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Muhlisah A, Hirooka K, Nurtania A, Onoe H, Okumichi H, Nitta E, Baba T, Tanito M, Matsuoka Y, Nakakura S, Kiuchi Y. Effect of ripasudil after trabeculectomy with mitomycin C: a multicentre, randomised, prospective clinical study. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2024; 9:e001449. [PMID: 38960415 PMCID: PMC11227813 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate if there are improvements in trabeculectomy outcomes supporting filtration bleb formation caused by Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitors. METHODS This prospective, multicentre, randomised, open-label clinical study examined open-angle glaucoma patients who underwent trabeculectomy or trabeculectomy combined with cataract surgery followed by 3-month postoperative ripasudil treatments. After randomly allocating patients to ripasudil-ROCK inhibitor (ripasudil) or without ripasudil (non-ripasudil) groups. Mean intraocular pressure (IOP) changes, success rate, and number of eyedrops were compared for both groups. RESULTS A total of 17 and 15 subjects dropped out in the ripasudil group and non-ripasudil group, respectively. At baseline, the mean IOP was 16.8±5.0 mm Hg in the ripasudil group (38 patients) and 16.2±4.4 in the non-ripasudil group (52 patients). The IOP decreased to 11.4±3.2 mm Hg, 10.9±3.9 mm Hg and 10.6±3.5 mm Hg at 12, 24 and 36 months in the ripasudil group, while it decreased to 11.2±4.1 mm Hg, 10.5±3.1 mm Hg and 10.9±3.2 mm Hg at 12, 24 and 36 months in the non-ripasudil group, respectively. There was a significant decrease in the number of IOP-lowering medications after trabeculectomy in the ripasudil group versus the non-ripasudil group at 24 (p=0.010) and 36 months (p=0.016). There was no statistically significant difference between the groups for the 3-year cumulative probability of success. CONCLUSION Although ripasudil application did not increase the primary trabeculectomy success rate, it did reduce IOP-lowering medications after trabeculectomy with mitomycin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisyah Muhlisah
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Hiroshima University Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Hirooka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Hiroshima University Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Ariyanie Nurtania
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Hiroshima University Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Onoe
- Hiroshima University Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hideaki Okumichi
- Ophthalmology, Hiroshima University Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Eri Nitta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kagawa University Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Baba
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shirai Eye Hospital, Mitoyo, Japan
| | - Masaki Tanito
- Shimane University Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine Department of Ophthalmology, Izumo, Shimane, Japan
| | - Yotaro Matsuoka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Matsue Red Cross Hospital, Matsue, Japan
| | | | - Yoshiaki Kiuchi
- Ophthalmology, Hiroshima University Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Hiroshima, Japan
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Trinh-Minh T, Chen CW, Tran Manh C, Li YN, Zhu H, Zhou X, Chakraborty D, Zhang Y, Rauber S, Dees C, Lin NY, Kah D, Gerum R, Bergmann C, Kreuter A, Reuter C, Groeber-Becker F, Eckes B, Distler O, Fabry B, Ramming A, Schambony A, Schett G, Distler JH. Noncanonical WNT5A controls the activation of latent TGF-β to drive fibroblast activation and tissue fibrosis. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e159884. [PMID: 38747285 PMCID: PMC11093613 DOI: 10.1172/jci159884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signaling is a core pathway of fibrosis, but the molecular regulation of the activation of latent TGF-β remains incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate a crucial role of WNT5A/JNK/ROCK signaling that rapidly coordinates the activation of latent TGF-β in fibrotic diseases. WNT5A was identified as a predominant noncanonical WNT ligand in fibrotic diseases such as systemic sclerosis, sclerodermatous chronic graft-versus-host disease, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, stimulating fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition and tissue fibrosis by activation of latent TGF-β. The activation of latent TGF-β requires rapid JNK- and ROCK-dependent cytoskeletal rearrangements and integrin αV (ITGAV). Conditional ablation of WNT5A or its downstream targets prevented activation of latent TGF-β, rebalanced TGF-β signaling, and ameliorated experimental fibrosis. We thus uncovered what we believe to be a novel mechanism for the aberrant activation of latent TGF-β in fibrotic diseases and provided evidence for targeting WNT5A/JNK/ROCK signaling in fibrotic diseases as a new therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuong Trinh-Minh
- Department of Rheumatology and
- Hiller Research Center, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, North-Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Chih-Wei Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
- German Center for Immunotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Cuong Tran Manh
- Department of Rheumatology and
- Hiller Research Center, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, North-Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Yi-Nan Li
- Department of Rheumatology and
- Hiller Research Center, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, North-Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Honglin Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
- German Center for Immunotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and
- Hiller Research Center, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, North-Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Debomita Chakraborty
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
- German Center for Immunotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Yun Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and
- Hiller Research Center, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, North-Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Simon Rauber
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
- German Center for Immunotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Clara Dees
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
- German Center for Immunotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Neng-Yu Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
- German Center for Immunotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Delf Kah
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Richard Gerum
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Christina Bergmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
- German Center for Immunotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Alexander Kreuter
- Clinic for Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, HELIOS St. Elisabeth Clinic Oberhausen, North-Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Christiane Reuter
- Translational Center for Regenerative Therapies, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC) Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Florian Groeber-Becker
- Translational Center for Regenerative Therapies, Fraunhofer Institute for Silicate Research (ISC) Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Beate Eckes
- Translational Matrix Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, North-Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, North-Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Oliver Distler
- Rheumaklinik, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ben Fabry
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Andreas Ramming
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
- German Center for Immunotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Alexandra Schambony
- Division of Developmental Biology, Biology Department, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 – Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
- German Center for Immunotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU) and University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Jörg H.W. Distler
- Department of Rheumatology and
- Hiller Research Center, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, North-Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
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3
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Mizuno Y, Komatsu K, Tokumo K, Okada N, Onoe H, Okumichi H, Hirooka K, Aoki G, Miura Y, Kiuchi Y. Safety and Efficacy of the Rho-Kinase Inhibitor (Ripasudil) in Bleb Needling after Trabeculectomy: A Prospective Multicenter Study. J Clin Med 2023; 13:75. [PMID: 38202082 PMCID: PMC10780264 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Ripasudil, a rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor ophthalmic solution, shows a protective effect in preventing excessive scarring in vitro. This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ripasudil for glaucoma patients submitted to the needling procedure. In this prospective, multicenter, single-arm study, we included 20 eyes of 20 patients with glaucoma who underwent the needling procedure without antimetabolites. All patients administered ripasudil after needling for three months. The primary endpoint of this study was the safety of ripasudil in patients, and the secondary endpoint was the change in IOP at 12 weeks after the needling procedure. No serious complications were found in the patients. One eye experienced pruritus and conjunctival follicle, while another eye had conjunctival follicle. These complications were transient and resolved quickly after discontinuation of ripasudil. The mean preoperative IOP was 14.6 ± 4.6 mmHg, which decreased to 11.0 ± 4.7 mmHg (p = 0.0062) at 1 week postoperatively. The IOP reduction effect continued to 12 weeks (11.8 ± 3.1 mmHg; p = 0.0448). The administration of the ROCK inhibitor, ripasudil, after the needling procedure is safe and effective in maintaining IOP for 12 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mizuno
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kaori Komatsu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kana Tokumo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Naoki Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Onoe
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hideaki Okumichi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Hirooka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Gaku Aoki
- Department of Biostatistics, Clinical Research Center, Hiroshima University Hospital, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yukiko Miura
- Hiroshima Eye Clinic, 13-4, Noborimachi Nakaku, Hiroshima 730-0016, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kiuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minamiku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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4
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Farina N, Campochiaro C, Lescoat A, Benanti G, De Luca G, Khanna D, Dagna L, Matucci-Cerinic M. Drug development and novel therapeutics to ensure a personalized approach in the treatment of systemic sclerosis. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2023; 19:1131-1142. [PMID: 37366065 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2023.2230370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic disease encompassing autoimmunity, vasculopathy, and fibrosis. SSc is still burdened by high mortality and morbidity rates. Recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of SSc have identified novel potential therapeutic targets. Several clinical trials have been subsequently designed to evaluate the efficacy of a number of new drugs. The aim of this review is to provide clinicians with useful information about these novel molecules. AREA COVERED In this narrative review, we summarize the available evidence regarding the most promising targeted therapies currently under investigation for the treatment of SSc. These medications include kinase inhibitors, B-cell depleting agents, and interleukin inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION Over the next five years, several new, targeted drugs will be introduced in clinical practice for the treatment of SSc. Such pharmacological agents will expand the existing pharmacopoeia and enable a more personalized and effective approach to patients with SSc. Thus, it will not only possible to target a specific disease domain, but also different stages of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Farina
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - C Campochiaro
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - A Lescoat
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - G Benanti
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - G De Luca
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - D Khanna
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA
| | - L Dagna
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
| | - M Matucci-Cerinic
- Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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5
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Dolivo DM, Reed CR, Gargiulo KA, Rodrigues AE, Galiano RD, Mustoe TA, Hong SJ. Anti-fibrotic effects of statin drugs: a review of evidence and mechanisms. Biochem Pharmacol 2023:115644. [PMID: 37321414 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pathological repair process common among organs, that responds to damage by replacement of tissue with non-functional connective tissue. Despite the widespread prevalence of tissue fibrosis, manifesting in numerous disease states across myriad organs, therapeutic modalities to prevent or alleviate fibrosis are severely lacking in quantity and efficacy. Alongside development of new drugs, repurposing of existing drugs may be a complementary strategy to elect anti-fibrotic compounds for pharmacologic treatment of tissue fibrosis. Drug repurposing can provide key advantages to de novo drug discovery, harnessing the benefits of previously elucidated mechanisms of action and already existing pharmacokinetic profiles. One class of drugs a wealth of clinical data and extensively studied safety profiles is the statins, a class of antilipidemic drugs widely prescribed for hypercholesterolemia. In addition to these widely utilized lipid-lowering effects, increasing data from cellular, pre-clinical mammalian, and clinical human studies have also demonstrated that statins are able to alleviate tissue fibrosis originating from a variety of pathological insults via lesser-studied, pleiotropic effects of these drugs. Here we review literature demonstrating evidence for direct effects of statins antagonistic to fibrosis, as well as much of the available mechanistic data underlying these effects. A more complete understanding of the anti-fibrotic effects of statins may enable a clearer picture of their anti-fibrotic potential for various clinical indications. Additionally, more lucid comprehension of the mechanisms by which statins exert anti-fibrotic effects may aid in development of novel therapeutic agents that target similar pathways but with greater specificity or efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- David M Dolivo
- Department of Surgery-Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Charlotte R Reed
- Department of Surgery-Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States
| | - Kristine A Gargiulo
- Department of Surgery-Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States
| | - Adrian E Rodrigues
- Department of Surgery-Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States
| | - Robert D Galiano
- Department of Surgery-Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States
| | - Thomas A Mustoe
- Department of Surgery-Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States
| | - Seok Jong Hong
- Department of Surgery-Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, United States.
