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Muscadine Grape (Vitis rotundifolia) and Wine Polyphenols Alleviated Arthritis and Restored the Gut Microbial Composition in Mice. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 116:109311. [PMID: 36878329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of muscadine grape polyphenols (MGP) and muscadine wine polyphenols (MWP) on the onset and progression of arthritis in mice. Arthritis in male DBA/1J mice was induced by two intradermal injections of type II collagen. MGP or MWP (400 mg/kg) were orally gavaged to mice. MGP and MWP were found to delay the onset and reduce the severity and clinical symptoms of collagen induced arthritis (CIA) (p≤0.05). In addition, MGP and MWP significantly reduced the plasma concentration of TNF-α, IL-6, anti-collagen antibodies, and matrix metalloproteinase-3 in CIA mice. Based on nano CT and histological analysis, MGP and MWP reduced pannus formation, cartilage destruction, and bone erosion in CIA mice. Analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA revealed that arthritis in mice is associated with gut dysbiosis. MWP was more effective than MGP at alleviating such dysbiosis by shifting the microbiome composition towards the direction of healthy mice. Relative abundance of several genera of gut microbiome correlated with plasma inflammatory biomarkers and bone histology scores, suggesting they play a role in the development and progression of arthritis. This study suggests that muscadine grape or wine polyphenols can be used as a diet-based strategy to prevent and manage arthritis in humans.
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2
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Zhao M, Tse JJ, Kuczynski MT, Brunet SC, Yan R, Engelke K, Peters M, van den Bergh JP, van Rietbergen B, Stok KS, Barnabe C, Pauchard Y, Manske SL. Open-source image analysis tool for the identification and quantification of cortical interruptions and bone erosions in high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography images of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Bone 2022; 165:116571. [PMID: 36174928 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2022.116571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Identification of bone erosions and quantification of erosion volume is important for rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis, and can add important information to evaluate disease progression and treatment effects. High-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) is well suited for this purpose, however analysis methods are not widely available. The purpose of this study was to develop an open-source software tool for the identification and quantification of bone erosions using images acquired by HR-pQCT. The collection of modules, Bone Analysis Modules (BAM) - Erosion, implements previously published erosion analysis techniques as modules in 3D Slicer, an open-source image processing and visualization tool. BAM includes a module to automatically identify cortical interruptions, from which erosions are manually selected, and a hybrid module that combines morphological and level set operations to quantify the volume of bone erosions. HR-pQCT images of the second and third metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints were acquired in patients with RA (XtremeCT, n = 14, XtremeCTII, n = 22). The number of cortical interruptions detected by BAM-Erosion agreed strongly with the previously published cortical interruption detection algorithm for both XtremeCT (r2 = 0.85) and XtremeCTII (r2 = 0.87). Erosion volume assessment by BAM-Erosion agreed strongly (r2 = 0.95) with the Medical Image Analysis Framework. BAM-Erosion provides an open-source erosion analysis tool that produces comparable results to previously published algorithms, with improved options for visualization. The strength of the tool is that it implements multiple image processing algorithms for erosion analysis on a single, widely available, open-source platform that can accommodate future updates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjie Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Justin J Tse
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Michael T Kuczynski
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Scott C Brunet
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Ryan Yan
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Klaus Engelke
- Department of Medicine 3, FAU University Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michiel Peters
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Joop P van den Bergh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, VieCuri Medical Center, Venlo, the Netherlands
| | - Bert van Rietbergen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Kathryn S Stok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Cheryl Barnabe
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Yves Pauchard
- Department of Electrical and Software Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Sarah L Manske
- Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada; Biomedical Engineering Graduate Program, Department of Radiology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
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3
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Calcium-Permeable Channels Cooperation for Rheumatoid Arthritis: Therapeutic Opportunities. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101383. [PMID: 36291594 PMCID: PMC9599458 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is a common autoimmune disease that results from the deposition of antibodies–autoantigens in the joints, leading to long-lasting inflammation. The main features of RA include cartilage damage, synovial invasion and flare-ups of intra-articular inflammation, and these pathological processes significantly reduce patients’ quality of life. To date, there is still no drug target that can act in rheumatoid arthritis. Therefore, the search for novel drug targets has become urgent. Due to their unique physicochemical properties, calcium ions play an important role in all cellular activities and the body has evolved a rigorous calcium signaling system. Calcium-permeable channels, as the main operators of calcium signaling, are widely distributed in cell membranes, endoplasmic reticulum membranes and mitochondrial membranes, and mediate the efflux and entry of Ca2+. Over the last century, more and more calcium-permeable channels have been identified in human cells, and the role of this large family of calcium-permeable channels in rheumatoid arthritis has gradually become clear. In this review, we briefly introduce the major calcium-permeable channels involved in the pathogenesis of RA (e.g., acid-sensitive ion channel (ASIC), transient receptor potential (TRP) channel and P2X receptor) and explain the specific roles and mechanisms of these calcium-permeable channels in the pathogenesis of RA, providing more comprehensive ideas and targets for the treatment of RA.
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4
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Chen N, Ren R, Wei X, Mukundan R, Li G, Xu X, Zhao G, Zhao Z, Lele SM, Reinhardt RA, Wang D. Thermoresponsive Hydrogel-Based Local Delivery of Simvastatin for the Treatment of Periodontitis. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:1992-2003. [PMID: 33754729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Except for routine scaling and root planing, there are few effective nonsurgical therapeutic interventions for periodontitis and associated alveolar bone loss. Simvastatin (SIM), one of the 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-cosenzyme A reductase inhibitors, which is known for its capacity as a lipid-lowering medication, has been proven to be an effective anti-inflammatory and bone anabolic agent that has shown promising benefits in mitigating periodontal bone loss. The local delivery of SIM into the periodontal pocket, however, has been challenging due to SIM's poor water solubility and its lack of osteotropicity. To overcome these issues, we report a novel SIM formulation of a thermoresponsive, osteotropic, injectable hydrogel (PF127) based on pyrophosphorolated pluronic F127 (F127-PPi). After mixing F127-PPi with F127 at a 1:1 ratio, the resulting PF127 was used to dissolve free SIM to generate the SIM-loaded formulation. The thermoresponsive hydrogel's rheologic behavior, erosion and SIM release kinetics, osteotropic property, and biocompatibility were evaluated in vitro. The therapeutic efficacy of SIM-loaded PF127 hydrogel on periodontal bone preservation and inflammation resolution was validated in a ligature-induced periodontitis rat model. Given that SIM is already an approved medication for hyperlipidemia, the data presented here support the translational potential of the SIM-loaded PF127 hydrogel for better clinical management of periodontitis and associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningrong Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, PDD 3020, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Rongguo Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, PDD 3020, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, PDD 3020, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Roshni Mukundan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, PDD 3020, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Guojuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, PDD 3020, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Xiaoke Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, PDD 3020, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Gang Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, PDD 3020, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Zhifeng Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, PDD 3020, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
| | - Subodh M Lele
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198, United States
| | - Richard A Reinhardt
- Department of Surgical Specialties, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583, United States
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986125 Nebraska Medical Center, PDD 3020, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-6125, United States
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5
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Almoshari Y, Ren R, Zhang H, Jia Z, Wei X, Chen N, Li G, Ryu S, Lele SM, Reinhardt RA, Wang D. GSK3 inhibitor-loaded osteotropic Pluronic hydrogel effectively mitigates periodontal tissue damage associated with experimental periodontitis. Biomaterials 2020; 261:120293. [PMID: 32877763 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2020.120293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by complex interactions between the host immune system and pathogens that affect the integrity of periodontium. To prevent disease progression and thus preserve alveolar bone structure, simultaneous anti-inflammatory and osteogenic intervention are essential. Hence, a glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta inhibitor (BIO) was selected as a potent inflammation modulator and osteogenic agent to achieve this treatment objective. BIO's lack of osteotropicity, poor water solubility, and potential long-term systemic side effects, however, have hampered its clinical applications. To address these limitations, pyrophosphorylated Pluronic F127 (F127-PPi) was synthesized and mixed with regular F127 to prepare an injectable and thermoresponsive hydrogel formulation (PF127) of BIO, which could adhere to hard tissue and gradually release BIO to exert its therapeutic effects locally. Comparing to F127 hydrogel, PF127 hydrogels exhibited stronger binding to hydroxyapatite (HA). Additionally, BIO's solubility in PF127 solution was dramatically improved over F127 solution and the improvement was proportional to the polymer concentration. When evaluated on a rat model of periodontitis, PF127-BIO hydrogel treatment was found to be very effective in preserving alveolar bone and ligament, and preventing periodontal inflammation, as shown by the micro-CT and histological data, respectively. Altogether, these findings suggested that the thermoresponsive PF127 hydrogel is an effective local drug delivery system for better clinical management of periodontitis and associated pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosif Almoshari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rongguo Ren
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Haipeng Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Zhenshan Jia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Xin Wei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Ningrong Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Guojuan Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Sangjin Ryu
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA; Nebraska Center for Materials and Nanoscience, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE, 68588, USA
| | - Subodh M Lele
- Department of Pathology & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Richard A Reinhardt
- Department of Surgical Specialties, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, NE, 68583, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA.
