1
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Ali MB, Dreger DL, Buckley RM, Mansoor S, Khan QM, Ostrander EA. Genetic Origins of the Two Canis lupus familiaris (Dog) Freight Dog Populations. J Hered 2022; 113:160-170. [PMID: 35575082 PMCID: PMC9113510 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite periodic drops in popularity, Arctic sled dogs continue to play a vital role in northern societies, providing both freight transit and recreational race activities. In this study, we selected the Mackenzie River Husky, a freight dog of complex history, and the Chinook, an American Kennel Club recognized freight dog breed whose heritage reportedly overlaps that of the MKRH, for detailed population analysis. We tested each to determine their component breeds and used admixture analysis to ascertain their population structure. We utilized haplotype analysis to identify genomic regions shared between each population and their founding breeds. Our data show that the Alaskan Malamutes and modern Greenland sled dog contributed to both populations, but there are also unexpected contributions from the German Shepherd dog and Collie. We used haplotype analysis to identify genomic regions nearing fixation in population type and identify provocative genes in each region. Finally, in response to recent reports regarding the importance of dietary lipid genes in Arctic dogs, we analyzed 8 such genes in a targeted analysis observing signatures of selection in both populations at the MLXIPL gene loci. These data highlight the genetic routes that breeds of similar function have taken toward their occupation as successful sled dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Basil Ali
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Dayna L Dreger
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Building 51, Room 5351, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Reuben M Buckley
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Building 51, Room 5351, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Qaiser M Khan
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE), Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Elaine A Ostrander
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, 50 South Drive, Building 51, Room 5351, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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2
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Pharmaceutical therapeutics for articular regeneration and restoration: state-of-the-art technology for screening small molecular drugs. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:8127-8155. [PMID: 34783870 PMCID: PMC8593173 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03983-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Articular cartilage damage caused by sports injury or osteoarthritis (OA) has gained increased attention as a worldwide health burden. Pharmaceutical treatments are considered cost-effective means of promoting cartilage regeneration, but are limited by their inability to generate sufficient functional chondrocytes and modify disease progression. Small molecular chemical compounds are an abundant source of new pharmaceutical therapeutics for cartilage regeneration, as they have advantages in design, fabrication, and application, and, when used in combination, act as powerful tools for manipulating cellular fate. In this review, we present current achievements in the development of small molecular drugs for cartilage regeneration, particularly in the fields of chondrocyte generation and reversion of chondrocyte degenerative phenotypes. Several clinically or preclinically available small molecules, which have been shown to facilitate chondrogenesis, chondrocyte dedifferentiation, and cellular reprogramming, and subsequently ameliorate cartilage degeneration by targeting inflammation, matrix degradation, metabolism, and epigenetics, are summarized. Notably, this review introduces essential parameters for high-throughput screening strategies, including models of different chondrogenic cell sources, phenotype readout methodologies, and transferable advanced systems from other fields. Overall, this review provides new insights into future pharmaceutical therapies for cartilage regeneration.
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3
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Saric A, Freeman SA, Williamson CD, Jarnik M, Guardia CM, Fernandopulle MS, Gershlick DC, Bonifacino JS. SNX19 restricts endolysosome motility through contacts with the endoplasmic reticulum. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4552. [PMID: 34315878 PMCID: PMC8316374 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24709-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of endolysosomal organelles to move within the cytoplasm is essential for the performance of their functions. Long-range movement involves coupling of the endolysosomes to motor proteins that carry them along microtubule tracks. This movement is influenced by interactions with other organelles, but the mechanisms involved are incompletely understood. Herein we show that the sorting nexin SNX19 tethers endolysosomes to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), decreasing their motility and contributing to their concentration in the perinuclear area of the cell. Tethering depends on two N-terminal transmembrane domains that anchor SNX19 to the ER, and a PX domain that binds to phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate on the endolysosomal membrane. Two other domains named PXA and PXC negatively regulate the interaction of SNX19 with endolysosomes. These studies thus identify a mechanism for controlling the motility and positioning of endolysosomes that involves tethering to the ER by a sorting nexin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amra Saric
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Spencer A Freeman
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chad D Williamson
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michal Jarnik
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos M Guardia
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael S Fernandopulle
- Neurogenetics Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David C Gershlick
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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4
