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Shumilova A, Vital EM. Musculoskeletal manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2023; 37:101859. [PMID: 37620235 DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2023.101859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
MSK is the most common and impactful symptom of lupus at a population level. It has a variety of different presentations, but joint swelling is often not present despite imaging-proven synovitis. Imaging with US and MRI has been shown to improve detection of inflammation and identify treatment-responsive patients. In contrast, the SLEDAI shows poor sensitivity, specificity, and responsiveness. While BILAG and SLE-DAS are superior, they are still less accurate than imaging. These issues may explain why the evidence for conventional and biologic therapies for MSK lupus is complex. In clinical practice, physicians must take care not to underestimate MSK inflammation and consider using imaging. Future research should investigate new therapeutic targets specifically for synovitis and more sensitive outcome measures and trials to evaluate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Shumilova
- University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Moscow, Russian Federation
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2
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Psarras A, Wittmann M, Vital EM. Emerging concepts of type I interferons in SLE pathogenesis and therapy. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2022; 18:575-590. [PMID: 36097207 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-022-00826-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Type I interferons have been suspected for decades to have a crucial role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Evidence has now overturned several long-held assumptions about how type I interferons are regulated and cause pathological conditions, providing a new view of SLE pathogenesis that resolves longstanding clinical dilemmas. This evidence includes data on interferons in relation to genetic predisposition and epigenetic regulation. Importantly, data are now available on the role of interferons in the early phases of the disease and the importance of non-haematopoietic cellular sources of type I interferons, such as keratinocytes, renal tubular cells, glial cells and synovial stromal cells, as well as local responses to type I interferons within these tissues. These local effects are found not only in inflamed target organs in established SLE, but also in histologically normal skin during asymptomatic preclinical phases, suggesting a role in disease initiation. In terms of clinical application, evidence relating to biomarkers to characterize the type I interferon system is complex, and, notably, interferon-blocking therapies are now licensed for the treatment of SLE. Collectively, the available data enable us to propose a model of disease pathogenesis that invokes the unique value of interferon-targeted therapies. Accordingly, future approaches in SLE involving disease reclassification and preventative strategies in preclinical phases should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios Psarras
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.,Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Miriam Wittmann
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Edward M Vital
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. .,NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK.
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3
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Dörner T, Vital EM, Ohrndorf S, Alten R, Bello N, Haladyj E, Burmester G. A Narrative Literature Review Comparing the Key Features of Musculoskeletal Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Rheumatol Ther 2022; 9:781-802. [PMID: 35359260 PMCID: PMC9127025 DOI: 10.1007/s40744-022-00442-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the clinical approach to the management of musculoskeletal manifestations in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is often similar to that of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), there are distinct differences in immunopathogenesis, structural and imaging phenotypes and therapeutic evidence. Additionally, there are few published comparisons of these diseases. The objective of this narrative literature review is to compare the immunopathogenesis, structural features, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) studies and management of joint manifestations in RA and SLE. We highlight the key similarities and differences between the two diseases. Overall, the literature evaluated indicates that synovitis and radiographical progression are the key features in RA, while inflammation without swelling, tendinitis and tenosynovitis are more prominent features in SLE. In addition, the importance of defining patients with RA by the presence or absence of autoantibodies and categorizing patients with SLE by synovitis detected by musculoskeletal ultrasound and by structural phenotype (non-deforming, non-erosive arthritis, Jaccoud’s arthropathy and ‘Rhupus’) with respect to joint manifestations will also be discussed. An increased understanding of the joint manifestations in RA and SLE may inform evidence-based clinical decisions for both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Dörner
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Edward M Vital
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, National Institute for Health Research, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, Leeds, UK
| | - Sarah Ohrndorf
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rieke Alten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Schlosspark-Klinik, Teaching Hospital of the Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ewa Haladyj
- Eli Lilly and Company, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gerd Burmester
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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4
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Haque M, Siegel RJ, Fox DA, Ahmed S. Interferon-stimulated GTPases in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases: promising role for the guanylate-binding protein (GBP) family. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:494-506. [PMID: 33159795 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keaa609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human IFNs are secreted cytokines shown to stimulate the expression of over one thousand genes. These IFN-inducible genes primarily encode four major protein families, known as IFN-stimulated GTPases (ISGs), namely myxovirus-resistance proteins, guanylate-binding proteins (GBPs), p47 immunity-related GTPases and very large inducible guanosine triphosphate hydrolases (GTPases). These families respond specifically to type I or II IFNs and are well reported in coordinating immunity against some well known as well as newly discovered viral, bacterial and parasitic infections. A growing body of evidence highlights the potential contributory and regulatory roles of ISGs in dysregulated inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Our focus was to draw attention to studies that demonstrate increased expression of ISGs in the serum and affected tissues of patients with RA, SS, lupus, IBD and psoriasis. In this review, we analysed emerging literature describing the potential roles of ISGs, particularly the GBP family, in the context of autoimmunity. We also highlighted the promise and implications for therapeutically targeting IFNs and GBPs in the treatment of rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahamudul Haque