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6
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Dong L, Wu J, Chen K, Xie J, Wang Y, Li D, Liu Y, Yin A, Zhao Y, Han Y, Zhou J, Zhang L, Chen Z, Zuo D. Mannan-Binding Lectin Attenuates Inflammatory Arthritis Through the Suppression of Osteoclastogenesis. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1239. [PMID: 31214191 PMCID: PMC6557994 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is a vital element in the host innate immune system, which is primarily produced by the liver and secreted into the circulation. Low serum level of MBL is reported to be associated with an increased risk of arthritis. However, the underlying mechanism by which MBL contributes to the pathogenesis of arthritis is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the precise role of MBL on the course of experimental murine adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA). MBL-deficient (MBL−/−) AIA mice showed significantly increased inflammatory responses compared with wild-type C57BL/6 AIA mice, including exacerbated cartilage damage, enhanced histopathological features and high level of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive cells. MBL protein markedly inhibited the osteoclast formation from human blood monocytes induced by receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) in vitro. Mechanistic studies established that MBL inhibited osteoclast differentiation via down-regulation of p38 signaling pathway and subsequent nuclear translocation of c-fos as well as activation of nuclear factor of activated T-cells c1 (NFATc1) pathway. Importantly, we have provided the evidence that concentrations of MBL correlated negatively with the serum levels of amino-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP) and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β-CTX), serum markers of bone turnover, in patients with arthritis. Our study revealed an unexpected function of MBL in osteoclastogenesis, thus providing new insight into inflammatory arthritis and other bone-related diseases in patients with MBL deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Dong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wu
- Geriatrics Center, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command, PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Xie
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Youyi Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Immunology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dantong Li
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunzhi Liu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiping Yin
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunpeng Han
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jia Zhou
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengliang Chen
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daming Zuo
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular Immunology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Microbiome Medicine Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Löfvall H, Katri A, Dąbrowska A, Karsdal MA, Luo Y, He Y, Manon-Jensen T, Dziegiel MH, Bay-Jensen AC, Thudium CS, Henriksen K. GPDPLQ 1237-A Type II Collagen Neo-Epitope Biomarker of Osteoclast- and Inflammation-Derived Cartilage Degradation in vitro. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3050. [PMID: 30816326 PMCID: PMC6395810 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39803-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
C-telopeptide of type II collagen (CTX-II) has been shown to be a highly relevant biomarker of cartilage degradation in human rheumatic diseases, if measured in synovial fluid or urine. However, serum or plasma CTX-II have not been demonstrated to have any clinical utility to date. Here, we describe the GPDPLQ1237 ELISA which targets the EKGPDPLQ↓ neo-epitope, an elongated version of the CTX-II neo-epitope (EKGPDP↓), speculated to be a blood-precursor of CTX-II generated by the cysteine protease cathepsin K. Human osteoclast cartilage resorption cultures as well as oncostatin M and tumour necrosis factor α-stimulated bovine cartilage explant cultures were used to validate GPDPLQ1237 biologically by treating the cultures with the cysteine protease inhibitor E-64 and/or the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor GM6001 to assess the potential contributions of these two protease classes to GPDPLQ1237 release. Cartilage resorption-derived GPDPLQ1237 release was inhibited by E-64 (72.1% inhibition), GM6001 (75.5%), and E-64/GM6001 (91.5%), whereas CTX-II release was inhibited by GM6001 (87.0%) but not by E-64 (5.5%). Cartilage explant GPDPLQ1237 and CTX-II release were both fully inhibited by GM6001 but were not inhibited by E-64. No clinically relevant GPDPLQ1237 reactivity was identified in human serum, plasma, or urine from healthy donors or arthritis patients. In conclusion, the GPDPLQ1237 biomarker is released during osteoclast-derived cysteine protease- and MMP-mediated cartilage degradation in vitro, whereas CTX-II release is mediated by MMPs and not by cysteine proteases, as well as from MMP-mediated cartilage degradation under a pro-inflammatory stimulus. These findings suggest that GPDPLQ1237 may be relevant in diseases with pathological osteoclast activity and cartilage degradation. Further studies are required to validate the neo-epitope in human samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Löfvall
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark.,Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Anna Katri
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark.,Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Yi He
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Morten H Dziegiel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Hoshino‐Negishi K, Ohkuro M, Nakatani T, Kuboi Y, Nishimura M, Ida Y, Kakuta J, Hamaguchi A, Kumai M, Kamisako T, Sugiyama F, Ikeda W, Ishii N, Yasuda N, Imai T. Role of Anti‐Fractalkine Antibody in Suppression of Joint Destruction by Inhibiting Migration of Osteoclast Precursors to the Synovium in Experimental Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:222-231. [DOI: 10.1002/art.40688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Yoko Ida
- KAN Research Institute, Inc. Kobe Japan
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9
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Peters M, van Tubergen A, Scharmga A, Driessen A, van Rietbergen B, Loeffen D, Weijers R, Geusens P, van den Bergh J. Assessment of Cortical Interruptions in the Finger Joints of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Using HR-pQCT, Radiography, and MRI. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:1676-1685. [PMID: 29750836 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Small cortical interruptions may be the first sign of an erosion, and more interruptions can be found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared with healthy subjects. First, we compared the number and size of interruptions in patients with RA with healthy subjects using high-resolution peripheral quantitative CT (HR-pQCT). Second, we investigated the association between structural damage and inflammatory markers on conventional radiography (CR) and MRI with interruptions on HR-pQCT. Third, the added value of HR-pQCT over CR and MRI was investigated. The finger joints of 39 patients with RA and 38 healthy subjects were examined through CR, MRI, and HR-pQCT. CRs were scored using the Sharp/Van der Heijde method. MRI images were analyzed for the presence of erosions, bone marrow edema, and synovitis. HR-pQCT images were analyzed for the number, surface area, and volume of interruptions using a semiautomated algorithm. Descriptives were calculated and associations were tested using generalized estimating equations. Significantly more interruptions and both a larger surface area and the volume of interruptions were detected in the metacarpophalangeal joints of patients with RA compared with healthy subjects (median, 2.0, 1.42 mm2 , and 0.48 mm3 versus 1.0, 0.69 mm2 , and 0.23 mm3 , respectively; all p < 0.01). Findings on CR and MRI were significantly associated with more and larger interruptions on HR-pQCT (prevalence ratios [PRs] ranging from 1.03 to 7.74; all p < 0.01) in all subjects, and were consistent in patients with RA alone. Having RA was significantly associated with more and larger interruptions on HR-pQCT (PRs, 2.33 to 5.39; all p < 0.01), also after adjustment for findings on CR or MRI. More and larger cortical interruptions were found in the finger joints of patients with RA versus healthy subjects, also after adjustment for findings on CR or MRI, implying that HR-pQCT imaging may be of value in addition to CR and MRI for the evaluation of structural damage in patients with RA. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research Published by Wiley Periodicals Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michiel Peters
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research School CAPHRI, School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid van Tubergen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research School CAPHRI, School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Andrea Scharmga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research School CAPHRI, School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemariek Driessen
- Research School CAPHRI, School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert van Rietbergen
- Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daan Loeffen
- Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rene Weijers
- Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Piet Geusens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Research School CAPHRI, School for Public Health and Primary Care, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Belgium
| | - Joop van den Bergh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Belgium.,Department of Internal Medicine, VieCuri Medical Center, Venlo, The Netherlands
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10
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Goess C, Harris CM, Murdock S, McCarthy RW, Sampson E, Twomey R, Mathieu S, Mario R, Perham M, Goedken ER, Long AJ. ABBV-105, a selective and irreversible inhibitor of Bruton's tyrosine kinase, is efficacious in multiple preclinical models of inflammation. Mod Rheumatol 2018; 29:510-522. [PMID: 29862859 DOI: 10.1080/14397595.2018.1484269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a non-receptor tyrosine kinase required for intracellular signaling downstream of multiple immunoreceptors. We evaluated ABBV-105, a covalent BTK inhibitor, using in vitro and in vivo assays to determine potency, selectivity, and efficacy to validate the therapeutic potential of ABBV-105 in inflammatory disease. METHODS ABBV-105 potency and selectivity were evaluated in enzymatic and cellular assays. The impact of ABBV-105 on B cell function in vivo was assessed using mechanistic models of antibody production. Efficacy of ABBV-105 in chronic inflammatory disease was evaluated in animal models of arthritis and lupus. Measurement of BTK occupancy was employed as a target engagement biomarker. RESULTS ABBV-105 irreversibly inhibits BTK, demonstrating superior kinome selectivity and is potent in B cell receptor, Fc receptor, and TLR-9-dependent cellular assays. Oral administration resulted in rapid clearance in plasma, but maintenance of BTK splenic occupancy. ABBV-105 inhibited antibody responses to thymus-independent and thymus-dependent antigens, paw swelling and bone destruction in rat collagen induced arthritis, and reduced disease in an IFNα-accelerated lupus nephritis model. BTK occupancy in disease models correlated with in vivo efficacy. CONCLUSION ABBV-105, a selective BTK inhibitor, demonstrates compelling efficacy in pre-clinical mechanistic models of antibody production and in models of rheumatoid arthritis and lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sara Murdock
