-joint axis of inflammation in SpA, leading to three key hypotheses that attempt to unravel this complex relationship. The arthritogenic peptide hypothesis and the aberrant cellular trafficking hypothesis have been put forth to rationalize the manner by which the innate and adaptive immune systems cooperate and converge during SpA pathogenesis. The bacterial dysbiosis hypothesis discusses how changes in the microbiome lead to architectural and immunological consequences in SpA. These theories are not mutually exclusive, but can provide an explanation as to why subclinical gut inflammation may sometimes precede joint inflammation in SpA patients, thereby implying a causal relationship. Such investigations will be important in informing therapeutic decisions which may be common to both SpA and IBD. However, these hypotheses can also offer insights for a coincident inflammatory relationship between the gut and the joint, particularly when assessing the immunological players involved. Insights from understanding how these systems might affect the gut and joint differently will be equally imperative to address where the therapeutic differences lie between the two diseases. Collectively, this knowledge has practical implications in predicting the likelihood of IBD development in SpA or presence of coincident SpA-IBD, uncovering novel therapeutic targets, and redesigning currently approved treatments. It is evident that a multidisciplinary approach between the rheumatology and gastroenterology fields cannot be ignored, when it comes to the care of SpA patients at risk of IBD or vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoya Qaiyum
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, 5, Toronto, Ontario, KD-408, Canada
| | - Melissa Lim
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, 5, Toronto, Ontario, KD-408, Canada
| | - Robert D Inman
- Schroeder Arthritis Institute, University Health Network, 60 Leonard Avenue, 5, Toronto, Ontario, KD-408, Canada.
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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10
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Schmidt T, Berthold E, Arve-Butler S, Gullstrand B, Mossberg A, Kahn F, Bengtsson AA, Månsson B, Kahn R. Children with oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis have skewed synovial monocyte polarization pattern with functional impairment-a distinct inflammatory pattern for oligoarticular juvenile arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2020; 22:186. [PMID: 32787920 PMCID: PMC7425414 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-020-02279-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is an umbrella term of inflammatory joint diseases in children. Oligoarthritis is the most common form in the Western world, representing roughly 60% of all patients. Monocytes and macrophages play an important role in adult arthritides, but their role in oligoarticular JIA is less studied. Polarization highly influences monocytes' and macrophages' effector functions, broadly separated into pro-inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes. Here, we set out to investigate the polarization pattern and functional aspects of synovial monocytes in oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). METHODS Paired synovial fluid, blood samples (n = 13), and synovial biopsies (n = 3) were collected from patients with untreated oligoarticular JIA. Monocytes were analyzed for polarization markers by flow cytometry and qPCR. Effector function was analyzed by a phagocytosis assay. Polarization of healthy monocytes was investigated by stimulation with synovial fluid in vitro. Monocyte/macrophage distribution, polarization, and mRNA expression were investigated in biopsies by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and in situ hybridization. RESULTS Children with oligoarticular JIA have polarized synovial fluid monocytes of a specific M1(IFNγ)/M2(IL-4)-like pattern. This was evidenced by increased surface expression of CD40 (p < 0.001), CD86 (p < 0.001), and CD206 (p < 0.001), but not CD163, as compared to paired circulating monocytes. Additionally, polarization was extensively explored at the mRNA level and synovial fluid monocytes differentially expressed classical markers of M1(IFNγ)/M2(IL-4) polarization compared to circulating monocytes. Synovial fluid monocytes were functionally affected, as assessed by reduced capacity to phagocytose (p < 0.01). Synovial fluid induced M2 markers (CD16 and CD206), but not M1 (CD40) or CD86 in healthy monocytes and did not induce cytokine production. Single and co-expression of surface CD40 and CD206, as well as mRNA expression of IL-10 and TNF, was observed in monocytes/macrophages in synovial biopsies. CONCLUSION Children with untreated oligoarticular JIA have similar and distinct synovial fluid monocyte polarization pattern of mixed pro- and anti-inflammatory features. This pattern was not exclusively a result of the synovial fluid milieu as monocytes/macrophages in the synovial membrane show similar patterns. Our study highlights a distinct polarization pattern in oligoarticular JIA, which could be utilized for future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Schmidt
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, BMC B13, Klinikgatan 26, 22185, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, BMC B13, Klinikgatan 26, 22185, Lund, Sweden
| | - Elisabet Berthold
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, BMC B13, Klinikgatan 26, 22185, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sabine Arve-Butler
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, BMC B13, Klinikgatan 26, 22185, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Gullstrand
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anki Mossberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, BMC B13, Klinikgatan 26, 22185, Lund, Sweden.,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, BMC B13, Klinikgatan 26, 22185, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Kahn
- Department of Infection Medicine, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anders A Bengtsson
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Bengt Månsson
- Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Robin Kahn
- Department of Pediatrics, Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, BMC B13, Klinikgatan 26, 22185, Lund, Sweden. .,Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, BMC B13, Klinikgatan 26, 22185, Lund, Sweden.
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11
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Skytthe MK, Graversen JH, Moestrup SK. Targeting of CD163 + Macrophages in Inflammatory and Malignant Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5497. [PMID: 32752088 PMCID: PMC7432735 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The macrophage is a key cell in the pro- and anti-inflammatory response including that of the inflammatory microenvironment of malignant tumors. Much current drug development in chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer therefore focuses on the macrophage as a target for immunotherapy. However, this strategy is complicated by the pleiotropic phenotype of the macrophage that is highly responsive to its microenvironment. The plasticity leads to numerous types of macrophages with rather different and, to some extent, opposing functionalities, as evident by the existence of macrophages with either stimulating or down-regulating effect on inflammation and tumor growth. The phenotypes are characterized by different surface markers and the present review describes recent progress in drug-targeting of the surface marker CD163 expressed in a subpopulation of macrophages. CD163 is an abundant endocytic receptor for multiple ligands, quantitatively important being the haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex. The microenvironment of inflammation and tumorigenesis is particular rich in CD163+ macrophages. The use of antibodies for directing anti-inflammatory (e.g., glucocorticoids) or tumoricidal (e.g., doxorubicin) drugs to CD163+ macrophages in animal models of inflammation and cancer has demonstrated a high efficacy of the conjugate drugs. This macrophage-targeting approach has a low toxicity profile that may highly improve the therapeutic window of many current drugs and drug candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria K. Skytthe
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (M.K.S.); (S.K.M.)
| | - Jonas Heilskov Graversen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (M.K.S.); (S.K.M.)
| | - Søren K. Moestrup
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark; (M.K.S.); (S.K.M.)