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6
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Mizuno Y, Komatsu K, Tokumo K, Okada N, Onoe H, Okumichi H, Hirooka K, Miura Y, Kiuchi Y. A multicenter phase II study on the safety of rho-kinase inhibitor (ripasudil) with needling for the patients after trabeculectomy. Contemp Clin Trials Commun 2023; 33:101160. [PMID: 37333977 PMCID: PMC10272279 DOI: 10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is no established method of maintaining or reducing intra ocular pressure after the needling procedure for failing blebs post trabeculectomy. Regarding newer antihypertensive medications, ripasudil, which is a rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor ophthalmic solution, was able to prevent excessive scarring in vitro. This study aims to evaluate the safety of glaucoma patients submitted to the needling procedure and administered ripasudil for preventing scarring after the procedure. We also investigate the efficacy of ripasudil after needling for bleb failure through suppression of fibrosis to the bleb. Methods This study is a multicenter, open-label, single-arm, phase II trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of ripasudil in glaucoma patients after the needling procedure. Forty patients who will undergo needling at least 3 months after trabeculectomy will be recruited in Hiroshima university hospital and Hiroshima eye clinic. All the patients will instill ripasudil two times per day for three months after the needling procedure. The primary endpoint is the safety of ripasudil. Conclusions We plan to establish the safety of ripasudil and to collect information involving the efficacy of ripasudil widely in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mizuno
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minamiku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kaori Komatsu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minamiku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kana Tokumo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minamiku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Naoki Okada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minamiku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Onoe
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minamiku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hideaki Okumichi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minamiku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Hirooka
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minamiku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yukiko Miura
- Hiroshima Eye Clinic, 13-4, Noborimachi Nakaku, Hiroshima, 730-0016, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Kiuchi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minamiku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
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7
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Peng B, Hu Q, He R, Hou H, Lian D, Chen Y, Li H, Song L, Gao Y, Chen T, Zhang G, Li J. Baicalein alleviates fibrosis and inflammation in systemic sclerosis by regulating B-cell abnormalities. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:62. [PMID: 36810081 PMCID: PMC9942410 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03885-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic sclerosis (SSc; also known as "scleroderma") is an autoimmune disorder characterized by extensive fibrosis, vascular changes, and immunologic dysregulation. Baicalein (phenolic flavonoid derived from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi) has been used to treat the pathological processes of various fibrotic and inflammatory diseases. In this study, we investigated the effect of baicalein on the major pathologic characteristics of SSc: fibrosis, B-cell abnormalities, and inflammation. METHODS The effect of baicalein on collagen accumulation and expression of fibrogenic markers in human dermal fibroblasts were analyzed. SSc mice were produced by injecting bleomycin and treated with baicalein (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg). The antifibrotic features of baicalein and its mechanisms were investigated by histologic examination, hydroxyproline assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting and flow cytometry. RESULTS Baicalein (5-120 μM) significantly inhibited the accumulation of the extracellular matrix and fibroblast activation in transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1- and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF)-induced human dermal fibroblasts, as evidenced by abrogated deposition of total collagen, decreased secretion of soluble collagen, reduced collagen contraction capability and downregulation of various fibrogenesis molecules. In a bleomycin-induced model of dermal fibrosis in mice, baicalein (25-100 mg/kg) restored dermal architecture, ameliorated inflammatory infiltrates, and attenuated dermal thickness and collagen accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. According to flow cytometry, baicalein reduced the proportion of B cells (B220+ lymphocytes) and increased the proportion of memory B cells (B220+CD27+ lymphocytes) in the spleens of bleomycin-induced mice. Baicalein treatment potently attenuated serum levels of cytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17A, tumor necrosis factor-α), chemokines (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, macrophage inflammatory protein-1 beta) and autoantibodies (anti-scleroderma 70 (Scl-70), anti-polymyositis-scleroderma (PM-Scl), anti-centromeres, anti-double stranded DNA (dsDNA). In addition, baicalein treatment can significantly inhibit the activation of TGF-β1 signaling in dermal fibroblasts and bleomycin-induce mice of SSc, evidenced by reducing the expression of TGF-β1 and IL-11, as well as inhibiting both small mother against decapentaplegic homolog 3 (SMAD3) and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) activation. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that baicalein has therapeutic potential against SSc, exerting modulating B-cell abnormalities, anti-inflammatory effects, and antifibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qin Hu
- grid.28703.3e0000 0000 9040 3743College of Life Sciences and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100024 People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong He
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongping Hou
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongyin Lian
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Chen
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 People’s Republic of China
| | - Han Li
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ling Song
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunhang Gao
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 People’s Republic of China
| | - Tengfei Chen
- grid.506261.60000 0001 0706 7839Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 People’s Republic of China
| | - Guangping Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jianrong Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Mizuno Y, Okada N, Onoe H, Tokumo K, Okumichi H, Hirooka K, Kiuchi Y. Effect of the rho-kinase inhibitor ripasudil in needling with mitomycin C for the failure of filtering bleb after trabeculectomy: a cross-sectional study. BMC Ophthalmol 2022; 22:433. [PMID: 36376831 PMCID: PMC9664808 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-022-02680-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Rho-kinase inhibitors can inhibit fibrosis after glaucoma surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of rho-kinase inhibitor after needling procedure with mitomycin C for the failure of filtering bleb with trabeculectomy.
Methods
This retrospective single-center study examined the effects of rho-kinase inhibitor after the needling procedure. We included 27 eyes of 27 patients with glaucoma who underwent needling procedure using mitomycin C and were subsequently treated with ripasudil—a rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor (ripasudil group)—or without ripasudil (control group). The ripasudil and control groups were compared in terms of intraocular pressure (IOP) and the number of antiglaucoma medications. Success at 12 months after the needling procedure was defined as a > 20% decrease in IOP from the preoperative period without surgical reintervention.
Results
At 12 months after the needling procedure, the mean IOP decreased from 16.9 ± 4.5 to 12.6 ± 1.1 mmHg in the control group and from 16.0 ± 5.3 to 12.2 ± 1.2 mmHg in the ripasudil group (p = 0.77). The 12-month success rates were 60.00% and 56.25% in the control and ripasudil groups (p = 0.98), respectively. In the preoperative period, the numbers of antiglaucoma drugs were 0.27 ± 0.46 and 0.92 ± 0.91 in the control and ripasudil groups (p = 0.022), respectively, and at 12 months after the needling procedure, they were 1.07 ± 1.44 and 0.73 ± 1.10 (p = 0.52), respectively.
Conclusions
Treatment with ripasudil (a rho-associated protein kinase inhibitor) after the needling procedure with mitomycin C did not show better results than treatment with the mitomycin C needling procedure alone at 12 months after the procedure.
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9
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Corano Scheri K, Liang X, Dalal V, Le Poole IC, Varga J, Hayashida T. SARA suppresses myofibroblast precursor transdifferentiation in fibrogenesis in a mouse model of scleroderma. JCI Insight 2022; 7:160977. [PMID: 36136606 PMCID: PMC9675568 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.160977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that Smad anchor for receptor activation (SARA) plays a critical role in maintaining epithelial cell phenotype. Here, we show that SARA suppressed myofibroblast precursor transdifferentiation in a mouse model of scleroderma. Mice overexpressing SARA specifically in PDGFR-β+ pericytes and pan-leukocytes (SARATg) developed significantly less skin fibrosis in response to bleomycin injection compared with wild-type littermates (SARAWT). Single-cell RNA-Seq analysis of skin PDGFR-β+ cells implicated pericyte subsets assuming myofibroblast characteristics under fibrotic stimuli, and SARA overexpression blocked the transition. In addition, a cluster that expresses molecules associated with Th2 cells and macrophage activation was enriched in SARAWT mice, but not in SARATg mice, after bleomycin treatment. Th2-specific Il-31 expression was increased in skin of the bleomycin-treated SARAWT mice and patients with scleroderma (or systemic sclerosis, SSc). Receptor-ligand analyses indicated that lymphocytes mediated pericyte transdifferentiation in SARAWT mice, while with SARA overexpression the myofibroblast activity of pericytes was suppressed. Together, these data suggest a potentially novel crosstalk between myofibroblast precursors and immune cells in the pathogenesis of SSc, in which SARA plays a critical role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Corano Scheri
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Pediatric Nephrology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Liang
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Vidhi Dalal
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Pediatric Nephrology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - I. Caroline Le Poole
- Departments of Dermatology and Microbiology and Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - John Varga
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Tomoko Hayashida
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Pediatric Nephrology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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10
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Kletukhina S, Mutallapova G, Titova A, Gomzikova M. Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Extracellular Vesicles in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911212. [PMID: 36232511 PMCID: PMC9569825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive interstitial fibrotic disease that leads to disability and death within 5 years of diagnosis. Pulmonary fibrosis is a disease with a multifactorial etiology. The concept of aberrant regeneration of the pulmonary epithelium reveals the pathogenesis of IPF, according to which repeated damage and death of alveolar epithelial cells is the main mechanism leading to the development of progressive IPF. Cell death provokes the migration, proliferation and activation of fibroblasts, which overproduce extracellular matrix, resulting in fibrotic deformity of the lung tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are promising therapies for pulmonary fibrosis. MSCs, and EVs derived from MSCs, modulate the activity of immune cells, inhibit the expression of profibrotic genes, reduce collagen deposition and promote the repair of damaged lung tissue. This review considers the molecular mechanisms of the development of IPF and the multifaceted role of MSCs in the therapy of IPF. Currently, EVs-MSCs are regarded as a promising cell-free therapy tool, so in this review we discuss the results available to date of the use of EVs-MSCs for lung tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevindzh Kletukhina
- Laboratory of Intercellular Communication, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Guzel Mutallapova
- Laboratory of Intercellular Communication, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Angelina Titova
- Morphology and General Pathology Department, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
| | - Marina Gomzikova
- Laboratory of Intercellular Communication, Kazan Federal University, 420008 Kazan, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-917-8572269
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11
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Bachmann JC, Baumgart SJ, Uryga AK, Bosteen MH, Borghetti G, Nyberg M, Herum KM. Fibrotic Signaling in Cardiac Fibroblasts and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells: The Dual Roles of Fibrosis in HFpEF and CAD. Cells 2022; 11:1657. [PMID: 35626694 PMCID: PMC9139546 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and atherosclerosis-driven coronary artery disease (CAD) will have ongoing fibrotic remodeling both in the myocardium and in atherosclerotic plaques. However, the functional consequences of fibrosis differ for each location. Thus, cardiac fibrosis leads to myocardial stiffening, thereby compromising cardiac function, while fibrotic remodeling stabilizes the atherosclerotic plaque, thereby reducing the risk of plaque rupture. Although there are currently no drugs targeting cardiac fibrosis, it is a field under intense investigation, and future drugs must take these considerations into account. To explore similarities and differences of fibrotic remodeling at these two locations of the heart, we review the signaling pathways that are activated in the main extracellular matrix (ECM)-producing cells, namely human cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Although these signaling pathways are highly overlapping and context-dependent, effects on ECM remodeling mainly act through two core signaling cascades: TGF-β and Angiotensin II. We complete this by summarizing the knowledge gained from clinical trials targeting these two central fibrotic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kate M. Herum
- Research and Early Development, Novo Nordisk A/S, Novo Nordisk Park, 2760 Maaloev, Denmark; (J.C.B.); (S.J.B.); (A.K.U.); (M.H.B.); (G.B.); (M.N.)