- a AbbVie Bioresearch Center , Worcester , MA , USA
| | | | - Erik Sampson
- a AbbVie Bioresearch Center , Worcester , MA , USA
| | | | | | - Regina Mario
- a AbbVie Bioresearch Center , Worcester , MA , USA
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Scharmga A, Peters M, van den Bergh JP, Geusens P, Loeffen D, van Rietbergen B, Schoonbrood T, Vosse D, Weijers R, van Tubergen A. Development of a scoring method to visually score cortical interruptions on high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography in rheumatoid arthritis and healthy controls. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200331. [PMID: 29985943 PMCID: PMC6037386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To develop a scoring method to visually score cortical interruptions in finger joints on High-Resolution peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (HR-pQCT), determine its intra- and inter-reader reliability and test its feasibility. Methods The scoring method was developed by integrating results from in-depth discussions with experts, consensus meetings, multiple reading experiments and the literature. Cortical interruptions were scored by two independent readers in an imaging dataset with finger joints from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and healthy controls and assessed for adjacent trabecular distortion. Reliability for the total number of cortical interruptions per joint and per quadrant was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Feasibility was tested by recording the time to analyze one joint. Results In 98 joints we identified 252 cortical interruptions, 17% had trabecular distortion. Mean diameter of the interruptions was significantly larger in patients with RA compared with healthy controls (0.88 vs 0.47 mm, p = 0.03). Intra-reader reliability was ICC 0.88 (95% CI 0.83;0.92) per joint and ICC 0.69 (95% CI 0.65;0.73) per quadrant. Inter-reader reliability was ICC 0.48 (95% CI 0.20;0.67) per joint and ICC 0.56 (95% CI 0.49;0.62) per quadrant. The time to score one joint was mean 9.2 (SD 4.9) min. Conclusions This scoring method allows detection of small cortical interruptions on HR-pQCT imaging of finger joints, which is promising for use in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scharmga
- Department of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Michiel Peters
- Department of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Joop P. van den Bergh
- Department of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Viecuri Medical Center, Venlo, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Piet Geusens
- Department of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - Daan Loeffen
- Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Bert van Rietbergen
- Department of Medical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedic surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Thea Schoonbrood
- Department of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Debby Vosse
- Department of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - René Weijers
- Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid van Tubergen
- Department of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Wang X, Jia Z, Almoshari Y, Lele SM, Reinhardt RA, Wang D. Local Application of Pyrophosphorylated Simvastatin Prevents Experimental Periodontitis. Pharm Res 2018; 35:164. [PMID: 29943090 PMCID: PMC7424626 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-018-2444-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Simvastatin (SIM), a HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor widely prescribed for hypercholesterolemia, has been reported to ameliorate inflammation and promote osteogenesis. Its clinical applications on these potential secondary indications, however, have been hampered by its lack of osteotropicity and poor water solubility. To address this challenge, we propose to design and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of a novel simvastatin prodrug with better water solubility and bone affinity. METHOD The prodrug (SIM-PPi) was synthesized by directly conjugating a SIM trimer to a pyrophosphate (PPi). It was characterized and evaluated in vitro for its water solubility, osteotropicity, toxicity, anti-inflammatory and osteoinductive properties. It was then tested for anti-inflammatory and osteoinductive properties in vivo by three weekly injections into gingiva of a ligature-induced experimental periodontitis rat model. RESULTS In vitro studies showed that SIM-PPi has greatly improved water-solubility of SIM and shows strong binding to hydroxyapatite (HA). In macrophage culture, SIM-PPi inhibited LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6). In osteoblast culture, it was found to significantly increase alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity with accelerated mineral deposition, confirming the osteogenic potential of SIM-PPi. When tested in vivo on an experimental periodontal bone-loss model, SIM-PPi exhibited a superior prophylactic effect compared to dose equivalent SIM in reducing inflammatory cells and in preserving alveolar bone structure, as shown in the histological and micro-CT data. CONCLUSION SIM-PPi may have the potential to be further developed for better clinical management of bone loss associated with periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobei Wang
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198-6125, USA
| | - Zhenshan Jia
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198-6125, USA
| | - Yosif Almoshari
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198-6125, USA
- The Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Subodh M Lele
- The Department of Pathology & Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 6819-3135, USA
| | - Richard A Reinhardt
- The Department of Surgical Specialties, College of Dentistry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Lincoln, Nebraska, 68583-0740, USA
| | - Dong Wang
- The Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, 68198-6125, USA.
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Löfvall H, Newbould H, Karsdal MA, Dziegiel MH, Richter J, Henriksen K, Thudium CS. Osteoclasts degrade bone and cartilage knee joint compartments through different resorption processes. Arthritis Res Ther 2018; 20:67. [PMID: 29636095 PMCID: PMC5894194 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-018-1564-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoclasts have been strongly implicated in osteoarthritic cartilage degradation, at least indirectly via bone resorption, and have been shown to degrade cartilage in vitro. The osteoclast resorption processes required to degrade subchondral bone and cartilage—the remodeling of which is important in the osteoarthritic disease process—have not been previously described, although cathepsin K has been indicated to participate. In this study we profile osteoclast-mediated degradation of bovine knee joint compartments in a novel in vitro model using biomarkers of extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation to assess the potential of osteoclast-derived resorption processes to degrade different knee joint compartments. Methods Mature human osteoclasts were cultured on ECMs isolated from bovine knees—articular cartilage, cortical bone, and osteochondral junction ECM (a subchondral bone-calcified cartilage mixture)—in the presence of inhibitors: the cystein protease inhibitor E-64, the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitor GM6001, or the vacuolar-type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase) inhibitor diphyllin. Biomarkers of bone (calcium and C-terminal type I collagen (CTX-I)) and cartilage (C2M) degradation were measured in the culture supernatants. Cultures without osteoclasts were used as background samples. Background-subtracted biomarker levels were normalized to the vehicle condition and were analyzed using analysis of variance with Tukey or Dunnett’s T3 post hoc test, as applicable. Results Osteochondral CTX-I release was inhibited by E-64 (19% of vehicle, p = 0.0008), GM6001 (51% of vehicle, p = 0.013), and E-64/GM6001 combined (4% of vehicle, p = 0.0007)—similarly to bone CTX-I release. Diphyllin also inhibited osteochondral CTX-I release (48% of vehicle, p = 0.014), albeit less than on bone (4% of vehicle, p < 0.0001). Osteochondral C2M release was only inhibited by E-64 (49% of vehicle, p = 0.07) and GM6001 (14% of vehicle, p = 0.006), with complete abrogation when combined (0% of vehicle, p = 0.004). Cartilage C2M release was non-significantly inhibited by E-64 (69% of vehicle, p = 0.98) and was completely abrogated by GM6001 (0% of vehicle, p = 0.16). Conclusions Our study supports that osteoclasts can resorb non-calcified and calcified cartilage independently of acidification. We demonstrated both MMP-mediated and cysteine protease-mediated resorption of calcified cartilage. Osteoclast functionality was highly dependent on the resorbed substrate, as different ECMs required different osteoclast processes for degradation. Our novel culture system has potential to facilitate drug and biomarker development aimed at rheumatic diseases, e.g. osteoarthritis, where pathological osteoclast processes in specific joint compartments may contribute to the disease process. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13075-018-1564-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Löfvall
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark.,Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Hannah Newbould
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten A Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Morten H Dziegiel
- Department of Clinical Immunology, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Johan Richter
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Strategic Center for Stem Cell Biology, Lund, Sweden
| | - Kim Henriksen
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 205-207, 2730, Herlev, Denmark
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Early sclerostin expression explains bone formation inhibition before arthritis onset in the rat adjuvant-induced arthritis model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3492. [PMID: 29472591 PMCID: PMC5823923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21886-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Periarticular bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is considered to be mainly related to synovial inflammation. However, strong bone loss has also described at the time of arthritis onset. Recently, a paradoxical exacerbation of joint damage was described when blocking sclerostin in various arthritis models. Thus, we aimed to determine kinetics of bone loss and its mechanisms in the adjuvant induced arthritis (AIA) rat model of RA. AIA was induced (n = 35) or not (n = 35) at day 0. In addition to well-known arthritis at day 12, we showed with 3D-imaging and histomorphometry that bone microstructural alterations occurred early from day 8 post-induction, characterized by cortical porosity and trabecular bone loss. Active osteoclastic surfaces were increased from day 8 with RANKL upregulation. More surprisingly SOST and DKK1 were overexpressed from day 6 and followed by a dramatic decrease in bone formation from day 8. At the time of arthritis onset, SOST and DKK1 returned to control values, but frizzled related protein 1 (SFRP1), proinflammatory cytokines, and MMPs started to increase. Bone alterations before arthritis onset reinforce the hypothesis of an early bone involvement in arthritis. Kinetics of osteocyte markers expression should be considered to refine Wnt inhibitor treatment strategies.
