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Gangi LR, Pagon AD, Pellicore MJ, Kroupa KR, Murphy LA, Ateshian GA, Hung CT. Synovium friction properties are influenced by proteoglycan content. J Biomech 2024; 174:112272. [PMID: 39146899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2024.112272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
The synovium plays a crucial role in diarthrodial joint health, and its study has garnered appreciation as synovitis has been linked to osteoarthritis symptoms and progression. Quantitative synovium structure-function data, however, remain sparse. In the present study, we hypothesized that tissue glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content contributes to the low friction properties of the synovium. Bovine and human synovium tribological properties were evaluated using a custom friction testing device in two different cases: (1) proteoglycan depletion to isolate the influence of tissue GAGs in the synovium friction response and (2) interleukin-1 (IL) treatment to observe inflammation-induced structural and functional changes. Following proteoglycan depletion, synovium friction coefficients increased while GAG content decreased. Conversely, synovium explants treated with the proinflammatory cytokine IL exhibited elevated GAG concentrations and decreased friction coefficients. For the first time, a relationship between synovium friction coefficient and GAG concentration is demonstrated. The study of synovium tribology is necessary to fully understand the mechanical environment of the healthy and diseased joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianna R Gangi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Athena D Pagon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Matthew J Pellicore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Kimberly R Kroupa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lance A Murphy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Gerard A Ateshian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Clark T Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States.
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2
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Nemoto H, Sakai D, Watson D, Masuda K. Nuclear Factor-κB Decoy Oligodeoxynucleotide Attenuates Cartilage Resorption In Vitro. Bioengineering (Basel) 2024; 11:46. [PMID: 38247922 PMCID: PMC10813736 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering11010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cartilage harvest and transplantation is a common surgery using costal, auricular, and septal cartilage for craniofacial reconstruction. However, absorption and warping of the cartilage grafts can occur due to inflammatory factors associated with wound healing. Transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is activated by the various stimulation such as interleukin-1 (IL-1), and plays a central role in the transactivation of this inflammatory cytokine gene. Inhibition of NF-κB may have anti-inflammatory effects. The aim of this study was to explore the potential of an NF-κB decoy oligodeoxynucleotide (Decoy) as a chondroprotective agent. MATERIALS AND METHODS Safe and efficacious concentrations of Decoy were assessed using rabbit nasal septal chondrocytes (rNSChs) and assays for cytotoxicity, proteoglycan (PG) synthesis, and PG turnover were carried out. The efficacious concentration of Decoy determined from the rNSChs was then applied to human nasal septal cartilage (hNSC) in vitro and analyzed for PG turnover, the levels of inflammatory markers, and catabolic enzymes in explant-conditioned culture medium. RESULTS Over the range of Decoy conditions and concentrations, no inhibition of PG synthesis or cytotoxicity was observed. Decoy at 10 μM effectively inhibited PG degradation in the hNSC explant, prolonging PG half-life by 63% and decreasing matrix metalloprotease 3 (MMP-3) by 70.7% (p = 0.027). CONCLUSIONS Decoy may be considered a novel chondroprotective therapeutic agent in cartilage transplantation due to its ability to inhibit cartilage degradation due to inflammation cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Nemoto
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Plastic Surgery, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sakai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (D.S.); (K.M.)
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Tokai University, Isehara 259-1193, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Deborah Watson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Koichi Masuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA; (D.S.); (K.M.)