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Amatya B, Lee H, Asico LD, Konkalmatt P, Armando I, Felder RA, Jose PA. SNX-PXA-RGS-PXC Subfamily of SNXs in the Regulation of Receptor-Mediated Signaling and Membrane Trafficking. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052319. [PMID: 33652569 PMCID: PMC7956473 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The SNX-PXA-RGS-PXC subfamily of sorting nexins (SNXs) belongs to the superfamily of SNX proteins. SNXs are characterized by the presence of a common phox-homology (PX) domain, along with other functional domains that play versatile roles in cellular signaling and membrane trafficking. In addition to the PX domain, the SNX-PXA-RGS-PXC subfamily, except for SNX19, contains a unique RGS (regulators of G protein signaling) domain that serves as GTPase activating proteins (GAPs), which accelerates GTP hydrolysis on the G protein α subunit, resulting in termination of G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling. Moreover, the PX domain selectively interacts with phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate and other phosphoinositides found in endosomal membranes, while also associating with various intracellular proteins. Although SNX19 lacks an RGS domain, all members of the SNX-PXA-RGS-PXC subfamily serve as dual regulators of receptor cargo signaling and endosomal trafficking. This review discusses the known and proposed functions of the SNX-PXA-RGS-PXC subfamily and how it participates in receptor signaling (both GPCR and non-GPCR) and endosomal-based membrane trafficking. Furthermore, we discuss the difference of this subfamily of SNXs from other subfamilies, such as SNX-BAR nexins (Bin-Amphiphysin-Rvs) that are associated with retromer or other retrieval complexes for the regulation of receptor signaling and membrane trafficking. Emerging evidence has shown that the dysregulation and malfunction of this subfamily of sorting nexins lead to various pathophysiological processes and disorders, including hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibhas Amatya
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA;
| | - Hewang Lee
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (H.L.); (L.D.A.); (P.K.); (I.A.)
| | - Laureano D. Asico
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (H.L.); (L.D.A.); (P.K.); (I.A.)
| | - Prasad Konkalmatt
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (H.L.); (L.D.A.); (P.K.); (I.A.)
| | - Ines Armando
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (H.L.); (L.D.A.); (P.K.); (I.A.)
| | - Robin A. Felder
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA;
| | - Pedro A. Jose
- Department of Medicine, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (H.L.); (L.D.A.); (P.K.); (I.A.)
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA;
- Department of Pharmacology/Physiology, The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20052, USA
- Correspondence:
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5
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De la Vega RE, Scheu M, Brown LA, Evans CH, Ferreira E, Porter RM. Specific, Sensitive, and Stable Reporting of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Chondrogenesis. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2020; 25:176-190. [PMID: 30727864 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2018.0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT The promoter characterized in this study has been made accessible as a resource for the skeletal tissue engineering and regenerative medicine community. When combined with suitable reporter vectors, the resulting tools can be used for noninvasive and/or high-throughput screening of test conditions for stimulating chondrogenesis by candidate stem/progenitor cells. As demonstrated in this study, they can also be used with small animal imaging platforms to monitor the chondrogenic activity of implanted progenitors within orthotopic models of bone and cartilage repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo E De la Vega
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Maximiliano Scheu
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,3 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Universidad del Desarrollo, Vitacura, Chile
| | - Lennart A Brown
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christopher H Evans
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elisabeth Ferreira
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ryan M Porter
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Center for Advanced Orthopaedic Studies, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts.,2 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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6
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Integrated Multi-Assay Culture Model for Stem Cell Chondrogenic Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040951. [PMID: 30813231 PMCID: PMC6413173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent osteochondral repair strategies highlight the promise of mesenchymal progenitors, an accessible stem cell source with osteogenic and chondrogenic potential, used in conjunction with biomaterials for tissue engineering. For this, regenerative medicine approaches require robust models to ensure selected cell populations can generate the desired cell type in a reproducible and measurable manner. Techniques for in vitro chondrogenic differentiation are well-established but largely qualitative, relying on sample staining and imaging. To facilitate the in vitro screening of pro-chondrogenic treatments, a 3D micropellet culture combined with three quantitative GAG assays has been developed, with a fourth parallel assay measuring sample content to enable normalisation. The effect of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) used to validate this culture format produced a measurable increase in proteoglycan production in the parallel assays, in both 2D and 3D culture configurations. When compared to traditional micropellets, the monolayer format appeared less able to detect changes in cell differentiation, however in-well 3D cultures displayed a significant differential response. Effects on collagen 2 expression confirmed these observations. Based on these results, a microplate format was optimised for 3D culture, in a high-throughput in-well configuration. This model showed improved sensitivity and confirmed the 3D micropellet in-well quantitative assays as an effective differentiation format compatible with streamlined, high-throughput chondrogenic screens.