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus, Denmark
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12
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Svendsen P, Etzerodt A, Deleuran BW, Moestrup SK. Mouse CD163 deficiency strongly enhances experimental collagen-induced arthritis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:12447. [PMID: 32710083 PMCID: PMC7382459 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69018-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The scavenger receptor CD163 is highly expressed in macrophages in sites of chronic inflammation where it has a not yet defined role. Here we have investigated development of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and collagen antibody-induced arthritis (CAIA) in CD163-deficient C57BL/6 mice. Compared to wild-type mice, the CIA in CD163-deficient mice had a several-fold higher arthritis score with early onset, prolonged disease and strongly enhanced progression. Further, the serum anti-collagen antibody isotypes as well as the cytokine profiles and T cell markers in the inflamed joints revealed that CD163-deficient mice after 52 days had a predominant Th2 response in opposition to a predominant Th1 response in CD163+/+ mice. Less difference in disease severity between the CD163+/+ and CD163-/- mice was seen in the CAIA model that to a large extent induces arthritis independently of T-cell response and endogenous Th1/Th2 balance. In conclusion, the present set of data points on a novel strong anti-inflammatory role of CD163.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Svendsen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anders Etzerodt
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bent W Deleuran
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Rheumatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren K Moestrup
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. .,Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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13
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Soluble cytokine receptor levels in aqueous humour of patients with specific autoimmune uveitic entities: sCD30 is a biomarker of granulomatous uveitis. Eye (Lond) 2019; 34:1614-1623. [PMID: 31804623 PMCID: PMC7608430 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-019-0693-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Soluble cytokine receptors are potential biomarkers for immune activation and have a promising potential as immunotherapeutic agents. We investigated the levels of soluble cytokine receptors in aqueous humour (AH) samples from patients with specific autoimmune uveitic entities. Methods Patients with active uveitis associated with Behçet’s disease (BD) (n = 13), sarcoidosis (n = 8), HLA-B27-related inflammation (n = 12), Vogt–Koyanagi–Harada (VKH) disease (n = 12) and control subjects (n = 9) were included. AH samples were analyzed with the use of multiplex assays for the proinflammatory cytokine tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α and the soluble cytokine receptors sCD30, sCD163, sgp130, sIL-6 receptor-α (sIL-6R), sTNFRI and sTNFRII. Results TNF-α and soluble cytokine receptor AH levels were significantly higher in uveitis patients (n = 45) compared with controls (n = 9). When nongranulomatous uveitis (BD and HLA-B27-associated uveitis) was compared with granulomatous uveitis (sarcoidosis and VKH disease), the levels of sCD30 and sTNFRI/TNF-α and sTNFRII/TNF-α ratios were significantly enhanced in granulomatous uveitis. Finally, when comparing the profile in the specific uveitis entities, sCD30 levels were highest in patients with VKH disease. sgp130, sCD163, sIL-6R, sTNFRI and sTNFRII did not differ significantly between the four different clinical uveitic subgroups. Conclusions Soluble cytokine receptors are significantly upregulated in autoimmune uveitis. CD30+ T cells might contribute to the inflammatory process in granulomatous uveitis, particularly in VKH disease. Granulomatous uveitis is also characterized by significantly higher sTNFRs/TNF-α ratios than nongranulomatous uveitis.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Ankylosing spondyloarthritis (AS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that involves the axial joints and entheses. Extra-spinal manifestations such as anterior uveitis, psoriasis, and colitis also occur frequently. This review on the pathogenesis of AS includes an update on the recent discoveries within the field. RECENT FINDINGS HLA-B*27 is still considered of major importance in the pathogenesis, and it has recently been shown to profoundly affect the gut microbiome and its metabolites and the handling of bacteria during infection. Biochemical and biophysical properties of HLA-B*27 influence its ability to misfold, to induce an endoplasmic reticulum stress response, and to promote autophagy/unfolded protein responses (UPR). HLA-B*27 free heavy chains may induce inflammation through T cells, NK cells, and myeloid cells. Induction of UPR genes results in release of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-17 (IL-17), IL-23, and interferon-γ and increase in T helper (Th) 17 cells. Several other HLA-B and non-B molecules have been associated with AS, although their role in the pathogenesis is unknown. Genotypes of endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidases (ERAP) 1 and 2 have been associated with alterations in the antigenic pool expressed by HLA-B*27 molecules. In the gut, innate immune cells type 3 (ILC3) influence T cell expression of IL-17 and IL-22. Gamma-delta (γ/δ) T cells are induced by IL-23 to produce IL-17. IL-7 induces mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells to produce IL-17. Besides the microbiome, zonulin may be important through its effects on the permeability of tight junctions in the intestinal epithelial barrier.
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15
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Ehrchen JM, Roth J, Barczyk-Kahlert K. More Than Suppression: Glucocorticoid Action on Monocytes and Macrophages. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2028. [PMID: 31507614 PMCID: PMC6718555 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammation is a leading cause of many clinically relevant diseases. Current therapeutic strategies focus mainly on immunosuppression rather than on the mechanisms of inflammatory resolution. Glucocorticoids (GCs) are still the most widely used anti-inflammatory drugs. GCs affect most immune cells but there is growing evidence for cell type specific mechanisms. Different subtypes of monocytes and macrophages play a pivotal role both in generation as well as resolution of inflammation. Activation of these cells by microbial products or endogenous danger signals results in production of pro-inflammatory mediators and initiation of an inflammatory response. GCs efficiently inhibit these processes by down-regulating pro-inflammatory mediators from macrophages and monocytes. On the other hand, GCs act on “naïve” monocytes and macrophages and induce anti-inflammatory mediators and differentiation of anti-inflammatory phenotypes. GC-induced anti-inflammatory monocytes have an increased ability to migrate toward inflammatory stimuli. They remove endo- and exogenous danger signals by an increased phagocytic capacity, produce anti-inflammatory mediators and limit T-cell activation. Thus, GCs limit amplification of inflammation by repressing pro-inflammatory macrophage activation and additionally induce anti-inflammatory monocyte and macrophage populations actively promoting resolution of inflammation. Further investigation of these mechanisms should lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies to modulate undesirable inflammation with fewer side effects via induction of inflammatory resolution rather than non-specific immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan M Ehrchen
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Roth
- Institute of Immunology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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16
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Manzo A, Bugatti S, Rossi S. Clinical Applications of Synovial Biopsy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2019; 6:102. [PMID: 31134204 PMCID: PMC6524205 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2019.00102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The synovial tissue is a primary target of multiple diseases characterized by different pathogenic mechanisms, including infective, deposition, neoplastic, and chronic immune-inflammatory pathologies. Synovial biopsy can have a relevant role in differential diagnosis of specific conditions in clinical practice, although its exploitation remains relatively limited. In particular, no validated synovial-tissue-derived biomarkers are currently available in the clinic to aid in the diagnosis and management in most frequent forms of chronic inflammatory arthropathies, namely rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and the spondyloarthritides (SpA). In this brief review, we will discuss the current spectrum of clinical applications of synovial biopsy in routine rheumatologic care and will provide an analysis of the perspectives for its potential exploitation in patients with chronic inflammatory arthritides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Manzo
- Rheumatology and Translational Immunology Research Laboratories, Division of Rheumatology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Serena Bugatti
- Rheumatology and Translational Immunology Research Laboratories, Division of Rheumatology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Rossi
- Rheumatology and Translational Immunology Research Laboratories, Division of Rheumatology, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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17
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Bhattacharya S, Yadav A, Aggarwal A. Evidence for M2 macrophage activation in patients with enthesitis-related arthritis category of juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2019; 38:1715-1719. [PMID: 30734215 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-018-04408-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recently, an increase in CD163+ macrophages in ileal biopsies from ankylosing spondylitis patients and an increase in intermediate monocytes in enthesitis-related arthritis (ERA) have been reported. Thus, we studied sCD163 levels as M2 macrophage marker in serum and synovial fluid (SF) of ERA children and CD163 expression on monocyte subsets. Serum samples from ERA patients and healthy controls (HC) were assayed for sCD163 (ELISA). Serum and SF from ERA patients were analyzed when available from same patient (paired samples). In 10 patients, the CD163 expression level was analyzed on monocyte subsets by flow cytometry. Results are expressed as median (interquartile range (IQR)). Sera from 85 patients, SF from 32 ERA patients, and serum from 46 HC were analyzed. The average age at inclusion was 16 ± 3.24 years and age at onset was 11.2 ± 2.79 years. Seventy-nine of them were boys and HLA-B27 was positive in 64/80 patients. The median serum sCD163 levels were higher in patients [1080 (1305.2) ng/ml] than HC [780 (812.5) ng/ml; p < 0.001]. The SF levels [9000 (1250) ng/ml] were much higher than serum [3800 (3287.66) ng/ml; p < 0.001]. Disease activity data was available in 56 patients. Mean tender joint count was 2 (3), swollen joint count was 2 (2), ESR was 70 (65) mm and CRP was 7.1 (8.9) mg/dl. Serum sCD163 levels correlated with SF but not with disease activity. Intermediate monocytes (CD14+CD16+) from ERA patients had higher CD163 expression than HC. Elevated sCD163 levels in ERA patient's sera and even higher levels in paired SF suggest towards activation of alternatively activated macrophages in ERA. Lack of correlation with activity may suggest that they have an immune-regulatory role in ERA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Bhattacharya
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Akhilesh Yadav
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India
| | - Amita Aggarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, 226014, India.
