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Davidson O, Rajesh AE, Blazes M, Batchelor A, Lee AY, Lee CS, Huang LC. Sociodemographic and Visual Outcomes of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Uveitis: IRIS ® Registry Study. Clin Ophthalmol 2024; 18:1257-1266. [PMID: 38741584 PMCID: PMC11089303 DOI: 10.2147/opth.s456252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Understanding sociodemographic factors associated with poor visual outcomes in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis may help inform practice patterns. Patients and Methods Retrospective cohort study on patients <18 years old who were diagnosed with both juvenile idiopathic arthritis and uveitis based on International Classification of Diseases tenth edition codes in the Intelligent Research in Sight Registry through December 2020. Surgical history was extracted using current procedural terminology codes. The primary outcome was incidence of blindness (20/200 or worse) in at least one eye in association with sociodemographic factors. Secondary outcomes included cataract and glaucoma surgery following uveitis diagnosis. Hazard ratios were calculated using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. Results Median age of juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis diagnosis was 11 (Interquartile Range: 8 to 15). In the Cox models adjusting for sociodemographic and insurance factors, the hazard ratios of best corrected visual acuity 20/200 or worse were higher in males compared to females (HR 2.15; 95% CI: 1.45-3.18), in Black or African American patients compared to White patients (2.54; 1.44-4.48), and in Medicaid-insured patients compared to commercially-insured patients (2.23; 1.48-3.37). Conclusion Sociodemographic factors and insurance coverage were associated with varying levels of risk for poor visual outcomes in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Davidson
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Roger and Angie Karalis Johnson Retina Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Anand E Rajesh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Roger and Angie Karalis Johnson Retina Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marian Blazes
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Roger and Angie Karalis Johnson Retina Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ashley Batchelor
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Roger and Angie Karalis Johnson Retina Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aaron Y Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Roger and Angie Karalis Johnson Retina Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Cecilia S Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Roger and Angie Karalis Johnson Retina Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Laura C Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Ophthalmology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - On behalf of the IRIS® Registry Analytic Center Consortium
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Roger and Angie Karalis Johnson Retina Center, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Ophthalmology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA
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Roberts JE, Williams K, Dallas J, Eckert M, Huie L, Smitherman E, Soulsby WD, Zhao Y, Son MBF. Insurance Status and Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Initiation Among Children With Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis in the CARRA Registry. J Rheumatol 2023; 50:1047-1057. [PMID: 36521922 PMCID: PMC10303749 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.220871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prompt escalation to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFis) is recommended for children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and ongoing disease activity despite treatment with conventional disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (cDMARDs). It is unknown whether these recommendations are equitably followed for children with different insurance types. We assessed the association of insurance coverage on the odds and timing of TNFi use. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study of children with newly diagnosed JIA in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry. We compared the odds of starting a TNFi in the first year and time from cDMARD to TNFi initiation between those with public and private insurance. RESULTS We identified 1086 children with new JIA diagnoses. Publicly insured children had significantly higher active joint counts and parent/patient global assessment scores at the enrollment visit. They were also more likely to have polyarticular arthritis compared to those with private insurance. Odds of any TNFi use in the first year did not differ between publicly and privately insured children. Publicly insured children were escalated from cDMARD to TNFi more quickly than privately insured children. CONCLUSION Children who were publicly insured had more severe disease and polyarticular involvement at registry enrollment compared to those who were privately insured. Whereas overall TNFi use did not differ between children with different insurance types, publicly insured children were escalated more quickly, consistent with their increased disease severity. Further research is needed to determine why insurance coverage type is associated with disease severity, including how other socioeconomic factors affect presentation to care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan E Roberts
- J.E. Roberts, MD, MPH, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle, Washington, and Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts;
| | - Kathryn Williams
- K. Williams, MS, J. Dallas, BA, M.B.F. Son, MD, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Johnathan Dallas
- K. Williams, MS, J. Dallas, BA, M.B.F. Son, MD, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mary Eckert
- M. Eckert, BS, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Livie Huie
- L. Huie, BA, E. Smitherman, MD, MSc, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Emily Smitherman
- L. Huie, BA, E. Smitherman, MD, MSc, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - William D Soulsby
- W.D. Soulsby, MD, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California
| | - Yongdong Zhao
- Y. Zhao, MD, PhD, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, and Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Soulsby WD, Lawson E, Pantell MS. Cumulative Social Disadvantage Associated with Childhood Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the National Survey of Children's Health. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2023; 75:3-8. [PMID: 35904964 PMCID: PMC10013419 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Health disparities in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) remain poorly understood. Social disadvantage may have a cumulative impact on health, with recent analyses using combined scoring systems to measure their impact on outcomes. Our aim was to investigate cumulative social disadvantage on childhood arthritis by using a cumulative score to analyze its association with arthritis among a nationally representative sample of children. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis of the National Survey of Children's Health (2016-2019) was performed. A cumulative social disadvantage score was generated (1 point each, with a maximum score of 4): low guardian education (high school or less), low household income level (0-199% of federal poverty level), underinsured status (public or uninsured), and high adverse childhood experience (ACE) score (≥4). Univariate and multivariable (adjusting for age, sex, and race and ethnicity) logistic regression models were used to measure the association between cumulative social risk and the odds of an arthritis diagnosis and moderate-to-severe parent-reported arthritis severity. RESULTS Of 131,774 surveys completed, a total of 365 children reported current arthritis. Cumulative social disadvantage was associated with an arthritis diagnosis, with the highest odds among those with a score of 4 (adjusted odds ratio [ORadj ] 12.4 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.9-53.3]). Cumulative social disadvantage also was associated with increased odds of moderate-to-severe arthritis severity (ORadj 12.4 [95% CI 1.8-82.6]). CONCLUSION In this nationally representative sample, accumulated social disadvantage, measured via a cumulative social disadvantage score based on income level, guardian education, insurance status, and ACE exposure, was associated with an arthritis diagnosis and moderate-to-severe arthritis severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Daniel Soulsby
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, San Francisco, CA
| | - Erica Lawson
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, San Francisco, CA
| | - Matthew S. Pantell
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, San Francisco, CA
- Center for Health and Community, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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Penabad IC. The Prism of Inequity: Health Disparities in Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Rheumatol 2022; 49:1070-1071. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.220232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Soulsby WD, Balmuri N, Cooley V, Gerber LM, Lawson E, Goodman S, Onel K, Mehta B. Social determinants of health influence disease activity and functional disability in Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2022; 20:18. [PMID: 35255941 PMCID: PMC8903717 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-022-00676-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social determinants of health (SDH) greatly influence outcomes during the first year of treatment in rheumatoid arthritis, a disease similar to polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA). We investigated the correlation of community poverty level and other SDH with the persistence of moderate to severe disease activity and functional disability over the first year of treatment in pJIA patients enrolled in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry. METHODS In this cohort study, unadjusted and adjusted generalized linear mixed effects models analyzed the effect of community poverty and other SDH on disease activity, using the clinical Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score-10, and disability, using the Child Health Assessment Questionnaire, measured at baseline, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS One thousand six hundred eighty-four patients were identified. High community poverty (≥20% living below the federal poverty level) was associated with increased odds of functional disability (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.28-2.60) but was not statistically significant after adjustment (aOR 1.23, 95% CI 0.81-1.86) and was not associated with increased disease activity. Non-white race/ethnicity was associated with higher disease activity (aOR 2.48, 95% CI: 1.41-4.36). Lower self-reported household income was associated with higher disease activity and persistent functional disability. Public insurance (aOR 1.56, 95% CI 1.06-2.29) and low family education (aOR 1.89, 95% CI 1.14-3.12) was associated with persistent functional disability. CONCLUSION High community poverty level was associated with persistent functional disability in unadjusted analysis but not with persistent moderate to high disease activity. Race/ethnicity and other SDH were associated with persistent disease activity and functional disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Daniel Soulsby
- University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box #0632, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.
| | - Nayimisha Balmuri
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Erica Lawson
- University of California, San Francisco, 550 16th Street, 4th Floor, Box #0632, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA
| | - Susan Goodman
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Karen Onel
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bella Mehta
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
Health and health care disparities in pediatric rheumatology are prevalent among socially disadvantaged and marginalized populations based on race/ethnicity, socioeconomic position, and geographic region. These groups are more likely to experience greater disease severity, morbidity, mortality, decreased quality of life, and poor mental health outcomes, which are in part due to persistent structural and institutional barriers, including decreased access to quality health care. Most of the research on health and health care disparities in pediatric rheumatology focuses on juvenile idiopathic arthritis and childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus; there are significant gaps in the literature assessing disparities associated with other pediatric rheumatic diseases. Understanding the underlying causes of health care disparities will ultimately inform the development and implementation of innovative policies and interventions on a federal, local, and individual level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisha M Akinsete
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3415 Bainbridge Avenue, Bronx, NY 10467, USA. https://twitter.com/@akinsetemd
| | - Jennifer M P Woo
- Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, 111 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA. https://twitter.com/@jmpwoo
| | - Tamar B Rubinstein
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital at Montefiore/Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 3415 Bainbridge Avenue, Bronx, NY 10467, USA.