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Ruby J Siegel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - David A Fox
- Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Salahuddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University College of Pharmacy, Spokane, WA, USA.,Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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5
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Louis C, Burns C, Wicks I. TANK-Binding Kinase 1-Dependent Responses in Health and Autoimmunity. Front Immunol 2018; 9:434. [PMID: 29559975 PMCID: PMC5845716 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is driven by genetic predisposition and environmental triggers that lead to dysregulated immune responses. These include the generation of pathogenic autoantibodies and aberrant production of inflammatory cytokines. Current therapies for RA and other autoimmune diseases reduce inflammation by targeting inflammatory mediators, most of which are innate response cytokines, resulting in generalized immunosuppression. Overall, this strategy has been very successful, but not all patients respond, responses can diminish over time and numerous side effects can occur. Therapies that target the germinal center (GC) reaction and/or antibody-secreting plasma cells (PC) potentially provide a novel approach. TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) is an IKK-related serine/threonine kinase best characterized for its involvement in innate antiviral responses through the induction of type I interferons. TBK1 is also gaining attention for its roles in humoral immune responses. In this review, we discuss the role of TBK1 in immunological pathways involved in the development and maintenance of antibody responses, with particular emphasis on its potential relevance in the pathogenesis of humoral autoimmunity. First, we review the role of TBK1 in the induction of type I IFNs. Second, we highlight how TBK1 mediates inducible T cell co-stimulator signaling to the GC T follicular B helper population. Third, we discuss emerging evidence on the contribution of TBK1 to autophagic pathways and the potential implications for immune cell function. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential of TBK1 inhibition in autoimmunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Louis
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Chris Burns
- Chemical Biology Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian Wicks
- Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Rheumatology Unit, Royal Melbourne Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Romão VC, Vital EM, Fonseca JE, Buch MH. Right drug, right patient, right time: aspiration or future promise for biologics in rheumatoid arthritis? Arthritis Res Ther 2017; 19:239. [PMID: 29065909 PMCID: PMC5655983 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1445-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Individualising biologic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) to maximise outcomes and deliver safe and cost-effective care is a key goal in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Investigation to identify predictive tools of bDMARD response is a highly active and prolific area of research. In addition to clinical phenotyping, cellular and molecular characterisation of synovial tissue and blood in patients with RA, using different technologies, can facilitate predictive testing. This narrative review will summarise the literature for the available bDMARD classes and focus on where progress has been made. We will also look ahead and consider the increasing use of 'omics' technologies, the potential they hold as well as the challenges, and what is needed in the future to fully realise our ambition of personalised bDMARD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasco C. Romão
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Edward M. Vital
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - João Eurico Fonseca
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte, Av. Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maya H. Buch
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
- NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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8
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Issazadeh-Navikas S. Alerting the immune system via stromal cells is central to the prevention of tumor growth. Oncoimmunology 2013; 2:e27091. [PMID: 24501690 PMCID: PMC3913691 DOI: 10.4161/onci.27091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Anticancer immunotherapies are highly desired. Conversely, unwanted inflammatory or immune responses contribute to oncogenesis, tumor progression, and cancer-related death. For non-immunogenic therapies to inhibit tumor growth, they must promote, not prevent, the activation of anticancer immune responses. Here, the central immunoregulatory role of brain-specific stromal cells and neurons as well as their ability to maintain an immunological balance and prevent the development of glioblastoma is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shohreh Issazadeh-Navikas
- Neuroinflammation Unit; Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC); University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen, Denmark
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9
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10
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Schmidt BJ, Casey FP, Paterson T, Chan JR. Alternate virtual populations elucidate the type I interferon signature predictive of the response to rituximab in rheumatoid arthritis. BMC Bioinformatics 2013; 14:221. [PMID: 23841912 PMCID: PMC3717130 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-14-221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mechanistic biosimulation can be used in drug development to form testable hypotheses, develop predictions of efficacy before clinical trial results are available, and elucidate clinical response to therapy. However, there is a lack of tools to simultaneously (1) calibrate the prevalence of mechanistically distinct, large sets of virtual patients so their simulated responses statistically match phenotypic variability reported in published clinical trial outcomes, and (2) explore alternate hypotheses of those prevalence weightings to reflect underlying uncertainty in population biology. Here, we report the development of an algorithm, MAPEL (Mechanistic Axes Population Ensemble Linkage), which utilizes a mechanistically-based weighting method to match clinical trial statistics. MAPEL is the first algorithm for developing weighted virtual populations based on biosimulation results that enables the rapid development of an ensemble of alternate virtual population hypotheses, each validated by a composite goodness-of-fit criterion. Results Virtual patient cohort mechanistic biosimulation results were successfully calibrated with an acceptable composite goodness-of-fit to clinical populations across multiple therapeutic interventions. The resulting virtual populations were employed to investigate the mechanistic underpinnings of variations in the response to rituximab. A comparison between virtual populations with a strong or weak American College of Rheumatology (ACR) score in response to rituximab suggested that interferon β (IFNβ) was an important mechanistic contributor to the disease state, a signature that has previously been identified though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Sensitivity analysis elucidated key anti-inflammatory properties of IFNβ that modulated the pathophysiologic state, consistent with the observed prognostic correlation of baseline type I interferon measurements with clinical response. Specifically, the effects of IFNβ on proliferation of fibroblast-like synoviocytes and interleukin-10 synthesis in macrophages each partially counteract reductions in synovial inflammation imparted by rituximab. A multianalyte biomarker panel predictive for virtual population therapeutic responses suggested population dependencies on B cell-dependent mediators as well as additional markers implicating fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Conclusions The results illustrate how the MAPEL algorithm can leverage knowledge of cellular and molecular function through biosimulation to propose clear mechanistic hypotheses for differences in clinical populations. Furthermore, MAPEL facilitates the development of multianalyte biomarkers prognostic of patient responses in silico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Schmidt