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18
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Kumar NP, Moideen K, Bhootra Y, Nancy A, Viswanathan V, Shruthi BS, Sivakumar S, Natarajan M, Kornfeld H, Babu S. Elevated circulating levels of monocyte activation markers among tuberculosis patients with diabetes co-morbidity. Immunology 2018; 156:249-258. [PMID: 30427060 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Alteration in the frequency of monocyte subsets is a hallmark of tuberculosis-diabetes co-morbidity (TB-DM). To study this association, we examined the plasma levels of sCD14, sCD163, C-reactive protein (CRP) and soluble tissue factor (sTF) in individuals with TB-DM, TB or diabetes mellitus (DM), and in healthy controls (HC). Circulating levels of sCD14, sCD163 and sTF were significantly increased in TB-DM and DM compared with TB and HC; however, CRP was significantly increased in TB-DM and TB compared with DM and HC. During longitudinal follow up, sCD14, CRP and sTF levels remained significantly increased in TB-DM compared with TB from baseline (pre-treatment), during treatment (2nd month) and at the completion (6th month) of anti-TB treatment (ATT), whereas sCD163 was significantly higher in TB-DM compared with TB only at baseline. Moreover, the levels of sCD14 and sCD163 were significantly higher in TB-DM individuals with bilateral and cavitary disease and exhibited a significant positive relationship with bacterial burden. Levels of sCD14, sCD163 and CRP exhibited a positive relationship with HbA1c levels. Within the TB-DM group, those with known diabetes before incident TB (KDM) exhibited significantly higher levels of sCD14 and sCD163 compared with individuals with newly diagnosed DM with TB (NDM). Finally, KDM individuals on metformin treatment exhibited significantly lower levels of sCD14, sCD163 and CRP compared with those on non-metformin-containing regimens. Our data demonstrate that systemic monocyte activation marker levels reflect baseline disease severity and extent in TB-DM, differentiate KDM from NDM and are modulated by ATT and metformin therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathella P Kumar
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Kadar Moideen
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Yukthi Bhootra
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India
| | - Arul Nancy
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India.,Prof. M. Viswanathan Diabetes Research Center, Chennai, India
| | | | | | | | - Mohan Natarajan
- National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India
| | - Hardy Kornfeld
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Subash Babu
- National Institutes of Health-NIRT-International Center for Excellence in Research, Chennai, India.,LPD, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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19
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Ohradanova-Repic A, Machacek C, Charvet C, Lager F, Le Roux D, Platzer R, Leksa V, Mitulovic G, Burkard TR, Zlabinger GJ, Fischer MB, Feuillet V, Renault G, Blüml S, Benko M, Suchanek M, Huppa JB, Matsuyama T, Cavaco-Paulo A, Bismuth G, Stockinger H. Extracellular Purine Metabolism Is the Switchboard of Immunosuppressive Macrophages and a Novel Target to Treat Diseases With Macrophage Imbalances. Front Immunol 2018; 9:852. [PMID: 29780382 PMCID: PMC5946032 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
If misregulated, macrophage (Mϕ)-T cell interactions can drive chronic inflammation thereby causing diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We report that in a proinflammatory environment, granulocyte-Mϕ (GM-CSF)- and Mϕ colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF)-dependent Mϕs have dichotomous effects on T cell activity. While GM-CSF-dependent Mϕs show a highly stimulatory activity typical for M1 Mϕs, M-CSF-dependent Mϕs, marked by folate receptor β (FRβ), adopt an immunosuppressive M2 phenotype. We find the latter to be caused by the purinergic pathway that directs release of extracellular ATP and its conversion to immunosuppressive adenosine by co-expressed CD39 and CD73. Since we observed a misbalance between immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory Mϕs in human and murine arthritic joints, we devised a new strategy for RA treatment based on targeted delivery of a novel methotrexate (MTX) formulation to the immunosuppressive FRβ+CD39+CD73+ Mϕs, which boosts adenosine production and curtails the dominance of proinflammatory Mϕs. In contrast to untargeted MTX, this approach leads to potent alleviation of inflammation in the murine arthritis model. In conclusion, we define the Mϕ extracellular purine metabolism as a novel checkpoint in Mϕ cell fate decision-making and an attractive target to control pathological Mϕs in immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ohradanova-Repic
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Machacek
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Celine Charvet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Franck Lager
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Le Roux
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - René Platzer
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vladimir Leksa
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Goran Mitulovic
- Clinical Department of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas R Burkard
- Bioinformatics Department of the Research Institute of Molecular Pathology and the Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerhard J Zlabinger
- Institute of Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael B Fischer
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Biomedical Technology, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Vincent Feuillet
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Renault
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Stephan Blüml
- Division of Rheumatology, Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Johannes B Huppa
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Takami Matsuyama
- The Center for Advanced Biomedical Sciences and Swine Research, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Artur Cavaco-Paulo
- Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus of Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Georges Bismuth
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 8104, Paris, France
| | - Hannes Stockinger
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Applied Immunology, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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20
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Rezaiemanesh A, Abdolmaleki M, Abdolmohammadi K, Aghaei H, Pakdel FD, Fatahi Y, Soleimanifar N, Zavvar M, Nicknam MH. Immune cells involved in the pathogenesis of ankylosing spondylitis. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 100:198-204. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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21
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de Jong AJ, Klein-Wieringa IR, Andersen SN, Kwekkeboom JC, Herb-van Toorn L, de Lange-Brokaar BJE, van Delft D, Garcia J, Wei W, van der Heide HJL, Bastiaansen-Jenniskens YM, van Osch GJVM, Zuurmond AM, Stojanovic-Susulic V, Nelissen RGHH, Toes REM, Kloppenburg M, Ioan-Facsinay A. Lack of high BMI-related features in adipocytes and inflammatory cells in the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP). Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:186. [PMID: 28800775 PMCID: PMC5553811 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1395-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is associated with the development and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Although the infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) could be involved in this association, due to its intracapsular localization in the knee joint, there is currently little known about the effect of obesity on the IFP. Therefore, we investigated cellular and molecular body mass index (BMI)-related features in the IFP of OA patients. Methods Patients with knee OA (N = 155, 68% women, mean age 65 years, mean (SD) BMI 29.9 kg/m2 (5.7)) were recruited: IFP volume was determined by magnetic resonance imaging in 79 patients with knee OA, while IFPs and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) were obtained from 106 patients undergoing arthroplasty. Crown-like structures (CLS) were determined using immunohistochemical analysis. Adipocyte size was determined by light microscopy and histological analysis. Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells were characterized by flow cytometry. Results IFP volume (mean (SD) 23.6 (5.4) mm3) was associated with height, but not with BMI or other obesity-related features. Likewise, volume and size of IFP adipocytes (mean 271 pl, mean 1933 μm) was not correlated with BMI. Few CLS were observed in the IFP, with no differences between overweight/obese and lean individuals. Moreover, high BMI was not associated with higher SVF immune cell numbers in the IFP, nor with changes in their phenotype. No BMI-associated molecular differences were observed, besides an increase in TNFα expression with high BMI. Macrophages in the IFP were mostly pro-inflammatory, producing IL-6 and TNFα, but little IL-10. Interestingly, however, CD206 and CD163 were associated with an anti-inflammatory phenotype, were the most abundantly expressed surface markers on macrophages (81% and 41%, respectively) and CD163+ macrophages had a more activated and pro-inflammatory phenotype than their CD163- counterparts. Conclusions BMI-related features usually observed in SCAT and visceral adipose tissue could not be detected in the IFP of OA patients, a fat depot implicated in OA pathogenesis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-017-1395-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja J de Jong
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, C1-R, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Inge R Klein-Wieringa
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, C1-R, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan N Andersen
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, C1-R, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Joanneke C Kwekkeboom
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, C1-R, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Herb-van Toorn
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, C1-R, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Badelog J E de Lange-Brokaar
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, C1-R, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Danny van Delft
- Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - John Garcia
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,ISTM, Keele University, Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital, Oswestry, Shropshire, UK
| | - Wu Wei
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Gerjo J V M van Osch
- Department of Orthopaedics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Rob G H H Nelissen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - René E M Toes
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, C1-R, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet Kloppenburg
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, C1-R, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Andreea Ioan-Facsinay
- Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Centre, C1-R, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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22