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease risk is evident during childhood for patients with juvenile systemic lupus erythematosus, juvenile dermatomyositis, and juvenile idiopathic arthritis. The American Heart Association defines cardiovascular health as a positive health construct reflecting the sum of protective factors against cardiovascular disease. Disease-related factors such as chronic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction increase cardiovascular disease risk directly and through bidirectional relationships with poor cardiovascular health factors. Pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic interventions to improve cardiovascular health and long-term cardiovascular outcomes in children with rheumatic disease are needed.
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Balmuri N, Soulsby WD, Cooley V, Gerber L, Lawson E, Goodman S, Onel K, Mehta B. Community poverty level influences time to first pediatric rheumatology appointment in Polyarticular Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2021; 19:122. [PMID: 34391453 PMCID: PMC8364108 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-021-00610-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact of social determinants of health on children with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (pJIA) is poorly understood. Prompt initiation of treatment for pJIA is important to prevent disease morbidity; however, a potential barrier to early treatment of pJIAs is delayed presentation to a pediatric rheumatologist. We examined the impact of community poverty level, a key social determinant of health, on time from patient reported symptom onset to first pediatric rheumatology visit among pJIA patients enrolled in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Registry. METHODS This is a cohort study of pJIA patients in the CARRA registry who lived in the United States from July 2015-February 2020. The primary exposure was community poverty level derived by geocoding patient addresses. The primary outcome was time to first rheumatology appointment. Kaplan-Meier analysis was performed to analyze time to first rheumatologist visit, stratified by community poverty and family income. Log-rank tests were used to identify differences between groups. Adjusted cox proportional-hazards models were used to determine the relationship between community poverty level and time from onset of disease symptoms to date first seen by rheumatologist. RESULTS A total of 1684 patients with pJIA meeting study inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified. Median age of onset of pJIA was 7 years (IQR 3, 11), 79% were female, 17.6% identified as minority race and/or ethnicity, and 19% were from communities with ≥20% community poverty level. Kaplan-Meier analysis by community poverty level (< 20% vs ≥20%) yielded no significant differences with time to initial presentation to a pediatric rheumatologist (p = 0.6). The Cox proportional hazards model showed that patients with ≥20% community poverty level were 19% less likely (adjusted HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.67-0.99, p = 0.038) to be seen by a rheumatologist compared to patients with < 20% community poverty level, at the same time point, after adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, insurance, education level, morning stiffness, RF status, and baseline CHAQ. CONCLUSION In this study of pJIA patients in the CARRA registry, increased community poverty level is associated with longer time to presentation to a pediatric rheumatologist after symptom onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayimisha Balmuri
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA. .,Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - William Daniel Soulsby
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Victoria Cooley
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Linda Gerber
- grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Erica Lawson
- grid.266102.10000 0001 2297 6811University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Susan Goodman
- grid.239915.50000 0001 2285 8823Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Karen Onel
- grid.239915.50000 0001 2285 8823Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Bella Mehta
- grid.239915.50000 0001 2285 8823Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY USA ,grid.5386.8000000041936877XWeill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY USA
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Evans S, Okoroafor UC, Calfee RP. Is Social Deprivation Associated with PROMIS Outcomes After Upper Extremity Fractures in Children? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2021; 479:826-834. [PMID: 33196588 PMCID: PMC8083841 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000001571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously found that social deprivation was associated with worse perceived function and pain among children presenting with upper extremity fractures. We performed the current study to determine whether this differential in outcome scores would resolve after children received orthopaedic treatment for their fractures. This was needed to understand whether acute pain and impaired function were magnified by worse social deprivation or whether social deprivation was associated with differences in health perception even after injury resolution. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES Comparing patients from the least socially deprived national quartile and those from the most deprived quartile, we asked: (1) Are there differences in age, gender, race, or fracture location among children with upper extremity fractures? (2) After controlling for relevant confounding variables, is worse social deprivation associated with worse self-reported Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) scores before and after the treatment of pediatric upper extremity fractures? (3) Is social deprivation associated with PROMIS score improvements as a result of fracture treatment? METHODS In this this retrospective, comparative study, we considered data from 1131 pediatric patients (aged 8 to 17 years) treated nonoperatively at a single tertiary academic medical center for isolated upper extremity fractures between June 2016 and June 2017. We used the Area Deprivation Index to define the patient's social deprivation by national quartiles to analyze those in the most- and least-deprived quartiles. After excluding patients with missing zip codes (n = 181), 18% (172 of 950) lived in the most socially deprived national quartile, while 31% (295 of 950) lived in the least socially deprived quartile. Among these 467 patients in the most- and least-deprived quartiles, 28% (129 of 467) were excluded for lack of follow-up and 9% (41 of 467) were excluded for incomplete PROMIS scores. The remaining 297 patients were analyzed (107 most-deprived quartile, 190 least-deprived quartile) longitudinally in the current study; they included 237 from our initial cross-sectional investigation that only considered reported health at presentation (60 patients added and 292 removed from the 529 patients in the original study, based on updated Area Deprivation Index quartiles). The primary outcomes were the self-completed pediatric PROMIS Upper Extremity Function, Pain Interference, and secondarily PROMIS Peer Relationships computer-adaptive tests. In each PROMIS assessment, higher scores indicated more of that domain (such as, higher function scores indicate better function but a higher pain score indicates more pain), and clinically relevant differences were approximately 3 points. Bivariate analysis compared patient age, gender, race, fracture type, and PROMIS scores between the most- and least-deprived groups. A multivariable linear regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with the final PROMIS scores. RESULTS Between the two quartiles, the only demographic and injury characteristic difference was race, with Black children being overrepresented in the most-deprived group (most deprived: white 53% [57 of 107], Black 45% [48 of 107], other 2% [2 of 107]; least deprived: white 92% [174 of 190], Black 4% [7 of 190), other 5% [9 of 190]; p < 0.001). At presentation, accounting for patient gender, race, and fracture location, the most socially deprived quartile remained independently associated with the initial PROMIS Upper Extremity (β 5.8 [95% CI 3.2 to 8.4]; p < 0.001) scores. After accounting for patient gender, race, and number of days in care, we found that the social deprivation quartile remained independently associated with the final PROMIS Upper Extremity (β 4.9 [95% CI 2.3 to 7.6]; p < 0.001) and Pain Interference scores (β -4.4 [95% CI -2.3 to -6.6]; p < 0.001). Social deprivation quartile was not associated with any differential in treatment impact on change in PROMIS Upper Extremity function (8 ± 13 versus 8 ± 12; mean difference 0.4 [95% CI -3.4 to 2.6]; p = 0.79) or Pain Interference scores (8 ± 9 versus 6 ± 12; mean difference 1.1 [95% CI -1.4 to 3.5]; p = 0.39) from presentation to the conclusion of treatment. CONCLUSION Delivering upper extremity fracture care produces substantial improvement in pain and function that is consistent regardless of a child's degree of social deprivation. However, as social deprivation is associated with worse perceived health at treatment initiation and conclusion, prospective interventional trials are needed to determine how orthopaedic surgeons can act to reduce the health disparities in children associated with social deprivation. As fractures prompt interaction with our health care system, the orthopaedic community may be well placed to identify children who could benefit from enrollment in proven community health initiatives or to advocate for multidisciplinary care coordinators such as social workers in fracture clinics. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, therapeutic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Evans