- Entelos Holding Corporation, 2121 South El Camino Real, Suite 600, San Mateo, CA 94403, USA
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11
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Xu D, Staedman A, Zhang L. CD20 antibody primes B lymphocytes for type I interferon production. PLoS One 2013; 8:e67900. [PMID: 23874371 PMCID: PMC3707517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0067900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
CD20 is a B cell surface marker that is expressed in various stages in B
lymphocytes and certain lymphomas. Clinical administration of CD20 antibody,
such as rituximab, is used widely to treat human B-cell lymphomas and other
diseases. However, CD20 antibody failed to treat systemic lupus erythematosus
(SLE or lupus). The reason for the failure is currently unknown. Type I
interferons (IFN) are a major component for the host innate immunity, and a key
pathogenic factor in lupus. We found that CD20 antibody potentiated human B
cells for its production of IFNs in vitro. This function was
specific to CD20-expressing cells and the potentiation function seems to be
instant. In addition, ectopic expression of CD20 in non-B-lymphocytes increased
the IFN promoter reporter activities. Because IFNs are a key pathogenic factor
in lupus, our data suggest that, in the presence of virus infection, the
CD20-antibody-mediated enhancement of IFN production might be related to its
failure in lupus treatments. This work may provide new insights for CD20-Ab
therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Xu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska,
United States of America
| | - Andrew Staedman
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska,
United States of America
| | - Luwen Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska,
United States of America
- Nebraska Center for Virology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska,
United States of America
- * E-mail:
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12
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Mühl H. Pro-Inflammatory Signaling by IL-10 and IL-22: Bad Habit Stirred Up by Interferons? Front Immunol 2013; 4:18. [PMID: 23382730 PMCID: PMC3562761 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-22 are key members of the IL-10 cytokine family that share characteristic properties such as defined structural features, usage of IL-10R2 as one receptor chain, and activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3 as dominant signaling mode. IL-10, formerly known as cytokine synthesis inhibitory factor, is key to deactivation of monocytes/macrophages and dendritic cells. Accordingly, pre-clinical studies document its anti-inflammatory capacity. However, the outcome of clinical trials assessing the therapeutic potential of IL-10 in prototypic inflammatory disorders has been disappointing. In contrast to IL-10, IL-22 acts primarily on non-leukocytic cells, in particular epithelial cells of intestine, skin, liver, and lung. STAT3-driven proliferation, anti-apoptosis, and anti-microbial tissue protection is regarded a principal function of IL-22 at host/environment interfaces. In this hypothesis article, hidden/underappreciated pro-inflammatory characteristics of IL-10 and IL-22 are outlined and related to cellular priming by type I interferon. It is tempting to speculate that an inherent inflammatory potential of IL-10 and IL-22 confines their usage in tissue protective therapy and beyond that determines in some patients efficacy of type I interferon treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Mühl
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Goethe-University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Bachmann M, Ulziibat S, Härdle L, Pfeilschifter J, Mühl H. IFNα converts IL-22 into a cytokine efficiently activating STAT1 and its downstream targets. Biochem Pharmacol 2013; 85:396-403. [PMID: 23153456 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 11/06/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Besides their antiviral activity, type I Interferons (IFN) display context-specific immunomodulation. In contrast to long-known IFNα/β, Interleukin (IL)-22 is an anti-bacterial, largely tissue protective cytokine that recently gained attention. Herein, cellular IFNα/IL-22 interactions are investigated. We report that pre-conditioning of epithelial cells with IFNα initiated dramatic changes in IL-22 signaling normally dominated by signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)-3. Specifically, by using human DLD1 colon epithelial/carcinoma cells we demonstrate that, upon IFNα, IL-22 converts into a cytokine robustly activating STAT1 and its downstream pro-inflammatory targets CXCL9, CXCL10, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Accordingly, only after IFNα pre-incubation was IL-22-induced STAT1 binding to the CXCL10 promoter detectable. Using the viral mimic polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid and the IFNα/β antagonist B18R we furthermore demonstrate the capability of endogenous IFN to promote IL-22-induced STAT1 activation and expression of CXCL10. IL-22-induced STAT1 activation subsequent to IFNα priming became likewise apparent in human Caco2 colon epithelial/carcinoma cells, HepG2 hepatoma cells, and primary keratinocytes. Current observations may relate to characteristics of IFNα/β in clinical therapy and expose margins of tissue protection by IL-22 application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Bachmann
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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14
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Ying F, Chalise JP, Narendra SC, Magnusson M. Type I IFN protects against antigen-induced arthritis. Eur J Immunol 2011; 41:1687-95. [PMID: 21469099 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201040956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2010] [Revised: 02/17/2011] [Accepted: 03/22/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) involve immune reactions against specific antigens. The type I IFN system is suspected to promote autoimmunity in systemic lupus erythematosus, but may also dampen immune reactions in e.g. inflammatory bowel disease. This prompted us to investigate the role of type I IFN in antigen-induced arthritis (AIA). The importance of type I IFN in methylated (m) BSA-induced arthritis was studied by using mice deficient for the type I IFN receptor (IFNAR) and by administration of the IFN-α activator viral double-stranded (ds) RNA or recombinant IFN-α at antigen sensitization. In IFNAR knock-out mice, arthritis severity was significantly higher than in WT mice. Administration of dsRNA at antigen sensitization protected WT but not IFNAR KO mice from arthritis. Also, addition of recombinant IFN-α during the immunization, but not the induction phase of arthritis, almost abolished arthritis. Protection mediated by IFN-α was accompanied by delayed and decreased antigen-specific proliferative responses, including impaired lymph node recall responses after intra-articular antigenic challenge. In conclusion, we demonstrate that type I IFN can prevent joint inflammation by downregulating antigen-specific cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ying