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12
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Simon M, Lücht C, Hosp I, Zhao H, Wu D, Heidecke H, Witowski J, Budde K, Riemekasten G, Catar R. Autoantibodies from Patients with Scleroderma Renal Crisis Promote PAR-1 Receptor Activation and IL-6 Production in Endothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11793. [PMID: 34769227 PMCID: PMC8584031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) is a life-threatening complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Autoantibodies (Abs) against endothelial cell antigens have been implicated in SSc and SRC. However, their detailed roles remain poorly defined. Pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been found to be increased in SSc, but its role in SRC is unclear. Here, we aimed to determine how the autoantibodies from patients with SSc and SRC affect IL-6 secretion by micro-vascular endothelial cells (HMECs). METHODS Serum IgG fractions were isolated from either SSc patients with SRC (n = 4) or healthy individuals (n = 4) and then each experiment with HMECs was performed with SSc-IgG from a separate patient or separate healthy control. IL-6 expression and release by HMECs was assessed by quantitative reverse transcription and quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and immunoassays, respectively. The mechanisms underlying the production of IL-6 were analyzed by transient HMEC transfections with IL-6 promoter constructs, electrophoretic mobility shift assays, Western blots and flow cytometry. RESULTS Exposure of HMECs to IgG from SSc patients, but not from healthy controls, resulted in a time- and dose-dependent increase in IL-6 secretion, which was associated with increased AKT, p70S6K, and ERK1/2 signalling, as well as increased c-FOS/AP-1 transcriptional activity. All these effects could be reduced by the blockade of the endothelial PAR-1 receptor and/or c-FOS/AP-1silencing. CONCLUSIONS Autoantibodies against PAR-1 found in patients with SSc and SRC induce IL-6 production by endothelial cells through signalling pathways controlled by the AP-1 transcription factor. These observations offer a greater understanding of adverse endothelial cell responses to autoantibodies present in patients with SRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Simon
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.S.); (C.L.); (I.H.); (H.Z.); (D.W.); (J.W.); (K.B.)
| | - Christian Lücht
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.S.); (C.L.); (I.H.); (H.Z.); (D.W.); (J.W.); (K.B.)
| | - Isa Hosp
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.S.); (C.L.); (I.H.); (H.Z.); (D.W.); (J.W.); (K.B.)
| | - Hongfan Zhao
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.S.); (C.L.); (I.H.); (H.Z.); (D.W.); (J.W.); (K.B.)
| | - Dashan Wu
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.S.); (C.L.); (I.H.); (H.Z.); (D.W.); (J.W.); (K.B.)
| | | | - Janusz Witowski
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.S.); (C.L.); (I.H.); (H.Z.); (D.W.); (J.W.); (K.B.)
- Department of Pathophysiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland
| | - Klemens Budde
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.S.); (C.L.); (I.H.); (H.Z.); (D.W.); (J.W.); (K.B.)
| | - Gabriela Riemekasten
- Clinic for Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Germany;
| | - Rusan Catar
- Department of Nephrology and Internal Intensive Care Medicine, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.S.); (C.L.); (I.H.); (H.Z.); (D.W.); (J.W.); (K.B.)
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13
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Zanin-Zhorov A, Blazar BR. ROCK2, a critical regulator of immune modulation and fibrosis has emerged as a therapeutic target in chronic graft-versus-host disease. Clin Immunol 2021; 230:108823. [PMID: 34400321 PMCID: PMC8456981 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) is an immune-mediated disorder characterized by chronic inflammation and fibrosis. Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinases (ROCKs) are key coordinators of tissue response to injury, regulating multiple functions, such as gene expression and cell migration, proliferation and survival. Relevant to cGVHD and autoimmunity, only the ROCK2 isoform drives a pro-inflammatory type 17 helper T (Th17) cell response. Moreover, ROCK2 inhibition shifts the Th17/regulatory T (Treg) cell balance toward Treg cells and restores immune homeostasis in animal models of autoimmunity and cGVHD. Furthermore, the selective inhibition of ROCK2 by belumosudil reduces fibrosis by downregulating both transforming growth factor-β signaling and profibrotic gene expression, thereby impeding the creation of focal adhesions. Consistent with its anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic activities, belumosudil has demonstrated efficacy in clinical studies, resulting in an overall response rate of >70% in patients with cGVHD who failed 2 to 5 prior lines of systemic therapy. In summary, selective ROCK2 inhibition has emerged as a promising novel therapeutic approach for treating cGVHD and other immunologic diseases with unique mechanisms of action, targeting both immune imbalance and detrimental fibrotic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bruce R Blazar
- University of Minnesota Cancer Center and Department of Pediatrics, Division of Blood & Marrow Transplant & Cellular Therapy, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
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14
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Jiménez-Uribe AP, Gómez-Sierra T, Aparicio-Trejo OE, Orozco-Ibarra M, Pedraza-Chaverri J. Backstage players of fibrosis: NOX4, mTOR, HDAC, and S1P; companions of TGF-β. Cell Signal 2021; 87:110123. [PMID: 34438016 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The fibrotic process could be easily defined as a pathological excess of extracellular matrix deposition, leading to disruption of tissue architecture and eventually loss of function; however, this process involves a complex network of several signal transduction pathways. Virtually almost all organs could be affected by fibrosis, the most affected are the liver, lung, skin, kidney, heart, and eyes; in all of them, the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) has a central role. The canonical and non-canonical signal pathways of TGF-β impact the fibrotic process at the cellular and molecular levels, inducing the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the induction of profibrotic gene expression with the consequent increase in proteins such as alpha-smooth actin (α-SMA), fibronectin, collagen, and other extracellular matrix proteins. Recently, it has been reported that some molecules that have not been typically associated with the fibrotic process, such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 4 (NOX4), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), histone deacetylases (HDAC), and sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P); are critical in its development. In this review, we describe and discuss the role of these new players of fibrosis and the convergence with TGF-β signaling pathways, unveiling new insights into the panorama of fibrosis that could be useful for future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tania Gómez-Sierra
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX 04510, Mexico
| | - Omar Emiliano Aparicio-Trejo
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City 14080, Mexico
| | - Marisol Orozco-Ibarra
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología Molecular y Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Manuel Velasco Suárez, Av. Insurgentes Sur # 3877, La Fama, Alcaldía Tlalpan, CP 14269 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - José Pedraza-Chaverri
- Facultad de Química, Departamento de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, CDMX 04510, Mexico.
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15
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Xu X, Hong P, Wang Z, Tang Z, Li K. MicroRNAs in Transforming Growth Factor-Beta Signaling Pathway Associated With Fibrosis Involving Different Systems of the Human Body. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:707461. [PMID: 34381815 PMCID: PMC8350386 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.707461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis, a major cause of morbidity and mortality, is a histopathological manifestation of many chronic inflammatory diseases affecting different systems of the human body. Two types of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling pathways regulate fibrosis: the canonical TGF-β signaling pathway, represented by SMAD-2 and SMAD-3, and the noncanonical pathway, which functions without SMAD-2/3 participation and currently includes TGF-β/mitogen-activated protein kinases, TGF-β/SMAD-1/5, TGF-β/phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/Akt, TGF-β/Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription protein-3, and TGF-β/rho-associated coiled-coil containing kinase signaling pathways. MicroRNA (miRNA), a type of non-coding single-stranded small RNA, comprises approximately 22 nucleotides encoded by endogenous genes, which can regulate physiological and pathological processes in fibrotic diseases, particularly affecting organs such as the liver, the kidney, the lungs, and the heart. The aim of this review is to introduce the characteristics of the canonical and non-canonical TGF-β signaling pathways and to classify miRNAs with regulatory effects on these two pathways based on the influenced organ. Further, we aim to summarize the limitations of the current research of the mechanisms of fibrosis, provide insights into possible future research directions, and propose therapeutic options for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Xu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Pengyu Hong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhefu Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhangui Tang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Xiangya Stomatological Hospital and School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha, China
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16
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Chakraborty D, Zhu H, Jüngel A, Summa L, Li YN, Matei AE, Zhou X, Huang J, Trinh-Minh T, Chen CW, Lafyatis R, Dees C, Bergmann C, Soare A, Luo H, Ramming A, Schett G, Distler O, Distler JHW. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 activates a network of profibrotic signaling pathways to promote fibrosis in systemic sclerosis. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/563/eaaz5506. [PMID: 32998972 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaz5506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant activation of fibroblasts with progressive deposition of extracellular matrix is a key feature of systemic sclerosis (SSc), a prototypical idiopathic fibrotic disease. Here, we demonstrate that the profibrotic cytokine transforming growth factor β selectively up-regulates fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) and its ligand FGF9 to promote fibroblast activation and tissue fibrosis, leading to a prominent FGFR3 signature in the SSc skin. Transcriptome profiling, in silico analysis and functional experiments revealed that FGFR3 induces multiple profibrotic pathways including endothelin, interleukin-4, and connective tissue growth factor signaling mediated by transcription factor CREB (cAMP response element-binding protein). Inhibition of FGFR3 signaling by fibroblast-specific knockout of FGFR3 or FGF9 or pharmacological inhibition of FGFR3 blocked fibroblast activation and attenuated experimental skin fibrosis in mice. These findings characterize FGFR3 as an upstream regulator of a network of profibrotic mediators in SSc and as a potential target for the treatment of fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debomita Chakraborty
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Honglin Zhu
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Astrid Jüngel
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology and Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Lena Summa
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yi-Nan Li
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandru-Emil Matei
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jingang Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thuong Trinh-Minh
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Chih-Wei Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Robert Lafyatis
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Clara Dees
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christina Bergmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alina Soare
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
| | - Andreas Ramming
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver Distler
- Center of Experimental Rheumatology and Zurich Center of Integrative Human Physiology, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jörg H W Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3 - Rheumatology and Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany.