- S. Evans, U. C. Okoroafor, R. P. Calfee, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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Mahesri M, Schneeweiss S, Globe D, Mutebi A, Bohn R, Achebe M, Levin R, Desai RJ. Clinical outcomes following bone marrow transplantation in patients with sickle cell disease: A cohort study of US Medicaid enrollees. Eur J Haematol 2020; 106:273-280. [PMID: 33155319 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) is currently the only curative therapy available for patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), but clinical outcomes in routine care are not well understood. We describe the rates of vaso-occlusive crises (VOCs), transplant complications, and mortality in SCD patients after BMT. METHODS A cohort study of SCD patients who underwent BMT was designed using US Medicaid claims data (2000-2013). RESULTS A total of 204 SCD patients undergoing BMT were identified with a mean (SD) age of 10.6 (7.3) years, with 52.9% male and 67.6% African American. The overall VOC rate was 0.99 per person-year (95% CI: 0.91-1.07) over a median follow-up time of 2.1 years (IQR: 0.8-4.3 years). A total of 138 (67.6%) remained free of VOCs. The mortality rate was 1.7 (95% CI: 0.9-3.1) per 100 person-years, transplant-related complications occurred among 113 (55.4%) patients with an incidence rate of 38.2 (95% CI: 31.7-45.9) per 100 person-years, while 47 (23%) patients had GvHD with an incidence rate of 8.0 (95% CI: 6.0-10.7) per 100 person-years. CONCLUSION Two thirds of the BMT recipients remained VOC-free over 2 years of follow-up, but transplant-related complications, including GvHD occurred with high frequency. This highlights a continuing unmet need for alternative curative interventions in SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mufaddal Mahesri
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sebastian Schneeweiss
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Alex Mutebi
- Vertex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Maureen Achebe
- Hematology Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raisa Levin
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rishi J Desai
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Morgan EM, Carle AC. Measures of Health Status and Quality of Life in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2020; 72 Suppl 10:565-576. [PMID: 33091241 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Esi M Morgan
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Adam C Carle
- University of Cincinnati College of Arts and Sciences, Cincinnati, Ohio
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12
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Desai RJ, Mahesri M, Globe D, Mutebi A, Bohn R, Achebe M, Levin R, Schneeweiss S. Clinical outcomes and healthcare utilization in patients with sickle cell disease: a nationwide cohort study of Medicaid beneficiaries. Ann Hematol 2020; 99:2497-2505. [DOI: 10.1007/s00277-020-04233-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Hartz JC, Yellen E, Baker A, Zachariah J, Ryan H, Griggs SS, K Desai N, Yanumula R, Vinci S, Brantley C, Bachman J, McAuliffe E, Gauvreau K, Mendelson M, de Ferranti S. The relationship between payer type and lipid outcomes in response to clinical lifestyle interventions in youth with dyslipidemia. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19:217. [PMID: 31266458 PMCID: PMC6604145 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1593-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Payer-type (government-sponsored health coverage versus private health insurance) has been shown to influence a variety of cardiovascular disease outcomes in adults. However, it is unclear if the payer-type impacts the response to a lifestyle intervention in children with dyslipidemia. METHODS We analyzed data prospectively collected from patients under the age of 25 years who were referred to a large regional preventive cardiology clinic from 2010 to 2016 in Massachusetts. We compared baseline high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), non-HDL-C, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) by payer-type. Further, we analyzed the change in lipid values in response to a clinic-based multidisciplinary intervention over a nearly six-year period by payer-type with multi-variable adjusted linear regression models. We also tested for effect modifications by age, sex, race, and body mass index (BMI) category. RESULTS Of the 1739 eligible patients (mean age 13 years, 52% female, 60% overweight and obese, 59% White), we found that patients with government-sponsored coverage (n = 354, 20%) presented to referral lipid clinic with lower HDL-C (- 3.5 mg/dL [1.0], p < 0.001) and higher natural log-transformed TG (+ 0.14 [0.04], p < 0.001) as compared to those with private insurance; however, the association was attenuated to the null after additionally adjusting for BMI category (- 1.1 [0.9], p = 0.13, and + 0.05 [0.04], p = 0.2 for HDL-C and natural log-transformed TG, respectively). We found no difference in baseline LDL-C between payer-types (+ 3.4 mg/dL [3.0], p = 0.3). However, longitudinally, we found patients with private insurance and a self-reported race of White to have a clinically meaningful additional improvement in LDL-C, decreasing 12.8 (5.5) mg/dL (p = 0.02) between baseline and first follow-up, as compared to White patients with government-sponsored health coverage, after adjusting for age, sex, time between visits, and baseline LDL-C. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that youth with government-sponsored coverage are referred with poorer lipid profiles than those with private insurance, although this is largely explained by higher rates of overweight and obesity in the government-sponsored health coverage group. White patients with private insurance had substantially better improvement in LDL-C longitudinally, suggesting that higher socioeconomic status facilitates improvement in LDL-C, but is less beneficial for HDL-C and triglyceride levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob C. Hartz
- 0000 0004 0378 8438grid.2515.3Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Elizabeth Yellen
- 0000 0001 2183 6745grid.239424.aBoston Medical Center, 850 Harrison Ave., 6th floor, Boston, MA 02118 USA
| | - Annette Baker
- 0000 0004 0378 8438grid.2515.3Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Justin Zachariah
- 0000 0001 2200 2638grid.416975.8Texas Children’s Hospital Main Campus, 6651 Main Street, Legacy Tower, 21st Floor, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Heather Ryan
- 0000 0004 0386 3207grid.266685.9School of Nursing, University of Massachusetts-Boston, 100 William T. Morrissey Blvd, Boston, MA 0212 USA
| | - S. Skylar Griggs
- 0000 0004 0378 8438grid.2515.3Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Nirav K Desai
- 0000 0004 0378 8438grid.2515.3Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Ravi Yanumula
- 0000 0004 0378 8438grid.2515.3Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Samuel Vinci
- 0000000122986657grid.34477.33School of Public Health, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific St, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Caroline Brantley
- 0000 0004 0378 8438grid.2515.3Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Jennifer Bachman
- 0000 0004 0378 8438grid.2515.3Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Ellen McAuliffe
- 0000 0004 0378 8438grid.2515.3Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Kimberlee Gauvreau
- 0000 0004 0378 8438grid.2515.3Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Michael Mendelson
- 0000 0004 0378 8438grid.2515.3Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Sarah de Ferranti
- 0000 0004 0378 8438grid.2515.3Boston Children’s Hospital, 300 Longwood Ave, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Private Versus Medicaid Patients Referred to Developmental Behavioral Pediatricians: Do They Differ? A DBPNet Study. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2018; 39:325-334. [PMID: 29557857 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000000546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unknown how insurance status affects elements of evaluation at developmental behavioral (DB) pediatric sites. OBJECTIVE To compare DB referrals, evaluation, and treatment for children with Medicaid and private insurance. DESIGN/METHODS Fifty-six developmental behavioral pediatricians at 12 sites recorded anonymous data on structured forms for ≤15 consecutive referrals. Children with Medicaid (n = 309) and private insurance (n = 393) were compared on sociodemographic factors, referral concerns, evaluation elements, and resulting diagnoses. All significant bivariate findings were verified in multivariable models controlling for site and sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS Those with Medicaid were significantly less likely to be white (30% vs 63%) and to have parents who went beyond high school (50% vs 92%) and who spoke English (89% vs 97%) (all p < 0.001). Referral sources were similar, except that fewer children with Medicaid were self-referred (12% vs 22%; p < 0.01). Both groups presented with multiple concerns, ∼3/child, especially speech and language delays, autism spectrum disorder, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Children with Medicaid tended to present more often with concerns about other behavior problems (14% vs 7%; p = 0.05). Wait times to appointments were similar (∼20 weeks), and visits were over 2 hours in length. Only 1 of 92 services and recommendations differed significantly. CONCLUSION There were few differences in care, but most DB patients presented with multiple concerns and had complex evaluations. Regardless of the insurance type, they experienced long wait times that may be detrimental to therapeutic outcomes.