- Affiliated Hospital of Guiyang Medical College, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Guiyang, Guizhou, P R China
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15
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Corr M, Boyle DL, Ronacher LM, Lew BR, van Baarsen LG, Tak PP, Firestein GS. Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist mediates the beneficial effects of systemic interferon beta in mice: implications for rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2011; 70:858-63. [PMID: 21216819 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.141077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interferon beta (IFNβ) therapy is effective in multiple sclerosis and murine models of arthritis. Surprisingly, systemic IFNβ treatment induces only minimal improvement in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To explain this paradox, the authors evaluated the mechanism of IFNβ benefit in passive K/BxN arthritis and the effect of IFNβ treatment on RA synovium. METHODS Interleukin 10 (IL-10) null, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) null, IL-1Ra transgenic and wild-type mice were administered K/BxN serum and in some cases treated with IFNβ or normal saline. Clinical response and histological scores were assessed. Gene expression was measured by quantitative PCR. Serum IL-1Ra and IL-6 were measured by ELISA. Paired synovial biopsy specimens from RA patients pre-IFNβ and post-IFNβ treatment (purified natural fibroblast IFNβ (Frone) subcutaneously three times weekly 6 million IU, 12 million IU or 18 million IU) were immunostained for IL-1Ra and IL-10. RESULTS Il1rn transgenic mice had an attenuated course of arthritis, whereas Il1rn(-/-) and Il10(-/-) mice had more severe serum transfer arthritis than wild-type mice. Daily IFNβ treatment significantly decreased arthritis severity in Il10(-/-) but not Il1rn(-/-) mice. IFNβ treatment did not reduce the histological scores in Il1rn(-/-) mice or gene expression of articular cytokines and chemokines. Paired synovial biopsy specimens from RA patients treated with IFNβ demonstrated a trend towards increased IL-1Ra and reduced IL-10 expression on day 85 levels compared with pretreatment specimens. CONCLUSIONS The anti-inflammatory effects of IFNβ in passive K/BxN arthritis are dependent on IL-1Ra, but not IL-10. Systemic IFNβ treatment in RA increases synovial IL-1Ra production, but also decreases IL-10 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maripat Corr
- Correspondence to Dr Maripat Corr, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California at San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
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Type I IFN and TNFα cross-regulation in immune-mediated inflammatory disease: basic concepts and clinical relevance. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12:219. [PMID: 21062511 PMCID: PMC2991015 DOI: 10.1186/ar3150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A cross-regulation between type I IFN and TNFα has been proposed recently, where both cytokines are hypothesized to counteract each other. According to this model, different autoimmune diseases can be viewed as disequilibrium between both cytokines. As this model may have important clinical implications, the present review summarizes and discusses the currently available clinical evidence arguing for or against the proposed cross-regulation between TNFα and type I IFN. In addition, we review how this cross-regulation works at the cellular and molecular levels. Finally, we discuss the clinical relevance of this proposed cross-regulation for biological therapies such as type I IFN or anti-TNFα treatment.
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Crow MK. Type I interferon in organ-targeted autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 12 Suppl 1:S5. [PMID: 21303493 PMCID: PMC2991778 DOI: 10.1186/ar2886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant role for IFNα in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus is well supported, and clinical trials of anti-IFNα monoclonal antibodies are in progress in this disease. In other autoimmune diseases characterized by substantial inflammation and tissue destruction, the role of type I interferons is less clear. Gene expression analysis of peripheral blood cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis demonstrate an interferon signature similar to but less intense than that seen in patients with lupus. In both of those diseases, presence of the interferon signature has been associated with more significant clinical manifestations. At the same time, evidence supports an anti-inflammatory and beneficial role of IFNβ locally in the joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and in murine arthritis models, and many patients with multiple sclerosis show a clinical response to recombinant IFNβ. As can also be proposed for type I diabetes mellitus, type I interferon appears to contribute to the development of autoimmunity and disease progression in multiple autoimmune diseases, while maintaining some capacity to control established disease - particularly at local sites of inflammation. Recent studies in both rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis suggest that quantification of type I interferon activity or target gene expression might be informative in predicting responses to distinct classes of therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Crow
- Mary Kirkland Center for Lupus Research, Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Abstract
Type I interferons are pleiotropic cytokines with antiviral, antitumor and immunoregulatory functions. An aspect of their complex biology is the paradox that, depending on context, type I interferons can be anti-inflammatory and tissue protective or can be proinflammatory and promote autoimmunity. Along these lines, the activation of type I interferon pathways is effective in suppressing disease activity in patients with multiple sclerosis and in animal models of arthritis and colitis, while there is an expectation that blockade of the same pathways will be beneficial in the treatment of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- George D Kalliolias
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program and Department of Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, 535 East 70th Street, New York, NY 10021, USA
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19