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17
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Lescoat A, Varga J, Matucci-Cerinic M, Khanna D. New promising drugs for the treatment of systemic sclerosis: pathogenic considerations, enhanced classifications, and personalized medicine. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2021; 30:635-652. [PMID: 33909517 PMCID: PMC8292968 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2021.1923693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Systemic sclerosis (SSc), also known as scleroderma, is a complex orphan disease characterized by early inflammatory features, vascular hyper-reactivity, and fibrosis of the skin and internal organs. Although substantial progress has been made in the understanding of the pathogenesis of SSc, there is still no disease-modifying drug that could significantly impact the natural history of the disease.Areas covered: This review discusses the rationale, preclinical evidence, first clinical eevidence,and pending issues concerning new promising therapeutic options that are under investigation in SSc. The search strategy was based on PubMed database and clinical trial.gov, highlighting recent key pathogenic aspects and phase I or II trials of investigational drugs in SSc.Expert opinion: The identification of new molecular entities that potentially impact inflammation and fibrosis may constitute promising options for a disease modifying-agent in SSc. The early combinations of antifibrotic drugs (such as pirfenidone) with immunomodulatory agents (such as mycophenolate mofetil) may also participate to achieve such a goal. A more refined stratification of patients, based on clinical features, molecular signatures, and identification of subpopulations with distinct clinical trajectories, may also improve management strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Lescoat
- Department of internal medicine, Division of rheumatology and Michigan Scleroderma Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of internal medicine, Univ Rennes, CHU Rennes, Inserm, EHESP, Irset (Institut De Recherche En Santé, Environnement Et Travail) - UMR_S 1085, Rennes, France
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Rennes University Hospital, Rennes, France
| | - John Varga
- Department of internal medicine, Division of rheumatology and Michigan Scleroderma Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Dinesh Khanna
- Department of internal medicine, Division of rheumatology and Michigan Scleroderma Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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18
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Adami E, Viswanathan S, Widjaja AA, Ng B, Chothani S, Zhihao N, Tan J, Lio PM, George BL, Altunoglu U, Ghosh K, Paleja BS, Schafer S, Reversade B, Albani S, Ling ALH, O'Reilly S, Cook SA. IL11 is elevated in systemic sclerosis and IL11-dependent ERK signaling underlies TGFβ-mediated activation of dermal fibroblasts. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:5820-5826. [PMID: 33590875 PMCID: PMC8645270 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Interleukin 11 (IL11) is highly upregulated in skin and lung fibroblasts from patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). Here we tested whether IL11 is mechanistically linked with activation of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) from patients with SSc or controls. Methods We measured serum IL11 levels in volunteers and patients with early diffuse SSc and manipulated IL11 signalling in HDFs using gain- and loss-of-function approaches that we combined with molecular and cellular phenotyping. Results In patients with SSc, serum IL11 levels are elevated as compared with healthy controls. All transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) isoforms induced IL11 secretion from HDFs, which highly express IL11 receptor α-subunit and the glycoprotein 130 (gp130) co-receptor, suggestive of an autocrine loop of IL11 activity in HDFs. IL11 stimulated ERK activation in HDFs and resulted in HDF-to-myofibroblast transformation and extracellular matrix secretion. The pro-fibrotic action of IL11 in HDFs appeared unrelated to STAT3 activity, independent of TGFβ upregulation and was not associated with phosphorylation of SMAD2/3. Inhibition of IL11 signalling using either a neutralizing antibody against IL11 or siRNA against IL11RA reduced TGFβ-induced HDF proliferation, matrix production and cell migration, which was phenocopied by pharmacological inhibition of ERK. Conclusions These data reveal that autocrine IL11-dependent ERK activity alone or downstream of TGFβ stimulation promotes fibrosis phenotypes in dermal fibroblasts and suggest IL11 as a potential therapeutic target in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Adami
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Sivakumar Viswanathan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Anissa A Widjaja
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Benjamin Ng
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sonia Chothani
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Nevin Zhihao
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jessie Tan
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Pei Min Lio
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Benjamin L George
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Umut Altunoglu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Koç University, School of Medicine, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kakaly Ghosh
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Human Genetics and Therapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore
| | - Bhairav S Paleja
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Sebastian Schafer
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bruno Reversade
- Department of Medical Genetics, Koç University, School of Medicine, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Human Genetics and Therapeutics Laboratory, A*STAR, Singapore 138672, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, A*STAR, Singapore 138673, Singapore.,Department of Paediatrics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
| | - Salvatore Albani
- Translational Immunology Institute (TII), SingHealth-DukeNUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore
| | - Andrea Low Hsiu Ling
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore.,Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore
| | - Steven O'Reilly
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Stockton Road, Durham, UK
| | - Stuart A Cook
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School, Singapore.,National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore.,MRC-London Institute of Medical Sciences, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, UK
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19
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Li Z, Bratlie KM. Fibroblasts treated with macrophage conditioned medium results in phenotypic shifts and changes in collagen organization. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 122:111915. [PMID: 33641908 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.111915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In tissue regeneration, the goal is to regenerate tissue similar to what was damaged or missing while preventing fibrotic scarring, which may lead to decreased mechanical strength and dissimilar tissue characteristics compared to native tissue. We believe collagen orientation plays a critical role in wound contraction and scarring and that it is modulated by myofibroblasts. We used macrophage conditioned medium to simulate complex events that can influence the fibroblast phenotype during the wound healing process. In addition to examining the effect of macrophage phenotype on fibroblasts, we inhibited focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK), and myosin II for fibroblasts cultured on both tissue culture plastic and methacrylated gellan gum to understand how different pathways and materials influence fibroblast responses. Collagen orientation, α-SMA expression, focal adhesion area, and cell migration were altered by inhibition of FAK, ROCK, or myosin II and macrophage phenotype, along with the substrate. An increase in either focal adhesion area or α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression correlated with an aligned collagen orientation. Gellan gum hydrogels upregulated α-SMA expression in ROCK inhibited conditioned media and downregulated the FAK area in FAK and ROCK inhibited conditioned media. Myosin II had no impact on the α-SMA expression on the substrate compared to coverslip except for M2 conditioned medium. Gellan gum hydrogel significantly increased cell migration under FAK and Myosin II mediated conditioned media and unconditioned media. Collectively, our study examined how macrophage phenotype influences fibroblast response, which would be beneficial in controlling scar tissue formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Li
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Kaitlin M Bratlie
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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20
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Zhao M, Wu J, Wu H, Sawalha AH, Lu Q. Clinical Treatment Options in Scleroderma: Recommendations and Comprehensive Review. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2021; 62:273-291. [PMID: 33449302 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-020-08831-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There are two major clinical subsets of scleroderma: (i) systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a complex systemic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation, vasculopathy, and excessive fibrosis of the skin and multiple internal organs and (ii) localized scleroderma (LoS), also known as morphea, is confined to the skin and/or subcutaneous tissues resulting in collagen deposition and subsequent fibrosis. SSc is rare but is associated with significant morbidity and mortality compared with other rheumatic diseases. Fatal outcomes in SSc often originate from organ complications of the disease, such as lung fibrosis, pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH), and scleroderma renal crisis (SRC). Current treatment modalities in SSc have focused on targeting vascular damage, fibrosis, and regulation of inflammation as well as autoimmune responses. Some drugs previously used in an attempt to suppress fibrosis, like D-penicillamine (D-Pen) or colchicine, have been disappointing in clinical practice despite anecdotal evidence of their advantages. Some canonical medications, including glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and vasodilators, have had some success in treating various manifestations in SSc patients. Increasing evidence suggests that some biologic agents targeting collagen, cytokines, and cell surface molecules might have promising therapeutic effects in SSc. In recent years, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), mostly autologous, has made great progress as a promising treatment option in severe and refractory SSc. Due to the complexity and heterogeneity of SSc, there are currently no optimal treatments for all aspects of the disease. As for LoS, local skin-targeted therapy is generally used, including topical application of glucocorticoids or other immunomodulatory ointments and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. In addition, systemic immunosuppressants are also utilized in several forms of LoS. Here, we comprehensively discuss current treatment options for scleroderma, encompassing old, new, and future potential treatment options. In addition, we summarize data from new clinical trials that have the potential to modify the disease process and improve long-term outcomes in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhao
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Immune-Related Skin Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jiali Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Immune-Related Skin Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Haijing Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Immune-Related Skin Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Amr H Sawalha
- Departments of Pediatrics, Medicine, and Immunology, and Lupus Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China. .,Research Unit of Key Technologies of Immune-Related Skin Diseases Diagnosis and Treatment, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Changsha, China. .,Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.
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21
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Ravikrishnan A, Zhang H, Fox JM, Jia X. Core-Shell Microfibers via Bioorthogonal Layer-by-Layer Assembly. ACS Macro Lett 2020; 9:1369-1375. [PMID: 35638624 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.0c00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A new technique is described for the construction of core-shell microfibers for biomedical applications. Fibrous scaffolds were fabricated by electrospinning, followed by covalent layer-by-layer deposition based on the rapid bioorthogonal reaction between s-tetrazines (Tz) and trans-cyclooctenes (TCOs). Electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds were subjected to surface modifications to install tetrazine groups. The scaffolds were iteratively submerged in aqueous solutions of TCO-modified hyaluronic acid (HA-TCO) and tetrazine-modified hyaluronic acid (HA-Tz), resulting in the controlled growth of a cross-linked HA gel around individual microfibers. Integrin-binding motifs were covalently attached to the surface of the microfibers using TCO-conjugated RGD peptide. The scaffolds fostered the attachment and growth of primary porcine vocal fold fibroblasts without a significant induction of the myofibroblast phenotype. Stimulation with transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) moderately enhanced fibroblast activation, and inhibition of the Rho/ROCK signaling pathway using Y27632 further decreased the expression of myofibroblastic markers. The bioorthogonally assembled scaffolds with a stiff PCL core and a soft HA shell may find application as therapeutic implants for the treatment of vocal fold scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anitha Ravikrishnan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Joseph M Fox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Xinqiao Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
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22
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Li S, Wang Y, Zhang C. Network pharmacology strategy for predicting the correlation of Systemic Scleroderma with Vitamin D deficiency. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 86:106702. [PMID: 32563782 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The deficiency of Vitamin D (VD) is a common symptom of systemic scleroderma (SSc), but the correlation of VD deficiency and SSc is not completely clear. Therefore, a strategy based on network pharmacology was designed to explore the correlation of VD deficiency and SSc. After a series of network construction and analysis, 5 integrins were predicated as the kernel targets in the correlation of VD deficiency and SSc, including ITGA5, ITGA4, ITGB3, ITGB1 and ITGAV. The crucial pathways in which the kernel targets participated were mainly involved in the function of immune, vascular and internal organ. The regulation modules of crucial pathways were closely related to the biological processes in the pathological of SSc. Taken together, the analysis predicted that the deficiency of VD might affect the pathological of SSc through the mediation of these integrins. Therefore, targeted regulation of these integrins might be an effective therapy against SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhe Li
- Institute of Chemical and Industrial Bioengineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, PR China.
| | - Yeming Wang
- Institute of Chemical and Industrial Bioengineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, PR China
| | - Chaoqun Zhang
- Institute of Chemical and Industrial Bioengineering, Jilin Engineering Normal University, Changchun 130052, PR China
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23
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Stern EP, Guerra SG, Chinque H, Acquaah V, González-Serna D, Ponticos M, Martin J, Ong VH, Khan K, Nihtyanova SI, Harber M, Burns A, Mayes MD, Assassi S, Fonseca C, Denton CP. Analysis of Anti-RNA Polymerase III Antibody-positive Systemic Sclerosis and Altered GPATCH2L and CTNND2 Expression in Scleroderma Renal Crisis. J Rheumatol 2020; 47:1668-1677. [PMID: 32173657 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.190945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) is a life-threatening complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc) strongly associated with anti-RNA polymerase III antibody (ARA) autoantibodies. We investigated genetic susceptibility and altered protein expression in renal biopsy specimens in ARA-positive patients with SRC. METHODS ARA-positive patients (n = 99) with at least 5 years' follow-up (49% with a history of SRC) were selected from a well characterized SSc cohort (n = 2254). Cases were genotyped using the Illumina Human Omni-express chip. Based on initial regression analysis, 9 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were chosen for validation in a separate cohort of 256 ARA-positive patients (40 with SRC). Immunostaining of tissue sections from SRC or control kidney was used to quantify expression of candidate proteins based upon genetic analysis of the discovery cohort. RESULTS Analysis of 641,489 SNP suggested association of POU2F1 (rs2093658; P = 1.98 × 10-5), CTNND2 (rs1859082; P = 5.58 × 10-5), HECW2 (rs16849716; P = 1.2 × 10-4), and GPATCH2L (rs935332; P = 4.92 × 10-5) with SRC. Further, the validation cohort showed an association between rs935332 within the GPATCH2L region, with SRC (P = 0.025). Immunostaining of renal biopsy sections showed increased tubular expression of GPATCH2L (P = 0.026) and glomerular expression of CTNND2 (P = 0.026) in SRC samples (n = 8) compared with normal human kidney controls (n = 8), despite absence of any genetic replication for the associated SNP. CONCLUSION Increased expression of 2 candidate proteins, GPATCH2L and CTNND2, in SRC compared with control kidney suggests a potential role in pathogenesis of SRC. For GPATCH2L, this may reflect genetic susceptibility in ARA-positive patients with SSc based upon 2 independent cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward P Stern