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Scharmga A, Geusens P, Peters M, van den Bergh JP, Loeffen D, Schoonbrood T, van Rietbergen B, Vosse D, Weijers R, van Tubergen A. Structural damage and inflammation on radiographs or magnetic resonance imaging are associated with cortical interruptions on high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography: a study in finger joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and healthy subjects. Scand J Rheumatol 2018; 47:431-439. [DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2018.1424234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Scharmga
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - P Geusens
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Viecuri Medical Center, Venlo, The Netherlands
| | - M Peters
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - JP van den Bergh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Viecuri Medical Center, Venlo, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Medicine and Life Sciences, Hasselt University, Hasselt, Belgium
| | - D Loeffen
- Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - T Schoonbrood
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - B van Rietbergen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - D Vosse
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - R Weijers
- Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - A van Tubergen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Kavoli S, Mirzaie M, Feizi F, Rakhshan V, Arash V, Bijani A. Local injection of carrageenan accelerates orthodontic tooth movement: A preliminary experimental animal study. Int Orthod 2017; 15:588-599. [PMID: 29128199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2017.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) can be accelerated by increasing bone turnover. Carrageenan is a common food additive, which can induce inflammation. Hence, it might accelerate OTM. However, it has not been investigated to date. METHODS This 2-phase preliminary animal experimental study was conducted on 28 Wistar rats. A pilot study on 5 mice was done to estimate the experimental dose of carrageenan. The first phase evaluated the effect of a 40μL carrageenan 1% injection on inflammation status in 7 rats versus 7 control rats, 6hours after the injection. The second phase examined the effect of the same dose of carrageenan on OTM speed during 21 days of incisor retraction in rat, in two groups: control (normal saline) and carrageenan (n=7×2). This sample size was pre-determined based on a priori power calculations. In phase II, osteoclastic activity was also evaluated, 21 days after the injection. The groups were compared statistically (α=0.05). RESULTS Six hours after carrageenan injection, 1, 3, and 3 rats had inflammation scores of 3 to 1, respectively. Six hours after saline injection, 1 rat had a score of 1 and the remainder had no inflammation (P=0.0023, Mann-Whitney). Twenty-one days after saline and carrageenan injection, OTMs were 0.7±0.3 and 1.1±0.4mm, respectively, (P=0.053, Mann-Whitney). Twenty-one days after saline and carrageenan injection, mean osteoclast counts were, respectively, 4.87±1.849 and 7.143±1.727 per field (P=0.025, Mann-Whitney). CONCLUSION Local injection of carrageenan can induce inflammation after 6hours. It can increase approximately 1.6-fold the speed of OTM, and increase the osteoclast count 1.5-fold after 21 days of space closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Kavoli
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maysam Mirzaie
- Dental Material Research Center, Department of Orthodontics, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Farideh Feizi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Anatomical Sciences Department, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Vahid Rakhshan
- Department of Anatomy, Dental School, Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Valiollah Arash
- Dental Material Research Center, Department of Orthodontics, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.
| | - Ali Bijani
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health research institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Accélération du mouvement dentaire orthodontique par injection locale de carraghénane : étude expérimentale préliminaire sur animaux. Int Orthod 2017; 15:588-599. [PMID: 29128198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Vascular channels in metacarpophalangeal joints: a comparative histologic and high-resolution imaging study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:8966. [PMID: 28827584 PMCID: PMC5566954 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09363-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We evaluated whether cortical interruptions classified as vascular channel (VC) on high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) could be confirmed by histology. We subsequently evaluated the image characteristics of histologically identified VCs on matched single and multiplane HR-pQCT images. Four 3-mm thick portions in three anatomic metacarpophalangeal joint specimens were selected for histologic sectioning. First, VCs identified with HR-pQCT were examined for confirmation on histology. Second and independently, VCs identified by histology were matched to single and multiplane HR-pQCT images to assess for presence of cortical interruptions. Only one out of five cortical interruptions suggestive for VC on HR-pQCT could be confirmed on histology. In contrast, 52 VCs were identified by histology of which 39 (75%) could be classified as cortical interruption or periosteal excavation on matched single HR-pQCT slices. On multiplane HR-pQCT images, 11 (21%) showed a cortical interruption in at least two consecutive slices in two planes, 36 (69%) in at least one slice in two planes and five (10%) showed no cortical interruption. Substantially more VCs were present in histology sections than initially suggested by HR-pQCT. The small size and heterogeneous presentation, limit the identification as VC on HR-pQCT.
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Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that primarily affects the joints. Self-reactive B and T lymphocytes cooperate to promote antibody responses against self proteins and are major drivers of disease. T lymphocytes also promote RA independently of B lymphocytes mainly through the production of key inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-17, that promote pathology. While the innate signals that initiate self-reactive adaptive immune responses are poorly understood, the disease is predominantly caused by inflammatory cellular infiltration and accumulation in articular tissues, and by bone erosions driven by bone-resorbing osteoclasts. Osteoclasts are giant multinucleated cells formed by the fusion of multiple myeloid cells that require short-range signals, such as the cytokines MCSF and RANKL, for undergoing differentiation. The recruitment and positioning of osteoclast precursors to sites of osteoclast differentiation by chemoattractants is an important point of control for osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Recently, the GPCR EBI2 and its oxysterol ligand 7a, 25 dihydroxycholesterol, were identified as important regulators of osteoclast precursor positioning in proximity to bone surfaces and of osteoclast differentiation under homeostasis. In chronic inflammatory diseases like RA, osteoclast differentiation is also driven by inflammatory cytokines such as TNFa and IL-1, and can occur independently of RANKL. Finally, there is growing evidence that the chemotactic signals guiding osteoclast precursors to inflamed articular sites contribute to disease and are of great interest. Furthering our understanding of the complex osteoimmune cell interactions should provide new avenues of therapeutic intervention for RA.
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Courbon G, Cleret D, Linossier MT, Vico L, Marotte H. Early Subchondral Bone Loss at Arthritis Onset Predicted Late Arthritis Severity in a Rat Arthritis Model. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:1318-1325. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Courbon
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM U1059, LBTO; Saint-Etienne France
- University of Lyon; Saint-Etienne France
| | - Damien Cleret
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM U1059, LBTO; Saint-Etienne France
- University of Lyon; Saint-Etienne France
| | | | - Laurence Vico
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM U1059, LBTO; Saint-Etienne France
- University of Lyon; Saint-Etienne France
| | - Hubert Marotte
- SAINBIOSE, INSERM U1059, LBTO; Saint-Etienne France
- University of Lyon; Saint-Etienne France
- Rheumatology Department; University Hospital of Saint-Etienne; Saint-Etienne France
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Prieto-Potin I, Largo R, Roman-Blas JA, Herrero-Beaumont G, Walsh DA. Characterization of multinucleated giant cells in synovium and subchondral bone in knee osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2015; 16:226. [PMID: 26311062 PMCID: PMC4550054 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-015-0664-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Multinucleated giant cells have been noticed in diverse arthritic conditions since their first description in rheumatoid synovium. However, their role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) still remains broadly unknown. We aimed to study the presence and characteristics of multinucleated giant cells (MGC) both in synovium and in subchondral bone tissues of patients with OA or RA. Methods Knee synovial and subchondral bone samples were from age-matched patients undergoing total joint replacement for OA or RA, or non-arthritic post mortem (PM) controls. OA synovium was stratified by histological inflammation grade using index tissue sections. Synovitis was assessed by Krenn score. Histological studies employed specific antibodies against macrophage markers or cathepsin K, or TRAP enzymatic assay. Results Inflamed OA and RA synovia displayed more multinucleated giant cells than did non-inflamed OA and PM synovia. There was a significant association between MGC numbers and synovitis severity. A TRAP negative/cathepsin K negative Langhans-like subtype was predominant in OA, whereas both Langhans-like and TRAP-positive/cathepsin K-negative foreign-body-like subtypes were most commonly detected in RA. Plasma-like and foam-like subtypes also were observed in OA and RA synovia, and the latter was found surrounding adipocytes. TRAP positive/cathepsin K positive osteoclasts were only identified adjacent to subchondral bone surfaces. TRAP positive osteoclasts were significantly increased in subchondral bone in OA and RA compared to PM controls. Conclusions Multinucleated giant cells are associated with synovitis severity, and subchondral osteoclast numbers are increased in OA, as well as in RA. Further research targeting multinucleated giant cells is warranted to elucidate their contributions to the symptoms and joint damage associated with arthritis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12891-015-0664-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Prieto-Potin
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Service of Rheumatology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Avda Reyes Católicos, 2, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Raquel Largo
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Service of Rheumatology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Avda Reyes Católicos, 2, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Jorge A Roman-Blas
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Service of Rheumatology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Avda Reyes Católicos, 2, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - Gabriel Herrero-Beaumont
- Bone and Joint Research Unit, Service of Rheumatology, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Autonomous University of Madrid, Avda Reyes Católicos, 2, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
| | - David A Walsh
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Department of Academic Rheumatology, University of Nottingham, City Hospital, Clinical Sciences Building, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK.