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Mavragani CP, La DT, Stohl W, Crow MK. Association of the response to tumor necrosis factor antagonists with plasma type I interferon activity and interferon-beta/alpha ratios in rheumatoid arthritis patients: a post hoc analysis of a predominantly Hispanic cohort. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 62:392-401. [PMID: 20112385 DOI: 10.1002/art.27226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the substantial clinical efficacy of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) antagonist therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), some patients respond poorly to such agents. Since an interferon (IFN) signature is variably expressed among RA patients, we investigated whether plasma type I IFN activity might predict the response to TNF antagonist therapy. METHODS RA patients (n = 35), the majority of whom were Hispanic, from a single center were evaluated before and after initiation of TNF antagonist therapy. As controls, 12 RA patients from the same center who were not treated with a TNF antagonist were studied. Plasma type I IFN activity was measured using a reporter cell assay, and disease status was assessed using the Disease Activity Score in 28 joints (DAS28). Levels of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) were determined in baseline plasma samples using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The clinical response was classified according to the European League Against Rheumatism criteria for improvement in RA. RESULTS Plasma type I IFN activity at baseline was significantly associated with clinical response (odds ratio 1.36 [95% confidence interval 1.05-1.76], P = 0.020), with high baseline IFN activity associated with a good response. Changes in DAS28 scores were greater among patients with a baseline plasma IFNbeta/alpha ratio >0.8 (indicating elevated plasma IFNbeta levels). Consistent with the capacity of IFNbeta to induce IL-1Ra, elevated baseline IL-1Ra levels were associated with better therapeutic outcomes (odds ratio 1.82 [95% confidence interval 1.1-3.29], P = 0.027). CONCLUSION The plasma type I IFN activity, the IFNbeta/alpha ratio, and the IL-1Ra level were predictive of the therapeutic response in TNF antagonist-treated RA patients, indicating that these parameters might define clinically meaningful subgroups of RA patients with distinct responses to therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clio P Mavragani
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
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20
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Burmester GR, Lipsky PE, Dörner T. Kitasato symposium 2009: new prospects for cytokine inhibition. Arthritis Res Ther 2010; 11:301. [PMID: 20067593 PMCID: PMC3003512 DOI: 10.1186/ar2857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The Kitasato Symposium 2009: New Prospects for Cytokine Inhibition was held in Berlin, Germany from 7 to 9 May 2009. The key aims of this meeting were to bring together a group of front-line researchers and rheumatologists to evaluate the use of cytokine blockade and to examine the role of certain cytokines in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases. A keynote lecture delivered by Professor Jean-Michel Dayer provided an up-to-date overview of the interactions occurring between the immune system and acute phase proteins. Other speakers discussed the role of cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis, including their role in joint destruction, as well as their regulatory role upon T cells and B cells. The involvement of cytokines in other autoimmune diseases was also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd R Burmester
- CC12, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Chariteplatz 01, 10098 Berlin, Germany.
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Suppression of EAE by oral tolerance is independent of endogenous IFN‐β whereas treatment with recombinant IFN‐β ameliorates EAE. Immunol Cell Biol 2010; 88:468-76. [DOI: 10.1038/icb.2009.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Goriely S, Cavoy R, Goldman M. Interleukin-12 family members and type I interferons in Th17-mediated inflammatory disorders. Allergy 2009; 64:702-9. [PMID: 19383026 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02039.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines produced by antigen-presenting cells govern the fate of helper T-cell responses. Herein, we review the impact of interleukin (IL)-23 and IL-27 on the outcome of T-helper (Th) 17 cell responses and discuss their impact in the pathogenesis of T-cell-mediated inflammatory disorders of autoimmune or allergic origin. We then discuss how type I interferons might influence the course of autoimmune diseases by tipping the balance between IL-12 family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Goriely
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Charleroi, Belgium
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23
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Richter C, Juan MHS, Will J, Brandes RP, Kalinke U, Akira S, Pfeilschifter JM, Hultqvist M, Holmdahl R, Radeke HH. Ncf1Provides a Reactive Oxygen Species-Independent Negative Feedback Regulation of TLR9-Induced IL-12p70 in Murine Dendritic Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 182:4183-91. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0800795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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24
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Sawa Y, Arima Y, Ogura H, Kitabayashi C, Jiang JJ, Fukushima T, Kamimura D, Hirano T, Murakami M. Hepatic Interleukin-7 Expression Regulates T Cell Responses. Immunity 2009; 30:447-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2009.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2008] [Revised: 12/08/2008] [Accepted: 01/05/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Corr M, Boyle DL, Ronacher L, Flores N, Firestein GS. Synergistic benefit in inflammatory arthritis by targeting I kappaB kinase epsilon and interferon beta. Ann Rheum Dis 2008; 68:257-63. [PMID: 18653628 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2008.095356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The I kappaB kinase (IKK)-related kinase IKKepsilon regulates type I interferon expression and responses as well as proinflammatory mediator production. We examined the role of IKKepsilon in arthritis and its ability to enhance the therapeutic response to systemic interferon (IFN) beta therapy in passive murine K/BxN arthritis. METHODS IKKepsilon(-/-), IFN alpha(approximately)beta R(-/-) and wild type mice were given K/BxN serum and treated with polyinosinic polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)), IFN beta, or normal saline. Clinical response and histological scores were assessed. Gene expression in the paws was measured by quantitative PCR. Serum interleukin 1a receptor agonist (IL1Ra) and IL10 were measured by ELISA and multiplex bead array. RESULTS Arthritis was almost completely blocked in wild type mice if arthritogenic K/BxN serum and the Toll-like receptor (TLR)3 ligand, poly(I:C), were coadministered at the onset of the model, but not in established disease. Mice deficient in IFN alpha(approximately)beta R had an accelerated course of arthritis, and did not respond to poly(I:C). IKKepsilon null mice had a modest decrease in clinical arthritis compared with heterozygous mice. Low doses of IFN beta that were ineffective in wild type mice significantly decreased clinical arthritis in IKKepsilon null mice. Articular chemokine gene expression was reduced in the IKKepsilon(-/-) mice with arthritis and secreted IL1Ra (sIL1Ra) mRNA was significantly increased. Serum levels of IL1Ra were increased in low dose IFN beta-treated IKKepsilon(-/-) mice. CONCLUSIONS Subtherapeutic doses of IFN beta enhance the anti-inflammatory effects of IKKepsilon deficiency, possibly by increasing production of IL1Ra and unmasking the antichemokine effects. Combination therapy with low dose IFN beta and an IKKepsilon inhibitor might improve efficacy of either agent alone and offers a novel approach to RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Corr
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0663, USA.