- E.P. Stern, MRCP, University College London (UCL) Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, and UCL Centre for Nephrology, London
| | - Sandra G Guerra
- S.G. Guerra, PhD, H. Chinque, BSc, V. Acquaah, BSc, M. Ponticos, V.H. Ong, PhD, FRCP, K. Khan, BSc, S.I. Nihtyanova, MD, C. Fonseca, MD, C.P. Denton, PhD, FRCP, Professor of Experimental Rheumatology, UCL Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, London, UK
| | - Harry Chinque
- S.G. Guerra, PhD, H. Chinque, BSc, V. Acquaah, BSc, M. Ponticos, V.H. Ong, PhD, FRCP, K. Khan, BSc, S.I. Nihtyanova, MD, C. Fonseca, MD, C.P. Denton, PhD, FRCP, Professor of Experimental Rheumatology, UCL Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, London, UK
| | - Vanessa Acquaah
- S.G. Guerra, PhD, H. Chinque, BSc, V. Acquaah, BSc, M. Ponticos, V.H. Ong, PhD, FRCP, K. Khan, BSc, S.I. Nihtyanova, MD, C. Fonseca, MD, C.P. Denton, PhD, FRCP, Professor of Experimental Rheumatology, UCL Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, London, UK
| | - David González-Serna
- D. González-Serna, PhD, J. Martin, MD, Instituto de Parasitologia y Biomedicina Lopez-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Markella Ponticos
- S.G. Guerra, PhD, H. Chinque, BSc, V. Acquaah, BSc, M. Ponticos, V.H. Ong, PhD, FRCP, K. Khan, BSc, S.I. Nihtyanova, MD, C. Fonseca, MD, C.P. Denton, PhD, FRCP, Professor of Experimental Rheumatology, UCL Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, London, UK
| | - Javier Martin
- D. González-Serna, PhD, J. Martin, MD, Instituto de Parasitologia y Biomedicina Lopez-Neyra, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
| | - Voon H Ong
- S.G. Guerra, PhD, H. Chinque, BSc, V. Acquaah, BSc, M. Ponticos, V.H. Ong, PhD, FRCP, K. Khan, BSc, S.I. Nihtyanova, MD, C. Fonseca, MD, C.P. Denton, PhD, FRCP, Professor of Experimental Rheumatology, UCL Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, London, UK
| | - Korsa Khan
- S.G. Guerra, PhD, H. Chinque, BSc, V. Acquaah, BSc, M. Ponticos, V.H. Ong, PhD, FRCP, K. Khan, BSc, S.I. Nihtyanova, MD, C. Fonseca, MD, C.P. Denton, PhD, FRCP, Professor of Experimental Rheumatology, UCL Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, London, UK
| | - Svetlana I Nihtyanova
- S.G. Guerra, PhD, H. Chinque, BSc, V. Acquaah, BSc, M. Ponticos, V.H. Ong, PhD, FRCP, K. Khan, BSc, S.I. Nihtyanova, MD, C. Fonseca, MD, C.P. Denton, PhD, FRCP, Professor of Experimental Rheumatology, UCL Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, London, UK
| | - Mark Harber
- M. Harber, FRCP, A. Burns, MD, UCL Centre for Nephrology, London, UK
| | - Aine Burns
- M. Harber, FRCP, A. Burns, MD, UCL Centre for Nephrology, London, UK
| | - Maureen D Mayes
- M.D Mayes, MD, S. Assassi, MD, University of Texas Houston - McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shervin Assassi
- M.D Mayes, MD, S. Assassi, MD, University of Texas Houston - McGovern Medical School, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Carmen Fonseca
- S.G. Guerra, PhD, H. Chinque, BSc, V. Acquaah, BSc, M. Ponticos, V.H. Ong, PhD, FRCP, K. Khan, BSc, S.I. Nihtyanova, MD, C. Fonseca, MD, C.P. Denton, PhD, FRCP, Professor of Experimental Rheumatology, UCL Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, London, UK
| | - Christopher P Denton
- S.G. Guerra, PhD, H. Chinque, BSc, V. Acquaah, BSc, M. Ponticos, V.H. Ong, PhD, FRCP, K. Khan, BSc, S.I. Nihtyanova, MD, C. Fonseca, MD, C.P. Denton, PhD, FRCP, Professor of Experimental Rheumatology, UCL Centre for Rheumatology and Connective Tissue Diseases, London, UK;
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24
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Wasson CW, Abignano G, Hermes H, Malaab M, Ross RL, Jimenez SA, Chang HY, Feghali-Bostwick CA, Del Galdo F. Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR drives EZH2-dependent myofibroblast activation in systemic sclerosis through miRNA 34a-dependent activation of NOTCH. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 79:507-517. [PMID: 32041748 PMCID: PMC7147169 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2019-216542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterised by autoimmune activation, tissue and vascular fibrosis in the skin and internal organs. Tissue fibrosis is driven by myofibroblasts, that are known to maintain their phenotype in vitro, which is associated with epigenetically driven trimethylation of lysine 27 of histone 3 (H3K27me3). Methods Full-thickness skin biopsies were surgically obtained from the forearms of 12 adult patients with SSc of recent onset. Fibroblasts were isolated and cultured in monolayers and protein and RNA extracted. HOX transcript antisense RNA (HOTAIR) was expressed in healthy dermal fibroblasts by lentiviral induction employing a vector containing the specific sequence. Gamma secretase inhibitors were employed to block Notch signalling. Enhancer of zeste 2 (EZH2) was blocked with GSK126 inhibitor. Results SSc myofibroblasts in vitro and SSc skin biopsies in vivo display high levels of HOTAIR, a scaffold long non-coding RNA known to direct the histone methyltransferase EZH2 to induce H3K27me3 in specific target genes. Overexpression of HOTAIR in dermal fibroblasts induced EZH2-dependent increase in collagen and α-SMA expression in vitro, as well as repression of miRNA-34A expression and consequent NOTCH pathway activation. Consistent with these findings, we show that SSc dermal fibroblast display decreased levels of miRNA-34a in vitro. Further, EZH2 inhibition rescued miRNA-34a levels and mitigated the profibrotic phenotype of both SSc and HOTAIR overexpressing fibroblasts in vitro. Conclusions Our data indicate that the EZH2-dependent epigenetic phenotype of myofibroblasts is driven by HOTAIR and is linked to miRNA-34a repression-dependent activation of NOTCH signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Wasson
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Giuseppina Abignano
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK.,Rheumatology Department of Lucania San Carlo Hospital, Potenza, Italy, Rheumatology Institute of Lucania (IReL), Potenza, Italy.,Scleroderma Programme, NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK
| | - Heidi Hermes
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Maya Malaab
- Rheumatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charlestown, South Carolina, USA
| | - Rebecca L Ross
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - Sergio A Jimenez
- Jefferson Institute of Molecular Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Howard Y Chang
- Center for Personal Dynamic Regulomes, University of Stanford, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Francesco Del Galdo
- Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, West Yorkshire, UK .,Scleroderma Programme, NIHR Leeds Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds, UK
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25
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Yu B, Sladojevic N, Blair JE, Liao JK. Targeting Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase (ROCK) in cardiovascular fibrosis and stiffening. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:47-62. [PMID: 31906742 PMCID: PMC7662835 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1712593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Pathological cardiac fibrosis, through excessive extracellular matrix protein deposition from fibroblasts and pro-fibrotic immune responses and vascular stiffening is associated with most forms of cardiovascular disease. Pathological cardiac fibrosis and stiffening can lead to heart failure and arrythmias and vascular stiffening may lead to hypertension. ROCK, a serine/threonine kinase downstream of the Rho-family of GTPases, may regulate many pro-fibrotic and pro-stiffening signaling pathways in numerous cell types.Areas covered: This article outlines the molecular mechanisms by which ROCK in fibroblasts, T helper cells, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and macrophages mediate fibrosis and stiffening. We speculate on how ROCK could be targeted to inhibit cardiovascular fibrosis and stiffening.Expert opinion: Critical gaps in knowledge must be addressed if ROCK inhibitors are to be used in the clinic. Numerous studies indicate that each ROCK isoform may play differential roles in regulating fibrosis and may have opposing roles in specific tissues. Future work needs to highlight the isoform- and tissue-specific contributions of ROCK in fibrosis, and how isoform-specific ROCK inhibitors in murine models and in clinical trials affect the pathophysiology of cardiac fibrosis and stiffening. This could progress knowledge regarding new treatments for heart failure, arrythmias and hypertension and the repair processes after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Yu
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nikola Sladojevic
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John E Blair
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James K Liao
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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26
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Non-canonical (non-SMAD2/3) TGF-β signaling in fibrosis: Mechanisms and targets. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 101:115-122. [PMID: 31883994 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β uses several intracellular signaling pathways besides canonical ALK5-Smad2/3 signaling to regulate a diverse array of cellular functions. Several of these so-called non-canonical (non-Smad2/3) pathways have been implicated in the pathogenesis of fibrosis and may therefore represent targets for therapeutic intervention. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the mechanisms of non-canonical TGF-β signaling in fibrosis, the potential molecular targets and the use of agonists/antagonists for therapeutic intervention.
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27
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Penke LR, Peters-Golden M. Molecular determinants of mesenchymal cell activation in fibroproliferative diseases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:4179-4201. [PMID: 31563998 PMCID: PMC6858579 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03212-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Uncontrolled scarring, or fibrosis, can interfere with the normal function of virtually all tissues of the body, ultimately leading to organ failure and death. Fibrotic diseases represent a major cause of death in industrialized countries. Unfortunately, no curative treatments for these conditions are yet available, highlighting the critical need for a better fundamental understanding of molecular mechanisms that may be therapeutically tractable. The ultimate indispensable effector cells responsible for deposition of extracellular matrix proteins that comprise scars are mesenchymal cells, namely fibroblasts and myofibroblasts. In this review, we focus on the biology of these cells and the molecular mechanisms that regulate their pertinent functions. We discuss key pro-fibrotic mediators, signaling pathways, and transcription factors that dictate their activation and persistence. Because of their possible clinical and therapeutic relevance, we also consider potential brakes on mesenchymal cell activation and cellular processes that may facilitate myofibroblast clearance from fibrotic tissue-topics that have in general been understudied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loka R Penke
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 6301 MSRB III, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5642, USA
| | - Marc Peters-Golden
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 6301 MSRB III, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-5642, USA.
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28
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Yanagihara T, Sato S, Upagupta C, Kolb M. What have we learned from basic science studies on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis? Eur Respir Rev 2019; 28:28/153/190029. [PMID: 31511255 PMCID: PMC9488501 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0029-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal age-related lung disease characterised by progressive and irreversible scarring of the lung. Although the details are not fully understood, there has been tremendous progress in understanding the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, which has led to the identification of many new potential therapeutic targets. In this review we discuss several of these advances with a focus on genetic susceptibility and cellular senescence primarily affecting epithelial cells, activation of profibrotic pathways, disease-enhancing fibrogenic cell types and the role of the remodelled extracellular matrix. This review provides a summary of the most important findings in basic science investigations in pulmonary fibrosis and how they affect drug development and future patient management.http://bit.ly/2RjGMFZ
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Affiliation(s)
- Toyoshi Yanagihara
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Research Institute at St Joseph's Healthcare, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Research Institute for Diseases of the Chest, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Seidai Sato
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine and Rheumatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan.,Both authors contributed equally
| | - Chandak Upagupta
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Research Institute at St Joseph's Healthcare, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Kolb
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Research Institute at St Joseph's Healthcare, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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29
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Upagupta C, Shimbori C, Alsilmi R, Kolb M. Matrix abnormalities in pulmonary fibrosis. Eur Respir Rev 2018; 27:27/148/180033. [PMID: 29950306 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0033-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating, progressive disease, marked by excessive scarring, which leads to increased tissue stiffness, loss in lung function and ultimately death. IPF is characterised by progressive fibroblast and myofibroblast proliferation, and extensive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Myofibroblasts play a key role in ECM deposition. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 is a major growth factor involved in myofibroblast differentiation, and the creation of a profibrotic microenvironment. There is a strong link between increased ECM stiffness and profibrotic changes in cell phenotype and differentiation. The activation of TGF-β1 in response to mechanical stress from a stiff ECM explains some of the influence of the tissue microenvironment on cell phenotype and function. Understanding the close relationship between cells and their surrounding microenvironment will ultimately facilitate better management strategies for IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandak Upagupta
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Chiko Shimbori
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Rahmah Alsilmi
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Martin Kolb
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health, Dept of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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30
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Organ fibrosis is a lethal component of scleroderma. The hallmark of scleroderma fibrosis is extensive extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition by activated myofibroblasts, specialized hyper-contractile cells that promote ECM remodeling and matrix stiffening. The purpose of this review is to discuss novel mechanistic insight into myofibroblast activation in scleroderma. RECENT FINDINGS Matrix stiffness, traditionally viewed as an end point of organ fibrosis, is now recognized as a critical regulator of tissue fibrogenesis that hijacks the normal physiologic wound-healing program to promote organ fibrosis. Here, we discuss how matrix stiffness orchestrates fibrosis by controlling three fundamental pro-fibrotic mechanisms: (a) mechanoactivation of myofibroblasts, (b) integrin-mediated latent transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) activation, and (c) activation of non-canonical TGF-β1 signaling pathways. We also summarize novel therapeutic targets for anti-fibrotic therapy based on the mechanobiology of scleroderma. Future research on mechanobiology of scleroderma may lead to important clinical applications such as improved diagnosis and treatment of patients with scleroderma and other fibrotic-related diseases.