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3
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Durney KM, Shaeffer CA, Zimmerman BK, Nims RJ, Oungoulian S, Jones BK, Boorman-Padgett JF, Suh JT, Shah RP, Hung CT, Ateshian GA. Immature bovine cartilage wear by fatigue failure and delamination. J Biomech 2020; 107:109852. [PMID: 32517855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2020.109852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated wear damage of immature bovine articular cartilage using reciprocal sliding of tibial cartilage strips against glass or cartilage. Experiments were conducted in physiological buffered saline (PBS) or mature bovine synovial fluid (SF). A total of 63 samples were tested, of which 47 exhibited wear damage due to delamination of the cartilage surface initiated in the middle zone, with no evidence of abrasive wear. There was no difference between the friction coefficient of damaged and undamaged samples, showing that delamination wear occurs even when friction remains low under a migrating contact area configuration. No difference was observed in the onset of damage or in the friction coefficient between samples tested in PBS or SF. The onset of damage occurred earlier when testing cartilage against glass versus cartilage against cartilage, supporting the hypothesis that delamination occurs due to fatigue failure of the collagen in the middle zone, since stiffer glass produces higher strains and tensile stresses under comparable loads. The findings of this study are novel because they establish that delamination of the articular surface, starting in the middle zone, may represent a primary mechanism of failure. Based on preliminary data, it is reasonable to hypothesize that delamination wear via subsurface fatigue failure is similarly the primary mechanism of human cartilage wear under normal loading conditions, albeit requiring far more cycles of loading than in immature bovine cartilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krista M Durney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Courtney A Shaeffer
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brandon K Zimmerman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Nims
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sevan Oungoulian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian K Jones
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jason T Suh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Roshan P Shah
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Clark T Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gerard A Ateshian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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4
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Nims RJ, Cigan AD, Durney KM, Jones BK, O'Neill JD, Law WSA, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Hung CT, Ateshian GA. * Constrained Cage Culture Improves Engineered Cartilage Functional Properties by Enhancing Collagen Network Stability. Tissue Eng Part A 2017; 23:847-858. [PMID: 28193145 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
When cultured with sufficient nutrient supply, engineered cartilage synthesizes proteoglycans rapidly, producing an osmotic swelling pressure that destabilizes immature collagen and prevents the development of a robust collagen framework, a hallmark of native cartilage. We hypothesized that mechanically constraining the proteoglycan-induced tissue swelling would enhance construct functional properties through the development of a more stable collagen framework. To test this hypothesis, we developed a novel "cage" growth system to mechanically prevent tissue constructs from swelling while ensuring adequate nutrient supply to the growing construct. The effectiveness of constrained culture was examined by testing constructs embedded within two different scaffolds: agarose and cartilage-derived matrix hydrogel (CDMH). Constructs were seeded with immature bovine chondrocytes and cultured under free swelling (FS) conditions for 14 days with transforming growth factor-β before being placed into a constraining cage for the remainder of culture. Controls were cultured under FS conditions throughout. Agarose constructs cultured in cages did not expand after the day 14 caging while FS constructs expanded to 8 × their day 0 weight after 112 days of culture. In addition to the physical differences in growth, by day 56, caged constructs had higher equilibrium (agarose: 639 ± 179 kPa and CDMH: 608 ± 257 kPa) and dynamic compressive moduli (agarose: 3.4 ± 1.0 MPa and CDMH 2.8 ± 1.0 MPa) than FS constructs (agarose: 193 ± 74 kPa and 1.1 ± 0.5 MPa and CDMH: 317 ± 93 kPa and 1.8 ± 1.0 MPa for equilibrium and dynamic properties, respectively). Interestingly, when normalized to final day wet weight, cage and FS constructs did not exhibit differences in proteoglycan or collagen content. However, caged culture enhanced collagen maturation through the increased formation of pyridinoline crosslinks and improved collagen matrix stability as measured by α-chymotrypsin solubility. These findings demonstrate that physically constrained culture of engineered cartilage constructs improves functional properties through improved collagen network maturity and stability. We anticipate that constrained culture may benefit other reported engineered cartilage systems that exhibit a mismatch in proteoglycan and collagen synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Nims
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York
| | - Alexander D Cigan
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York
| | - Krista M Durney
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York
| | - Brian K Jones
- 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York
| | - John D O'Neill
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York
| | - Wing-Sum A Law
- 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York