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Favero M, Giusti A, Geusens P, Goldring SR, Lems W, Schett G, Bianchi G. OsteoRheumatology: a new discipline? RMD Open 2015; 1:e000083. [PMID: 26557384 PMCID: PMC4632147 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2015-000083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarises recent evidence about the interaction between bone, the immune system and cartilage in disabling conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthritis. These topics have been recently discussed at the ‘OsteoRheumatology’ conference held in Genoa in October 2014. The meeting, at its 10th edition, has been conceived to bring together distinguished international experts in the fields of rheumatic and metabolic bone diseases with the aim of discussing emerging knowledge regarding the role of the bone tissue in rheumatic diseases. Moreover, this review focuses on new treatments based on underlying the pathophysiological processes in rheumatic diseases. Although, a number of issues still remain to be clarified, it seems quite clear that in clinical practice, as well as in basic and translational research, there is a need for more knowledge of the interactions between the cartilage, the immune system and the bone. In this context, ‘OsteoRheumatology’ represents a potential new discipline providing a greater insight into this interplay, in order to face the multifactorial and complex issues underlying common and disabling rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Favero
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine-DIMED , University Hospital of Padova , Padova , Italy ; Laboratory of Immunorheumatology and Tissue Regeneration/RAMSES , Rizzoli Orthopedic Research Institute , Bologna , Italy
| | - Andrea Giusti
- Bone Clinic, Department of Gerontology and Musculoskeletal Sciences , Galliera Hospital , Genoa , Italy
| | - Piet Geusens
- Department of Internal Medicine, Subdivision of Rheumatology , CAPHRI/NUTRIM, Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht , The Netherlands & UHasselt, Belgium
| | - Steven R Goldring
- Hospital for Special Surgery and Weill Cornell Medical College , New York, New York , USA
| | - Willem Lems
- Department of Rheumatology , VU Medical Centre , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 , University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Erlangen , Germany
| | - Gerolamo Bianchi
- Department of Locomotor System, Division of Rheumatology , ASL3 Genovese , Genoa , Italy
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Binks DA, Gravallese EM, Bergin D, Hodgson RJ, Tan AL, Matzelle MM, McGonagle D, Radjenovic A. Role of vascular channels as a novel mechanism for subchondral bone damage at cruciate ligament entheses in osteoarthritis and inflammatory arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 74:196-203. [PMID: 24095939 PMCID: PMC4283693 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-203972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2013] [Revised: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this work was to test whether normal peri-entheseal vascular anatomy at anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments (ACL and PCL) was associated with distribution of peri-entheseal bone erosion/bone marrow lesions (BMLs) in inflammatory arthritis (IA) and osteoarthritis (OA). METHODS Normal microanatomy was defined histologically in mice and by 3 T MRI and histology in 21 cadaveric knees. MRI of 89 patients from the Osteoarthritis Initiative and 27 patients with IA was evaluated for BMLs at ACL and PCL entheses. Antigen-induced arthritis (AIA) in mice was evaluated to ascertain whether putative peri-entheseal vascular regions influenced osteitis and bone erosion. RESULTS Vascular channels penetrating cortical bone were identified in knees of non-arthritic mice adjacent to the cruciate ligaments. On MRI of normal cadavers, vascular channels adjacent to the ACL (64% of cases) and PCL (71%) entheses were observed. Histology of 10 macroscopically normal cadaveric specimens confirmed the location of vascular channels and associated subclinical changes including subchondral bone damage (80% of cases) and micro-cyst formation (50%). In the AIA model, vascular channels clearly provided a site for inflammatory tissue entry and osteoclast activation. MRI showed BMLs in the same topographic locations in both patients with early OA (41% ACL, 59% PCL) and IA (44%, 33%). CONCLUSION The findings show that normal ACL and PCL entheses have immediately adjacent vascular channels which are common sites of subtle bone marrow pathology in non-arthritic joints. These channels appear to be key determinants in bone damage in inflammatory and degenerative arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Binks
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, National Institute for Health Research, Chapel Allerton Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - E M Gravallese
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D Bergin
- Department of Radiology, Galway University Hospitals, Galway, Ireland
| | - R J Hodgson
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, National Institute for Health Research, Chapel Allerton Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A L Tan
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, National Institute for Health Research, Chapel Allerton Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - M M Matzelle
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D McGonagle
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, National Institute for Health Research, Chapel Allerton Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - A Radjenovic
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, National Institute for Health Research, Chapel Allerton Hospital, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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Siebuhr AS, He Y, Gudmann NS, Gram A, Kjelgaard-Petersen CF, Qvist P, Karsdal MA, Bay-Jensen AC. Biomarkers of cartilage and surrounding joint tissue. Biomark Med 2014; 8:713-31. [DOI: 10.2217/bmm.13.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The identification and clinical demonstration of efficacy and safety of osteo- and chondro-protective drugs are met with certain difficulties. During the last few decades, the pharmaceutical industry has, in the field of rheumatology, experienced disappointments associated with the development of disease modification. Today, the vast amount of patients suffering from serious, chronic joint diseases can only be offered treatments aimed at improving symptoms, such as pain and acute inflammation, and are not aimed at protecting the joint tissue. This huge, unmet medical need has been the driver behind the development of improved analytical techniques allowing better and more efficient clinical trial design, implementation and analysis. With this review, we aim to provide a brief and general overview of biochemical markers of joint tissue, with special focus on neoepitopes. Furthermore, we highlight recent studies applying biochemical markers in joint degenerative diseases. These disorders, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and spondyloarthropathies, are the most predominant disorders in Europe and the USA, and have enormous socioeconomical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne S Siebuhr
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev Hovedgade 207, Herlev DK-2730, Denmark
| | - Yi He
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev Hovedgade 207, Herlev DK-2730, Denmark
| | - Natasja S Gudmann
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev Hovedgade 207, Herlev DK-2730, Denmark
| | - Aurelie Gram
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev Hovedgade 207, Herlev DK-2730, Denmark
| | | | - Per Qvist
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev Hovedgade 207, Herlev DK-2730, Denmark
| | - Morten A Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev Hovedgade 207, Herlev DK-2730, Denmark
| | - Anne C Bay-Jensen
- Nordic Bioscience, Biomarkers & Research, Herlev Hovedgade 207, Herlev DK-2730, Denmark
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Koufany M, Chappard D, Netter P, Bastien C, Weryha G, Jouzeau JY, Moulin D. The Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Agonist Pioglitazone Preserves Bone Microarchitecture in Experimental Arthritis by Reducing the Interleukin-17-Dependent Osteoclastogenic Pathway. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 65:3084-95. [DOI: 10.1002/art.38130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Koufany
- UMR-7365, CNRS, Université de Lorraine; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy France
| | - Daniel Chappard
- IRIS-IBS Institut de Biologie en Santé and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers; Angers France
| | - Patrick Netter
- UMR-7365, CNRS, Université de Lorraine; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire; Nancy France
| | - Claire Bastien
- Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy France
| | - Georges Weryha
- Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy France
| | - Jean-Yves Jouzeau
- UMR-7365, CNRS, Université de Lorraine; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy France
- Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire; Nancy France
| | - David Moulin
- UMR-7365, CNRS, Université de Lorraine; Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy France
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Karsdal MA, Bay-Jensen AC, Lories RJ, Abramson S, Spector T, Pastoureau P, Christiansen C, Attur M, Henriksen K, Goldring SR, Kraus V. The coupling of bone and cartilage turnover in osteoarthritis: opportunities for bone antiresorptives and anabolics as potential treatments? Ann Rheum Dis 2013; 73:336-48. [PMID: 24285494 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-204111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritic disease, and a major cause of disability and impaired quality of life in the elderly. OA is a complex disease of the entire joint, affecting bone, cartilage and synovium that thereby presents multiple targets for treatment. This manuscript will summarise emerging observations from cell biology, preclinical and preliminary clinical trials that elucidate interactions between the bone and cartilage components in particular. Bone and cartilage health are tightly associated. Ample evidence has been found for bone changes during progression of OA including, but not limited to, increased turnover in the subchondral bone, undermineralisation of the trabecular structure, osteophyte formation, bone marrow lesions and sclerosis of the subchondral plate. Meanwhile, a range of investigations has shown positive effects on cartilage health when bone resorption is suppressed, or deterioration of the cartilage when resorption is increased. Known bone therapies, namely oestrogens, selective oestrogen receptor modifiers (SERMs), bisphosphonates, strontium ranelate, calcitonin and parathyroid hormone, might prove useful for treating two critical tissue components of the OA joint, the bone and the cartilage. An optimal treatment for OA likely targets at least these two tissue components. The patient subgroups for whom these therapies are most appropriate have yet to be fully defined but would likely include, at a minimum, those with high bone turnover.