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7
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Chijimatsu R, Yano F, Saito T, Kobayashi M, Hamamoto S, Kaito T, Kushioka J, Hart DA, Chung U, Tanaka S, Yoshikawa H, Nakamura N. Effect of the small compound
TD
‐198946 on glycosaminoglycan synthesis and transforming growth factor β3‐associated chondrogenesis of human synovium‐derived stem cells in vitro. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:446-458. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Chijimatsu
- Orthopaedic SurgeryOsaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Japan
- Sensory and Motor System MedicineThe University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Fumiko Yano
- Bone and Cartilage Regenerative MedicineThe University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative MedicineThe University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Taku Saito
- Sensory and Motor System MedicineThe University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Masato Kobayashi
- Orthopaedic SurgeryOsaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Japan
| | - Shuichi Hamamoto
- Orthopaedic SurgeryOsaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Japan
| | - Takashi Kaito
- Orthopaedic SurgeryOsaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Japan
| | - Junichi Kushioka
- Orthopaedic SurgeryOsaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Japan
| | - David A. Hart
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint HealthUniversity of Calgary Calgary Alberta Canada
| | - Ung‐il Chung
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative MedicineThe University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Sensory and Motor System MedicineThe University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Hideki Yoshikawa
- Orthopaedic SurgeryOsaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Japan
| | - Norimasa Nakamura
- Orthopaedic SurgeryOsaka University Graduate School of Medicine Suita Japan
- Global Center of Medical Engineering and InformaticsOsaka University Suita Japan
- Institute for Medical Science in SportsOsaka Health Science University Osaka Japan
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8
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Martin-Pena A, Porter R, Plumton G, McCarrel T, Morton A, Guijarro M, Ghivizzani S, Sharma B, Palmer G. Lentiviral-based reporter constructs for profiling chondrogenic activity in primary equine cell populations. Eur Cell Mater 2018; 36:156-170. [PMID: 30311630 PMCID: PMC6788286 DOI: 10.22203/ecm.v036a12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful clinical translation of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies for cartilage repair will likely require the implementation of standardised protocols and broadly applicable tools to facilitate the comparisons among cell types and chondroinduction methods. The present study investigated the utility of recombinant lentiviral reporter vectors as reliable tools for comparing chondrogenic potential among primary cell populations and distinguishing cellular-level variations of chondrogenic activity in widely used three-dimensional (3D) culture systems. Primary equine MSCs and chondrocytes were transduced with vectors containing combinations of fluorescent and luciferase reporter genes under constitutive cytomeglavirus (CMV) or chondrocyte-lineage (Col2) promoters. Reporter activity was measured by fluorescence imaging and luciferase assay. In 3D cultures of MSC aggregates and polyethylene glycol-hyaluronic acid (PEG-HA) hydrogels, transforming growth factor beta 3 (TGF-β3)-mediated chondroinduction increased Col2 reporter activity, demonstrating close correlation with histology and mRNA expression levels of COL2A1 and SOX9. Comparison of chondrogenic activities among MSC populations using a secretable luciferase reporter revealed enhanced chondrogenesis in bone-marrow-derived MSCs relative to MSC populations from synovium and adipose tissues. A dual fluorescence reporter - enabling discrimination of highly chondrogenic (Col2-GFP) cells within an MSC population (CMV-tdTomato) - revealed marked heterogeneity in differentiating aggregate cultures and identified chondrogenic cells in chondrocyte-seeded PEG-HA hydrogels after 6 weeks in a subcutaneous implant model - indicating stable, long-term reporter expression in vivo. These results suggested that lentiviral reporter vectors may be used to address fundamental questions regarding chondrogenic activity in chondroprogenitor cell populations and accelerate clinical translation of cell-based cartilage repair strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Martin-Pena
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University
of Florida, Gainesville, Florida USA
| | - R.M. Porter
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Arkansas, Little
Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - G Plumton
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of
Florida, Gainesville, Florida USA
| | - T.M. McCarrel
- College of Veterinary Sciences, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida USA
| | - A.J. Morton
- College of Veterinary Sciences, University of Florida,
Gainesville, Florida USA
| | - M.V. Guijarro
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of
Florida, Gainesville, Florida USA
| | - S.C. Ghivizzani
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University
of Florida, Gainesville, Florida USA
| | - B. Sharma
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Arkansas, Little
Rock, Arkansas, USA
| | - G.D. Palmer
- Department of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University
of Florida, Gainesville, Florida USA,Address for correspondence: Glyn Palmer, Ph.D,
Dept of Orthopaedics and Rehabilitation, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer
Rd, MSB, M2-235, Gainesville, FL 32610, Telephone: +1 352 273 7087, Fax: +1 352
273 7427,