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Rowley MJ, Nandakumar KS, Holmdahl R. The role of collagen antibodies in mediating arthritis. Mod Rheumatol 2008; 18:429-41. [PMID: 18521704 DOI: 10.1007/s10165-008-0080-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 04/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This review examines evidence that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) depends on autoimmunity to articular collagen, and mechanisms whereby autoantibodies to type II collagen contribute to disease development. Three major autoantigenic reactants have been identified in RA; the corresponding autoantibodies are rheumatoid factor (RF), antibodies to citrullinated peptide antigens (ACPA), citrullinated peptides (anti-CCP), and anti-type II collagen (anti-CII). Both RF and ACPA are well-validated and predictive markers of severe erosive RA, but cannot be linked to pathogenesis. By contrast, in various animal species immunized with CII there occurs an erosive inflammatory arthritis resembling that seen in human RA, together with antibodies to CII with an epitope specificity similar to that in RA. We discuss the well-known role of immune complexes in the induction of inflammation within the joint, and present recent data showing, additionally, that antibodies to CII cause direct damage to cartilage in vitro. The close resemblances between human RA and collagen-induced arthritis in animals suggest that autoimmunity, and particularly autoantibodies to CII, are important for both the initiation and perpetuation of RA in a dual manner: as contributors to the inflammation associated with immune complex deposition, and as agents with direct degradative effects on cartilage integrity and its repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merrill J Rowley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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Kovarik P, Sauer I, Schaljo B. Molecular mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory functions of interferons. Immunobiology 2007; 212:895-901. [PMID: 18086388 PMCID: PMC3963707 DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2007.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2007] [Accepted: 09/28/2007] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Interferons are pleiotropic cytokines with important proinflammatory functions required in defence against infections with bacteria, viruses and multicellular parasites. In recent years, fundamental functions of interferons in other processes such as cancer immunosurveillance, immune homeostasis and immunosuppression have been established. In addition, anti-inflammatory roles of interferons are well-documented in several inflammatory disease models in the mouse, most importantly in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis that resembles multiple sclerosis in humans. While the beneficial effects of interferons in such disease models are known, the molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. Only recently a few molecular principles for the anti-inflammatory properties of interferons at the cellular level have been revealed. They include the ability of interferons to reduce the expression of the receptors for the inflammation-related cytokines IL-1 and IL-4, or to increase the expression of the potent anti-inflammatory genes tristetraprolin and Twist. However, the individual contribution of these anti-inflammatory responses to the overall beneficial effects of interferons in inflammatory diseases is still an open question. Also, the reason for the apparently limited number of tissues that are susceptible to the anti-inflammatory functions of interferons remains enigmatic. This review summarizes the present knowledge of the anti-inflammatory effects of interferons, and describes the currently known molecular mechanisms that may help explain the benefits of interferon signalling in several inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Kovarik
- Max F Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Dr Bohr-Gasse 9, A-1030, Vienna, Austria.