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Sociocultural Considerations in Juvenile Arthritis: A Review. J Pediatr Nurs 2017; 37:13-21. [PMID: 28911961 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2017.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM Juvenile Arthritis (JA) is one of the most common autoimmune diseases in children. A variety of sociocultural factors that influence health outcomes in children with JA have been examined in previous research. However, clinical guidelines to guide the care of these children lack support because this research has not been systematically examined and synthesized. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Primary research articles from five internet databases were included if they were peer-reviewed articles in English of studies conducted in the U.S. or Canada and referenced one or more determinants of health, quality of life, socioeconomic status, or health disparities in children with JA. SAMPLE The final sample included 16 articles representing 2139 children and 939 parents. RESULTS Topics covered in the studies included medication compliance, electronic medical records, environmental risk factors, economic hardship, parental coping, leisure activities, and their effects on patient outcomes including disability and quality of life. Patients with Medicaid experienced more severe outcomes than patients with private insurance despite equivalent levels of healthcare utilization. Other important topics, such as effects of the physical environment and alcohol use, were missing from the literature. CONCLUSIONS Five categories of health determinants were found to influence outcomes: biology, individual behaviors, social environment, physical environment, and health services. Disparities continue to exist for racial and ethnic minority children with JA and those of low socioeconomic status. IMPLICATIONS Sociocultural factors should be taken into consideration when developing care plans, research studies, and policies in order to remove barriers and promote the best outcomes for this vulnerable population.
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Phillippi K, Hoeltzel M, Byun Robinson A, Kim S. Race, Income, and Disease Outcomes in Juvenile Dermatomyositis. J Pediatr 2017; 184:38-44.e1. [PMID: 28410093 PMCID: PMC5410644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.01.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationships among race, income, and disease outcomes in children with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM). STUDY DESIGN Data from 438 subjects with JDM enrolled in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance (CARRA) Legacy Registry were analyzed. Demographic data included age, sex, race, annual family income, and insurance status. Clinical outcomes included muscle strength, presence of rash, calcinosis, weakness, physical function, and quality of life measures. Disease outcomes were compared based on race and income. RESULTS Minority subjects were significantly more likely to have low annual family income and significantly worse scores on measures of physical function, disease activity, and quality of life measures. Subjects with lower annual family income had worse scores on measures of physical function, disease activity, and quality of life scores, as well as weakness. Black subjects were more likely to have calcinosis. Despite these differences in outcome measures, there were no significant differences among the racial groups in time to diagnosis or duration of disease. Using calcinosis as a marker of disease morbidity, black race, annual family income <$50 000 per year, negative antinuclear antibody, and delay in diagnosis >12 months were associated with calcinosis. CONCLUSION Minority race and lower family income are associated with worse morbidity and outcomes in subjects with JDM. Calcinosis was more common in black subjects. Further studies are needed to examine these associations in more detail, to support efforts to address health disparities in subjects with JDM and improve disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Phillippi
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital/Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH.
| | - Mark Hoeltzel
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Angela Byun Robinson
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Rheumatology, Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital/Case Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - Susan Kim
- Division of Rheumatology, University of California at San Francisco, Benioff Children's Hospital, San Francisco, CA
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Cifaldi M, Renaud J, Ganguli A, Halpern MT. Disparities in care by insurance status for individuals with rheumatoid arthritis: analysis of the medical expenditure panel survey, 2006-2009. Curr Med Res Opin 2016; 32:2029-2037. [PMID: 27551731 DOI: 10.1080/03007995.2016.1227775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Treatment guidelines for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) recommend early, aggressive treatment with nonbiologic and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) to minimize long-term disability. We aimed to assess differences in medical resource utilization, drug therapy, and health outcomes among RA patients by insurance type in the United States. METHODS Individuals with a self-reported diagnosis of RA were identified in the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) database, 2006-2009. Data regarding sociodemographic characteristics, insurance type and status, and outcomes (including health care resource utilization, prescription medication use, health status, and patient-reported barriers to health care) were extracted. Multivariable regression analyses were used to examine the impact of insurance type (private, Medicare, Medicaid, or uninsured) on outcome measures while controlling for age group, sex, and race/ethnicity. RESULTS A total of 693 individuals with a self-reported diagnosis of RA during the study period were identified; 423 were aged 18-64 years and 270 were aged ≥65 years. Among patients aged 18-64, those with Medicaid or who were uninsured were less likely than those with private insurance to visit a rheumatologist (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.13 and 0.17, respectively; p < .001) and to receive biologic DMARDS (aOR 0.09 [p < .001] and 0.16 [p < .01], respectively); those with Medicaid were also less likely to receive nonbiologic DMARDS (aOR 0.26 [p < .01]). Those with Medicaid were more likely than those with private insurance to be unable/delayed in getting prescription drugs (aOR 2.9 [p < .05]), to experience cognitive, social, and physical limitations (aOR 8.7 [p < .001], 4.7 [p < .001], and 2.5 [p < .05], respectively); they also reported significantly lower general health and health-related quality of life. Patients aged ≥65 experienced greater equity in care and outcomes. CONCLUSIONS Younger RA patients with Medicaid (including those who receive coverage under the Medicaid expansion component of the Affordable Care Act) may be at risk for inadequate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael T Halpern
- c RTI International , Washington , DC , USA
- d Temple University , Philadelphia , PA , USA
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18
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Mina R, Harris JG, Klein-Gitelman MS, Appenzeller S, Centeville M, Eskra D, Huggins JL, Johnson AL, Khubchandani R, Khandekar P, Lee J, Liu HM, Pendl JD, Silva CA, Silva MF, Zaal AI, DeWitt EM, Ardoin SP, Brunner HI. Initial Benchmarking of the Quality of Medical Care in Childhood-Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2016. [PMID: 26219749 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the quality of medical care in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) at tertiary pediatric rheumatology centers as measured by observance of SLE quality indicators (SLE-QIs). METHODS International consensus has been achieved for childhood-onset SLE-QIs capturing medical care provision in 9 domains: diagnostic testing, education of cardiovascular (CV) risk and lifestyles, lupus nephritis (LN), medication management, bone health, ophthalmologic surveillance, transition, pregnancy, and vaccination. Using medical record information, the level of performance of these childhood-onset SLE-QIs was assessed in childhood-onset SLE populations treated at 4 tertiary pediatric rheumatology centers in the US, 2 in Brazil, and 1 center in India. RESULTS A total of 483 childhood-onset SLE patients were assessed. Care for the 310 US patients differed markedly for childhood-onset SLE-QIs addressing LN, bone health, vaccinations, education on CV risk, and transition planning. Performance of safety blood testing for medications was high at all centers. Despite often similar performance on the childhood-onset SLE-QI, access to kidney biopsies was lower in Brazil than in the US. Irrespective of the country of practice, larger centers tended to meet the childhood-onset SLE-QIs more often than smaller centers. CONCLUSION The childhood-onset SLE-QIs, evidence-based minimum standards of medical care, are not consistently met in the US or some other countries outside the US. This has the potential to contribute to suboptimal childhood-onset SLE outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Mina
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Julia G Harris
- Children's Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri
| | | | | | | | - Diane Eskra
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Anne L Johnson
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | | | - Jiha Lee
- University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Hai Mei Liu
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Joshua D Pendl
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | | | - Ahmad I Zaal
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Stacy P Ardoin
- Nationwide Children's Hospital and Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Ehrmann Feldman D, Vinet É, Bernatsky S, Duffy C, Hazel B, Meshefedjian G, Sylvestre MP, Bérard A. Birth Outcomes in Women with a History of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. J Rheumatol 2016; 43:804-9. [PMID: 26834215 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.150592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether children born to women who had juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) had more adverse birth outcomes than children born to mothers who never had JIA. METHODS Our cohort study used data from physician billing and hospitalizations covering the province of Quebec, Canada. We identified all women with JIA with a first-time birth between January 1, 1983, and December 31, 2010, and assembled a control cohort of first-time mothers without JIA from the same administrative data, matching 4:1 for date of first birth, maternal age, and area of residence. We compared outcomes (stillbirth, prematurity, small for gestational age, and major congenital anomalies) in the JIA versus non-JIA groups using logistic regression. RESULTS Mean age at delivery was 24.7 years in the JIA group (n = 1681) and 25.0 years for the non-JIA group (n = 6724). Women who had JIA were at higher risk for a premature baby [adjusted relative risk (RR) 1.20, 95% CI 1.01-1.42], a baby small for gestational age (adjusted RR 1.19, 95% CI 1.04-1.37), and a child with a congenital malformation (adjusted RR 6.51, 95% CI 5.05-8.39). Neural tube defects were higher in the JIA offspring: 1.61% (95% CI 1.11-2.33) versus 0.03% (95% CI 0.01-0.11) in the non-JIA group, as were congenital heart defects: 1.07% (95% CI 0.68-1.69) versus 0.58% (95% CI 0.42-0.79). CONCLUSION Most women with JIA will deliver a normal baby, even though they are at higher risk for having a child with adverse birth outcomes. Research is needed to understand pathophysiologic mechanisms and to investigate the effects of medications during childhood and youth on future birth outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie Ehrmann Feldman
- From the École de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.D. Ehrmann Feldman, PhD, École de réadaptation, Université de Montréal, and Direction de Santé Publique de Montréal, and Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire de réadaptation de Montréal, and Institut de recherche en santé publique de l'université de Montréal; É. Vinet, MD, McGill University Health Centre; S. Bernatsky, MD, PhD, McGill University Health Centre, Division of Clinical Epidemiology; C. Duffy, MB, BCh, MSc, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; B. Hazel, MD, McGill University Health Centre; G. Meshefedjian, PhD, Direction de Santé Publique de Montréal; M.P. Sylvestre, PhD, Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université de Montréal; A. Bérard, PhD, Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal et Centre de recherche CHU Ste-Justine.