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9
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Tay LM, Wiraja C, Yeo DC, Wu Y, Yang Z, Chuah YJ, Lee EH, Kang Y, Xu C. Noninvasive Monitoring of Three-Dimensional Chondrogenic Constructs Using Molecular Beacon Nanosensors. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:12-20. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2016.0320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li Min Tay
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Nanyang Institute of Technology in Health & Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Christian Wiraja
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - David C. Yeo
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yingnan Wu
- Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Zheng Yang
- Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yon Jin Chuah
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng Hin Lee
- Tissue Engineering Program, Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yuejun Kang
- Faculty of Materials and Energy, Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenjie Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- NTU-Northwestern Institute for Nanomedicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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Diaz-Romero J, Kürsener S, Kohl S, Nesic D. S100B + A1 CELISA: A Novel Potency Assay and Screening Tool for Redifferentiation Stimuli of Human Articular Chondrocytes. J Cell Physiol 2016; 232:1559-1570. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jose Diaz-Romero
- Osteoarticular Research Group; Department of Clinical Research; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Sibylle Kürsener
- Osteoarticular Research Group; Department of Clinical Research; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Sandro Kohl
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology; Inselspital; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Dobrila Nesic
- Osteoarticular Research Group; Department of Clinical Research; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology; Inselspital; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
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11
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Niu N, Shao R, Yan G, Zou W. Bromodomain and Extra-terminal (BET) Protein Inhibitors Suppress Chondrocyte Differentiation and Restrain Bone Growth. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:26647-26657. [PMID: 27821592 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.749697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecule inhibitors for bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins have recently emerged as potential therapeutic agents in clinical trials for various cancers. However, to date, it is unknown whether these inhibitors have side effects on bone structures. Here, we report that inhibition of BET bromodomain proteins may suppress chondrocyte differentiation and restrain bone growth. We generated a luciferase reporter system using the chondrogenic cell line ATDC5 in which the luciferase gene was driven by the promoter of Col2a1, an elementary collagen of the chondrocyte. The Col2a1-luciferase ATDC5 system was used for rapidly screening both activators and repressors of human collagen Col2a1 gene expression, and we found that BET bromodomain inhibitors reduce the Col2a1-luciferase. Consistent with the luciferase assay, BET inhibitors decrease the expression of Col2a1 Furthermore, we constructed a zebrafish line in which the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) expression was driven by col2a1 promoter. The transgenic (col2a1-EGFP) zebrafish line demonstrated that BET inhibitors I-BET151 and (+)-JQ1 may affect EGFP expression in zebrafish. Furthermore, we found that I-BET151 and (+)-JQ1 may affect chondrocyte differentiation in vitro and inhibit zebrafish growth in vivo Mechanistic analysis revealed that BET inhibitors influenced the depletion of RNA polymerase II from the Col2a1 promoter. Collectively, these results suggest that BET bromodomain inhibition may have side effects on skeletal bone structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Niu
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Rui Shao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Guang Yan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Weiguo Zou
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China
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12
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He X, Ohba S, Hojo H, McMahon AP. AP-1 family members act with Sox9 to promote chondrocyte hypertrophy. Development 2016; 143:3012-23. [PMID: 27471255 DOI: 10.1242/dev.134502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An analysis of Sox9 binding profiles in developing chondrocytes identified marked enrichment of an AP-1-like motif. Here, we have explored the functional interplay between Sox9 and AP-1 in mammalian chondrocyte development. Among AP-1 family members, Jun and Fosl2 were highly expressed within prehypertrophic and early hypertrophic chondrocytes. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq) showed a striking overlap in Jun- and Sox9-bound regions throughout the chondrocyte genome, reflecting direct binding of each factor to the same enhancers and a potential for protein-protein interactions within AP-1- and Sox9-containing complexes. In vitro reporter analysis indicated that direct co-binding of Sox9 and AP-1 at target motifs promoted gene activity. By contrast, where only one factor can engage its DNA target, the presence of the other factor suppresses target activation consistent with protein-protein interactions attenuating transcription. Analysis of prehypertrophic chondrocyte removal of Sox9 confirmed the requirement of Sox9 for hypertrophic chondrocyte development, and in vitro and ex vivo analyses showed that AP-1 promotes chondrocyte hypertrophy. Sox9 and Jun co-bound and co-activated a Col10a1 enhancer in Sox9 and AP-1 motif-dependent manners consistent with their combined action promoting hypertrophic gene expression. Together, the data support a model in which AP-1 family members contribute to Sox9 action in the transition of chondrocytes to the hypertrophic program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjun He