| | - Gordana Vunjak-Novakovic
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York.,3 Department of Medicine, Columbia University , New York, New York
| | - Clark T Hung
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York
| | - Gerard A Ateshian
- 1 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York.,2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University , New York, New York
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5
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Nguyen QT, Jacobsen TD, Chahine NO. Effects of Inflammation on Multiscale Biomechanical Properties of Cartilaginous Cells and Tissues. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2017; 3:2644-2656. [PMID: 29152560 PMCID: PMC5686563 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Cells
within cartilaginous tissues are mechanosensitive and thus
require mechanical loading for regulation of tissue homeostasis and
metabolism. Mechanical loading plays critical roles in cell differentiation,
proliferation, biosynthesis, and homeostasis. Inflammation is an important
event occurring during multiple processes, such as aging, injury,
and disease. Inflammation has significant effects on biological processes
as well as mechanical function of cells and tissues. These effects
are highly dependent on cell/tissue type, timing, and magnitude. In
this review, we summarize key findings pertaining to effects of inflammation
on multiscale mechanical properties at subcellular, cellular, and
tissue level in cartilaginous tissues, including alterations in mechanotransduction
and mechanosensitivity. The emphasis is on articular cartilage and
the intervertebral disc, which are impacted by inflammatory insults
during degenerative conditions such as osteoarthritis, joint pain,
and back pain. To recapitulate the pro-inflammatory cascades that
occur in vivo, different inflammatory stimuli have been used for in
vitro and in situ studies, including tumor necrosis factor (TNF),
various interleukins (IL), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Therefore,
this review will focus on the effects of these stimuli because they
are the best studied pro-inflammatory cytokines in cartilaginous tissues.
Understanding the current state of the field of inflammation and cell/tissue
biomechanics may potentially identify future directions for novel
and translational therapeutics with multiscale biomechanical considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q T Nguyen
- Bioengineering-Biomechanics Laboratory The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, New York 11030, United States
| | - T D Jacobsen
- Bioengineering-Biomechanics Laboratory The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, New York 11030, United States.,Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York 11549, United States
| | - N O Chahine
- Bioengineering-Biomechanics Laboratory The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health System, Manhasset, New York 11030, United States.,Hofstra Northwell School of Medicine, Hempstead, New York 11549, United States
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6
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Uchimura T, Foote AT, Smith EL, Matzkin EG, Zeng L. Insulin-Like Growth Factor II (IGF-II) Inhibits IL-1β-Induced Cartilage Matrix Loss and Promotes Cartilage Integrity in Experimental Osteoarthritis. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:2858-69. [PMID: 26015264 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a widespread chronic joint disease characterized by articular cartilage destruction and accompanied by pain and disability. In this study, we found that the expression of Insulin-like Growth Factor II (IGF-II) was reduced in articular cartilage in human OA patients as well as in the murine experimental OA model of destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). In primary human articular chondrocytes, ectopic expression of lentiviral IGF-II inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β-induced NF-κB activation as well as catabolic gene expression. Interestingly, IGF-II did not significantly alter the phosphorylation states of ERK1/2 or Akt, which are kinases typically activated by IGF-I. Instead, it induced the activity of phospholipase C (PLC) and a PLC inhibitor blocked the inhibitory activity of IGF-II against IL-1β, suggesting that this activity is mediated through PLC. Furthermore, IGF-II increased cartilage matrix levels and decreased MMP13 protein expression in explanted human OA cartilage cultures in vitro. In the in vivo DMM model, intraarticular injection of lentiviral IGF-II led to enhanced cartilage matrix levels and decreased MMP13 protein expression, as well as reduced osteophyte formation and subchondral bone sclerosis. Therefore, our results suggest that IGF-II can promote cartilage integrity and halt knee joint destruction in OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Uchimura
- Program in Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111.,Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111
| | - Andrea T Foote
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111
| | - Eric L Smith
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111
| | - Elizabeth G Matzkin
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111
| | - Li Zeng
- Program in Cellular, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111.,Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 02111
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7