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31
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Lagares D, Santos A, Grasberger PE, Liu F, Probst CK, Rahimi RA, Sakai N, Kuehl T, Ryan J, Bhola P, Montero J, Kapoor M, Baron M, Varelas X, Tschumperlin DJ, Letai A, Tager AM. Targeted apoptosis of myofibroblasts with the BH3 mimetic ABT-263 reverses established fibrosis. Sci Transl Med 2017; 9:eaal3765. [PMID: 29237758 PMCID: PMC8520471 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aal3765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Persistent myofibroblast activation distinguishes pathological fibrosis from physiological wound healing, suggesting that therapies selectively inducing myofibroblast apoptosis could prevent progression and potentially reverse established fibrosis in diseases such as scleroderma, a heterogeneous autoimmune disease characterized by multiorgan fibrosis. We demonstrate that fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation driven by matrix stiffness increases the mitochondrial priming (proximity to the apoptotic threshold) of these activated cells. Mitochondria in activated myofibroblasts, but not quiescent fibroblasts, are primed by death signals such as the proapoptotic BH3-only protein BIM, which creates a requirement for tonic expression of the antiapoptotic protein BCL-XL to sequester BIM and ensure myofibroblast survival. Myofibroblasts become particularly susceptible to apoptosis induced by "BH3 mimetic" drugs inhibiting BCL-XL such as ABT-263. ABT-263 displaces BCL-XL binding to BIM, allowing BIM to activate apoptosis on stiffness-primed myofibroblasts. Therapeutic blockade of BCL-XL with ABT-263 (navitoclax) effectively treats established fibrosis in a mouse model of scleroderma dermal fibrosis by inducing myofibroblast apoptosis. Using a BH3 profiling assay to assess mitochondrial priming in dermal fibroblasts derived from patients with scleroderma, we demonstrate that the extent of apoptosis induced by BH3 mimetic drugs correlates with the extent of their mitochondrial priming, indicating that BH3 profiling could predict apoptotic responses of fibroblasts to BH3 mimetic drugs in patients with scleroderma. Together, our findings elucidate the potential efficacy of targeting myofibroblast antiapoptotic proteins with BH3 mimetic drugs in scleroderma and other fibrotic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Lagares
- Fibrosis Research Center and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
| | - Alba Santos
- Fibrosis Research Center and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Paula E Grasberger
- Fibrosis Research Center and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Clemens K Probst
- Fibrosis Research Center and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Rod A Rahimi
- Fibrosis Research Center and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Norihiko Sakai
- Fibrosis Research Center and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Division of Nephrology and Division of Blood Purification, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Tobias Kuehl
- Fibrosis Research Center and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Jeremy Ryan
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Patrick Bhola
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joan Montero
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mohit Kapoor
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network and Department of Surgery and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Murray Baron
- Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xaralabos Varelas
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Anthony Letai
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew M Tager
- Fibrosis Research Center and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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32
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PTP4A1 promotes TGFβ signaling and fibrosis in systemic sclerosis. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1060. [PMID: 29057934 PMCID: PMC5651906 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by fibrosis of skin and internal organs. Protein tyrosine phosphatases have received little attention in the study of SSc or fibrosis. Here, we show that the tyrosine phosphatase PTP4A1 is highly expressed in fibroblasts from patients with SSc. PTP4A1 and its close homolog PTP4A2 are critical promoters of TGFβ signaling in primary dermal fibroblasts and of bleomycin-induced fibrosis in vivo. PTP4A1 promotes TGFβ signaling in human fibroblasts through enhancement of ERK activity, which stimulates SMAD3 expression and nuclear translocation. Upstream from ERK, we show that PTP4A1 directly interacts with SRC and inhibits SRC basal activation independently of its phosphatase activity. Unexpectedly, PTP4A2 minimally interacts with SRC and does not promote the SRC–ERK–SMAD3 pathway. Thus, in addition to defining PTP4A1 as a molecule of interest for TGFβ-dependent fibrosis, our study provides information regarding the functional specificity of different members of the PTP4A subclass of phosphatases. Although protein tyrosine kinases are being explored as antifibrotic agents for the treatment of systemic sclerosis, little is known about the function of counteractive protein tyrosine phosphatases in this context. Here, the authors show that PTP4A1 is highly expressed by fibroblasts from patients with systemic sclerosis and promotes TGFβ activity via SRC–ERK–SMAD3 signaling.
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33
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Lotti F, Ranieri F, Vadalà G, Zollo L, Di Pino G. Invasive Intraneural Interfaces: Foreign Body Reaction Issues. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:497. [PMID: 28932181 PMCID: PMC5592213 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraneural interfaces are stimulation/registration devices designed to couple the peripheral nervous system (PNS) with the environment. Over the last years, their use has increased in a wide range of applications, such as the control of a new generation of neural-interfaced prostheses. At present, the success of this technology is limited by an electrical impedance increase, due to an inflammatory response called foreign body reaction (FBR), which leads to the formation of a fibrotic tissue around the interface, eventually causing an inefficient transduction of the electrical signal. Based on recent developments in biomaterials and inflammatory/fibrotic pathologies, we explore and select the biological solutions that might be adopted in the neural interfaces FBR context: modifications of the interface surface, such as organic and synthetic coatings; the use of specific drugs or molecular biology tools to target the microenvironment around the interface; the development of bio-engineered-scaffold to reduce immune response and promote interface-tissue integration. By linking what we believe are the major crucial steps of the FBR process with related solutions, we point out the main issues that future research has to focus on: biocompatibility without losing signal conduction properties, good reproducible in vitro/in vivo models, drugs exhaustion and undesired side effects. The underlined pros and cons of proposed solutions show clearly the importance of a better understanding of all the molecular and cellular pathways involved and the need of a multi-target action based on a bio-engineered combination approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiorenza Lotti
- NeXT: Neurophysiology and Neuroengineering of Human-Technology Interaction Research Unit, Università Campus Bio-MedicoRome, Italy.,Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Università Campus Bio-MedicoRome, Italy
| | - Federico Ranieri
- NeXT: Neurophysiology and Neuroengineering of Human-Technology Interaction Research Unit, Università Campus Bio-MedicoRome, Italy.,Fondazione Alberto Sordi-Research Institute for AgingRome, Italy.,Research Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology and Neurobiology, Università Campus Bio-MedicoRome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Vadalà
- Research Unit of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Università Campus Bio-MedicoRome, Italy
| | - Loredana Zollo
- Research Unit of Biomedical Robotics and Biomicrosystems, Università Campus Bio-MedicoRome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Pino
- NeXT: Neurophysiology and Neuroengineering of Human-Technology Interaction Research Unit, Università Campus Bio-MedicoRome, Italy.,Research Unit of Neurology, Neurophysiology and Neurobiology, Università Campus Bio-MedicoRome, Italy
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34
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Li J, Yao W, Zhang L, Bao L, Chen H, Wang D, Yue Z, Li Y, Zhang M, Hao C. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis in lung fibroblasts co-cultured with silica-exposed alveolar macrophages. Respir Res 2017; 18:91. [PMID: 28499430 PMCID: PMC5429546 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-017-0576-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Exposure to crystalline silica is considered to increase the risk of lung fibrosis. The primary effector cell, the myofibroblast, plays an important role in the deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). DNA methylation change is considered to have a potential effect on myofibroblast differentiation. Therefore, the present study was designed to investigate the genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of lung fibroblasts co-cultured with alveolar macrophages exposed to crystalline silica in vitro. Methods AM/fibroblast co-culture system was established. CCK8 was used to assess the toxicity of AMs. mRNA and protein expression of collagen I, α-SMA, MAPK9 and TGF-β1 of fibroblasts after AMs exposed to 100 μg /ml SiO2 for 0–, 24–, or 48 h were determined by means of quantitative real-time PCR, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry. Genomic DNA of fibroblasts was isolated using MeDIP-Seq to sequence. R software, GO, KEGG and Cytoscape were used to analyze the data. Results SiO2 exposure increased the expression of collagen I and α-SMA in fibroblasts in co-culture system. Analysis of fibroblast methylome identified extensive methylation changes involved in several signaling pathways, such as the MAPK signaling pathway and metabolic pathways. Several candidates, including Tgfb1 and Mapk9, are hubs who can connect the gene clusters. MAPK9 mRNA expression was significantly higher in fibroblast exposed to SiO2 in co-culture system for 48 h. MAPK9 protein expression was increased at both 24-h and 48-h treatment groups. TGF-β1 mRNA expression of fibroblast has a time-dependent manner, but we didn’t observe the TGF-β1 protein expression. Conclusion Tgfb1 and Mapk9 are helpful to explore the mechanism of myofibroblast differentiation. The genome-wide DNA methylation profiles of fibroblasts in this experimental silicosis model will be useful for future studies on epigenetic gene regulation during myofibroblast differentiation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12931-017-0576-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Li
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Kexue Road, Zhengzhou city, Henan province, China
| | - Wu Yao
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Kexue Road, Zhengzhou city, Henan province, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Kexue Road, Zhengzhou city, Henan province, China
| | - Lei Bao
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Kexue Road, Zhengzhou city, Henan province, China
| | - Huiting Chen
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Kexue Road, Zhengzhou city, Henan province, China
| | - Di Wang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Kexue Road, Zhengzhou city, Henan province, China
| | - Zhongzheng Yue
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Kexue Road, Zhengzhou city, Henan province, China
| | - Yiping Li
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Kexue Road, Zhengzhou city, Henan province, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Kexue Road, Zhengzhou city, Henan province, China
| | - Changfu Hao
- College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100, Kexue Road, Zhengzhou city, Henan province, China.
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Interaction of Src and Alpha-V Integrin Regulates Fibroblast Migration and Modulates Lung Fibrosis in A Preclinical Model of Lung Fibrosis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:46357. [PMID: 28397850 PMCID: PMC5387740 DOI: 10.1038/srep46357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Src kinase is known to regulate fibroblast migration. However, the contribution of integrin and Src kinase interaction to lung fibrosis has not been mechanistically investigated. Our data demonstrate that integrin alpha v (αV) recruited Src kinase and that leads to subsequent Src activation in fibroblasts plated on fibrotic matrix, osteopontin. Src interaction with integrin αV is required for integrin αV-mediated Src activation, and the subsequent fibroblast migration. The study identified that β5 and β3 are the major integrins for this effect on osteopontin. In contrast, integrins β1, β6, and β8 did not have a critical role in this phenomenon. Importantly, Src inhibitor significantly reduces fibroblast migration stimulated by PDGF-BB and reduced in vivo lung fibrosis in mice. Src inhibitor reduced Src activation and blocked the signaling transduction by integrin αV, inhibited migration signaling pathways and reduced extracellular matrix protein production, and blocked myofibroblast differentiation in vivo in mouse lung tissues. The present study supports that the interaction of Src Kinase and integrins plays a critical role in the development of lung fibrosis and the signaling involved may present a novel opportunity to target deadly fibrotic diseases.