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, W.M. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Bioengineering, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, W.M. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, W.M. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
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13
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Maruani A, Huguet G, Beggiato A, ElMaleh M, Toro R, Leblond CS, Mathieu A, Amsellem F, Lemière N, Verloes A, Leboyer M, Gillberg C, Bourgeron T, Delorme R. 11q24.2-25 micro-rearrangements in autism spectrum disorders: Relation to brain structures. Am J Med Genet A 2015; 167A:3019-30. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maruani
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions; Institut Pasteur; Paris France
- CNRS URA 2182; Institut Pasteur; Paris France
- Department of Child Psychiatry; Robert Debré Hospital, APHP; Paris France
| | - Guillaume Huguet
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions; Institut Pasteur; Paris France
- CNRS URA 2182; Institut Pasteur; Paris France
| | - Anita Beggiato
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions; Institut Pasteur; Paris France
- CNRS URA 2182; Institut Pasteur; Paris France
- Department of Child Psychiatry; Robert Debré Hospital, APHP; Paris France
| | - Monique ElMaleh
- Department of Radiology; Robert Debré Hospital, APHP; Paris France
| | - Roberto Toro
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions; Institut Pasteur; Paris France
- CNRS URA 2182; Institut Pasteur; Paris France
| | - Claire S. Leblond
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions; Institut Pasteur; Paris France
- CNRS URA 2182; Institut Pasteur; Paris France
| | - Alexandre Mathieu
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions; Institut Pasteur; Paris France
- CNRS URA 2182; Institut Pasteur; Paris France
| | | | - Nathalie Lemière
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions; Institut Pasteur; Paris France
- CNRS URA 2182; Institut Pasteur; Paris France
| | - Alain Verloes
- Department of Human Genetics; Robert Debré Hospital, APHP; Paris France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- INSERM U955, Team 15; Faculty of Medicine; Creteil France
- Department of Adult Psychiatry; Henri Mondor-Albert Chenevier Hospitals AP-HP; Creteil France
- Fondation FondaMental; French National Science Foundation; Creteil France
| | - Christopher Gillberg
- Gillberg Neuropsychiatry Centre; Gothenburg University; Göteborg Sweden
- Saint George's Hospital Medical School; London United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Bourgeron
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions; Institut Pasteur; Paris France
- CNRS URA 2182; Institut Pasteur; Paris France
- Diderot Paris 7; University Paris; Paris France
| | - Richard Delorme
- Human Genetics and Cognitive Functions; Institut Pasteur; Paris France
- CNRS URA 2182; Institut Pasteur; Paris France
- Department of Child Psychiatry; Robert Debré Hospital, APHP; Paris France
- Fondation FondaMental; French National Science Foundation; Creteil France
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14
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Ohba S, He X, Hojo H, McMahon AP. Distinct Transcriptional Programs Underlie Sox9 Regulation of the Mammalian Chondrocyte. Cell Rep 2015; 12:229-43. [PMID: 26146088 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Sox9 encodes an essential transcriptional regulator of chondrocyte specification and differentiation. When Sox9 nuclear activity was compared with markers of chromatin organization and transcriptional activity in primary chondrocytes, we identified two distinct categories of target association. Class I sites cluster around the transcriptional start sites of highly expressed genes with no chondrocyte-specific signature. Here, Sox9 association reflects protein-protein association with basal transcriptional components. Class II sites highlight evolutionarily conserved active enhancers that direct chondrocyte-related gene activity through the direct binding of Sox9 dimer complexes to DNA. Sox9 binds through sites with sub-optimal binding affinity; the number and grouping of enhancers into super-enhancer clusters likely determines the levels of target gene expression. Interestingly, comparison of Sox9 action in distinct chondrocyte lineages points to similar regulatory strategies. In addition to providing insights into Sox family action, our comprehensive identification of the chondrocyte regulatory genome will facilitate the study of skeletal development and human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinsuke Ohba
- Department of Bioengineering, the University of Tokyo Graduate School of Engineering, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Xinjun He
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad-CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, W.M. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad-CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, W.M. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Andrew P McMahon
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Eli and Edythe Broad-CIRM Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, W.M. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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15