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Nims RJ, Durney KM, Cigan AD, Dusséaux A, Hung CT, Ateshian GA. Continuum theory of fibrous tissue damage mechanics using bond kinetics: application to cartilage tissue engineering. Interface Focus 2016; 6:20150063. [PMID: 26855751 DOI: 10.1098/rsfs.2015.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents a damage mechanics framework that employs observable state variables to describe damage in isotropic or anisotropic fibrous tissues. In this mixture theory framework, damage is tracked by the mass fraction of bonds that have broken. Anisotropic damage is subsumed in the assumption that multiple bond species may coexist in a material, each having its own damage behaviour. This approach recovers the classical damage mechanics formulation for isotropic materials, but does not appeal to a tensorial damage measure for anisotropic materials. In contrast with the classical approach, the use of observable state variables for damage allows direct comparison of model predictions to experimental damage measures, such as biochemical assays or Raman spectroscopy. Investigations of damage in discrete fibre distributions demonstrate that the resilience to damage increases with the number of fibre bundles; idealizing fibrous tissues using continuous fibre distribution models precludes the modelling of damage. This damage framework was used to test and validate the hypothesis that growth of cartilage constructs can lead to damage of the synthesized collagen matrix due to excessive swelling caused by synthesized glycosaminoglycans. Therefore, alternative strategies must be implemented in tissue engineering studies to prevent collagen damage during the growth process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Nims
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , 500 West 120th Street, MC4703, New York, NY 10027 , USA
| | - Krista M Durney
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , 500 West 120th Street, MC4703, New York, NY 10027 , USA
| | - Alexander D Cigan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , 500 West 120th Street, MC4703, New York, NY 10027 , USA
| | - Antoine Dusséaux
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , Columbia University , 500 West 120th Street, MC4703, New York, NY 10027 , USA
| | - Clark T Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering , Columbia University , 500 West 120th Street, MC4703, New York, NY 10027 , USA
| | - Gerard A Ateshian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, MC4703, New York, NY 10027, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 West 120th Street, MC4703, New York, NY 10027, USA
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8
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Tan AR, VandenBerg CD, Attur M, Abramson SB, Knight MM, Bulinski JC, Ateshian GA, Cook JL, Hung CT. Cytokine preconditioning of engineered cartilage provides protection against interleukin-1 insult. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:361. [PMID: 26667364 PMCID: PMC4704536 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0876-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During osteoarthritis and following surgical procedures, the environment of the knee is rich in proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-1. Introduction of tissue-engineered cartilage constructs to a chemically harsh milieu may limit the functionality of the implanted tissue over long periods. A chemical preconditioning scheme (application of low doses of IL-1) was tested as a method to prepare developing engineered tissue to withstand exposure to a higher concentration of the cytokine, known to elicit proteolysis as well as rapid degeneration of cartilage. METHODS Using an established juvenile bovine model system, engineered cartilage was preconditioned with low doses of IL-1α (0.1 ng/mL, 0.5 ng/mL, and 1.0 ng/mL) for 7 days before exposure to an insult dose (10 ng/mL). The time frame over which this protection is afforded was investigated by altering the amount of time between preconditioning and insult as well as the time following insult. To explore a potential mechanism for this protection, one set of constructs was preconditioned with CoCl2, a chemical inducer of hypoxia, before exposure to the IL-1α insult. Finally, we examined the translation of this preconditioning method to extend to clinically relevant adult, passaged chondrocytes from a preclinical canine model. RESULTS Low doses of IL-1α (0.1 ng/mL and 0.5 ng/mL) protected against subsequent catabolic degradation by cytokine insult, preserving mechanical stiffness and biochemical composition. Regardless of amount of time between preconditioning scheme and insult, protection was afforded. In a similar manner, preconditioning with CoCl2 similarly allowed for mediation of catabolic damage by IL-1α. The effects of preconditioning on clinically relevant adult, passaged chondrocytes from a preclinical canine model followed the same trends with low-dose IL-1β offering variable protection against insult. CONCLUSIONS Chemical preconditioning schemes have the ability to protect engineered cartilage constructs from IL-1-induced catabolic degradation, offering potential modalities for therapeutic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea R Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Curtis D VandenBerg
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, 1000 10th Avenue, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Mukundan Attur
- New York University Hospital for Joint Disease, 301 E. 17th Street, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Steven B Abramson
- New York University Hospital for Joint Disease, 301 E. 17th Street, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Martin M Knight
- Institute of Bioengineering and School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, London, UK.
| | - J Chloe Bulinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, 1212 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Gerard A Ateshian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, NY, USA.
| | - James L Cook
- Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Missouri, 1100 Virginia Avenue, Columbia, MO, USA.
| | - Clark T Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, USA.
