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Darvish Z, Kheder RK, Faraj TA, Najmaldin SK, Mollazadeh S, Nosratabadi R, Esmaeili SA. A better understanding of the role of the CTLA-CD80/86 axis in the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3895. [PMID: 38050849 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are diseases in which the regulatory mechanisms of the immune response are disturbed. As a result, the body loses self-tolerance. Since one of the main regulatory mechanisms of the immune response is the CTLA4-CD80/86 axis, this hypothesis suggests that autoimmune diseases potentially share a similar molecular basis of pathogenesis. Hence, investigating the CTLA4-CD80/86 axis may be helpful in finding an appropriate treatment strategy. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the molecular basis of the CTLA4-CD80/86 axis in the regulation of the immune response, and then its role in developing some autoimmune diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes, and multiple sclerosis. As well, the main therapeutic strategies affecting the CTLA4-CD80/86 axis have been summarized to highlight the importance of this axis in management of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Darvish
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ramiar Kamal Kheder
- Medical Laboratory Science Department, College of Science, University of Raparin, Rania, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
| | - Tola Abdulsattar Faraj
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Medicine, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Soran K Najmaldin
- Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Samaneh Mollazadeh
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center٫ North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Reza Nosratabadi
- Department of Medical Immunology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Bansode ND, Madhanagopal B, Sonar MV, Ganesh KN. Stereodependent and solvent-specific formation of unusual β-structure through side chain-backbone H-bonding in C4(S)-(NH2/OH/NHCHO)-L-prolyl polypeptides. Biopolymers 2017; 108. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.22981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nitin D. Bansode
- Chemical Biology Unit, Chemistry Discipline, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan, Pune 411008
| | - B. Madhanagopal
- Chemical Biology Unit, Chemistry Discipline, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan, Pune 411008
| | - Mahesh V. Sonar
- Chemical Biology Unit, Chemistry Discipline, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan, Pune 411008
| | - Krishna N. Ganesh
- Chemical Biology Unit, Chemistry Discipline, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research; Dr. Homi Bhabha Road Pashan, Pune 411008
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Circulating IL-27 Is Elevated in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21111565. [PMID: 27869736 PMCID: PMC6273926 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21111565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are key immunoregulatory molecules that regulate T lymphocyte-mediated immune responses and inflammatory reactions. We determined whether there is aberrant expression of interleukin-27 (IL-27) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and investigated the clinical significance of these changes. IL-27 is a key cellular factor that regulates the differentiation of CD4+ T cells, which can secrete interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) in vivo. Concentrations of serum IL-27 in 67 RA patients, and 36 sex- and age-matched control subjects were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results showed that concentrations of serum IL-27 in all RA patients were significantly higher than in healthy control subjects, and there was a significant and positive correlation between serum IL-27 levels and disease activity in all RA patients. Levels of serum IL-27 in RA patients were significantly correlated with disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28). Moreover, immunosuppressive treatment with leflunomide downregulated the levels of IL-27 in active RA patients. Therefore, the elevated production of circulating T cell inflammatory factors contributes to the pathogenesis of RA, and serum IL-27 could potentially serve as a new biomarker of RA disease activity.
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Gokhale AS, Satyanarayanajois S. Peptides and peptidomimetics as immunomodulators. Immunotherapy 2015; 6:755-74. [PMID: 25186605 DOI: 10.2217/imt.14.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides and peptidomimetics can function as immunomodulating agents by either blocking the immune response or stimulating the immune response to generate tolerance. Knowledge of B- or T-cell epitopes along with conformational constraints is important in the design of peptide-based immunomodulating agents. Work on the conformational aspects of peptides, synthesis and modified amino acid side chains have contributed to the development of a new generation of therapeutic agents for autoimmune diseases and cancer. The design of peptides/peptidomimetics for immunomodulation in autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus and HIV infection is reviewed. In cancer therapy, peptide epitopes are used in such a way that the body is trained to recognize and fight the cancer cells locally as well as systemically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameya S Gokhale
- Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA
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Wang D, Yuan F, Wang L, Wei W. Paeoniflorin inhibits function and down-regulates HLA-DR and CD80 expression of human peripheral blood monocytes stimulated by RhIL-1β. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 14:172-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Cao J, Zou L, Luo P, Chen P, Zhang L. Increased production of circulating soluble co-stimulatory molecules CTLA-4, CD28 and CD80 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Int Immunopharmacol 2012; 14:585-92. [PMID: 22917707 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 07/30/2012] [Accepted: 08/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Co-stimulatory molecules are key immunoregulatory mediators in regulating T lymphocyte-mediated immune responses and inflammatory reactions. Here we investigated whether there is altered expression and the clinical significance of circulating soluble co-stimulatory molecules in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. Serum concentrations of sCTLA-4, sCD28, sCD80 and sCD86 in 56 RA patients, and 32 sex- and age-matched control subjects were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results showed that serum sCTLA-4, sCD28, and CD80 but not CD86 concentrations in all RA patients were significantly higher than concentrations in healthy control subjects. And there was significant and positive correlation between serum CTLA-4 and sCD28, sCD28 and sCD80, or sCTLA-4 and sCD80 in all RA patients. Serum sCTLA-4 concentration in all RA patients correlated significantly with disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28). Moreover, immunosuppressant treatment with leflunomide could downregulate the increased levels of sCTLA-4, sCD28, and CD80 in RA patients. Therefore, the elevated production of circulating soluble T-cell co-stimulatory molecules should contribute to the pathogenesis of RA, and serum sCTLA-4 could potentially serve as a new marker of RA disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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Srinivasan M, Dunker AK. Proline rich motifs as drug targets in immune mediated disorders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEPTIDES 2012; 2012:634769. [PMID: 22666276 PMCID: PMC3362030 DOI: 10.1155/2012/634769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The current version of the human immunome network consists of nearly 1400 interactions involving approximately 600 proteins. Intermolecular interactions mediated by proline-rich motifs (PRMs) are observed in many facets of the immune response. The proline-rich regions are known to preferentially adopt a polyproline type II helical conformation, an extended structure that facilitates transient intermolecular interactions such as signal transduction, antigen recognition, cell-cell communication and cytoskeletal organization. The propensity of both the side chain and the backbone carbonyls of the polyproline type II helix to participate in the interface interaction makes it an excellent recognition motif. An advantage of such distinct chemical features is that the interactions can be discriminatory even in the absence of high affinities. Indeed, the immune response is mediated by well-orchestrated low-affinity short-duration intermolecular interactions. The proline-rich regions are predominantly localized in the solvent-exposed regions such as the loops, intrinsically disordered regions, or between domains that constitute the intermolecular interface. Peptide mimics of the PRM have been suggested as potential antagonists of intermolecular interactions. In this paper, we discuss novel PRM-mediated interactions in the human immunome that potentially serve as attractive targets for immunomodulation and drug development for inflammatory and autoimmune pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mythily Srinivasan
- Department of Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis 1121 West Michigan Street, DS290, Indianapolis, IN 46268, USA
| | - A. Keith Dunker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and School of Informatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Zhou CL, Lu R, Lin G, Yao Z. The latest developments in synthetic peptides with immunoregulatory activities. Peptides 2011; 32:408-14. [PMID: 20979984 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2009] [Revised: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In the past few years, many researches have provided us with much data demonstrating the abilities of synthetic peptides to impact immune response in vitro and in vivo. These peptides were designed according to the structure of some important protein molecules which play a key role in immune response, so they act with specific targets. The class I and II MHC-derived peptides inhibit the TCR recognition of antigen peptide-MHC complex. Rationally designed CD80 and CD154-binding peptides block the interaction between cell surface costimulatory molecules on antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and T cells. Some peptides were designed to inhibit the activities of cell signal proteins, including JNK, NF-κB and NFAT. Some peptide antagonists competitively bind to important cytokines and inhibit their activities, such as TNF-α, TGF-β and IL-1β inhibitory peptides. Adhesion molecule ICAM-1 derived peptides block the T cell adhesion and activation. These immunoregulatory peptides showed therapeutic effect in several animal models, including collagen-induced arthritis (CIA), autoimmune cystitis model, murine skin transplant model and cardiac allograft model. These results give us important implications for the development of a novel therapy for immune mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-lei Zhou
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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Satyanarayanajois SD, Büyüktimkin B, Gokhale A, Ronald S, Siahaan TJ, Latendresse JR. A peptide from the beta-strand region of CD2 protein that inhibits cell adhesion and suppresses arthritis in a mouse model. Chem Biol Drug Des 2010; 76:234-44. [PMID: 20572813 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2010.01001.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion molecules play a central role at every step of the immune response. The function of leukocytes can be regulated by modulating adhesion interactions between cell adhesion molecules to develop therapeutic agents against autoimmune diseases. Among the different cell adhesion molecules that participate in the immunologic response, CD2 and its ligand CD58 (LFA-3) are two of the best-characterized adhesion molecules mediating the immune response. To modulate the cell adhesion interaction, peptides were designed from the discontinuous epitopes of the beta-strand region of CD2 protein. The two strands were linked by a peptide bond. beta-Strands in the peptides were nucleated by inserting a beta-sheet-inducing Pro-Gly sequence with key amino acid sequences from CD2 protein that binds to CD58. Using a fluorescence assay, peptides that exhibited potential inhibitory activity in cell adhesion were evaluated for their ability to bind to CD58 protein. A model for peptide binding to CD58 protein was proposed based on docking studies. Administration of one of the peptides, P3 in collagen-induced arthritis in the mouse model, indicated that peptide P3 was able to suppress rheumatoid arthritis in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seetharama D Satyanarayanajois
- Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Louisiana at Monroe, Monroe, LA 71201, USA.