| | - Évelyne Vinet
- From the École de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.D. Ehrmann Feldman, PhD, École de réadaptation, Université de Montréal, and Direction de Santé Publique de Montréal, and Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire de réadaptation de Montréal, and Institut de recherche en santé publique de l'université de Montréal; É. Vinet, MD, McGill University Health Centre; S. Bernatsky, MD, PhD, McGill University Health Centre, Division of Clinical Epidemiology; C. Duffy, MB, BCh, MSc, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; B. Hazel, MD, McGill University Health Centre; G. Meshefedjian, PhD, Direction de Santé Publique de Montréal; M.P. Sylvestre, PhD, Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université de Montréal; A. Bérard, PhD, Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal et Centre de recherche CHU Ste-Justine
| | - Sasha Bernatsky
- From the École de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.D. Ehrmann Feldman, PhD, École de réadaptation, Université de Montréal, and Direction de Santé Publique de Montréal, and Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire de réadaptation de Montréal, and Institut de recherche en santé publique de l'université de Montréal; É. Vinet, MD, McGill University Health Centre; S. Bernatsky, MD, PhD, McGill University Health Centre, Division of Clinical Epidemiology; C. Duffy, MB, BCh, MSc, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; B. Hazel, MD, McGill University Health Centre; G. Meshefedjian, PhD, Direction de Santé Publique de Montréal; M.P. Sylvestre, PhD, Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université de Montréal; A. Bérard, PhD, Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal et Centre de recherche CHU Ste-Justine
| | - Ciarán Duffy
- From the École de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.D. Ehrmann Feldman, PhD, École de réadaptation, Université de Montréal, and Direction de Santé Publique de Montréal, and Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire de réadaptation de Montréal, and Institut de recherche en santé publique de l'université de Montréal; É. Vinet, MD, McGill University Health Centre; S. Bernatsky, MD, PhD, McGill University Health Centre, Division of Clinical Epidemiology; C. Duffy, MB, BCh, MSc, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; B. Hazel, MD, McGill University Health Centre; G. Meshefedjian, PhD, Direction de Santé Publique de Montréal; M.P. Sylvestre, PhD, Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université de Montréal; A. Bérard, PhD, Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal et Centre de recherche CHU Ste-Justine
| | - Beth Hazel
- From the École de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.D. Ehrmann Feldman, PhD, École de réadaptation, Université de Montréal, and Direction de Santé Publique de Montréal, and Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire de réadaptation de Montréal, and Institut de recherche en santé publique de l'université de Montréal; É. Vinet, MD, McGill University Health Centre; S. Bernatsky, MD, PhD, McGill University Health Centre, Division of Clinical Epidemiology; C. Duffy, MB, BCh, MSc, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; B. Hazel, MD, McGill University Health Centre; G. Meshefedjian, PhD, Direction de Santé Publique de Montréal; M.P. Sylvestre, PhD, Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université de Montréal; A. Bérard, PhD, Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal et Centre de recherche CHU Ste-Justine
| | - Garbis Meshefedjian
- From the École de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.D. Ehrmann Feldman, PhD, École de réadaptation, Université de Montréal, and Direction de Santé Publique de Montréal, and Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire de réadaptation de Montréal, and Institut de recherche en santé publique de l'université de Montréal; É. Vinet, MD, McGill University Health Centre; S. Bernatsky, MD, PhD, McGill University Health Centre, Division of Clinical Epidemiology; C. Duffy, MB, BCh, MSc, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; B. Hazel, MD, McGill University Health Centre; G. Meshefedjian, PhD, Direction de Santé Publique de Montréal; M.P. Sylvestre, PhD, Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université de Montréal; A. Bérard, PhD, Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal et Centre de recherche CHU Ste-Justine
| | - Marie-Pierre Sylvestre
- From the École de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.D. Ehrmann Feldman, PhD, École de réadaptation, Université de Montréal, and Direction de Santé Publique de Montréal, and Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire de réadaptation de Montréal, and Institut de recherche en santé publique de l'université de Montréal; É. Vinet, MD, McGill University Health Centre; S. Bernatsky, MD, PhD, McGill University Health Centre, Division of Clinical Epidemiology; C. Duffy, MB, BCh, MSc, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; B. Hazel, MD, McGill University Health Centre; G. Meshefedjian, PhD, Direction de Santé Publique de Montréal; M.P. Sylvestre, PhD, Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université de Montréal; A. Bérard, PhD, Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal et Centre de recherche CHU Ste-Justine
| | - Anick Bérard
- From the École de réadaptation, Faculté de médecine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.D. Ehrmann Feldman, PhD, École de réadaptation, Université de Montréal, and Direction de Santé Publique de Montréal, and Centre de recherche interdisciplinaire de réadaptation de Montréal, and Institut de recherche en santé publique de l'université de Montréal; É. Vinet, MD, McGill University Health Centre; S. Bernatsky, MD, PhD, McGill University Health Centre, Division of Clinical Epidemiology; C. Duffy, MB, BCh, MSc, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, and Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa; B. Hazel, MD, McGill University Health Centre; G. Meshefedjian, PhD, Direction de Santé Publique de Montréal; M.P. Sylvestre, PhD, Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université de Montréal; A. Bérard, PhD, Faculté de pharmacie, Université de Montréal et Centre de recherche CHU Ste-Justine
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Verstappen SMM, Cobb J, Foster HE, Fu B, Baildam E, Wedderburn LR, Davidson JE, Ioannou J, Chieng A, Hyrich KL, Thomson W. The association between low socioeconomic status with high physical limitations and low illness self-perception in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: results from the Childhood Arthritis Prospective Study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2015; 67:382-9. [PMID: 25187470 PMCID: PMC4737227 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Objective To examine the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and delay to a pediatric rheumatology clinic, disease severity, and illness perception in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis in England. Methods Using the Index of Multiple Deprivation, 923 consecutive children from the Childhood Arthritis Prospective Study were assigned to SES groups: high‐SES (19.1%), middle‐SES (44.5%), or low‐SES (36.4%). At baseline, disease activity was assessed, and the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (C‐HAQ), the Illness Perception Questionnaire, and the Child Health Questionnaire, version Parent Form 50, were completed. Linear median regression analyses or zero‐inflated negative binominal (ZINB) regression analyses were used. Results Delay to first pediatric rheumatology consultation was the same between the 3 SES groups. Although disease activity scores assessed by the pediatric rheumatologist did not differ between the 3 SES groups, persons in the low‐SES group recorded higher C‐HAQ scores compared to the high‐SES group (zero‐inflated part of ZINB odds ratio 0.28 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.14, 0.55], count part of ZINB β 0.26 [95% CI 0.05, 0.48]). Parents with low SES also reported more often that their children's school work or activities with friends had been limited. Furthermore, the low‐SES group had a worse perception about the consequences of the disease and the effect of treatment than those in the high‐SES group. Conclusion Patients from a low‐SES background report more problems with daily activities and have a lower perception of the consequences of the disease than patients from a high‐SES background, warranting special attention from a multidisciplinary team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne M M Verstappen