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36
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Kiya K, Kubo T, Kawai K, Matsuzaki S, Maeda D, Fujiwara T, Nishibayashi A, Kanazawa S, Yano K, Amano G, Katayama T, Hosokawa K. Endothelial cell-derived endothelin-1 is involved in abnormal scar formation by dermal fibroblasts through RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:705-712. [PMID: 27892645 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scars and keloids are characterized by excessive dermal deposition of extracellular matrix due to fibroblast-to-myofibroblast differentiation. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is primarily produced by vascular endothelial cells and plays multiple roles in the wound-healing response and organ fibrogenesis. In this study, we investigated the pathophysiological significance of ET-1 and involvement of RhoA, a member of the Rho GTPases, in hypertrophic scar/keloid formation. We found that ET-1 expression on dermal microvascular endothelial cells (ECs) in hypertrophic scars and keloids was higher than that in normal skin and mature scars. We also confirmed that ET-1 induced myofibroblast differentiation and collagen synthesis in cultured human dermal fibroblasts through the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway. Finally, since hypertrophic scar/keloid formation was most prominent in areas exposed to mechanical stretch, we examined how mechanical stretch affected ET-1 secretion in human dermal microvascular ECs, and found that mechanical stretch increased ET-1 gene expression and secretion from ECs. Taken together, these results suggest that dermal microvascular ECs release ET-1 in response to mechanical stretch, and thereby contribute to the formation of hypertrophic scars and keloids through the RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Kiya
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tateki Kubo
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenichiro Kawai
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Matsuzaki
- Department of Pharmacology, Wakayama Medical University, Kimiidera, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Daisuke Maeda
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Fujiwara
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Akimitsu Nishibayashi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Kanazawa
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kenji Yano
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Genki Amano
- Department of Child Development and Molecular Brain Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taiichi Katayama
- Department of Child Development and Molecular Brain Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ko Hosokawa
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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37
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Bei Y, Hua-Huy T, Nicco C, Duong-Quy S, Le-Dong NN, Tiev KP, Chéreau C, Batteux F, Dinh-Xuan AT. RhoA/Rho-kinase activation promotes lung fibrosis in an animal model of systemic sclerosis. Exp Lung Res 2016; 42:44-55. [PMID: 26873329 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2016.1141263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective-tissue disease characterized by vascular injury, immune-system disorders, and excessive fibrosis of the skin and multiple internal organs. Recent reports found that RhoA/Rho-kinase (ROCK) pathway is implicated in various fibrogenic diseases. Intradermal injection of hypochlorous acid (HOCl)-generating solution induced inflammation, autoimmune activation, and fibrosis, mimicking the cutaneous diffuse form of SSc in humans. Our study aimed firstly to describe pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis induced by HOCl in mice, and secondly to determine whether fasudil, a selective inhibitor of ROCK, could prevent lung and skin fibroses in HOCl-injected mice. METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice received daily intradermal injection of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) for 6 weeks to induce SSc, with and without daily treatment with fasudil (30 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) by oral gavage. RESULTS HOCl intoxication induced significant lung inflammation (macrophages and neutrophils infiltration), and fibrosis. These modifications were prevented by fasudil treatment. Simultaneously, HOCl enhanced ROCK activity in lung and skin tissues. Inhibition of ROCK reduced skin fibrosis, expression of α-smooth-muscle actin and 3-nitrotyrosine, as well as the activity of ROCK in the fibrotic skin of HOCl-treated mice, through inhibition of phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and ERK1/2. Fasudil significantly decreased the serum levels of anti-DNA-topoisomerase-1 antibodies in mice with HOCl-induced SSc. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm HOCl-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in mice, and provide further evidence for a key role of RhoA/ROCK pathway in several pathological processes of experimental SSc. Fasudil could be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Bei
- a Laboratoire de Physiologie Respiratoire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) , Paris , France.,b Regeneration Lab and Experimental Center of Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University , Shanghai , China
| | - Thong Hua-Huy
- a Laboratoire de Physiologie Respiratoire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) , Paris , France
| | - Carole Nicco
- c Laboratoire d'Immunologie Clinique, Universite Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Equipe Batteux, Institut Cochin, Hopital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP) , Paris , France
| | - Sy Duong-Quy
- a Laboratoire de Physiologie Respiratoire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) , Paris , France
| | - Nhat-Nam Le-Dong
- a Laboratoire de Physiologie Respiratoire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) , Paris , France.,d Department of Pneumology, St. Elisabeth Hospital , Namur , Belgium
| | - Kiet-Phong Tiev
- a Laboratoire de Physiologie Respiratoire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) , Paris , France.,e Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Vitry sur Seine , Site Pasteur , Vitry sur Seine , France
| | - Christiane Chéreau
- b Regeneration Lab and Experimental Center of Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University , Shanghai , China
| | - Frédéric Batteux
- b Regeneration Lab and Experimental Center of Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University , Shanghai , China
| | - Anh Tuan Dinh-Xuan
- a Laboratoire de Physiologie Respiratoire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) , Paris , France
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Gervais EM, Sequeira SJ, Wang W, Abraham S, Kim JH, Leonard D, DeSantis KA, Larsen M. Par-1b is required for morphogenesis and differentiation of myoepithelial cells during salivary gland development. Organogenesis 2016; 12:194-216. [PMID: 27841695 PMCID: PMC5198941 DOI: 10.1080/15476278.2016.1252887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The salivary epithelium initiates as a solid mass of epithelial cells that are organized into a primary bud that undergoes morphogenesis and differentiation to yield bilayered acini consisting of interior secretory acinar cells that are surrounded by contractile myoepithelial cells in mature salivary glands. How the primary bud transitions into acini has not been previously documented. We document here that the outer epithelial cells subsequently undergo a vertical compression as they express smooth muscle α-actin and differentiate into myoepithelial cells. The outermost layer of polarized epithelial cells assemble and organize the basal deposition of basement membrane, which requires basal positioning of the polarity protein, Par-1b. Whether Par-1b is required for the vertical compression and differentiation of the myoepithelial cells is unknown. Following manipulation of Par-1b in salivary gland organ explants, Par-1b-inhibited explants showed both a reduced vertical compression of differentiating myoepithelial cells and reduced levels of smooth muscle α-actin. Rac1 knockdown and inhibition of Rac GTPase function also inhibited branching morphogenesis. Since Rac regulates cellular morphology, we investigated a contribution for Rac in myoepithelial cell differentiation. Inhibition of Rac GTPase activity showed a similar reduction in vertical compression and smooth muscle α-actin levels while decreasing the levels of Par-1b protein and altering its basal localization in the outer cells. Inhibition of ROCK, which is required for basal positioning of Par-1b, resulted in mislocalization of Par-1b and loss of vertical cellular compression, but did not significantly alter levels of smooth muscle α-actin in these cells. Overexpression of Par-1b in the presence of Rac inhibition restored basement membrane protein levels and localization. Our results indicate that the basal localization of Par-1b in the outer epithelial cells is required for myoepithelial cell compression, and Par-1b is required for myoepithelial differentiation, regardless of its localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise M. Gervais
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental, and Neural Biology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Sharon J. Sequeira
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Weihao Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Stanley Abraham
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Janice H. Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Daniel Leonard
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Kara A. DeSantis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
- Graduate Program in Molecular, Cellular, Developmental, and Neural Biology, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Melinda Larsen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY, USA
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Abstract
Effective immune responses require the precise regulation of dynamic interactions between hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cells. The Rho subfamily of GTPases, which includes RhoA, is rapidly activated downstream of a diverse array of biochemical and biomechanical signals, and is emerging as an important mediator of this cross-talk. Key downstream effectors of RhoA are the Rho kinases, or ROCKs. The ROCKs are two serine-threonine kinases that can act as global coordinators of a tissue’s response to stress and injury because of their ability to regulate a wide range of biological processes. Although the RhoA-ROCK pathway has been extensively investigated in the non-hematopoietic compartment, its role in the immune system is just now becoming appreciated. In this commentary, we provide a brief overview of recent findings that highlight the contribution of this pathway to lymphocyte development and activation, and the impact that dysregulation in the activation of RhoA and/or the ROCKs may exert on a growing list of autoimmune and lymphoproliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edd Ricker
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, 10021, USA; Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York, 10065, USA
| | - Luvana Chowdhury
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, 10021, USA
| | - Woelsung Yi
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, 10021, USA; David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, 10021, USA
| | - Alessandra B Pernis
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, 10021, USA; Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, New York, 10065, USA; David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, 10021, USA; Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, 10021, USA
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40
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Hsieh SC, Wu CC, Hsu SL, Feng CH, Yen JH. Gallic acid attenuates TGF-β1-stimulated collagen gel contraction via suppression of RhoA/Rho-kinase pathway in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. Life Sci 2016; 161:19-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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Stempien-Otero A, Kim DH, Davis J. Molecular networks underlying myofibroblast fate and fibrosis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2016; 97:153-61. [PMID: 27167848 PMCID: PMC5482716 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2016.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Fibrotic remodeling is a hallmark of most forms of cardiovascular disease and a strong prognostic indicator of the advancement towards heart failure. Myofibroblasts, which are a heterogeneous cell-type specialized for extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion and tissue contraction, are the primary effectors of the heart's fibrotic response. This review is focused on defining myofibroblast physiology, its progenitor cell populations, and the core signaling network that orchestrates myofibroblast differentiation as a way of understanding the basic determinants of fibrotic disease in the heart and other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- April Stempien-Otero
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Deok-Ho Kim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jennifer Davis
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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42
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Kumar R, Griffin M, Adigbli G, Kalavrezos N, Butler PEM. Lipotransfer for radiation-induced skin fibrosis. Br J Surg 2016; 103:950-61. [PMID: 27169866 DOI: 10.1002/bjs.10180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) is a late complication of radiotherapy that results in progressive functional and cosmetic impairment. Autologous fat has emerged as an option for soft tissue reconstruction. There are also sporadic reports suggesting regression of fibrosis following regional lipotransfer. This systematic review aimed to identify cellular mechanisms driving RIF, and the potential role of lipotransfer in attenuating these processes. METHODS PubMed, OVID and Google Scholar databases were searched to identify all original articles regarding lipotransfer for RIF. All articles describing irradiated fibroblast or myofibroblast behaviour were included. Data elucidating the mechanisms of RIF, role of lipotransfer in RIF and methods to quantify fibrosis were extracted. RESULTS Ninety-eight studies met the inclusion criteria. A single, definitive model of RIF is yet to be established, but four cellular mechanisms were identified through in vitro studies. Twenty-one studies identified connective tissue growth factor and transforming growth factor β1 cytokines as drivers of fibrotic cascades. Hypoxia was demonstrated to propagate fibrogenesis in three studies. Oxidative stress from the release of reactive oxygen species and free radicals was also linked to RIF in 11 studies. Purified autologous fat grafts contain cellular and non-cellular properties that potentially interact with these processes. Six methods for quantifying fibrotic changes were evaluated including durometry, ultrasound shear wave elastography, thermography, dark field imaging, and laser Doppler and laser speckle flowmetry. CONCLUSION Understanding how lipotransfer causes regression of RIF remains unclear; there are a number of new hypotheses for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kumar
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, London, UK.,Charles Wolfson Centre for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Griffin
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, London, UK.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.,Charles Wolfson Centre for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - G Adigbli
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, London, UK.,Charles Wolfson Centre for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - N Kalavrezos
- Head and Neck Unit, Macmillan Cancer Centre, University College London Hospital, London, UK.,Charles Wolfson Centre for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - P E M Butler
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, London, UK.,Head and Neck Unit, Macmillan Cancer Centre, University College London Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK.,Charles Wolfson Centre for Reconstructive Surgery, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