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Liu H, Lin D, Xiang H, Chen W, Zhao S, Peng H, Yang J, Chen P, Chen S, Lu H. The role of tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis in atherosclerosis via its two different receptors. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:891-897. [PMID: 28781615 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, it is commonly accepted that atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by disorder of the arterial wall. As one of the inflammatory cytokines of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, tumor necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) participates in the formation and progression of atherosclerosis. TWEAK, when binding to its initial receptor, fibroblast growth factor inducible molecule 14 (Fn14), exerts adverse biological functions in atherosclerosis, including dysfunction of endothelial cells, phenotypic change of smooth muscle cells and inflammatory responses of monocytes/macrophages. However, accumulating data supports that, besides Fn14, TWEAK also binds to cluster of differentiation (CD)163, an anti-inflammatory cytokine and a scavenger receptor exclusively expressed by monocytes and macrophages. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that CD163 is able to internalize TWEAK and likely elicits protective effects in atherosclerosis by terminating inflammation induced by TWEAK. In the present study, the role of TWEAK in atherosclerosis was reviewed, with a predominant focus on CD163 and Fn14 receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengdao Liu
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Dan Lin
- Qingdao Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, Shandong 266033, P.R. China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Shaoli Zhao
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.,Department of Endocrinology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hui Peng
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Jie Yang
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Pan Chen
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Shuhua Chen
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
| | - Hongwei Lu
- Center for Experimental Medical Research, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China.,Department of Cardiology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, P.R. China
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23
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Ciccia F, Guggino G, Rizzo A, Alessandro R, Luchetti MM, Milling S, Saieva L, Cypers H, Stampone T, Di Benedetto P, Gabrielli A, Fasano A, Elewaut D, Triolo G. Dysbiosis and zonulin upregulation alter gut epithelial and vascular barriers in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2017; 76:1123-1132. [PMID: 28069576 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-210000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysbiosis has been recently demonstrated in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) but its implications in the modulation of intestinal immune responses have never been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of ileal bacteria in modulating local and systemic immune responses in AS. METHODS Ileal biopsies were obtained from 50 HLA-B27+ patients with AS and 20 normal subjects. Silver stain was used to visualise bacteria. Ileal expression of tight and adherens junction proteins was investigated by TaqMan real-time (RT)-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Serum levels of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS-binding protein (LPS-BP), intestinal fatty acid-BP (iFABP) and zonulin were assayed by ELISA. Monocyte immunological functions were studied in in vitro experiments. In addition the effects of antibiotics on tight junctions in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 transgenic (TG) rats were assessed. RESULTS Adherent and invasive bacteria were observed in the gut of patients with AS with the bacterial scores significantly correlated with gut inflammation. Impairment of the gut vascular barrier (GVB) was also present in AS, accompanied by significant upregulation of zonulin, and associated with high serum levels of LPS, LPS-BP, iFABP and zonulin. In in vitro studies zonulin altered endothelial tight junctions while its epithelial release was modulated by isolated AS ileal bacteria. AS circulating monocytes displayed an anergic phenotype partially restored by ex vivo stimulation with LPS+sCD14 and their stimulation with recombinant zonulin induced a clear M2 phenotype. Antibiotics restored tight junction function in HLA-B27 TG rats. CONCLUSIONS Bacterial ileitis, increased zonulin expression and damaged intestinal mucosal barrier and GVB, characterises the gut of patients with AS and are associated with increased blood levels of zonulin, and bacterial products. Bacterial products and zonulin influence monocyte behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Ciccia
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Sezione di Reumatologia, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuliana Guggino
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Sezione di Reumatologia, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Aroldo Rizzo
- UOC di Anatomia Patologica, Ospedali riuniti villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Riccardo Alessandro
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Michele Maria Luchetti
- Istituto di Clinica Medica Generale, Ematologia ed Immunologia Clinica, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Simon Milling
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Laura Saieva
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Heleen Cypers
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Belgium.,Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tommaso Stampone
- UOC di Anatomia Patologica, Ospedali riuniti villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Di Benedetto
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Science, School of Medicine, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Armando Gabrielli
- Dipartimento di Biopatologia e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università di Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Center for Celiac Research and Treatment, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dirk Elewaut
- Unit for Molecular Immunology and Inflammation, VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Belgium.,Department of Rheumatology, Ghent University, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Triolo
- Dipartimento Biomedico di Medicina Interna e Specialistica, Sezione di Reumatologia, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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24
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Paramarta JE, Turina MC, Noordenbos T, Heijda TF, Blijdorp IC, Yeremenko N, Baeten D. A proof-of-concept study with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor nilotinib in spondyloarthritis. J Transl Med 2016; 14:308. [PMID: 27784336 PMCID: PMC5081668 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1050-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To evaluate the immunomodulating and clinical effects of nilotinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in a proof-of-concept study in spondyloarthritis (SpA) assessing the mast cell as potential novel therapeutic target in this disease. Methods Twenty eight patients with active peripheral (pSpA) and/or axial SpA (axSpA) were included in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (Trial registration: Trialregister.nl NTR2834). Patients were treated 1:1 with nilotinib or placebo for 12 weeks, followed by an open label extension for another 12 weeks. Paired synovial tissue biopsies, serum sampling and assessment of clinical symptoms were performed serially. Results In pSpA (n = 13) synovial inflammation appeared to diminish after 12 weeks of nilotinib treatment as evidenced by histopathology (decrease in number of infiltrating CD68+ and CD163+ macrophages and mast cells). Compared to placebo mRNA expression of c-Kit as mast cell marker (p = 0.037) and of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 (p = 0.024) were reduced. The reduction of synovial inflammation was paralleled by a decrease in serum biomarkers of inflammation such as C-reactive protein (p = 0.024) and calprotectin (p = 0.055). Also clinical parameters such as patient’s global assessment of disease activity (p = 0.031) and ankylosing spondylitis disease activity score (p = 0.031) showed improvement upon 12 weeks of nilotinib but not placebo treatment. This improvement was further augmented at week 24. In contrast to pSpA, neither serum biomarkers of inflammation nor clinical parameters improved upon nilotinib treatment in axSpA. During the trial one serious adverse event occurred, which was considered unrelated to the study drug. Conclusions This small proof-of-concept study suggests that nilotinib treatment modulates inflammation and clinical symptoms in pSpA. A similar effect was not seen in axSpA. Trial registration: trialregister.nl registration code NTR2834 registered 31 March 2011
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline E Paramarta
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Maureen C Turina
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Troy Noordenbos
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tanja F Heijda
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iris C Blijdorp
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nataliya Yeremenko
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dominique Baeten
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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25
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Melief J, Koper JW, Endert E, Møller HJ, Hamann J, Uitdehaag BM, Huitinga I. Glucocorticoid receptor haplotypes conferring increased sensitivity (BclI and N363S) are associated with faster progression of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroimmunol 2016; 299:84-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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26
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Radenska-Lopovok SG. [Immunomorphological characteristics of the synovial membrane in rheumatic diseases]. Arkh Patol 2016; 78:64-68. [PMID: 27600785 DOI: 10.17116/patol201678464-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The synovial membrane is frequently a target in rheumatic diseases. A search for diagnostic criteria and determination of changes in the pathological process necessitate standardized biopsy diagnostic techniques and quantification of morphological changes using digital imaging methods. The paper considers main methods for obtaining synovial membrane samples. It presents major morphological and immunohistochemical variations in synovitis in the presence of rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and osteoarthrosis. It shows different immunological and autoinflammatory mechanisms of these diseases. Synovial membrane inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, and osteoarthrosis is characterized by different components of morphogenesis, which is proven by the expression of different cell markers. Rheumatoid synovitis is an autoinflammatory process; synovitis in ankylosing spondylitis is characterized by autoinflammatory processes; biomechanical factors as joint inflammation triggers are leading in osteoarthrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Radenska-Lopovok
- A.I. Strukov Department of Pathological Anatomy, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Department of Pathological Anatomy, Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia
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27
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Zhou D, Wang Y, Chen LU, Zhang W, Luan J. Soluble CD163: A Novel Biomarker with Diagnostic and Therapeutic Implications in Autoimmune Diseases. J Rheumatol 2016; 43:830. [PMID: 27037247 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.151317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dexi Zhou
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, and the Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, and the Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - L U Chen
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, and the Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, and the Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China
| | - Jiajie Luan
- Laboratory of Clinical Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, and the Department of Pharmacy, Yijishan Hospital, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, China.