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Epidemiology, Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, Institute of Inflammation and Repair, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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Kenzik KM, Tuli SY, Revicki DA, Shenkman EA, Huang IC. Comparison of 4 Pediatric Health-Related Quality-of-Life Instruments: A Study on a Medicaid Population. Med Decis Making 2014; 34:590-602. [PMID: 24739533 DOI: 10.1177/0272989x14529846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have compared multiple health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) instruments simultaneously for pediatric populations. This study aimed to test psychometric properties of 4 legacy pediatric HRQOL instruments: the Child Health and Illness Profile (CHIP), the KIDSCREEN-52, the KINDL, and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). METHODS This study used data from 908 parents whose children (ages 2-19 years) were enrolled in Florida Medicaid. Parents were asked via telephone interview to complete each instrument appropriate to the age of their children. Structural, convergent/discriminant, and known-group validities were investigated. We examined structural validity using confirmatory factor analyses. We examined convergent/discriminant validity by comparing Spearman rank correlation coefficients of homogeneous (physical functioning and physical well-being) versus heterogeneous (physical and psychological functioning) domains of the instruments. We assessed known-groups validity by examining the extent to which HRQOL differed by the status of children with special health needs (CSHCN). RESULTS Domain scores of the 4 instruments were not normally distributed, and ceiling effects were significant in most domains. The KIDSCREEN-52 demonstrates the best structural validity, followed by the CHIP, KINDL, and PedsQL. The PedsQL and the KIDSCREEN-52 show better convergent/discriminant validity than the other instruments. Known-groups validity in discriminating CSHCN versus no needs was the best for the PedsQL, followed by the KIDSCREEN-52, the CHIP, and the KINDL. CONCLUSION No one instrument was fully satisfactory in all psychometric properties. Strategies are recommended for future comparison of item content and measurement properties across different HRQOL instruments for research and clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M Kenzik
- Center for Outcomes and Effectiveness Research and Education, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA (KMK)
| | - Sanjeev Y Tuli
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA (SYT)
| | - Dennis A Revicki
- Center for Health Outcomes Research, Evidera, Bethesda, MD, USA (DAR)
| | - Elizabeth A Shenkman
- Institute for Child Health Policy, Department of Health Outcomes & Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA (EAS, I-CH)
| | - I-Chan Huang
- Institute for Child Health Policy, Department of Health Outcomes & Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA (EAS, I-CH)
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Seid M, Huang B, Niehaus S, Brunner HI, Lovell DJ. Determinants of health-related quality of life in children newly diagnosed with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2014; 66:263-9. [PMID: 23983144 PMCID: PMC5264493 DOI: 10.1002/acr.22117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Accepted: 08/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the degree to which nonmedical factors explain additional variance in parent proxy report and child self-report of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among newly diagnosed children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) after accounting for medical factors. METHODS Parents (of children ages 2-16 years; n = 230) and patients (ages >5 years; n = 180) diagnosed within the previous 6 months completed surveys to assess medical (clinical parameters and functional status) and nonmedical (self-efficacy, coping, barriers to adherence, social support, parental distress, and access to care) factors and HRQOL (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Generic Core Scales). Physician-rated global assessment of disease activity, active joint count, and select laboratory variables (rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibodies, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate) were recorded. RESULTS Nonmedical factors, including self-efficacy, coping with pain, barriers to adherence, social support, and parental distress, explained additional variance in HRQOL total, physical functioning, and psychosocial functioning scales (R(2) increases of 6%, 1%, and 13% for parent proxy report and 16%, 7%, and 30% for self-report, respectively). Parental distress was uniquely associated with parent proxy-report HRQOL, while child self-efficacy and social support were uniquely associated with self-report HRQOL. CONCLUSION Nonmedical factors are associated with HRQOL in newly diagnosed patients with JIA after accounting for medical variables, particularly for psychosocial functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bin Huang
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center
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23
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Ens A, Lang B, Ramsey S, Stringer E, Huber AM. The financial burden of juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a Nova Scotia experience. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2013; 11:24. [PMID: 23714134 PMCID: PMC3711732 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-11-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common childhood rheumatic illness. There is little published data on the financial burden of this illness. The primary objective of this study was to determine the annual costs borne by families of a child with JIA living in Nova Scotia (NS). METHODS All families in NS with a child followed in the Pediatric Rheumatology Clinic at the Izaak Walton Killam Health Centre (IWK) in 2009 were mailed a self-report questionnaire. The questionnaire evaluated disease related costs, gross household income and perceived financial burden. Dillman's method was used to optimize return rates. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize results. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship of distance from the IWK and cost. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare median costs between groups. RESULTS Of 172 possible respondents, we received 54 completed questionnaires and 11 blank questionnaires (overall response rate 31.4%). Approximately one third (35.9%) of parents rated the financial burden as moderate or large and 36% rated financial resources available as poor. The median annual total cost per patient was $619.50 CAD (range 0, $5535) which was a median 0.7% (range 0, 37%) of gross household incomes. The largest expense for families was visit related costs. There was not a significant relationship between total annual costs and distance from the IWK (rs = 0.18, P = 0.2). Families of a child with oligoarthritis had significantly lower costs than the families of a child with another subtype of JIA ($359.00 CAD vs. $877.00 CAD, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The costs associated with having a child with JIA in NS are on average modest, but may be considerable for some families. Oligoarticular JIA is associated with smaller costs. Many families perceive the burden to be at least moderate and the availability of financial resources to be poor. Supports should be targeted to those families most in need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ens
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
| | - Bianca Lang
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Suzanne Ramsey
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Stringer
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Adam M Huber
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada,Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Evaluation of the association between Hispanic ethnicity and disease activity and severity in a large cohort of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Rheumatol Int 2013; 33:2549-54. [PMID: 23660749 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-013-2773-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To examine the association between ethnicity and disease activity in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and to determine the association of ethnicity with disease severity and disability in this population. CARRAnet, a US database containing information (collected between May 2010 and June 2011) on almost 3,000 subjects with JIA, was used. Demographic variables were compared between Hispanic patients and non-Hispanic patients. Mann-Whitney and chi-square tests were used to compare indicators of disease activity, as well as imaging evidence of joint damage, and Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) scores between ethnicities. Two linear regression models were used to determine the association of ethnicity with number of active joints in JIA, and the association between ethnicity and disability (CHAQ scores). A total of 2,704 patients with JIA (277 Hispanic; 2,427 non-Hispanic) were included. Income and health insurance coverage were higher in non-Hispanics. RF-positive polyarticular JIA, positive RF and anti-CCP, as well as use of systemic steroids were more frequent in Hispanics. Imaging evidence of joint damage was present in 32 % of the Hispanic patients compared to 24 % of the non-Hispanic patients (p = 0.008). In multivariate linear regression analyses, the number of active joints was significantly higher in Hispanics than in non-Hispanics (p = 0.03), as well as CHAQ scores (p = 0.003), after adjusting for confounders. Hispanic patients with JIA had higher disease activity than non-Hispanic patients, as well as higher disease severity and disability. Since ethnicity influences disease activity, severity, and disability, different management and treatment plans should be planned accordingly.