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Interplay between cartilage and subchondral bone contributing to pathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:19805-30. [PMID: 24084727 PMCID: PMC3821588 DOI: 10.3390/ijms141019805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 175] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common debilitating joint disorder, affecting large sections of the population with significant disability and impaired quality of life. During OA, functional units of joints comprising cartilage and subchondral bone undergo uncontrolled catabolic and anabolic remodeling processes to adapt to local biochemical and biological signals. Changes in cartilage and subchondral bone are not merely secondary manifestations of OA but are active components of the disease, contributing to its severity. Increased vascularization and formation of microcracks in joints during OA have suggested the facilitation of molecules from cartilage to bone and vice versa. Observations from recent studies support the view that both cartilage and subchondral bone can communicate with each other through regulation of signaling pathways for joint homeostasis under pathological conditions. In this review we have tried to summarize the current knowledge on the major signaling pathways that could control the cartilage-bone biochemical unit in joints and participate in intercellular communication between cartilage and subchondral bone during the process of OA. An understanding of molecular communication that regulates the functional behavior of chondrocytes and osteoblasts in both physiological and pathological conditions may lead to development of more effective strategies for treating OA patients.
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Bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis: mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2012; 8:656-64. [PMID: 23007741 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2012.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 604] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone erosion is a central feature of rheumatoid arthritis and is associated with disease severity and poor functional outcome. Erosion of periarticular cortical bone, the typical feature observed on plain radiographs in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, results from excessive local bone resorption and inadequate bone formation. The main triggers of articular bone erosion are synovitis, including the production of proinflammatory cytokines and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL), as well as antibodies directed against citrullinated proteins. Indeed, both cytokines and autoantibodies stimulate the differentiation of bone-resorbing osteoclasts, thereby stimulating local bone resorption. Although current antirheumatic therapy inhibits both bone erosion and inflammation, repair of existing bone lesions, albeit physiologically feasible, occurs rarely. Lack of repair is due, at least in part, to active suppression of bone formation by proinflammatory cytokines. This Review summarizes the substantial progress that has been made in understanding the pathophysiology of bone erosions and discusses the improvements in the diagnosis, monitoring and treatment of such lesions.
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Nagai T, Kyo A, Hasui K, Takao S, Matsuyama T. Efficacy of an immunotoxin to folate receptor beta in the intra-articular treatment of antigen-induced arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2012; 14:R106. [PMID: 22551402 PMCID: PMC3446483 DOI: 10.1186/ar3831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 04/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction We previously demonstrated that synovial sublining macrophages express folate receptor beta (FRβ). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of intra-articular administration of a recombinant immunotoxin to FRβ for treating rat antigen-induced arthritis. Methods A monoclonal antibody (mAb) to rat FRβ was produced by immunizing mice with B300-19 cells (murine pre-B cells) transfected with the rat FRβ gene. Recombinant immunotoxin was prepared by conjugating the Fv portion of the anti-rat FRβ mAb heavy chain with a truncated Pseudomonas exotoxin A and the Fv portion of the anti-rat FRβ mAb light chain. Antigen-induced arthritis was induced through intra-articular injection of methylated bovine serum albumin (mBSA) after two subcutaneous injections of mBSA and complete Freund's adjuvant. Immunotoxin was intra-articularly injected into the arthritis joint every other day for seven days after arthritis onset. Joint swelling was measured and histological scores of inflammation, synovial thickness, cartilage, and bone destruction were determined. Immunohistochemistry was performed to detect osteoclast and osteoclast precursor FRβ-expressing macrophages and cathepsin K-positive cells on day 21. Results Intra-articular administration of the immunotoxin attenuated joint swelling (61% suppression; P < 0.01 compared to the control on day 21) and improved histological findings, particularly cartilage and bone destruction (scores of rats treated with control versus the immunotoxin: 2.2 versus 0.5; P < 0.01), by reducing the number of FRβ-expressing macrophages and cathepsin K-positive cells. Conclusions Intra-articular administration of an immunotoxin to FRβ is effective for improving rat antigen-induced arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Nagai
- Department of Immunology, Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
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Karsdal MA, Schett G, Emery P, Harari O, Byrjalsen I, Kenwright A, Bay-Jensen AC, Platt A. IL-6 receptor inhibition positively modulates bone balance in rheumatoid arthritis patients with an inadequate response to anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy: biochemical marker analysis of bone metabolism in the tocilizumab RADIATE study (NCT00106522). Semin Arthritis Rheum 2012; 42:131-9. [PMID: 22397953 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2011] [Revised: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate changes in biochemical markers of bone metabolism in response to tocilizumab in patients with anti-tumor necrosis factor-refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS RADIATE was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase 3 trial. C-reactive protein, osteocalcin (OC), C-terminal telopeptides of type-I collagen (C-terminal telopeptides of type-1 collagen (CTX-I) and type-I collagen degradation product), and matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3) serum levels were analyzed from 299 RA patients. Patients were randomly assigned to either tocilizumab (4 or 8 mg/kg) or placebo intravenously every 4 weeks, along with concomitant stable methotrexate (10 to 25 mg weekly) in all treatment arms. The change in biochemical markers CTX-I and OC in combination was evaluated as a measure of net bone balance, a reflection of the change in equilibrium between resorption and formation. RESULTS Both tocilizumab doses decreased C-reactive protein levels and significantly inhibited cathepsin K-mediated bone resorption in RADIATE subjects, as measured by a decrease in CTX-I. There was a significant overall improvement in net bone balance at week 16 as measured by a decrease in the CTX-I:OC ratio (-25%, P < 0.01). Furthermore, a significant reduction in MMP-3 (43%, P < 0.001) and type-I collagen degradation product levels (18%, P < 0.001) were observed following treatment, both consistent with decreased MMP-mediated type-I collagen catabolism in joint tissue. CONCLUSIONS In anti-tumor necrosis factor-refractory patients, tocilizumab significantly reduced the levels of biochemical markers of cathepsin K-mediated bone resorption and MMP-mediated tissue degradation and remodeling. These observations suggest that tocilizumab has a positive effect on bone balance, which could in part explain the retardation of progressive structural damage observed with tocilizumab. Clinical trial registry number: NCT00106522.
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Hsu YC, Cheng CP, Chang DM. Plectranthus amboinicus attenuates inflammatory bone erosion in mice with collagen-induced arthritis by downregulation of RANKL-induced NFATc1 expression. J Rheumatol 2011; 38:1844-57. [PMID: 21724708 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.101223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Plectranthus amboinicus has been known to treat inflammatory diseases or swelling symptoms. We investigated whether P. amboinicus exhibited an inhibitory effect on osteoclastogenesis in vitro and inflammatory bone erosion in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice, an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. We attempted to identify the active component of P. amboinicus involved in regulation of osteoclastogenesis. METHODS We treated M-CSF- and RANKL-stimulated murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMM) and RANKL-induced RAW264.7 cells with different concentrations of P. amboinicus or rosmarinic acid, a phytopolyphenol purified from P. amboinicus, to monitor osteoclast formation by TRAP staining. The mechanism of the inhibition was studied by biochemical analysis such as RT-PCR and immunoblotting. CIA mice were administered gavages of P. amboinicus (375 mg/kg) or placebo. Then clinical, histological, and biochemical measures were assessed to determine the effects of P. amboinicus on synovial inflammation and bone erosion by H&E staining of the inflamed joints and ELISA. RESULTS Rosmarinic acid strongly inhibited RANKL-induced NF-κB activation and nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) nuclear translocation in BMM, and also inhibited RANKL-induced formation of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells. A pit formation assay and the CIA animal model showed that P. amboinicus significantly inhibited the bone-resorbing activity of mature osteoclasts. CONCLUSION We postulated that rosmarinic acid conferred the inhibitory activity on P. amboinicus for inhibition of osteoclastogenesis via downregulation of RANKL-induced NFATc1 expression. Our results indicated the possibility of P. amboinicus as a new remedy against inflammatory bone destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chieh Hsu
- Rheumatology/Immunology/Allergy, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 161 MinChuan E. Road, Sec. 6, Neihu 114, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Benson R, Patakas A, McQueenie R, Ross K, McInnes I, Brewer J, Garside P. Arthritis in space and time - To boldly go! FEBS Lett 2011; 585:3640-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2011.04.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2011] [Revised: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Karsdal MA, Woodworth T, Henriksen K, Maksymowych WP, Genant H, Vergnaud P, Christiansen C, Schubert T, Qvist P, Schett G, Platt A, Bay-Jensen AC. Biochemical markers of ongoing joint damage in rheumatoid arthritis--current and future applications, limitations and opportunities. Arthritis Res Ther 2011; 13:215. [PMID: 21539724 PMCID: PMC3132026 DOI: 10.1186/ar3280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease associated with potentially debilitating joint inflammation, as well as altered skeletal bone metabolism and co-morbid conditions. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment to control disease activity offers the highest likelihood of preserving function and preventing disability. Joint inflammation is characterized by synovitis, osteitis, and/or peri-articular osteopenia, often accompanied by development of subchondral bone erosions, as well as progressive joint space narrowing. Biochemical markers of joint cartilage and bone degradation may enable timely detection and assessment of ongoing joint damage, and their use in facilitating treatment strategies is under investigation. Early detection of joint damage may be assisted by the characterization of biochemical markers that identify patients whose joint damage is progressing rapidly and who are thus most in need of aggressive treatment, and that, alone or in combination, identify those individuals who are likely to respond best to a potential treatment, both in terms of limiting joint damage and relieving symptoms. The aims of this review are to describe currently available biochemical markers of joint metabolism in relation to the pathobiology of joint damage and systemic bone loss in RA; to assess the limitations of, and need for additional, novel biochemical markers in RA and other rheumatic diseases, and the strategies used for assay development; and to examine the feasibility of advancement of personalized health care using biochemical markers to select therapeutic agents to which a patient is most likely to respond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten A Karsdal