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28
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Min D, Brooks B, Wong J, Aamidor S, Seehoo R, Sutanto S, Harrisberg B, Yue DK, Twigg SM, McLennan SV. Monocyte CD163 is altered in association with diabetic complications: possible protective role. J Leukoc Biol 2016; 100:1375-1383. [PMID: 27354410 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.3a1015-461rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The scavenger receptor CD163 is exclusively expressed by monocyte/macrophages and is shed by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and neutrophil elastase (ELA2) as soluble CD163 (sCD163). Monocyte phenotype is altered in diabetes, but the relationship among monocyte CD163, sCD163, and diabetic complications is not known and was investigated in this study. Blood was obtained from patients with diabetes for >10 yr and mice with diabetes for ≤20 wk. Blood from people and mice without diabetes acted as controls. The percentage of CD163+ monocytes and monocyte CD163 mRNA was determined by flow cytometry and qRT-PCR, respectively. Plasma sCD163, MMPs, and ELA2 were measured by ELISA. The ability of glucocorticoids to stimulate isolated monocyte CD163 expression was also investigated. The percentage of CD163+ monocytes was significantly decreased and sCD163 significantly increased (both P < 0.05) in patients with diabetes with complications compared to those without complications. Plasma ELA2 and MMP-3 were also increased (P < 0.05), but CD163 mRNA was unaltered. sCD163 correlated with worsening renal function, as determined by eGFR (r = -0.48, P < 0.05). In diabetic mice, increased sCD163 at wk 5 and decreased percentage of CD163+ monocytes at wk 10 preceded alteration in kidney collagen IV mRNA at wk 20 (all P < 0.05). In vitro incubation of monocytes in anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid increased the percentage of CD163+ monocytes (P < 0.05). In people, higher sCD163 and decreased percentage of CD163+ monocytes were consistent with increased monocyte activation and shedding. The murine data indicated that these changes preceded the development of diabetic complications. Taken together, these results suggest that higher circulating percentage of CD163+ monocytes may have anti-inflammatory effects and may protect from development of diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danqing Min
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; .,Greg Brown Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Laboratory, Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Belinda Brooks
- Diabetes Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Nursing School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; and
| | - Jencia Wong
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Greg Brown Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Laboratory, Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Diabetes Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah Aamidor
- Greg Brown Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Laboratory, Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Rebecca Seehoo
- Greg Brown Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Laboratory, Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Surya Sutanto
- Greg Brown Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Laboratory, Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Brian Harrisberg
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dennis K Yue
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Greg Brown Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Laboratory, Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Diabetes Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen M Twigg
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Greg Brown Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Laboratory, Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.,Diabetes Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Susan V McLennan
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Greg Brown Diabetes and Endocrinology Research Laboratory, Sydney Medical School, Charles Perkins Centre, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
The term axial spondyloarthritis covers both non-radiographic disease and radiographic disease (also known as ankylosing spondylitis). Some studies have been performed to investigate the prevalence of axial spondyloarthritis, although most are limited to patients with radiographic disease. A strong genetic association has been shown between axial spondyloarthritis and human leukocyte antigen-B27 (HLA-B27), but the pathogenetic role of HLA-B27 has not yet been clarified. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF), IL-17, IL-23 and downstream pathways also seem to be important - based on the good results of therapies directed against these molecules - but their exact role in the inflammatory process is also not yet clear. Elucidating the interaction between osteoproliferation and inflammation will be crucial for the prevention of long-term structural damage of the bone. The development of new criteria for classification, diagnosis and screening of patients with axial spondyloarthritis will enable earlier intervention for this chronic inflammatory disease. MRI has become an important tool for the early detection of axial spondyloarthritis. NSAIDs and TNF blockers are effective therapies, including in the early non-radiographic stage. Therapeutic blockade of IL-17 or IL-23 seems to be a promising new treatment option. Tools for measuring quality of life in axial spondyloarthritis have become relevant to assess the impact that the disease has on patients. These diagnostic and therapeutic advances will continue to change the management of axial spondyloarthritis, and new insights into the disease pathogenesis will hopefully accelerate this process. For an illustrated summary of this Primer, visit: http://go.nature.com/51b1af.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Sieper
- Rheumatology, Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Maxime Dougados
- Faculty of Medicine, Paris Descartes University, Department of Rheumatology, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique, Hôpitaux de Paris, INSERM (U1153), Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, PRES Sorbonne Paris-Cité, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Baeten
- Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology and Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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30
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Graversen JH, Moestrup SK. Drug Trafficking into Macrophages via the Endocytotic Receptor CD163. MEMBRANES 2015; 5:228-52. [PMID: 26111002 PMCID: PMC4496642 DOI: 10.3390/membranes5020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In inflammatory diseases, macrophages are a main producer of a range of cytokines regulating the inflammatory state. This also includes inflammation induced by tumor growth, which recruits so-called tumor-associated macrophages supporting tumor growth. Macrophages are therefore relevant targets for cytotoxic or phenotype-modulating drugs in the treatment of inflammatory and cancerous diseases. Such targeting of macrophages has been tried using the natural propensity of macrophages to non-specifically phagocytose circulating foreign particulate material. In addition, the specific targeting of macrophage-expressed receptors has been used in order to obtain a selective uptake in macrophages and reduce adverse effects of off-target delivery of drugs. CD163 is a highly expressed macrophage-specific endocytic receptor that has been studied for intracellular delivery of small molecule drugs to macrophages using targeted liposomes or antibody drug conjugates. This review will focus on the biology of CD163 and its potential role as a target for selective macrophage targeting compared with other macrophage targeting approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonas Heilskov Graversen
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 25, 5000-Odense C, Denmark.
| | - Søren Kragh Moestrup
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winsløws Vej 25, 5000-Odense C, Denmark.
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, 5000-Odense C, Denmark.