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Srinivasan M, Summerlin DJ. Modulation of the colonic epithelial cell responses and amelioration of inflammation by CD80 blockade in TNBS colitis. Clin Immunol 2009; 133:411-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2009.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2008] [Revised: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Dudhgaonkar SP, Janardhanam SB, Kodumudi KN, Srinivasan M. CD80 blockade enhance glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper expression and suppress experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:7505-13. [PMID: 19917693 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0902056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Designing mimetic of the interface functional groups of known receptor-ligand complexes is an attractive strategy for developing potential therapeutic agents that interfere with target protein-protein interactions. The CD80/CD86-CD28/CD152 costimulatory interactions transmit signals for CD4(+) T cell activation and suppression and are critically involved in the initiation, progression, and reactivation of the immunopathology in multiple sclerosis. Differences in the pattern, levels, and kinetics of expression of CD80/CD86 molecules in conjunction with differences in the strength of the signals delivered upon binding CD28 or CD152 determine the outcome of the immune response. A temporal up-regulation of surface expression of CD80 relative to CD86 on APCs and CNS-infiltrating cells has been shown to correlate with disease progression in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis an animal model for multiple sclerosis. Hence blockade of the CD80 costimulatory axis has therapeutic potential in multiple sclerosis. In this study, we report the efficacy of a novel CD80-blocking agent CD80-competitive antagonist peptide (CD80-CAP) in suppressing clinical disease and relapse in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. The CD80-CAP mediates protection by inhibiting proinflammatory cytokines and skewing toward anti-inflammatory response presumably by enhancing the expression of glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper in activated CD4(+) T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh P Dudhgaonkar
- Department of Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology, School of Dentistry, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Haanstra KG, Endell J, Estévâo D, Kondova I, Jonker M. Blocking T cell co-stimulation using a CD80 blocking small molecule reduces delayed type hypersensitivity responses in rhesus monkeys. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 158:91-8. [PMID: 19737235 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.03994.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Blockade of co-stimulation signals between T cells and antigen-presenting cells could be an important approach for treatment of autoimmune diseases and transplant rejection. Recently a series of small compound inhibitors which bind human CD80 (B7-1) and inhibit T cell co-stimulation has been described. To investigate their potency for clinical use, one of these compounds, RhuDex, was evaluated for reactivity with rhesus monkey CD80. The in vitro biological effect on rhesus monkey lymphocytes, the potency for suppression of an inflammatory recall response and the protein-induced delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) response in the skin were studied. In a rhesus monkey T cell co-stimulation assay RhuDex inhibited proinflammatory cytokine release and cellular proliferation with micromolar potency. Systemic administration of RhuDex to rhesus monkeys inhibited the DTH response significantly, indicating that this compound may inhibit autoimmune mediated inflammatory processes where the target, CD80, is up-regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- K G Haanstra
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands.
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Eri R, Kodumudi KN, Summerlin DJ, Srinivasan M. Suppression of colon inflammation by CD80 blockade: evaluation in two murine models of inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008; 14:458-70. [PMID: 18186109 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.20344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic condition mediated by aberrant immune responses to the luminal antigens by activated CD4+ T cells. The CD80/CD86:CD28/CD152 costimulatory pathways transmit signals critical for T cell activation and suppression. Macrophages and epithelial cells are the chief antigen-presenting cells in the gut. Macrophages from the IBD colon express significantly elevated levels of CD80 and CD86 costimulatory molecules. The CD28-CD80 interaction primarily participates in breaking the tolerance and inducing the immune response in murine models of colitis. Blockade of CD80-costimulatory axis is an attractive strategy in the treatment of IBD. METHODS Incorporating the structural information of the CD80:CD152 complex together with the preferences of interface residues to form polyproline type II helix, we designed novel peptide agents that selectively blocked CD80 receptor interactions. RESULTS Administration of CD80 blocking agent at the time of adoptive transfer prevented the SCID mice from CD4+CD45Rb(high) T-cell mediated colitis. Significantly, CD80-CAP (competitive antagonist peptide) treatment suppressed established inflammation in TNBS-induced colitis, a model for Th1-mediated Crohn's disease. The colons of the mice receiving the CD80 blocking agent appeared unaffected macroscopically and exhibited negligible microscopic inflammation. The CD80-CAP treatment was associated with significantly reduced Th1 cytokines in the colon. CONCLUSIONS The CD80 blocking peptide appeared to mediate protection against colitis by inducing Th2 skewing of the cytokine response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaraman Eri
- Department of Oral Pathology, Medicine and Radiology, School of Dentistry, Indiana University Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA
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