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Carle AC, Dewitt EM, Seid M. Measures of health status and quality of life in juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Rheumatology Module 3.0, Juvenile Arthritis Quality of Life Questionnaire (JAQQ), Paediatric Rheumatology Quality of Life Scale (PRQL), and Childhood Arthritis Health Profile (CAHP). Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2012; 63 Suppl 11:S438-45. [PMID: 22588764 DOI: 10.1002/acr.20560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A C Carle
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
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The clinical spectrum of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in a large urban population. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2012; 14:116-20. [PMID: 22302622 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-012-0237-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Urban populations present particular challenges for medical providers. Patients are extremely diverse, with varied socioeconomic, cultural, and ethnic backgrounds. Physicians caring for children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis must be prepared to interact effectively with many types of families who bring with them varied experiences and expectations. Pediatric rheumatologists should be familiar with patient characteristics that can influence disease outcomes. Access to care is affected by place of residence, referral delays, parental education, and the child’s insurance status. Patients of different ethnic backgrounds vary in their trust of physicians and health systems. Understanding of risk in medical decision making is influenced by ethnicity as well. Adherence also varies by ethnic group, with African American patients reporting lower adherence than Caucasian patients. Issues of doctor– patient communication and use of complementary and alternative medicine are also affected by cultural factors. Especially for physicians working in a large metropolitan area, an understanding of societal factors influencing patient behavior is essential to provide optimal care for children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
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Vouyouka AG, Egorova NN, Sosunov EA, Moskowitz AJ, Gelijns A, Marin M, Faries PL. Analysis of Florida and New York state hospital discharges suggests that carotid stenting in symptomatic women is associated with significant increase in mortality and perioperative morbidity compared with carotid endarterectomy. J Vasc Surg 2012; 56:334-42. [PMID: 22583852 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2012.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2011] [Revised: 01/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although large randomized studies have established the efficacy and safety of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and, recently, carotid artery stenting (CAS), the under-representation of women in these trials leaves the comparison of risks to benefits of performing these procedures on women an open question. To address this issue, we reviewed the hospital outcomes and delineated patient characteristics predicting outcome in women undergoing carotid interventions using New York and Florida statewide hospital discharge databases. METHODS We analyzed in-hospital mortality, postoperative stroke, cardiac postoperative complications, and combined postoperative stoke and mortality in 20,613 CEA or CAS hospitalizations for the years 2007 to 2009. Univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses of variables were performed. RESULTS CEA was performed in 16,576 asymptomatic and 1744 symptomatic women and CAS in 1943 asymptomatic and 350 symptomatic women. Compared with CAS, CEA rates, in asymptomatic vs symptomatic, were significantly lower for in-hospital mortality (0.3% vs 0.8% and 0.4% vs 3.4%), stroke (1.5% vs 2.6% and 3.5% vs 9.4%), and combined stroke/mortality (1.7% vs 3.1% and 3.8% vs 10.9%). In cohorts matched by propensity scores, the same trend favoring CEA remained significant in symptomatic women. There was no difference in cardiac complication rates among asymptomatic women, but among symptomatic woman cardiac complications were more frequent after CAS (10.6% vs 6.5%; P = .0077). Among symptomatic women, the presence of renal disease, coronary artery disease, or age ≥80 years increased the risk of CAS over CEA threefold for the composite end point of stroke or death. For asymptomatic women only in those with coronary artery disease or diabetes, there was a statistical difference in the composite mortality/stroke rates favoring CEA (1.9% vs 3.3% and 1.7% vs 3.4%, respectively). After adjusting for relevant clinical and demographic risk factors and hospital annual volume, for CAS vs CEA, the risk of the composite end point of stroke or mortality was 1.7-fold higher in symptomatic and 3.4-fold higher in asymptomatic patients. Medicaid insurance, symptomatic patient, history of cancer, and presence of heart failure on admission were among other strong predictors of composite stroke/mortality outcome. CONCLUSIONS Databases reflecting real-world practice performance and management of carotid disease in women suggest that CEA compared with CAS has overall better perioperative outcomes in women. Importantly, CAS is associated with significantly higher morbidity in certain clinical settings and this should be taken into account when choosing a revascularization procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ageliki G Vouyouka
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mount Sinai Medical School, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Lindsley CB. Policy challenges for the pediatric rheumatology workforce. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2012; 10:5. [PMID: 22300325 PMCID: PMC3298478 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-10-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2011] [Accepted: 02/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carol B Lindsley
- Pediatric Rheumatology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Blvd, Kansas City, KS 66160 913-588-5000, USA.
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Henrickson M. Policy challenges for the pediatric rheumatology workforce: Part I. Education and economics. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2011; 9:23. [PMID: 21846336 PMCID: PMC3170606 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-9-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2010] [Accepted: 08/16/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
For children with rheumatic conditions, the available pediatric rheumatology workforce mitigates their access to care. While the subspecialty experiences steady growth, a critical workforce shortage constrains access. This three-part review proposes both national and international interim policy solutions for the multiple causes of the existing unacceptable shortfall. Part I explores the impact of current educational deficits and economic obstacles which constrain appropriate access to care. Proposed policy solutions follow each identified barrier.Challenges consequent to obsolete, limited or unavailable exposure to pediatric rheumatology include: absent or inadequate recognition or awareness of rheumatic disease; referral patterns that commonly foster delays in timely diagnosis; and primary care providers' inappropriate or outdated perception of outcomes. Varying models of pediatric rheumatology care delivery consequent to market competition, inadequate reimbursement and uneven institutional support serve as additional barriers to care.A large proportion of pediatrics residency programs offer pediatric rheumatology rotations. However, a minority of pediatrics residents participate. The current generalist pediatrician workforce has relatively poor musculoskeletal physical examination skills, lacking basic competency in musculoskeletal medicine. To compensate, many primary care providers rely on blood tests, generating referrals that divert scarce resources away from patients who merit accelerated access to care for rheumatic disease. Pediatric rheumatology exposure could be enhanced during residency by providing a mandatory musculoskeletal medicine rotation that includes related musculoskeletal subspecialties. An important step is the progressive improvement of many providers' fixed referral and laboratory testing patterns in lieu of sound physical examination skills.Changing demographics and persistent reimbursement disparities will require workplace innovation and legislative reform. Reimbursement reform is utterly essential to extending patient access to subspecialty care. In practice settings characterized by a proportion of Medicaid-subsidized patients in excess of the national average (> 41%), institutional support is vital. Accelerating access to care will require the most efficient deployment of existing, limited resources. Practice redesign of such resources can also improve access, e.g., group appointments and an escalating role for physician extenders. Multidisciplinary, team-oriented care and telemedicine have growing evidence basis as solutions to limited access to pediatric rheumatology services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Henrickson
- Division of Rheumatology, MLC 4010, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA.