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28
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Adriaansen J, Fallaux FJ, de Cortie CJ, Vervoordeldonk MJ, Tak PP. Local delivery of beta interferon using an adeno-associated virus type 5 effectively inhibits adjuvant arthritis in rats. J Gen Virol 2007; 88:1717-1721. [PMID: 17485531 PMCID: PMC2884954 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.82603-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Beta interferon (IFN-β) is a cytokine with potent immunomodulatory properties and has been described as a promising therapeutic molecule for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). IFN-β was previously overexpressed intra-articularly using an adenoviral vector in rats with adjuvant arthritis (AA) as a model of RA. This effect was powerful, albeit transient due to the vector chosen. Therefore, in the context of pre-clinical development, a delivery vector optimized for intra-articular gene transfer, recombinant adeno-associated virus type 5 (rAAV5), was selected. To exert an optimal effect, protein production should parallel the course of the disease. For this reason, the gene for IFN-β was placed under the control of an inflammation-responsive [nuclear factor (NF)-κB] promoter. After intra-articular injection of the rAAV5 constructs in rats with AA, local transcription of the transgene and production of the IFN-β protein was found, leading to a pronounced and sustained effect on paw swelling when the expression was under the control of the NF-κB-responsive promoter. Additionally, a significant beneficial effect was observed on proteoglycan depletion and erosions. Thus, intra-articular overexpression of IFN-β using a rAAV5 vector exhibits potential as an innovative therapy for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Adriaansen
- Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - M. J. Vervoordeldonk
- Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Arthrogen BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P. P. Tak
- Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, Academic Medical Center/University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Arthrogen BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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29
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Olofsson P, Nerstedt A, Hultqvist M, Nilsson EC, Andersson S, Bergelin A, Holmdahl R. Arthritis suppression by NADPH activation operates through an interferon-beta pathway. BMC Biol 2007; 5:19. [PMID: 17490473 PMCID: PMC1884140 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7007-5-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2006] [Accepted: 05/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A polymorphism in the activating component of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase complex, neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (NCF1), has previously been identified as a regulator of arthritis severity in mice and rats. This discovery resulted in a search for NADPH oxidase-activating substances as a potential new approach to treat autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We have recently shown that compounds inducing NCF1-dependent oxidative burst, e.g. phytol, have a strong ameliorating effect on arthritis in rats. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is still not clearly understood. The aim of this study was to use gene-expression profiling to understand the protective effect against arthritis of activation of NADPH oxidase in the immune system. RESULTS Subcutaneous administration of phytol leads to an accumulation of the compound in the inguinal lymph nodes, with peak levels being reached approximately 10 days after administration. Hence, global gene-expression profiling on inguinal lymph nodes was performed 10 days after the induction of pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) and phytol administration. The differentially expressed genes could be divided into two pathways, consisting of genes regulated by different interferons. IFN-gamma regulated the pathway associated with arthritis development, whereas IFN-beta regulated the pathway associated with disease protection through phytol. Importantly, these two molecular pathways were also confirmed to differentiate between the arthritis-susceptible dark agouti (DA) rat, (with an Ncf-1DA allele that allows only low oxidative burst), and the arthritis-protected DA.Ncf-1E3 rat (with an Ncf1E3 allele that allows a stronger oxidative burst). CONCLUSION Naturally occurring genetic polymorphisms in the Ncf-1 gene modulate the activity of the NADPH oxidase complex, which strongly regulates the severity of arthritis. We now show that the Ncf-1 allele that enhances oxidative burst and protects against arthritis is operating through an IFN-beta-associated pathway, whereas the arthritis-driving allele operates through an IFN-gamma-associated pathway. Treatment of arthritis-susceptible rats with an NADPH oxidase-activating substance, phytol, protects against arthritis. Interestingly, the treatment led to a restoration of the oxidative-burst effect and induction of a strikingly similar IFN-beta-dependent pathway, as seen with the disease-protective Ncf1 polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Olofsson
- Biovitrum AB, Arvid Wallgrens Backe 20, Göteborg, Sweden.
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30
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Nandakumar KS, Holmdahl R. Antibody-induced arthritis: disease mechanisms and genes involved at the effector phase of arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther 2007; 8:223. [PMID: 17254316 PMCID: PMC1794524 DOI: 10.1186/ar2089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
During the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) autoantibodies to IgG-Fc, citrullinated proteins, collagen type II (CII), glucose 6 phosphoisomerase (G6PI) and some other self-antigens appear. Of these, a pathogenic effect of the anti-CII and anti-G6PI antibodies is well demonstrated using animal models. These new antibody mediated arthritis models have proven to be very useful for studies involved in understanding the molecular pathways of the induction of arthritis in joints. Both the complement and FcgammaR systems have been found to play essential roles. Neutrophils and macrophages are important inflammatory cells and the secretion of tumour necrosis factor-alpha and IL-1beta is pathogenic. The identification of the genetic polymorphisms predisposing to arthritis is important for understanding the complexity of arthritis. Disease mechanisms and gene regions studied using the two antibody-induced arthritis mouse models (collagen antibody-induced arthritis and serum transfer-induced arthritis) are compared and discussed for their relevance in RA pathogenesis.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/genetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/metabolism
- Antibody Specificity
- Arthritis, Experimental
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/genetics
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/physiopathology
- Autoantibodies/immunology
- Autoantibodies/metabolism
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Genetic Markers/genetics
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase/genetics
- Glucose-6-Phosphate Isomerase/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Transgenic
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Rheumatoid Factor/metabolism