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31
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Meng Z, Yang X, Hu D, Wang K, Zhi F, Chen X, Gong G, Wu J, Hu Y. Replacing heme with paclitaxel to prepare drug-loaded globin nanoassembles for CD163 targeting. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:1045-55. [PMID: 25640195 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Protein-based nanoparticles hold great promises in both preclinical and clinical practices, such as oncology diagnosis and treatment, because of their high biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, the complicated preparation and lack of targeting specific cells or tissues may limit their further uses. To overcome these limitations, we developed a novel replacing method for preparing dual-functional protein nanocarrier, such that one function is capable of encapsulating small molecule into protein, whereas the other function is cable of recognizing CD163 receptor [hemoglobin (Hb) scavenger receptor]. In this study, Hb was chosen as the targeting drug carrier. First, the heme group in the Hb was removed and replaced by paclitaxel (PTX) to form nanoparticles (Gb-NPs-PTX). The resulted Gb-NPs-PTX showed spherical shape and their diameter could be controlled in the range of 120-160 nm by altering the ratio of PTX to Hb. The binding activity of Gb-NPs-PTX to CD163 was confirmed by cell uptake in CD163(+) Chinese hamster ovary cells. Results in vivo also showed a CD163-dependent tissue accumulation of Gb-NPs-PTX in mice. In summary, by using the novel replacing method, PTX could be easily encapsulated into Hb nanoparticles and the targeting effects of Hb could also be kept.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/chemistry
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacokinetics
- Biological Transport
- CHO Cells
- Chemistry, Pharmaceutical
- Cricetulus
- Drug Carriers
- Globins/chemistry
- Globins/metabolism
- Heme/chemistry
- Heme/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Nanoparticles
- Nanotechnology
- Paclitaxel/administration & dosage
- Paclitaxel/chemistry
- Paclitaxel/pharmacokinetics
- Particle Size
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
- Technology, Pharmaceutical/methods
- Tissue Distribution
- Transfection
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjie Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China; College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816, People's Republic of China
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32
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Dige A, Støy S, Thomsen KL, Hvas CL, Agnholt J, Dahlerup JF, Møller HJ, Grønbaek H. Soluble CD163, a specific macrophage activation marker, is decreased by anti-TNF-α antibody treatment in active inflammatory bowel disease. Scand J Immunol 2015; 80:417-23. [PMID: 25346048 DOI: 10.1111/sji.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Activated macrophages shed the haemoglobin-haptoglobin scavenger receptor CD163 into the circulation as soluble(s)-CD163. We measured sCD163 as an in vivo macrophage activation marker in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) receiving antitumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α antibody or prednisolone treatment. We also investigated the CD163 expression on circulating monocytes. 58 patients with CD, 40 patients with UC and 90 healthy controls (HC) were included. All patients had active disease at inclusion and were followed for 6 weeks of anti-TNF-α antibody or prednisolone treatment. We measured plasma sCD163 levels at baseline, 1 day, 1 week and 6 weeks after initiating treatment. CD163 expression on circulating CD14(+) monocytes was measured in 21 patients with CD receiving anti-TNF-α antibody treatment. Baseline sCD163 levels were elevated in patients with CD [1.99 (1.80-2.18) mg/l] and in patients with UC [2.07 (1.82-2.32) mg/l] compared with HC [1.51 (1.38-1.63) mg/l] (P < 0.001). Anti-TNF-α antibody treatment induced a rapid decrease in sCD163 levels in patients with CD and in patients with UC 1 day after treatment initiation (P < 0.05). One week of prednisolone treatment did not induce a reduction in sCD163 levels. Anti-TNF-α treatment normalized sCD163 levels in patients with UC, whereas patients with CD exhibited sustained increased sCD163 levels. In patients with CD, CD163 expression on CD14(+) monocytes was increased compared with HC. This study highlights that active CD and UC are associated with increased macrophage activation, as indicated by elevated sCD163 levels and monocytic CD163 expression. Anti-TNF-α antibody treatment induced a rapid decrease in sCD163 levels, suggesting a specific effect on macrophage activation in inflammatory bowel diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dige
- Gastro-Immuno Research Laboratory (GIRL), Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark; Department of Medicine, Horsens Regional Hospital, Horsens C, Denmark
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Fc gamma receptor-TLR cross-talk elicits pro-inflammatory cytokine production by human M2 macrophages. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5444. [PMID: 25392121 PMCID: PMC4243215 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
M2 macrophages suppress inflammation in numerous disorders, including tumour formation, infection and obesity. However, the exact role of M2 macrophages in the context of several other diseases is still largely undefined. We here show that human M2 macrophages promote inflammation instead of suppressing inflammation on simultaneous exposure to complexed IgG (c-IgG) and TLR ligands, as occurs in the context of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). c-IgG-TLR ligand co-stimulation of M2 macrophages selectively amplifies production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 and promotes Th17 responses, which all play a critical role in RA pathology. Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines on c-IgG co-stimulation mainly depends on Fc gamma receptor IIa (FcγRIIa), which selectively amplifies cytokine gene transcription and induces caspase-1 activation. These data indicate that FcγR-TLR cross-talk may be targeted for treatment to attenuate inflammation in RA, by restoring the anti-inflammatory function of M2 macrophages. M2-polarized macrophages are generally considered anti-inflammatory, but whether polarization markers always reflect functional states remains debatable. Here the authors show that complexed IgG and TLR co-stimulation, observed in infections or rheumatoid arthritis, elicits an inflammatory response in M2 macrophages.
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Soluble CD163 as a marker of macrophage activity in newly diagnosed patients with multiple sclerosis. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98588. [PMID: 24886843 PMCID: PMC4041861 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soluble CD163 (sCD163) is a macrophage specific protein known to be up-regulated in serum from patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVE To investigate sCD163 in serum and CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) from patients undergoing MS diagnostic work-up and analyse its potential as a diagnostic biomarker. METHODS After a full MS diagnostic work-up, including collection of paired samples of CSF and serum, 183 patients were evaluated for inclusion in this study. Patients were divided into groups based on their diagnosis. Patients with normal clinical and paraclinical findings were grouped as symptomatic controls. Serum and CSF levels of sCD163 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS sCD163 could be measured in all serum and CSF samples. A high sCD163 CSF/serum ratio in relation to molecular weight was found, strongly indicating local production in the CNS. Median levels of sCD163 were significantly decreased in serum and significantly elevated in CSF in patients with relapsing-remitting, and primary-progressive MS. There were, however, some overlaps of the measures between groups. In a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis sCD163 CSF/serum ratio had an area under the curve of 0.72. CONCLUSION The sCD163 CSF/serum ratio was significantly increased in patients with MS and may reflect macrophage activation in MS lesions. These results suggest that primary progressive MS also is driven by inflammation in which the innate immune system plays a pivotal role.
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Gracey E, Haroon N, Inman RD. Editorial: HLA-B27, Cytokines, and Spondyloarthritis: Noncanonical Functions of a Curious Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex Gene. Arthritis Rheumatol 2014; 66:783-5. [DOI: 10.1002/art.38316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eric Gracey
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, and University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Nigil Haroon
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, and University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Robert D. Inman
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, and University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario Canada
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Vishwanath P, Prashant A, Nataraj SM, Kotekar N, Doddamani P. Can soluble CD163 predict outcome of patients with acute respiratory distress from mechanical ventilation?: A pilot study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2014; 17:355-8. [PMID: 24501487 PMCID: PMC3902570 DOI: 10.4103/0972-5229.123445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: CD163 is a monocyte/macrophage-associated antigen which has recently been identified as a hemoglobin scavenger receptor and has also anti-inflammatory properties and an immunoregulatory role. This surface receptor undergoes ectodomain shedding upon an inflammatory stimulus, leading to increased fraction of soluble CD163 (sCD163). Hence, we hypothesized that the mechanical ventilation (MV) which is known to elicit inflammatory response may cause increased serum levels of sCD163 which can predict the outcome of patients from MV. Subjects and Methods: Thirty patients with acute respiratory distress aged >18 years who required MV were enrolled for the study. Serum levels of sCD163 were estimated using quantitative immunometric sandwich enzyme immunoassay technique from 3 mL of the venous blood sample which was collected immediately and at 24 h after the patient was connected to MV. On the basis of the outcome of the patient from MV, they were divided into two groups; survivors and nonsurvivors. Results: Out of the 30 patients, 18 patients survived and 12 patients expired. Serum levels of sCD163 were significantly increased in nonsurvivors when compared with survivors (P < 0.01) at 24 h after connecting to MV. sCD163 > 1020 ng/mL at 24 h of MV increases the probability of mortality by factor 6. An increase of sCD163 by 1 ng/mL significantly increases the relative probability of mortality by a factor of 1.0017 (95% confidence interval, 1.0004-1.0030, P = 0.0005). Conclusions: Elevated levels of sCD163 at 24 h of MV help in predicting the outcome of patients with acute respiratory failure from MV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Vishwanath