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9
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Hardin JA, Cobelli N, Santambrogio L. Consequences of metabolic and oxidative modifications of cartilage tissue. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2015; 11:521-9. [PMID: 26034834 DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2015.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A hallmark of chronic metabolic diseases, such as diabetes and metabolic syndrome, and oxidative stress, as occurs in chronic inflammatory and degenerative conditions, is the presence of extensive protein post-translational modifications, including glycation, glycoxidation, carbonylation and nitrosylation. These modifications have been detected on structural cartilage proteins in joints and intervertebral discs, where they are known to affect protein folding, induce protein aggregation and, ultimately, generate microanatomical changes in the proteoglycan-collagen network that surrounds chondrocytes. Many of these modifications have also been shown to promote oxidative cleavage as well as enzymatically-mediated matrix degradation. Overall, a general picture starts to emerge indicating that biochemical changes in proteins constitute an early event that compromises the anatomical organization and viscoelasticity of cartilage, thereby affecting its ability to sustain pressure and, ultimately, impeding its overall bio-performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Hardin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Centre, 1250 Waters Place, New York, NY 10467, USA
| | - Neil Cobelli
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Centre, 1250 Waters Place, New York, NY 10467, USA
| | - Laura Santambrogio
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology and Orthopedic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, New York, NY 10461, USA
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10
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Conventional and ultrashort time-to-echo magnetic resonance imaging of articular cartilage, meniscus, and intervertebral disk. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2012; 21:275-89. [PMID: 22129641 DOI: 10.1097/rmr.0b013e31823ccebc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination of musculoskeletal tissues is being performed routinely for diagnoses of injury and diseases. Although conventional MRI using spin echo sequences has been effective, a number of important musculoskeletal soft tissues remain "magnetic resonance-invisible" because of their intrinsically short T2 values resulting in a rapid signal decay. This makes visualization and quantitative characterization difficult. With the advent and refinement of ultrashort time-to-echo (UTE) MRI techniques, it is now possible to directly visualize and quantitatively characterize these tissues. This review explores the anatomy, conventional MRI, and UTE MRI of articular cartilage, meniscus of the knee, and intervertebral disks and provides a survey of magnetic resonance studies used to better understand tissue structure, composition, and function, as well as subtle changes in diseases.
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11
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Wang B, Chen P, Jensen ACB, Karsdal MA, Madsen SH, Sondergaard BC, Zheng Q, Qvist P. Suppression of MMP activity in bovine cartilage explants cultures has little if any effect on the release of aggrecanase-derived aggrecan fragments. BMC Res Notes 2009; 2:259. [PMID: 20021645 PMCID: PMC2803187 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-2-259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 12/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive loss of articular cartilage is a central hallmark in many joint disease, however, the relative importance of individual proteolytic pathways leading to cartilage erosion is at present unknown. We therefore investigated the time-dependant release ex vivo of MMP- and aggrecanase-derived fragments of aggrecan and type II collagen into the supernatant of bovine cartilage explants cultures using neo-epitope specific immunoassays, and to associate the release of these fragments with the activity of proteolytic enzymes using inhibitors. FINDINGS Bovine cartilage explants were cultured in the presence or absence of the catabolic cytokines oncostatin M (OSM) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha). In parallel, explants were co-cultured with protease inhibitors such as GM6001, TIMP1, TIMP2 and TIMP3. Fragments released into the supernatant were determined using a range of neo-epitope specific immunoassays; (1) sandwich (342)FFGVG-G2 ELISA, (2) competition NITEGE(373)ELISA (3) sandwich G1-NITEGE(373 )ELISA (4) competition (374)ARGSV ELISA, and (5) sandwich (374)ARGSV-G2 ELISA all detecting aggrecan fragments, and (6) sandwich CTX-II ELISA, detecting C-telopeptides of type II collagen. We found that (1) aggrecanase-derived aggrecan fragments are released in the early (day 2-7) and mid phase (day 9-14) into the supernatant from bovine explants cultures stimulated with catabolic cytokines, (2) the release of NITEGE(373 )neo-epitopes are delayed compared to the corresponding (374)ARGSV fragments, (3) the MMP inhibitor GM6001 did not reduce the release of aggrecanase-derived fragment, but induced a further delay in the release of these fragments, and finally (4) the MMP-derived aggrecan and type II collagen fragments were released in the late phase (day 16-21) only. CONCLUSION Our data support the model, that aggrecanases and MMPs act independently in the processing of the aggrecan molecules, and furthermore that suppression of MMP-activity had little if any effect on the quantity of aggrecanase-derived fragments released from explants cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijue Wang