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Mačiulaitis J, Deveikytė M, Rekštytė S, Bratchikov M, Darinskas A, Šimbelytė A, Daunoras G, Laurinavičienė A, Laurinavičius A, Gudas R, Malinauskas M, Mačiulaitis R. Preclinical study of SZ2080 material 3D microstructured scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering made by femtosecond direct laser writing lithography. Biofabrication 2015; 7:015015. [PMID: 25797444 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/7/1/015015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade DLW employing ultrafast pulsed lasers has become a well-established technique for the creation of custom-made free-form three-dimensional (3D) microscaffolds out of a variety of materials ranging from proteins to biocompatible glasses. Its potential applications for manufacturing a patient's specific scaffold seem unlimited in terms of spatial resolution and geometry complexity. However, despite few exceptions in which live cells or primitive organisms were encapsulated into a polymer matrix, no demonstration of an in vivo study case of scaffolds generated with the use of such a method was performed. Here, we report a preclinical study of 3D artificial microstructured scaffolds out of hybrid organic-inorganic (HOI) material SZ2080 fabricated using the DLW technique. The created 2.1 × 2.1 × 0.21 mm(3) membrane constructs are tested both in vitro by growing isolated allogeneic rabbit chondrocytes (Cho) and in vivo by implanting them into rabbit organisms for one, three and six months. An ex vivo histological examination shows that certain pore geometry and the pre-growing of Cho prior to implantation significantly improves the performance of the created 3D scaffolds. The achieved biocompatibility is comparable to the commercially available collagen membranes. The successful outcome of this study supports the idea that hexagonal-pore-shaped HOI microstructured scaffolds in combination with Cho seeding may be successfully implemented for cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justinas Mačiulaitis
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Academy, Lithuanian Health Science University, Mickevičiaus 9, LT 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania. Institute of Sports, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Science, Kalniečių 231, LT 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania. Orthopaedic and Trauma Department, Lithuanian Health Science University, Mickevičiaus 9, LT 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
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16
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Mas C, Norwood SJ, Bugarcic A, Kinna G, Leneva N, Kovtun O, Ghai R, Ona Yanez LE, Davis JL, Teasdale RD, Collins BM. Structural basis for different phosphoinositide specificities of the PX domains of sorting nexins regulating G-protein signaling. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:28554-68. [PMID: 25148684 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.595959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorting nexins (SNXs) or phox homology (PX) domain containing proteins are central regulators of cell trafficking and signaling. A subfamily of PX domain proteins possesses two unique PX-associated domains, as well as a regulator of G protein-coupled receptor signaling (RGS) domain that attenuates Gαs-coupled G protein-coupled receptor signaling. Here we delineate the structural organization of these RGS-PX proteins, revealing a protein family with a modular architecture that is conserved in all eukaryotes. The one exception to this is mammalian SNX19, which lacks the typical RGS structure but preserves all other domains. The PX domain is a sensor of membrane phosphoinositide lipids and we find that specific sequence alterations in the PX domains of the mammalian RGS-PX proteins, SNX13, SNX14, SNX19, and SNX25, confer differential phosphoinositide binding preferences. Although SNX13 and SNX19 PX domains bind the early endosomal lipid phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate, SNX14 shows no membrane binding at all. Crystal structures of the SNX19 and SNX14 PX domains reveal key differences, with alterations in SNX14 leading to closure of the binding pocket to prevent phosphoinositide association. Our findings suggest a role for alternative membrane interactions in spatial control of RGS-PX proteins in cell signaling and trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Mas
- From the Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Suzanne J Norwood
- From the Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Andrea Bugarcic
- From the Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Genevieve Kinna
- From the Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Natalya Leneva
- From the Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Oleksiy Kovtun
- From the Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Rajesh Ghai
- From the Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Lorena E Ona Yanez
- From the Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Jasmine L Davis
- From the Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Rohan D Teasdale
- From the Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Brett M Collins
- From the Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
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17