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 207, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
- Southern University of Denmark (SDU), Campusvej 55DK-5230 Odense M Denmark
| | - Thasia Woodworth
- Leading Edge Clinical Research LLC, 3901 SE St Lucie Blvd unit 20, Stuart, Florida 34997, USA
| | - Kim Henriksen
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 207, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Walter P Maksymowych
- University of Alberta, 562 Heritage Medical Research Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2S2, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Per Qvist
- Nordic Bioscience, Herlev Hovedgade 207, DK-2730 Herlev, Denmark
| | - Georg Schett
- University of Erlangen-Nurnberg Department of Internal Medicine, Krankenhausstraße 12, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Adam Platt
- Roche Products Limited, 6 Falcon Way, Shire Park, Welwyn Garden City, AL7 1TW, UK
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Attia EAS, Khafagy A, Abdel-Raheem S, Fathi S, Saad AA. Assessment of osteoporosis in psoriasis with and without arthritis: correlation with disease severity. Int J Dermatol 2011; 50:30-5. [PMID: 21182499 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2010.04600.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most frequent extracutaneous association with psoriasis is arthritis. Because proinflammatory cytokines are increased in psoriasis, patients with this disease may be more prone to osteoporosis than the healthy individuals. METHODS We evaluated 50 patients with psoriasis, with or without psoriatic arthritis (PsA), for the presence and degree of osteoporosis by performing dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and obtaining serum osteoprotegrin (OPG) levels. In addition, we correlated these results with the extent of skin and joint disease. Psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) was determined in all 50 patients with psoriasis, and total joint score (TJS) was recorded in the 16 patients who also had PsA. Results of DEXA and serum OPG were also obtained for 20 healthy individuals who served as controls. RESULTS Osteoprotegrin level was significantly increased in psoriasis patients (with or without PsA) vs. controls. However, DEXA revealed that PsA patients had a higher degree of osteoporosis in the femur neck and wrist. In PsA patients, TJS correlated positively with both disease duration and PASI but correlated negatively with Z score of the femur. CONCLUSION Psoriasis patients with or without arthritis may suffer from osteoporosis as evidenced by significantly increased serum OPG. Prolonged and extensive cutaneous disease is an important risk factor for the development and severity of PsA. Patients with a greater number of affected joints are at higher risk of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enas A S Attia
- Departments of Dermatology, Venereology, and Andrology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
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Schett G, Stolina M, Dwyer D, Zack D, Uderhardt S, Krönke G, Kostenuik P, Feige U. Tumor necrosis factor α and RANKL blockade cannot halt bony spur formation in experimental inflammatory arthritis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 60:2644-54. [DOI: 10.1002/art.24767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Cho ML, Heo YJ, Park MK, Oh HJ, Park JS, Woo YJ, Ju JH, Park SH, Kim HY, Min JK. Grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) attenuates collagen-induced arthritis. Immunol Lett 2009; 124:102-10. [PMID: 19446580 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2009.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2009] [Revised: 04/29/2009] [Accepted: 05/03/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
To examine whether grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) which is known to act as an antioxidant has therapeutic effect on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in mice, an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis. Mice were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of GSPE (10, 50, or 100 mg/kg) or saline. Clinical, histological, and biochemical parameters were assessed. The effects of GSPE on osteoclastogenesis were determined by tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining of the inflamed joints and bone-marrow cells cultured with the receptor activator of nuclear factor B ligand (RANKL) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF). Intracellular levels of hydrogen peroxide were determined using carboxy-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. GSPE treatment significantly attenuated the severity of CIA in a dose-dependent manner and reduced the histology scores for synovial inflammation, cartilage erosion, bone erosion, and the number of TRAP+ osteoclasts. GSPE treatment significantly reduced the numbers of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)- or interleukin 17 (IL-17)-producing cells in the synovial tissue and the spontaneous production of TNF-alpha and IL-17 by splenocytes compared with those in the control mice. The serum levels of type-II-collagen-specific IgG2a and plasma levels of 8-isoprostane in the GSPE-treated mice were significantly lower than those in the control mice. GSPE dose-dependently suppressed osteoclastogenesis in vitro. GSPE significantly reduced hydrogen peroxide production by anti-CD3-monoclonal-antibody-stimulated CD4+ splenocytes. These results indicate that intraperitoneal injection of GSPE attenuated CIA in mice. GSPE may be useful in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-La Cho
- The Rheumatism Research Center, Catholic Research Institute of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Anandarajah AP. Role of RANKL in bone diseases. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2009; 20:88-94. [PMID: 19185505 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2008.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Revised: 10/15/2008] [Accepted: 10/17/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone remodeling is a tightly regulated process of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, balanced by osteoblast-mediated bone formation. Disruption of this balance can lead to increased bone turnover, resulting in excessive bone loss or extra bone formation and consequent skeletal disease. The receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) (along with its receptor), the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB and its natural decoy receptor, osteoprotegerin, are the final effector proteins of osteoclastic bone resorption. Here, I provide an overview of recent studies that highlight the key role of RANKL in the pathophysiology of several bone diseases and discuss the novel therapeutic approaches afforded by the modulation of RANKL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allen P Anandarajah
- Division of Allergy, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.
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Anandarajah AP, Schwarz EM. Bone Loss in the Spondyloarthropathies: Role of Osteoclast, RANKL, RANK and OPG in the Spondyloarthropathies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2009; 649:85-99. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4419-0298-6_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Winrow VR, Mesher J, Meghji S, Morris CJ, Maguire M, Fox S, Coates ARM, Tormay P, Blake DR, Henderson B. The two homologous chaperonin 60 proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have distinct effects on monocyte differentiation into osteoclasts. Cell Microbiol 2008; 10:2091-104. [PMID: 18616692 DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2008.01193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis produces two homologous chaperonin (Cpn)60 proteins, Cpn60.1 and Cpn60.2 (Hsp65). Both proteins stimulate human and murine monocyte cytokine synthesis but, unlike Cpn60 proteins from other microbial species, fail to stimulate the breakdown of cultured murine bone. Here, we have examined the mechanism of action of these proteins on bone remodelling and osteoclastogenesis, induced in vitro in murine calvarial explants and the murine monocyte cell line RAW264.7. Additionally, we have determined their effect on bone remodelling in vivo in an animal model of arthritis. Recombinant Cpn60.1 but not Cpn60.2 inhibited bone breakdown both in vitro, in murine calvaria and in vivo, in experimental arthritis. Analysis of the mechanism of action of Cpn60.1 suggests that this protein works by directly blocking the synthesis of the key osteoclast transcription factor, nuclear factor of activated T cells c1. The detection of circulating immunoreactive intact Cpn60.1 in a small number of patients with tuberculosis but not in healthy controls further suggests that the skeleton may be affected in patients with tuberculosis. Taken together, these findings reveal that M. tuberculosis Cpn60.1 is a potent and novel inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis both in vitro and in vivo and a potential cure for bone-resorptive diseases like osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivienne R Winrow
- School for Health and Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK
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Karsdal MA, Leeming DJ, Dam EB, Henriksen K, Alexandersen P, Pastoureau P, Altman RD, Christiansen C. Should subchondral bone turnover be targeted when treating osteoarthritis? Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2008; 16:638-46. [PMID: 18362080 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2008.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2007] [Accepted: 01/18/2008] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of arthritic disease, and it is a major cause of disability and impaired quality of life in the elderly. OA is a complex disease of the entire joint, including bone and cartilage, thereby presenting alternative approaches for treatment. This review summarizes emerging observations from cell biology to preliminary clinical trials, describing interactions between the bone and cartilage components. We speculate whether a treatment for OA would be possible without targeting the bone compartment? METHODS Peer-reviewed articles found using pre-defined search criteria and published in the PubMed database until June 2007 are summarized. In addition, abstracts from the OsteoArthritis Research Society International (OARSI) conferences in the time period 2000-2007 were included. RESULTS Bone and cartilage health seem to be tightly associated. Ample evidence is found for bone changes during progression of OA, including, but not limited to, increased turnover in the subchondral bone, thinning of the trabecular structure, osteophytes, bone marrow lesions and sclerosis of the subchondral plate. In addition, a range of investigations has described secondary positive effects on cartilage health when bone resorption was suppressed, or deterioration of the cartilage when resorption is increased. CONCLUSION An optimal treatment for OA might include targeting both the bone and cartilage compartments. Hence, as several cell systems are to be targeted in a safe manner, limited options seem possible.