- Nordic Bioscience A/S, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, PR China
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12
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Lima EG, Tan AR, Tai T, Bian L, Stoker AM, Ateshian GA, Cook JL, Hung CT. Differences in Interleukin-1 Response Between Engineered and Native Cartilage. Tissue Eng Part A 2008; 14:1721-30. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2007.0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eric G. Lima
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Andrea R. Tan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Timon Tai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Liming Bian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Aaron M. Stoker
- Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Gerard A. Ateshian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - James L. Cook
- Comparative Orthopaedic Laboratory, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Clark T. Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York
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13
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Lima EG, Tan AR, Tai T, Bian L, Ateshian GA, Cook JL, Hung CT. Physiologic deformational loading does not counteract the catabolic effects of interleukin-1 in long-term culture of chondrocyte-seeded agarose constructs. J Biomech 2008; 41:3253-9. [PMID: 18823628 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2008.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 06/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An interplay of mechanical and chemical factors is integral to cartilage maintenance and/or degeneration. Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is a pro-inflammatory cytokine that is present at elevated concentrations in osteoarthritic joints and initiates the rapid degradation of cartilage when cultured in vitro. Several short-term studies have suggested that applied dynamic deformational loading may have a protective effect against the catabolic actions of IL-1. In the current study, we examine whether the long-term (42 days) application of dynamic deformational loading on chondrocyte-seeded agarose constructs can mitigate these catabolic effects. Three studies were carried out using two IL-1 isoforms (IL-1alpha and IL-1beta) in chemically defined medium supplemented with a broad range of cytokine concentrations and durations. Physiologic loading was unable to counteract the long-term catabolic effects of IL-1 under any of the conditions tested, and in some cases led to further degeneration over unloaded controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric G Lima
- Materials Characterization Laboratory, Cooper Union, 51 Astor Place, New York, NY 10003, USA
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14
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Wear-lines and split-lines of human patellar cartilage: relation to tensile biomechanical properties. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2008; 16:841-5. [PMID: 18248747 PMCID: PMC2613195 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2007.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2007] [Accepted: 11/27/2007] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Articular cartilage undergoes age-associated degeneration, resulting in both structural and functional biomechanical changes. At early stages of degeneration, wear-lines develop in the general direction of joint movement. With aging, cartilage exhibits a decrease in tensile modulus. The tensile modulus of cartilage has also been related to the orientation of the collagen network, as revealed by split-lines. OBJECTIVE To determine the relative contribution of wear-line and split-line orientation on the tensile biomechanical properties of human patellar cartilage from different depths. METHODS In human patellar cartilage, wear- and split-lines are aligned parallel to each other at the proximal facet, and perpendicular to each other at the medial facet. Using superficial, middle, and deep cartilage sections from these two sites, tensile samples were prepared in two orthogonal orientations. Thus, for each depth, there were four groups of samples, with their long axes were aligned either parallel or perpendicular to wear-line direction and also aligned parallel or perpendicular to split-line direction. Uniaxial tensile tests were performed to assess equilibrium and ramp moduli. RESULTS Tensile equilibrium moduli varied with wear-line orientation (P<0.05) and depth (P<0.001), in an interactive manner (P<0.05), and tended to vary with split-line orientation (P=0.16). In the superficial layer, equilibrium and ramp modulus were higher when the samples were loaded parallel to wear-lines (P<0.05). CONCLUSION These results indicate that mild wear (i.e., wear-line formation) at the articular surface has deleterious functional effects on articular cartilage and represent an early aging-associated degenerative change. The identification and recognition of functional biomechanical consequences of wear-lines are useful for planning and interpreting tensile biomechanical tests in human articular cartilage.