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Saito T, Yano F, Mori D, Ohba S, Hojo H, Otsu M, Eto K, Nakauchi H, Tanaka S, Chung UI, Kawaguchi H. Generation of Col2a1-EGFP iPS cells for monitoring chondrogenic differentiation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e74137. [PMID: 24066106 PMCID: PMC3774617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0074137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) are a promising cell source for cartilage regenerative medicine; however, the methods for chondrocyte induction from iPSC are currently developing and not yet sufficient for clinical application. Here, we report the establishment of a fluorescent indicator system for monitoring chondrogenic differentiation from iPSC to simplify screening for effective factors that induce chondrocytes from iPSC. We generated iPSC from embryonic fibroblasts of Col2a1-EGFP transgenic mice by retroviral transduction of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. Among the 30 clones of Col2a1-EGFP iPSC we established, two clones showed high expression levels of embryonic stem cell (ESC) marker genes, similar to control ESC. A teratoma formation assay showed that the two clones were pluripotent and differentiated into cell types from all three germ layers. The fluorescent signal was observed during chondrogenic differentiation of the two clones concomitant with the increase in chondrocyte marker expression. In conclusion, Col2a1-EGFP iPSC are useful for monitoring chondrogenic differentiation and will contribute to research in cartilage regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Saito
- Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Fumiko Yano
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Bone and Cartilage Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Ohba
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Hojo
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Otsu
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Eto
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Clinical Application Department, Center for iPS Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Division of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sakae Tanaka
- Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ung-il Chung
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kawaguchi
- Sensory & Motor System Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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18
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Abstract
Tissue engineering (TE) has promise as a biological solution and a disease modifying treatment for arthritis. Although cartilage can be generated by TE, substantial inter- and intra-donor variability makes it impossible to guarantee optimal, reproducible results. TE cartilage must be able to perform the functions of native tissue, thus mechanical and biological properties approaching those of native cartilage are likely a pre-requisite for successful implantation. A quality-control assessment of these properties should be part of the implantation release criteria for TE cartilage. Release criteria should certify that selected tissue properties have reached certain target ranges, and should be predictive of the likelihood of success of an implant in vivo. Unfortunately, it is not currently known which properties are needed to establish release criteria, nor how close one has to be to the properties of native cartilage to achieve success. Achieving properties approaching those of native cartilage requires a clear understanding of the target properties and reproducible assessment methodology. Here, we review several main aspects of quality control as it applies to TE cartilage. This includes a look at known mechanical and biological properties of native cartilage, which should be the target in engineered tissues. We also present an overview of the state of the art of tissue assessment, focusing on native articular and TE cartilage. Finally, we review the arguments for developing and validating non-destructive testing methods for assessing TE products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M. Mansour
- Skeletal Research Center, Department of Biology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH, 44106
| | - Jean F. Welter
- Skeletal Research Center, Department of Biology Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH, 44106
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19
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Niemeyer P, Pestka JM, Salzmann GM, Südkamp NP, Schmal H. Influence of cell quality on clinical outcome after autologous chondrocyte implantation. Am J Sports Med 2012; 40:556-61. [PMID: 22174342 DOI: 10.1177/0363546511428879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several factors influence clinical outcome after autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) for the treatment of cartilage defects of the knee joint. HYPOTHESIS/PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of cell quality on clinical outcome after ACI. The hypothesis of the authors was that cell quality at the time of transplantation influences clinical outcome after ACI for cartilage defects. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS A total of 80 patients were included in the present study. Knee function was assessed before surgery as well as 6, 12, and 24 months after ACI using standard instruments (International Knee Documentation Committee [IKDC], Lysholm, and Tegner scores). Cell quality was evaluated by determination of antigen expression of CD44 expression, aggrecan, collagen type II, and cell viability. A linear regression analysis including preoperative knee function, defect size, defect location, defect origin, body mass index, patient age, and other parameters was performed to evaluate the influence of these parameters on postoperative knee function. RESULTS Preoperative IKDC score increased from 49.6 ± 13.8 points to 75.5 ± 14.6 points at 24 months (P < .05). Postoperative IKDC score at 6, 12, and 24 months was significantly influenced by collagen type II expression, CD44 expression, and cell viability (all P < .05). No correlation between aggrecan and outcome was found. Quantitative influence of individual factors differed between different time points. CONCLUSION Cell quality seems to be one of many factors that influences clinical outcome after ACI in patients with cartilage defects of the knee joint. It constitutes one aspect among various others affecting clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Niemeyer
- Freiburg University Hospital, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Hugstetter Str. 55, 791016 Freiburg, Germany.