- Department of Biochemistry, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Medical College, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Akila Prashant
- Department of Biochemistry, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Medical College, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Suma M Nataraj
- Department of Biochemistry, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Medical College, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Nalini Kotekar
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Medical College, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University, Mysore, Karnataka, India
| | - Parveen Doddamani
- Department of Biochemistry, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara Medical College, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeshwara University, Mysore, Karnataka, India
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Paramarta JE, Baeten D. Spondyloarthritis: from unifying concepts to improved treatment. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2013; 53:1547-59. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ket407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE The hemoglobin (Hb) scavenger receptor, CD163, is a macrophage-specific protein and the upregulated expression of this receptor is one of the major changes in the macrophage switch to alternative activated phenotypes in inflammation. Accordingly, a high CD163 expression in macrophages is a characteristic of tissues responding to inflammation. The scavenging of the oxidative and proinflammatory Hb leading to stimulation of the heme-oxygenase-1 and production of anti-inflammatory heme metabolites indicates that CD163 thereby indirectly contributes to the anti-inflammatory response. RECENT ADVANCES In addition to this biological role in inflammation, CD163 is a potential inflammation biomarker and a therapeutic target. The biomarker form of CD163 is the soluble plasma CD163 that arises from the increased shedding of CD163 mediated by the tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) cleaving enzyme. This explains that a steadily increasing literature documents that the plasma level of soluble CD163 is increased in a large spectrum of acute and chronic inflammatory disorders. The nonshed membrane form of CD163 in macrophages constitutes a target for drugs to be directed to macrophages in inflammation. This approach has been used in an animal inflammation model to highly increase the apparent therapeutic index of anti-inflammatory glucocorticoid drug that was coupled to an anti-CD163 antibody. Furthermore, other recent animal data, which indirectly involve CD163 in macrophages, demonstrate that injections of haptoglobin attenuate Hb-induced damages after blood transfusion. CRITICAL ISSUES AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS The diagnostic and therapeutic properties of CD163 await further clinical studies and regulatory approval before implementation in the clinic.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/chemistry
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/chemistry
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/metabolism
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Haptoglobins/metabolism
- Hemoglobins/metabolism
- Humans
- Inflammation/diagnosis
- Inflammation/genetics
- Inflammation/metabolism
- Inflammation/therapy
- Macrophages/drug effects
- Macrophages/metabolism
- Receptors, Cell Surface/chemistry
- Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics
- Receptors, Cell Surface/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Etzerodt
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Søren K. Moestrup
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus C, Denmark
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The haptoglobin-CD163-heme oxygenase-1 pathway for hemoglobin scavenging. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:523652. [PMID: 23781295 PMCID: PMC3678498 DOI: 10.1155/2013/523652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The haptoglobin- (Hp-) CD163-heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway is an efficient captor-receptor-enzyme system to circumvent the hemoglobin (Hb)/heme-induced toxicity during physiological and pathological hemolyses. In this pathway, Hb tightly binds to Hp leading to CD163-mediated uptake of the complex in macrophages followed by lysosomal Hp-Hb breakdown and HO-1-catalyzed conversion of heme into the metabolites carbon monoxide (CO), biliverdin, and iron. The plasma concentration of Hp is a limiting factor as evident during accelerated hemolysis, where the Hp depletion may cause serious Hb-induced toxicity and put pressure on backup protecting systems such as the hemopexin-CD91-HO pathway. The Hp-CD163-HO-1 pathway proteins are regulated by the acute phase mediator interleukin-6 (IL-6), but other regulatory factors indicate that this upregulation is a counteracting anti-inflammatory response during inflammation. The heme metabolites including bilirubin converted from biliverdin have overall an anti-inflammatory effect and thus reinforce the anti-inflammatory efficacy of the Hp-CD163-HO-1 pathway. Future studies of animal models of inflammation should further define the importance of the pathway in the anti-inflammatory response.
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Paramarta JE, van der Leij C, Gofita I, Yeremenko N, van de Sande MG, de Hair MJ, Tak PP, Maas M, Baeten D. Peripheral joint inflammation in early onset spondyloarthritis is not specifically related to enthesitis. Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 73:735-40. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-203155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Kanno H, Nishihara H, Wang L, Yuzawa S, Kobayashi H, Tsuda M, Kimura T, Tanino M, Terasaka S, Tanaka S. Expression of CD163 prevents apoptosis through the production of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in meningioma. Neuro Oncol 2013; 15:853-64. [PMID: 23539121 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/not028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD163 is a 130-kDa transmembrane protein expressed in human monocytes and macrophages, and the aberrant expression of CD163 in breast and colorectal cancer associated with patients' poor prognosis was reported. Here, we analyzed the expression of CD163 in meningioma, a common intracranial tumor, and its molecular mechanism in association with meningioma progression. METHODS First, we performed immunohistochemical analysis using 50 human meningioma specimens. Next, we established CD163-overexpressing human meningioma cell lines and investigated its roles in tumor progression in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Immunohistochemically, 26 of 50 human meningioma specimens (52.0%) were positive for CD163 in tumor cells, including benign grade I (48.5%) and grade II (71.4%) cases. Furthermore, CD163 expression was correlated with histological atypical parameters that directly predict the prognosis of meningioma. CD163-overexpressing meningioma cells showed significant suppression of apoptosis and accelerated tumor growth in nude mice. In addition, unexpected splenomegaly affiliated with the xenograft predicted tumor-derived granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) production, which was confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first report that demonstrates CD163 expression in meningioma not only by immunohistochemistry but also by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, using primary culture cells, and provides the novel molecular function of CD163 to prevent apoptosis through the production of G-CSF in meningioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromi Kanno
- Laboratory of Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, North 15, West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
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Baeten D, Breban M, Lories R, Schett G, Sieper J. Are spondylarthritides related but distinct conditions or a single disease with a heterogeneous phenotype? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:12-20. [PMID: 23288559 DOI: 10.1002/art.37829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Baeten
- Academic Medical Center and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Yeremenko N, Noordenbos T, Cantaert T, van Tok M, van de Sande M, Cañete JD, Tak PP, Baeten D. Disease-specific and inflammation-independent stromal alterations in spondylarthritis synovitis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 65:174-85. [PMID: 22972410 DOI: 10.1002/art.37704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Yeremenko
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center and University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Spondyloarthritis (SpA) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease of unknown origin. Here we aim to review whether SpA is driven by T-cell and/or B-cell autoreactivity or by abnormal innate immune responses. RECENT FINDINGS SpA does not share genetic risk factors, female predominance, presence of disease-specific autoantibodies and response to T-cell or B-cell-targeted therapies with prototypical autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Growing evidence indicates that increased responsiveness of innate immune cells such as macrophages, mast cells and neutrophils drives inflammation in SpA. The altered innate immune response may be related to nonantigen-presenting functions of HLA-B27, including the induction of an unfolded protein response, and can be triggered by bacterial and mechanical stress. Innate immune cells appear to be the main producers of both pro-inflammatory (tumor necrosis factor, IL-1, IL-23, IL-17) and anti-inflammatory (IL-10) cytokines in SpA. SUMMARY The predominance of myeloid above lymphoid alterations suggests an autoinflammatory rather than autoimmune origin of inflammation in SpA. Therefore, targeting innate cells or their inflammatory mediators may be more effective than T-cell or B-cell-directed therapies.