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Temple MM, Bae WC, Chen MQ, Lotz M, Amiel D, Coutts RD, Sah RL. Age- and site-associated biomechanical weakening of human articular cartilage of the femoral condyle. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2007; 15:1042-52. [PMID: 17468016 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2007.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2006] [Accepted: 03/03/2007] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the time sequence of biochemical and structural events associated with, and hypothesized to underlie, age-associated tensile weakening of macroscopically normal adult human articular cartilage of the knee. METHODS Macroscopically normal human articular cartilage of the lateral and medial femoral condyles (LFC and MFC) from Young (21-39 yrs), Middle (40-59 yrs), and Old (>/=60 yrs) age donors were analyzed for tensile properties, surface wear, and cell and matrix composition. RESULTS Variations in tensile, compositional, and surface structural properties were indicative of early, intermediate, and late stages of age-associated cartilage deterioration, occurring at an earlier age in the MFC than the LFC. Differences between Young and Middle age groups (indicative of early-to-intermediate stage changes) included decreased mechanical function in the superficial zone, with a loss of (or low) tensile integrity, and surface wear, with faint striations and mild staining on the articular surface after application of India ink. Differences between Middle and Old age groups (indicative of intermediate-to-late stage changes) included maintenance of moderate level biomechanical function, a decrease in cellularity, and a decrease in matrix glycosaminoglycan content. Tissue fluorescence increased steadily with age. CONCLUSIONS Many of these age-associated differences are identical to those regarded as pathological features of cartilage degeneration in early osteoarthritis. These findings provide evidence for the roles of mechanical wear, cell death, and enzymatic degradation in mediating the progression through successive and distinguishable stages of early cartilage deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Temple
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0412, USA
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16
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Ahmad R, Sylvester J, Zafarullah M. MyD88, IRAK1 and TRAF6 knockdown in human chondrocytes inhibits interleukin-1-induced matrix metalloproteinase-13 gene expression and promoter activity by impairing MAP kinase activation. Cell Signal 2007; 19:2549-57. [PMID: 17905570 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2007.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 08/06/2007] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-1 (IL-1) is the major prototypic proinflammatory cytokine that stimulates degradation of cartilage in arthritis by inducing prominent collagen II-degrading matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13). Nothing is known about the involvement of adaptor proteins, MyD88, IRAK1 and TRAF6 in MMP-13 regulation. Here we investigated for the first time the role of these proteins in IL-1-regulated MMP-13 expression in chondrocytes. MyD88 homodimerization inhibitory peptide diminished the expression of MMP-13 gene, promoter activity, phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), c-Jun and activating protein 1 (AP-1) activity. Knockdown of MyD88, IRAK1 and TRAF6 by RNA interference (RNAi) drastically down-regulated the expression of IL-1-induced MMP-13 mRNA and protein levels and MMP-13 promoter-driven luciferase activity. Non-specific control siRNA had no effect. Mechanisms of MMP-13 inhibition involved reduced phosphorylation of ERK, p38, JNK and c-Jun as well as AP-1 transcription factor binding activity. The genetic evidence presented here demonstrates that MyD88, IRAK1 and TRAF6 proteins are crucial early mediators for the IL-1-induced MMP-13 regulation through MAPK pathways and AP-1 activity. These proteins could constitute important therapeutic targets for arthritis-associated cartilage loss by MMP-13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasheed Ahmad
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal and Research Centre of CHUM Notre-Dame Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H2L 4M1
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