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Koufany M, Moulin D, Bianchi A, Muresan M, Sebillaud S, Netter P, Weryha G, Jouzeau JY. Anti-inflammatory effect of antidiabetic thiazolidinediones prevents bone resorption rather than cartilage changes in experimental polyarthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2008; 10:R6. [PMID: 18199331 PMCID: PMC2374462 DOI: 10.1186/ar2354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2007] [Revised: 11/27/2007] [Accepted: 01/16/2008] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rosiglitazone and pioglitazone are high-affinity peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ agonists with potent anti-diabetic properties and potential anti-inflammatory effects. We compared the ability of a range of oral doses of these thiazolidinediones, including those sufficient to restore insulin sensitization, to inhibit the pathogenesis of adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA). Methods AIA was induced in Lewis rats by a subcutaneous injection of 1 mg of complete Freund's adjuvant. Rats were treated orally for 21 days with pioglitazone 3, 10 or 30 mg/kg/day, rosiglitazone 3 or 10 mg/kg/day, or with vehicle only. The time course of AIA was evaluated by biotelemetry to monitor body temperature and locomotor activity, by clinical score and plethysmographic measurement of hindpaw oedema. At necropsy, RT-PCR analysis was performed on synovium, liver and subcutaneous fat. Changes in cartilage were evaluated by histological examination of ankle joints, radiolabelled sulphate incorporation (proteoglycan synthesis), glycosaminoglycan content (proteoglycan turnover) and aggrecan expression in patellar cartilage. Whole-body bone mineral content was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results The highest doses of rosiglitazone (10 mg/kg/day) or pioglitazone (30 mg/kg/day) were required to reduce fever peaks associated with acute or chronic inflammation, respectively, and to decrease arthritis severity. At these doses, thiazolidinediones reduced synovitis and synovial expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and basic fibroblast growth factor without affecting neovascularization or the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor. Thiazolidinediones failed to prevent cartilage lesions and arthritis-induced inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis, aggrecan mRNA level or glycosaminoglycan content in patellar cartilage, but reduced bone erosions and inflammatory bone loss. A trend towards lower urinary levels of deoxipyridinolin was also noted in arthritic rats treated with thiazolidinediones. Rosiglitazone 10 mg/kg/day or pioglitazone 30 mg/kg/day increased the expression of PPAR-γ and adiponectin in adipose tissue, confirming that they were activating PPAR-γ in inflammatory conditions, although an increase in fat mass percentage was observed for the most anti-arthritic dose. Conclusion These data emphasize that higher dosages of thiazolidinediones are required for the treatment of arthritis than for restoring insulin sensitivity but that thiazolidinediones prevent inflammatory bone loss despite exposing animals to increased fatness possibly resulting from excessive activation of PPAR-γ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Koufany
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie et Pharmacologie Articulaires (LPPA), UMR 7561 CNRS-Nancy Université, avenue de la forêt de Haye, BP 184, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
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Abstract
Inflammation and degradation of bone are two closely linked processes. Chronic inflammatory arthritis not only leads to inflammatory bone loss but it also involves local erosion of articular bone. This osteo-destructive feature of chronic inflammatory arthritis is a major cause of disability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoclasts are essential for the resorption of mineralized cartilage and subchondral bone in chronic arthritis. The observed up-regulation of osteoclast differentiation factors (receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand [RANKL]) in the synovial membrane of chronically inflamed joints indicates that osteoclasts are abundant in this setting, leading to rapid degradation of mineralized tissue. Blockade of osteoclast formation is thus a key strategy in preventing structural damage in arthritis. Denosumab, a humanized antibody that neutralizes RANKL, is an attractive candidate agent to inhibit inflammatory bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells of hematopoietic origin and are the primary bone resorbing cells. Numerous osteoclasts are found within the synovial tissue at sites adjacent to bone, creating resorption pits and local bone destruction. They are equipped with specific enzymes and a proton pump that enable them to degrade bone matrix and solubilize calcium, respectively. The synovial tissue of inflamed joints has a particularly high potential to accumulate osteoclasts because it harbors monocytes/macrophages, which function as osteoclast precursors, as well as cells that provide the specific molecular signals that drive osteoclast formation. Osteoclasts thus represent a link between joint inflammation and structural damage since they resorb mineralized tissue adjacent to the joint and destroy the joint architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine III and Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Abstract
Inflammatory synovitis induces profound bone loss and OCLs are the instrument of this destruction. TNF blockers have an established role in the prevention of inflammatory bone loss in RA; however, not all patients respond to anti-TNF therapy and side effects may prevent long-term treatment in others. The B-cell--depleting antibody rituximab and the T-cell costimulation blocker abatacept are emerging as major treatment options for patients who are resistant to anti-TNF [96,97]. Proof-of-concept studies demonstrate that targeting RANK-mediated osteoclastogenesis prevents inflammatory bone loss and clinical application has only just begun. The efficacy of RANKL inhibition has been witnessed in trials of Denosumab, and RANKL-neutralizing antibodies are likely to become the treatment of choice for blocking RANKL in RA [77,78]. A major limitation of RANKL antagonism is that it does not treat synovitis. Therefore, anti-RANKL therapy most likely will be used in the context of MTX therapy. There is uncertainty about the possible extraskeletal adverse effects of long-term effects of long-term RANKL blockade. In particular, anti-RANKL therapy could jeopardize dendritic cell function or survival. The demonstrable role of OCLs in inflammation-induced bone loss also invites a reconsideration of the new BPs for bone protection [98]. Studies of ZA in preclinical models indicate that bone protection is comparable to that afforded by OPG. One possible caveat is that intravenous BPs are linked to jaw osteonecrosis [99], although the incidence is confined mainly to intensive treatment in the oncology setting. Although pulsed PTH stimulated bone formation in arthritic models, it has yet to be proven clinically in the context of powerful OCL inhibition with TNF or RANKL antagonists. With strategies that normalize OCL numbers, clinicians are poised to accomplish effective prevention of inflammation-induced bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evange Romas
- The University of Melbourne, St. Vincent's Hospital, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, 3065, Australia.
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Zwerina J, Tuerk B, Redlich K, Smolen JS, Schett G. Imbalance of local bone metabolism in inflammatory arthritis and its reversal upon tumor necrosis factor blockade: direct analysis of bone turnover in murine arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2007; 8:R22. [PMID: 16507121 PMCID: PMC1526585 DOI: 10.1186/ar1872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2005] [Revised: 10/18/2005] [Accepted: 11/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic arthritis typically leads to loss of periarticular bone, which results from an imbalance between bone formation and bone resorption. Recent research has focused on the role of osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption in arthritis. Bone resorption cannot be observed isolated, however, since it is closely linked to bone formation and altered bone formation may also affect inflammatory bone loss. To simultaneously assess bone resorption and bone formation in inflammatory arthritis, we developed a histological technique that allows visualization of osteoblast function by in-situ hybridization for osteocalcin and osteoclast function by histochemistry for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase. Paw sections from human tumor necrosis factor transgenic mice, which develop an erosive arthritis, were analyzed at three different skeletal sites: subchondral bone erosions, adjacent cortical bone channels, and endosteal regions distant from bone erosions. In subchondral bone erosions, osteoclasts were far more common than osteoblasts. In contrast, cortical bone channels underneath subchondral bone erosions showed an accumulation of osteoclasts but also of functional osteoblasts resembling a status of high bone turnover. In contrast, more distant skeletal sites showed only very low bone turnover with few scattered osteoclasts and osteoblasts. Within subchondral bone erosions, osteoclasts populated the subchondral as well as the inner wall, whereas osteoblasts were almost exclusively found along the cortical surface. Blockade of tumor necrosis factor reversed the negative balance of bone turnover, leading to a reduction of osteoclast numbers and enhanced osteoblast numbers, whereas the blockade of osteoclastogenesis by osteoprotegerin also abrogated the osteoblastic response. These data indicate that bone resorption dominates at skeletal sites close to synovial inflammatory tissue, whereas bone formation is induced at more distant sites attempting to counter-regulate bone resorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Zwerina
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Tuerk
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Kurt Redlich
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef S Smolen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Georg Schett
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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Schett G, Hayer S, Zwerina J, Redlich K, Smolen JS. Mechanisms of Disease: the link between RANKL and arthritic bone disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 1:47-54. [PMID: 16932627 DOI: 10.1038/ncprheum0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2005] [Accepted: 08/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation and bone loss are closely linked pathophysiologic events. The most typical example of inflammatory bone loss is seen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis who develop systemic osteopenia as well as local breakdown of bone in the direct vicinity of inflamed joints. Understanding the mechanisms of arthritic bone degradation is crucial for designing therapies that can specifically protect joints from structural damage. Since osteoclast differentiation and activity are key events in arthritic bone damage, the signals that trigger osteoclastogenesis are potential therapeutic targets. Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (RANK) is activated by its ligand, RANKL, an essential molecule for osteoclast development: in the absence of RANKL or RANK, osteoclast differentiation from monocyte precursors does not occur. RANKL is expressed on T cells and fibroblasts within the synovial inflammatory tissue of patients with RA and its expression is regulated by proinflammatory cytokines. In animal models of arthritis, blockade of RANKL-RANK interactions, or a genetic absence of RANKL or RANK, protects against joint damage despite the presence of joint inflammation. Therefore, inhibition of RANKL is regarded as a promising future strategy for inhibiting inflammatory bone loss in patients with chronic inflammatory arthritis.
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