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43
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Li J, Zhao TT, Zhang P, Xu CJ, Rong ZX, Yan ZY, Fang CY. Autophagy mediates oral submucous fibrosis. Exp Ther Med 2016; 11:1859-1864. [PMID: 27168817 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic insidious disease of the oral mucosa, well-recognized as a premalignant condition and commonly found in Southern China. It is primarily caused by the habit of areca nut or gutkha chewing. OSF is believed to be a homeostatic disorder of the extracellular matrix and fibroblast proliferation. The present study demonstrated a novel link between autophagy and OSF. Tissue samples from human OSF showed an overexpression of the autophagy marker microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 using immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction. With regard to the crucial role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in OSF disease, western blot analysis demonstrated that TGF-β signaling was shown to contribute to the activation of autophagy in fibroblasts in vitro; however, a cell apoptosis and MTS assay demonstrated that the suppression of autophagy ameliorated the fibrosis induced by active TGF-β receptor type I signaling, as well as promoted fibroblast apoptosis and suppressed proliferation. Therefore, the present results suggest that autophagy serves a crucial function in OSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Li
- Oral Medical Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Ting Zhao
- Oral Medical Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Chao-Jin Xu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Neuroscience, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo-Xiang Rong
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Yi Yan
- Oral Medical Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Yun Fang
- Oral Medical Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410000, P.R. China
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44
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra B. Pernis
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021; , ,
- Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065;
- David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, NY 10021
| | - Edd Ricker
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021; , ,
- Graduate Program in Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065;
| | - Chien-Huan Weng
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021; , ,
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry Cell and Molecular Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, New York, NY 10065;
| | - Cristina Rozo
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021; , ,
| | - Woelsung Yi
- Autoimmunity and Inflammation Program, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021; , ,
- David Z. Rosensweig Genomics Research Center, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY 10021
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45
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Zhao XK, Cheng Y, Liang Cheng M, Yu L, Mu M, Li H, Liu Y, Zhang B, Yao Y, Guo H, Wang R, Zhang Q. Focal Adhesion Kinase Regulates Fibroblast Migration via Integrin beta-1 and Plays a Central Role in Fibrosis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19276. [PMID: 26763945 PMCID: PMC4725867 DOI: 10.1038/srep19276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung fibrosis is a major medical problem for the aging population worldwide. Fibroblast migration plays an important role in fibrosis. Focal Adhesion Kinase (FAK) senses the extracellular stimuli and initiates signaling cascades that promote cell migration. This study first examined the dose and time responses of FAK activation in human lung fibroblasts treated with platelet derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB). The data indicate that FAK is directly recruited by integrin β1 and the subsequent FAK activation is required for fibroblast migration on fibronectin. In addition, the study has identified that α5β1 and α4β1 are the major integrins for FAK-mediated fibroblast migration on fibronect. In contrast, integrins αvβ3, αvβ6, and αvβ8 play a minor but distinct role in fibroblast migration on fibronectin. FAK inhibitor significantly reduces PDGF-BB stimulated fibroblast migration. Importantly, FAK inhibitor protects bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in mice. FAK inhibitor blocks FAK activation and significantly reduces signaling cascade of fibroblast migration in bleomycin-challenged mice. Furthermore, FAK inhibitor decreases lung fibrotic score, collagen accumulation, fibronectin production, and myofibroblast differentiation in in bleomycin-challenged mice. These data demonstrate that FAK mediates fibroblast migration mainly via integrin β1. Furthermore, the findings suggest that targeting FAK signaling is an effective therapeutic strategy against fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ke Zhao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yiju Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the First Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ming Liang Cheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, The Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Mao Mu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Baofang Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yumei Yao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Hospital Affiliated to Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
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46
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Pehlivan Y, Yolbas S, Cetin GY, Alibaz-Oner F, Cagatay Y, Yilmaz N, Oztuzcu S, Donmez S, Ozgen M, Koca SS, Pamuk ON, Sayarlıoglu M, Kisacik B, Direskeneli H, Demiryurek AT, Onat AM. Investigation of the association between Rho/Rho-kinase gene polymorphisms and systemic sclerosis. Rheumatol Int 2015; 36:421-7. [PMID: 26615410 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-015-3400-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a disease characterized by inflammation, vascular abnormalities and fibrosis. The role of Rho/Rho-kinase pathway was demonstrated in the pathogenesis of fibrosis, inflammation and vascular abnormalities. This study was aimed to investigate the relation between SSc and Rho/Rho-kinase gene polymorphisms. The study included 339 patients with SSc and 302 healthy subjects who were apparently healthy and at similar age and gender. Genotype distributions and allele frequencies were detected by using Chi-square test or Fisher's exact Chi-square test between groups, and the haplotype analysis was applied using online program (SHEsis). Significant association was found in a polymorphism in the ROCK1 gene (rs35996865), a polymorphism in ROCK2 gene (rs10178332), a polymorphism in RhoA gene (rs2177268) and two polymorphisms in RhoC gene (rs11102522 and rs11538960) with SSc disease (p < 0.0022). In this study, association between SSc disease and Rho/Rho-kinase gene polymorphisms was investigated for the first time; significant associations between ROCK1, ROCK2, RhoA and RhoC gene polymorphisms and SSc disease were demonstrated. The results strongly suggest that this SNP may be an important risk factor for development of SSc. However, further validation of these findings in an independent cohort is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yavuz Pehlivan
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Uludag University, Görükle Kampusu, 16059, Nilüfer, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Servet Yolbas
- Department of Rheumatology, Fırat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Gozde Yıldırım Cetin
- Department of Rheumatology, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Medicine, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Fatma Alibaz-Oner
- Department of Rheumatology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yonca Cagatay
- Department of Rheumatology, Istanbul Bilim University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Yilmaz
- Department of Rheumatology, Istanbul Bilim University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Serdar Oztuzcu
- Department of Medical Biology, Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Salim Donmez
- Department of Rheumatology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Metin Ozgen
- Department of Rheumatology, Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Suleyman Serdar Koca
- Department of Rheumatology, Fırat University Faculty of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Omer Nuri Pamuk
- Department of Rheumatology, Trakya University Faculty of Medicine, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sayarlıoglu
- Department of Rheumatology, Ondokuz Mayıs University Faculty of Medicine, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Bunyamin Kisacik
- Department of Rheumatology, Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Haner Direskeneli
- Department of Rheumatology, Marmara University Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Ahmet Mesut Onat
- Department of Rheumatology, Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey
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47
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Gerarduzzi C, He Q, Antoniou J, Di Battista JA. Prostaglandin E(2)-dependent blockade of actomyosin and stress fibre formation is mediated through S1379 phosphorylation of ROCK2. J Cell Biochem 2015; 115:1516-27. [PMID: 24610576 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin E2 is a pleiotropic bioactive lipid that controls cytoskeletal alterations, although the precise G-protein coupled EP receptor signalling mechanisms remain ill defined. We adopted a phosphoproteomic approach to characterize post-receptor downstream signalling substrates using antibodies that selectively recognize and immunoprecipitate phosphorylated substrates of a number of kinases. Using human synovial fibroblasts in monolayer cell culture, PGE2 induced rapid and sustained changes in cellular morphology and reduction in cytoplasmic volume that were associated with disassembly of the phalloidin-stained stress fibres as judged by light and confocal microscopy. Furthermore, PGE2 induced a rapid dephosphorylation of myosin light chain II (MLC) at S19 under basal or cytokine-induced conditions that was linked to an activation of myosin light chain phosphatase. The use of specific synthetic EP agonists suggested that the response was mediated by EP2 receptors, as other EP agonists did not manifest the same effect on MLC phosphorylation. In addition, PGE2 induced sustained Y118 dephosphorylation of phospho-paxillin and loss of focal adhesions as observed by confocal microscopy and Western analysis. Phosphoproteomic analysis of PGE2 /GPCR/PKA phosphosubstrates identified a unique, non-redundant, phosphorylated (>30-fold) site on rho-associated coiled coil-containing kinase 2 (ROCK2) at S1379. Analysis of ROCK2 mutant behaviour (e.g. S1379A) in overexpression studies revealed that PGE2 -dependent phosphorylation of ROCK2 resulted in the inhibition of the kinase, since induced MLC phosphorylation was no longer blocked by PGE2 nor could PGE2 induce disassembly of stress fibres. Thus, PGE2 -dependent blockade of actomyosin fibre formation, characteristic of myofibroblasts, may be mediated through specific ROCK2 S1379 phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casimiro Gerarduzzi
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts; Department of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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48
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Knipe RS, Tager AM, Liao JK. The Rho kinases: critical mediators of multiple profibrotic processes and rational targets for new therapies for pulmonary fibrosis. Pharmacol Rev 2015; 67:103-17. [PMID: 25395505 DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.009381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is characterized by progressive lung scarring, short median survival, and limited therapeutic options, creating great need for new pharmacologic therapies. IPF is thought to result from repetitive environmental injury to the lung epithelium, in the context of aberrant host wound healing responses. Tissue responses to injury fundamentally involve reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton of participating cells, including epithelial cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and macrophages. Actin filament assembly and actomyosin contraction are directed by the Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase (ROCK) family of serine/threonine kinases (ROCK1 and ROCK2). As would therefore be expected, lung ROCK activation has been demonstrated in humans with IPF and in animal models of this disease. ROCK inhibitors can prevent fibrosis in these models, and more importantly, induce the regression of already established fibrosis. Here we review ROCK structure and function, upstream activators and downstream targets of ROCKs in pulmonary fibrosis, contributions of ROCKs to profibrotic cellular responses to lung injury, ROCK inhibitors and their efficacy in animal models of pulmonary fibrosis, and potential toxicities of ROCK inhibitors in humans, as well as involvement of ROCKs in fibrosis in other organs. As we discuss, ROCK activation is required for multiple profibrotic responses, in the lung and multiple other organs, suggesting ROCK participation in fundamental pathways that contribute to the pathogenesis of a broad array of fibrotic diseases. Multiple lines of evidence therefore indicate that ROCK inhibition has great potential to be a powerful therapeutic tool in the treatment of fibrosis, both in the lung and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Knipe
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (R.S.K., A.M.T.); and Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (J.K.L.)
| | - Andrew M Tager
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (R.S.K., A.M.T.); and Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (J.K.L.)
| | - James K Liao
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Unit and Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (R.S.K., A.M.T.); and Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois (J.K.L.)
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49
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Abstract
Fibrosis is defined as an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix components that lead to the destruction of organ architecture and impairment of organ function. Moreover, fibrosis is an intricate process attributable to a variety of interlaced fibrogenic signals and intrinsic mechanisms of activation of myofibroblasts. Being the dominant matrix-producing cells in organ fibrosis, myofibroblasts may be differentiated from various types of precursor cells. Identification of the signal pathways that play a key role in the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases may suggest potential therapeutic targets. Here, we emphasize several intracellular signaling pathways that control the activation of myofibroblasts and matrix production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weichun He
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 262 North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210003 China
| | - Chunsun Dai
- Center for Kidney Disease, Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 262 North Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210003 China
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50
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Ciechomska M, van Laar J, O'Reilly S. Current frontiers in systemic sclerosis pathogenesis. Exp Dermatol 2015; 24:401-6. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Ciechomska
- Institute of Cellular Medicine; Newcastle University; Newcastle Upon Tyne UK
- L. Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy; Polish Academy of Science; Wroclaw Poland
| | - Jacob van Laar
- Institute of Cellular Medicine; Newcastle University; Newcastle Upon Tyne UK
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology; University Medical Centre; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Steven O'Reilly
- School of Biological and Biomedical Sciences; Durham University; Durham UK
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