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30
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Foster H, Rapley T. Access to pediatric rheumatology care -- a major challenge to improving outcome in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Rheumatol 2011; 37:2199-202. [PMID: 21041261 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.100910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Schmajuk G, Trivedi AN, Solomon DH, Yelin E, Trupin L, Chakravarty EF, Yazdany J. Receipt of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs among patients with rheumatoid arthritis in Medicare managed care plans. JAMA 2011; 305:480-6. [PMID: 21285425 PMCID: PMC3172813 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2011.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In 2005, the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS) introduced a quality measure to assess the receipt of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). OBJECTIVE To identify sociodemographic, community, and health plan factors associated with DMARD receipt among Medicare managed care enrollees. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS We analyzed individual-level HEDIS data for 93,143 patients who were at least 65 years old with at least 2 diagnoses of RA within a measurement year (during 2005-2008). Logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations were used to determine factors associated with DMARD receipt and logistic regression was used to adjust health plan performance for case mix. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Receipt or nonreceipt of DMARD. RESULTS The mean age of patients was 74 years; 75% were women and 82% were white. Overall performance on the HEDIS measure for RA was 59% in 2005, increasing to 67% in 2008 (P for trend <.001). The largest difference in performance was based on age: patients aged 85 years and older had a 30 percentage point lower rate of DMARD receipt (95% confidence interval [CI], -29 to -32 points; P < .001), compared with patients 65 to 69 years of age, even after adjusting for other factors. Lower percentage point rates were also found for patients who were men (-3 points; 95% CI, -5 to -2 points; P < .001), of black race (-4 points; 95% CI, -6 to -2 points; P < .001), with low personal income (-6 points; 95% CI, -8 to -5 points; P < .001), with the lowest zip code-based socioeconomic status (-4 points; 95% CI, -6 to 2 points; P < .001), or enrolled in for-profit health plans (-4 points; 95% CI, -7 to 0 points; P < .001); and in the Middle Atlantic region (-7 points; 95% CI, -13 to -2 points; P < .001) and South Atlantic regions (-11 points; 95% CI, -20 to -3 points; P < .001) as compared with the Pacific region. Performance varied widely by health plan, ranging from 16% to 87%. CONCLUSIONS Among Medicare managed care enrollees carrying a diagnosis of RA between 2005 and 2008, 63% received a DMARD. Receipt of DMARDs varied based on demographic factors, socioeconomic status, geographic location, and health plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Schmajuk
- Stanford University, Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, 1000 Welch Rd, Ste 203, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
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Ehrmann Feldman D, Bernatsky S, Houde M. The incidence of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis in Quebec: a population data-based study. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2009; 7:20. [PMID: 19922673 PMCID: PMC2783018 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-7-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the population incidence of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) in Quebec. METHODS We obtained data from Quebec's physician claims database. Incident cases were defined as having a visit for JRA in 2000, no visit in the previous 3 years, a confirmed diagnosis by an arthritis specialist, or having >/= 2 visits to any physician for JRA, >/= 2 months apart but within 2 years. RESULTS Cumulative incidence of JRA was 17.8/100,000. Mean age at diagnosis was 9.8 +/- 4.6 years, 68% were female and more persons were diagnosed in winter. Subjects had a median of 10 medical visits over the first year. CONCLUSION Our population based incidence estimate was similar to others. Children and adolescents with JRA are heavy users of medical care. Additional study of environmental or climate- related triggers may be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie Ehrmann Feldman
- Université de Montréal, Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Rehabilitation, and Public Health Department of Montreal, Pavillon 7077 du Parc, CP 6128, Succ Centre-ville, Montréal, Qc H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Sasha Bernatsky
- McGill University, Montreal, Canada Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Royal Victoria Hospital, V Building, 687 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, QC H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Michelle Houde
- Public Health Department of Montreal, Agence de la santé et des services sociaux de Montréal, Direction de Santé Publique, 1301 rue Sherbrooke Est, Montréal (Qc) H2L 1M3, Canada
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Foster H, Rapley T, May C. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis: improved outcome requires improved access to care. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2009; 49:401-3. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kep347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Improving the management of paediatric rheumatic diseases globally. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2009; 23:643-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.berh.2009.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Modi AC, King AS, Monahan SR, Koumoutsos JE, Morita DA, Glauser TA. Even a single seizure negatively impacts pediatric health-related quality of life. Epilepsia 2009; 50:2110-6. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02149.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Ringold S, Wallace CA, Rivara FP. Health-related quality of life, physical function, fatigue, and disease activity in children with established polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis. J Rheumatol 2009; 36:1330-6. [PMID: 19411394 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.081028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare child self-report and parent/proxy report of health-related quality of life (HRQOL), disability, and fatigue in children with active polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) to that of children with inactive polyarticular JIA and to previous data from healthy controls. METHODS Cross-sectional survey of children with polyarticular JIA diagnosed and treated between 2000 to 2006 and their parent/proxy. The Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire, Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) Generic Core Scales, PedsQL Rheumatology Module, and PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale were administered. Disease activity data were collected from the physician clinic notes. Comparisons were performed with t tests. Correlations between patient and parent/proxy reports were measured with Pearson correlation coefficients. RESULTS Sixty children and/or their parents/proxies participated (79% response rate). Disease activity status was available for 52, and 32 met criteria for inactive disease (62%). Participants reported lower scores on the PedsQL Generic Core Scales (range 2.54-9.13 points lower) and the PedsQL Rheumatology Module (range 2.46-6.96 points lower) than those with inactive disease. Participants also reported lower scores on the PedsQL Multidimensional Fatigue Scale than did healthy controls, regardless of disease activity status (range 0.06-9.2 points lower). CONCLUSION Although children in this cohort with polyarticular JIA and inactive disease reported HRQOL scores similar to those of healthy controls, children with polyarticular JIA and their parents/proxies tended to report more fatigue than controls, regardless of disease activity. Application of these measures prospectively to larger cohorts of children with JIA is needed to assess these differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ringold
- Department of Pediatrics, Seattle Children's Hospital, MS R-5420, 4800 Sandpoint Way NE, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
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LEE SUSANJ, CHANG HONG, YAZICI YUSUF, GREENBERG JEFFREYD, KREMER JOELM, KAVANAUGH ARTHUR. Utilization Trends of Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitors Among Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis in a United States Observational Cohort Study. J Rheumatol 2009; 36:1611-7. [DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.080889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Studies have suggested that early institution of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors improves functional status and slows radiographic progression among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). To determine whether these findings have altered practice patterns, we used the Consortium of Rheumatology Researchers of North America (CORRONA) registry to assess the pattern of TNF inhibitor utilization in the US over time.Methods.Demographics and disease activity data were collected for patients with RA. The trend of TNF inhibitor use during 2002–06 was evaluated prospectively using linear and logistic regression models.Results.Of the 11,397 patients with RA, 66% and 34% had established RA and early RA (disease duration < 3 yrs), respectively. The majority of patients were female and Caucasian. Despite comparable levels of disease activity, more of the patients with established RA were taking TNF inhibitors than those with early RA (40% vs 25%; p < 0.0001). The majority of patients (70%) taking TNF inhibitors were also receiving disease modifying antirheumatic drugs. The use of TNF inhibitors increased at a rate of 2.8% per year in established RA and 1.2% per year in early RA. The mean Clinical Disease Activity Index at the start of TNF inhibitors decreased at a rate of −0.233 per quarter (p = 0.006), while the mean Disease Activity Score decreased at a rate of −0.04 per quarter (p = 0.022).Conclusion.Utilization of TNF inhibitors in this multicenter, observational US cohort is increasing in both early and established RA, although it is more prominent among patients with established RA. The level of disease activity at which TNF inhibitors were initiated decreased over time in patients with both established and early RA.
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Seid M, Opipari L, Huang B, Brunner HI, Lovell DJ. Disease control and health-related quality of life in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM 2009; 61:393-9. [PMID: 19248113 PMCID: PMC5289409 DOI: 10.1002/art.24477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine variability in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) experiencing no or minimal clinical symptoms, and in a subgroup with polyarticular JIA treated with biologic agents for 12 months. METHODS We defined 3 samples using a database of patients ages 2-18 years with JIA (n = 524; patient visits [PV] = 2,354): visits (PV = 2,155) with no or minimal clinical symptoms on at least 1 of 4 measures (active joint count, pain, physician global disease rating, Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire); visits (PV = 941) with no or minimal symptoms on all 4 measures; and children (n = 31) with polyarticular JIA treated with biologic agents for 12 months. HRQOL was measured using the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) and the percentage of patients with suboptimal HRQOL was determined. RESULTS In PV with a PedsQL score, suboptimal HRQOL by self-report occurred in 362 (20.6%) PV with at least 1 indicator of minimal symptoms, and in 64 (7.9%) PV with all 4 measures indicating minimal symptoms (519 [25.7%] and 95 [10.7%], respectively, by parent report). For children with polyarticular JIA treated for 12 months with biologic agents, 7 (25.9%) patients by self-report and 10 (35.7%) patients by parent report were in the suboptimal range of HRQOL. CONCLUSION A substantial percentage of patients with JIA who report no or mild clinical symptoms experience suboptimal HRQOL. This is also true for patients with polyarticular JIA treated with biologic agents for 12 months. Although disease activity and clinical symptoms are related to HRQOL, considerable unexplained variation in HRQOL exists. HRQOL needs to be assessed independently regardless of clinical status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Seid
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Quality improvement is a mandate for all individuals and institutions in medicine. Quality improvement has spread to the specialty certifying boards, resident education accreditation, licensure boards, and hospital medical staff offices. This review summarizes the thrust of quality improvement, provides justification for the conduct of quality improvement work, and reviews the progress in development of quality measures in rheumatology to date. RECENT FINDINGS The American College of Rheumatology, quality of care, and quality measure committees have developed quality indicators for rheumatoid arthritis, gout, osteoporosis, and drug safety. Pediatric rheumatology is charged with developing quality measures for juvenile idiopathic arthritis; thus, there is a commitment to improve the processes and patient outcomes. Quality improvement science has progressed over the last decade and employs methodology that utilizes small number and rapid improvement cycles. Examples of this quality improvement methodology are elaborated in this review. SUMMARY The review summarizes the history and current mandates for quality improvement in the medical community, progress made in the development of quality measures for adult rheumatologic conditions, and preliminary quality measures for juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and cites examples of quality improvement in progress in the pediatric rheumatology.
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