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Medical Inflammation Research, Lund University, Lund 22184, Sweden
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Yarilina A, DiCarlo E, Ivashkiv LB. Suppression of the effector phase of inflammatory arthritis by double-stranded RNA is mediated by type I IFNs. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:2204-11. [PMID: 17277125 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.4.2204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Innate immune receptors that recognize nucleic acids, such as TLRs and RNA helicases, are potent activators of innate immunity that have been implicated in the induction and exacerbation of autoimmunity and inflammatory arthritis. Polyriboinosine-polyribocytidylic acid sodium salt (poly(IC)) is a mimic of dsRNA and viral infection that activates TLR3 and the RNA helicases retinoic acid-induced gene-1 and melanoma differentiation-associated gene-5, and strongly induces type I IFN production. We analyzed the effects of systemic delivery of poly(IC) on the inflammatory effector phase of arthritis using the collagen Ab-induced and KRN TCR-transgenic mouse serum-induced models of immune complex-mediated experimental arthritis. Surprisingly, poly(IC) suppressed arthritis, and suppression was dependent on type I IFNs that inhibited synovial cell proliferation and inflammatory cytokine production. Administration of exogenous type I IFNs was sufficient to suppress arthritis. These results suggest a regulatory role for innate immune receptors for dsRNA in modulating inflammatory arthritis and provide additional support for an anti-inflammatory function of type I IFNs in arthritis that directly contrasts with a pathogenic role in promoting autoimmunity in systemic lupus.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antiviral Agents/immunology
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Arthritis, Experimental/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Experimental/immunology
- Arthritis, Experimental/pathology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/drug therapy
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/immunology
- Arthritis, Rheumatoid/pathology
- Autoimmunity/drug effects
- Immunity, Innate/drug effects
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/pathology
- Interferon Inducers/immunology
- Interferon Inducers/pharmacology
- Interferon Type I/immunology
- Interferon Type I/pharmacology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Poly I-C/immunology
- Poly I-C/pharmacology
- RNA Helicases/immunology
- RNA, Double-Stranded/immunology
- RNA, Double-Stranded/pharmacology
- Toll-Like Receptor 3/immunology
- Virus Diseases/immunology
- Virus Diseases/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Yarilina
- Arthritis and Tissue Degeneration Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021, USA
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van der Pouw Kraan TCTM, Wijbrandts CA, van Baarsen LGM, Voskuyl AE, Rustenburg F, Baggen JM, Ibrahim SM, Fero M, Dijkmans BAC, Tak PP, Verweij CL. Rheumatoid arthritis subtypes identified by genomic profiling of peripheral blood cells: assignment of a type I interferon signature in a subpopulation of patients. Ann Rheum Dis 2007; 66:1008-14. [PMID: 17223656 PMCID: PMC1954704 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2006.063412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a heterogeneous disease with unknown cause. AIM To identify peripheral blood (PB) gene expression profiles that may distinguish RA subtypes. METHODS Large-scale expression profiling by cDNA microarrays was performed on PB from 35 patients and 15 healthy individuals. Differential gene expression was analysed by significance analysis of microarrays (SAM), followed by gene ontology analysis of the significant genes. Gene set enrichment analysis was applied to identify pathways relevant to disease. RESULTS A substantially raised expression of a spectrum of genes involved in immune defence was found in the PB of patients with RA compared with healthy individuals. SAM analysis revealed a highly significant elevated expression of interferon (IFN) type I regulated genes in patients with RA compared with healthy individuals, which was confirmed by gene ontology and pathway analysis, suggesting that this pathway was activated systemically in RA. A quantitative analysis revealed that increased expression of IFN-response genes was characteristic of approximately half of the patients (IFN(high) patients). Application of pathway analysis revealed that the IFN(high) group was largely different from the controls, with evidence for upregulated pathways involved in coagulation and complement cascades, and fatty acid metabolism, while the IFN(low) group was similar to the controls. CONCLUSION The IFN type I signature defines a subgroup of patients with RA, with a distinct biomolecular phenotype, characterised by increased activity of the innate defence system, coagulation and complement cascades, and fatty acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C T M van der Pouw Kraan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology & Immunology, VU Medical Centre, J295, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Thomas KE, Galligan CL, Newman RD, Fish EN, Vogel SN. Contribution of Interferon-β to the Murine Macrophage Response to the Toll-like Receptor 4 Agonist, Lipopolysaccharide. J Biol Chem 2006; 281:31119-30. [PMID: 16912041 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m604958200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon-beta (IFN-beta) has been identified as the signature cytokine induced via the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4, "MyD88-independent" signaling pathway in macrophages stimulated by Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this study, we analyzed the responses of macrophages derived from wild-type (IFN-beta(+/+)) mice or mice with a targeted mutation in IFN-beta (IFN-beta(-/-)) to the prototype TLR4 agonist, Escherichia coli LPS. A comparison of basal and LPS-induced gene expression (by reverse transcription-PCR, real-time PCR, and Affymetrix microarray analyses) resulted in the identification of four distinct patterns of gene expression affected by IFN-beta deficiency. Analysis of a subset of each group of differentially regulated genes by computer-assisted promoter analysis revealed putative IFN-responsive elements in all genes examined. LPS-induced activation of intracellular signaling molecules, STAT1 Tyr-701, STAT1 Ser-727, and Akt, but not p38, JNK, and ERK MAPK proteins, was significantly diminished in IFN-beta(-/-) versus IFN-beta(+/+) macrophages. "Priming" of IFN-beta(-/-) macrophages with exogenous recombinant IFN-beta significantly increased levels of LPS-induced gene expression for induction of monocyte chemotactic protein 5, inducible nitric-oxide synthase, IP-10, and IL-12 p40 mRNA, whereas no increase or relatively small increases were observed for IL-1beta, IL-6, monocyte chemotactic protein 1, and MyD88 mRNA. Finally, IFN-beta(-/-) mice challenged in vivo with LPS exhibited increased survival when compared with wild-type IFN-beta(+/+) controls, indicating that IFN-beta contributes to LPS-induced lethality; however, not to the extent that one observes in mice with more complete pathway deficiencies (e.g. TLR4(-/-) or TRIF(-/-) mice). Collectively, these findings reveal unanticipated regulatory roles for IFN-beta in response to LPS in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen E Thomas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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