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20
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Insights into the PX (phox-homology) domain and SNX (sorting nexin) protein families: structures, functions and roles in disease. Biochem J 2011; 441:39-59. [DOI: 10.1042/bj20111226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian genome encodes 49 proteins that possess a PX (phox-homology) domain, responsible for membrane attachment to organelles of the secretory and endocytic system via binding of phosphoinositide lipids. The PX domain proteins, most of which are classified as SNXs (sorting nexins), constitute an extremely diverse family of molecules that play varied roles in membrane trafficking, cell signalling, membrane remodelling and organelle motility. In the present review, we present an overview of the family, incorporating recent functional and structural insights, and propose an updated classification of the proteins into distinct subfamilies on the basis of these insights. Almost all PX domain proteins bind PtdIns3P and are recruited to early endosomal membranes. Although other specificities and localizations have been reported for a select few family members, the molecular basis for binding to other lipids is still not clear. The PX domain is also emerging as an important protein–protein interaction domain, binding endocytic and exocytic machinery, transmembrane proteins and many other molecules. A comprehensive survey of the molecular interactions governed by PX proteins highlights the functional diversity of the family as trafficking cargo adaptors and membrane-associated scaffolds regulating cell signalling. Finally, we examine the mounting evidence linking PX proteins to different disorders, in particular focusing on their emerging importance in both pathogen invasion and amyloid production in Alzheimer's disease.
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21
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Kim HA, Jung HA, Kim TY. Identification of Genes Regulated by IL-1β Using Integrative microRNA and mRNA Genomic Analysis in Human Articular Chondrocytes. JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES 2011. [DOI: 10.4078/jrd.2011.18.4.264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ah Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Hyun A Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Tae Young Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
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22
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Hojo H, Yano F, Ohba S, Igawa K, Nakajima K, Komiyama Y, Kan A, Ikeda T, Yonezawa T, Woo JT, Takato T, Nakamura K, Kawaguchi H, Chung UI. Identification of oxytetracycline as a chondrogenic compound using a cell-based screening system. J Bone Miner Metab 2010; 28:627-33. [PMID: 20376510 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-010-0179-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To effectively treat degenerative joint diseases including osteoarthritis (OA), small chemical compounds need to be developed that can potently induce chondrogenic differentiation without promoting terminal differentiation. For this purpose, we screened natural and synthetic compound libraries using a Col2GFP-ATDC5 system and identified oxytetracycline (Oxy) as a chondrogenic compound. Oxy induced cartilaginous matrix synthesis and mRNA expressions of chondrocyte markers in ATDC5 cells. In addition, Oxy suppressed mineralization and mRNA expressions of terminal chondrocyte differentiation markers in ATDC5 cells, primary chondrocytes, and cultured metatarsal bones. Oxy's induction of Col2 mRNA expression was decreased by the addition of Noggin and was increased by the addition of BMP2. Furthermore, Oxy increased mRNA expression of Id1, Bmp2, Bmp4, and Bmp6. These data suggest that Oxy induces chondrogenic differentiation in a BMP-dependent manner and suppresses terminal differentiation. Oxy may be useful for treatment of OA and also for regeneration of cartilage tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hironori Hojo
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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23
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Qin J, Li WQ, Zhang L, Chen F, Liang WH, Mao FF, Zhang XM, Lahn BT, Yu WH, Xiang AP. A stem cell-based tool for small molecule screening in adipogenesis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13014. [PMID: 20885962 PMCID: PMC2946407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Techniques for small molecule screening are widely used in biological mechanism study and drug discovery. Here, we reported a novel adipocyte differentiation assay for small molecule selection, based on human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) transduced with fluorescence reporter gene driven by adipogenic specific promoter - adipocyte Protein 2 (aP2; also namely Fatty Acid Binding Protein 4, FABP4). During normal adipogenic induction as well as adipogenic inhibition by Ly294002, we confirmed that the intensity of green fluorescence protein corresponded well to the expression level of aP2 gene. Furthermore, this variation of green fluorescence protein intensity can be read simply through fluorescence spectrophotometer. By testing another two small molecules in adipogenesis –Troglitazone and CHIR99021, we proved that this is a simple and sensitive method, which could be applied in adipocyte biology, drug discovery and toxicological study in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qin
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Qiang Li
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Fei Chen
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Hua Liang
- Zhongshan Medical School, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Frank Fuxiang Mao
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Xiu-Ming Zhang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Bruce T. Lahn
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Wei-Hua Yu
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (APX); (WHY)
| | - Andy Peng Xiang
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Cell Therapy Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (APX); (WHY)
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