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Jude C, Dejica D, Samasca G, Balacescu L, Balacescu O. Soluble CD163 serum levels are elevated and correlated with IL-12 and CXCL10 in patients with long-standing rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2012; 33:1031-7. [PMID: 23011084 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-012-2459-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/07/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
CD163, a membrane glycoprotein restricted to monocyte-macrophage cell lineage, is released in the terminal phase of acute inflammation and during chronic inflammation, with anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic role. The proteolytically detached ectodomain of CD163 is the soluble component sCD163. A few studies were performed regarding circulating sCD163 in human diseases. Only two were accomplished in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Our concern was (1) to evaluate sCD163 serum concentrations in active RA patients with long-standing evolution, (2) to correlate them with clinical parameters, laboratory markers, disease activity, and (3) to search possible relationships with some cytokines (IL-12, IL-17) and chemokine (CXCL10), involved in RA pathogenesis. First and third topics were not achieved until now, and the second one points out discordant findings and unspecified aspects. It was achieved immunoassay of serum sCD163, IL-12, IL-17, CXCL10 and traditional methods for RA laboratory markers. The mean sCD163 level of 33 patients was significantly higher than in 20 normal controls (p = 0.0001), 59.3 % of them with concentrations above normal cut-off value. sCD163 levels were weakly correlated with CRP and RF but not with ERS and disease activity. IL-12 and CXCL10 serum levels strongly correlated with sCD163 concentrations, while IL-17 positively but insignificantly correlated. In conclusion, serum sCD163 levels are significantly elevated in long-standing RA patients, but sCD163 has no role as a biomarker of disease activity. High correlation of sCD163 with IL-12 and CXCL10 suggests the association of their well-known anti-inflammatory function in long-standing RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Jude
- Department of Immunology, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Str.Plopilor No. 44, Cluj Napoca, Romania
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Association of the numbers of CD163(+) cells in lesional skin and serum levels of soluble CD163 with disease progression of cutaneous T cell lymphoma. J Dermatol Sci 2012; 68:45-51. [PMID: 22884782 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classically activated macrophages produce IL-12, IL-23, and TNF-α, whereas alternatively activated macrophages (M2 cells) produce IL-10 and express several receptors such as mannose receptor and CD163. Tumor-associated macrophages exhibit M2 phenotype, whose presence has been associated with poor prognosis in various tumors. OBJECTIVES To investigate distribution of CD163(+) cells in lesional skin and serum levels of soluble CD163 (sCD163) in patients with cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL), atopic dermatitis (AD), or psoriasis. METHODS The numbers of CD163(+) and CD68(+) cells in lesional skin of CTCL, AD, or psoriasis, and in normal skin were examined by immunohistochemistry. Serum soluble CD163 (sCD163) levels were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The numbers of CD163(+) cells in lesional skin of CTCL, AD, or psoriasis were significantly larger than in normal skin. In CTCL, the numbers of CD163(+) or CD68(+) cells increased as more tumor cells infiltrated and they decreased after treatment with topical steroid and ultraviolet light. Moreover, CTCL patients with an increased number of CD163(+) cells showed worse prognosis. Serum sCD163 levels in patients with CTCL, AD, or psoriasis were significantly higher than those in normal controls. In CTCL patients, serum sCD163 levels significantly correlated with serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor and CCL17 levels. In AD patients, serum sCD163 levels correlated with serum IgE levels. CONCLUSION The numbers of CD163(+) cells in lesional skin and serum sCD163 levels were associated with disease progression of CTCL. Further study focusing on CD163(+) cells in CTCL lesional skin would be an interesting research field.
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Ambarus CA, Noordenbos T, de Hair MJH, Tak PP, Baeten DLP. Intimal lining layer macrophages but not synovial sublining macrophages display an IL-10 polarized-like phenotype in chronic synovitis. Arthritis Res Ther 2012; 14:R74. [PMID: 22494514 PMCID: PMC3446447 DOI: 10.1186/ar3796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Synovial tissue macrophages play a key role in chronic inflammatory arthritis, but the contribution of different macrophage subsets in this process remains largely unknown. The main in vitro polarized macrophage subsets are classically (M1) and alternatively (M2) activated macrophages, the latter comprising interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 polarized cells. Here, we aimed to evaluate the polarization status of synovial macrophages in spondyloarthritis (SpA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS Expression of polarization markers on synovial macrophages, peripheral blood monocytes, and in vitro polarized monocyte-derived macrophages from SpA versus RA patients was assessed by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry, respectively. The polarization status of the intimal lining layer and the synovial sublining macrophages was assessed by double immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS The expression of the IL-10 polarization marker cluster of differentiation 163 (CD163) was increased in SpA compared with RA intimal lining layer, but no differences were found in other M1 and M2 markers between the diseases. Furthermore, no significant phenotypic differences in monocytes and in vitro polarized monocyte-derived macrophages were seen between SpA, RA, and healthy controls, indicating that the differential CD163 expression does not reflect a preferential M2 polarization in SpA. More detailed analysis of intimal lining layer macrophages revealed a strong co-expression of the IL-10 polarization markers CD163 and cluster of differentiation 32 (CD32) but not any of the other markers in both SpA and RA. In contrast, synovial sublining macrophages had a more heterogeneous phenotype, with a majority of cells co-expressing M1 and M2 markers. CONCLUSIONS The intimal lining layer but not synovial sublining macrophages display an IL-10 polarized-like phenotype, with increased CD163 expression in SpA versus RA synovitis. These differences in the distribution of the polarized macrophage subset may contribute to the outcome of chronic synovitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen A Ambarus
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Shimizu K, Ogawa F, Yoshizaki A, Akiyama Y, Kuwatsuka Y, Okazaki S, Tomita H, Takenaka M, Sato S. Increased serum levels of soluble CD163 in patients with scleroderma. Clin Rheumatol 2012; 31:1059-64. [PMID: 22453843 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-012-1972-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
CD163 is a 130-kDa, type I transmembrane protein belonging to group B of the cysteine-rich scavenger receptor family. Expression of CD163 is constitutive and/or induced by some stimuli on circulating monocytes and most tissue macrophages. An approximately 130-kDa soluble form of human CD163 is released from the cell surface by proteolysis after oxidative stress or inflammatory stimuli. Thus, an elevated level of circulating soluble CD163 (sCD163) has been reported in diabetes mellitus, which is one of the oxidative conditions. We have already acknowledged that scleroderma (SSc) is one of the oxidative conditions. Therefore, we conducted the measurement of serum sCD163 in SSc patients. After receiving the informed consents, 56 SSc patients were examined; 20 dermatomyositis patients were used as disease controls and 40 persons were used as healthy controls. Blood samples were collected, and the concentration of serum sCD163 was measured by ELISA (human CD163, R&D Systems). Other parameters in the blood of SSc patients were also examined. Statistical analyses were performed using Mann-Whitney U test, and the relationship between parameters was statistically examined by Spearman's rank test. Serum sCD163 levels were elevated in SSc patients compared with normal controls (p < 0.01), with similar levels between limited SSc and diffuse SSc patients. SSc patients with pulmonary fibrosis had increased serum levels of sCD163 than those without pulmonary fibrosis (p < 0.05). SSc patients with elevated sCD163 levels had increased serum levels of IgG than those with normal sCD163 levels (p < 0.05). Serum sCD163 levels correlated positively with pulsatility index in SSc patients (p = 0.0009, r = 0.534). These results suggest that oxidative stress may play an important role in immunological abnormalities, renal circulation, and pulmonary fibrosis of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Shimizu
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Cañete JD. Biopatología de la membrana sinovial en la artritis psoriásica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 8 Suppl 1:S10-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reuma.2011.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2011] [Accepted: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Etzerodt A, Maniecki MB, Graversen JH, Møller HJ, Torchilin VP, Moestrup SK. Efficient intracellular drug-targeting of macrophages using stealth liposomes directed to the hemoglobin scavenger receptor CD163. J Control Release 2012; 160:72-80. [PMID: 22306335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The hemoglobin scavenger receptor CD163 is exclusively expressed in the monocytic lineage and preferentially in tissue resident macrophages of the M2 phenotype and in macrophages in sites of inflammation and tumor growth. In the present study we have designed liposomes specifically targeting CD163 by hydrophobic linkage of CD163-binding monoclonal antibodies to polyethylene glycol-coated liposomes ('stealth liposomes'). Targeting to the endocytic CD163 protein greatly increased the uptake of liposomes in CD163 transfected cells and macrophages as visualized by confocal microscopy and flow cytometry of cells exposed to CD163 targeting liposomes loaded with calcein. Strong cytotoxic effects were seen in CD163-expressing human monocytes by using the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin as cargo of the liposomes. In conclusion, the use of stealth liposomes modified to recognize CD163 is a potential way to target drugs to macrophages that support inflammatory and malignant processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Etzerodt
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Ole Worms Alle 2, Aarhus, Denmark
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