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Nishihata SY, Shimizu T, Umeda M, Furukawa K, Ohyama K, Kawakami A, Nakamura H. The Toll-like Receptor 7-Mediated Ro52 Antigen-Presenting Pathway in the Salivary Gland Epithelial Cells of Sjögren's Syndrome. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4423. [PMID: 37445456 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether stimulation with toll-like receptor (TLR) 7 leads to pathways that proceed to tripartite motif-containing protein 21 (TRIM21) or Ro52/SS-A antigen presentation through major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I in salivary gland epithelial cells (SGECs) from Sjögren's syndrome (SS) patients. DESIGN AND METHODS Cultured SGECs from SS patients were stimulated with TLR7 agonist, loxoribine, and interferon-β. Cell lysates immunoprecipitated by anti-MHC class I antibody were analyzed by Western blotting. The immunofluorescence of salivary gland tissue from SS and non-SS subjects and cultured TLR7-stimulated SGECs was examined. RESULTS Significantly increased MHC class I expression was observed in SS patients' ducts versus non-SS ducts; no significant difference was detected for ubiquitin. Upregulated MHC class I in the cell membrane and cytoplasm and augmented Ro52 expression were observed in SGECs stimulated with TLR7. The formation of peptide-loading complex (PLC), including tapasin, calreticulin, transporter associated with antigen processing 1, and endoplasmic reticulum-resident protein 57 in labial salivary glands (LSGs) from SS patients, was dominantly observed and colocalized with MHC class I, which was confirmed in TLR7-stimulated SGEC samples. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that the TLR7 stimulation of SS patients' SGECs advances the process toward the antigen presentation of TRIM21/Ro52-SS-A via MHC class I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-Ya Nishihata
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Toshimasa Shimizu
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Masataka Umeda
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kaori Furukawa
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Kaname Ohyama
- Department of Molecular Pathochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawakami
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakamura
- Department of Immunology and Rheumatology, Division of Advanced Preventive Medical Sciences, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8501, Japan
- Division of Hematology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan
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Kanaji S, Chen W, Morodomi Y, Shapiro R, Kanaji T, Yang XL. Mechanistic perspectives on anti-aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase syndrome. Trends Biochem Sci 2023; 48:288-302. [PMID: 36280495 PMCID: PMC9974581 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Antisynthetase syndrome (ASSD) is an autoimmune disease characterized by circulating autoantibodies against one of eight aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs). Although these autoantibodies are believed to play critical roles in ASSD pathogenesis, the nature of their roles remains unclear. Here we describe ASSD pathogenesis and discuss ASSD-linked aaRSs - from the WHEP domain that may impart immunogenicity to the role of tRNA in eliciting the innate immune response and the secretion of aaRSs from cells. Through these explorations, we propose that ASSD pathogenesis involves the tissue-specific secretion of aaRSs and that extracellular tRNAs or tRNA fragments and their ability to engage Toll-like receptor signaling may be important disease factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Kanaji
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Wenqian Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Yosuke Morodomi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Ryan Shapiro
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Taisuke Kanaji
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Xiang-Lei Yang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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Bolko L, Jiang W, Tawara N, Landon‐Cardinal O, Anquetil C, Benveniste O, Allenbach Y. The role of interferons type I, II and III in myositis: A review. Brain Pathol 2021; 31:e12955. [PMID: 34043262 PMCID: PMC8412069 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The classification of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) is based on clinical, serological and histological criteria. The identification of myositis-specific antibodies has helped to define more homogeneous groups of myositis into four dominant subsets: dermatomyositis (DM), antisynthetase syndrome (ASyS), sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) and immune-mediated necrotising myopathy (IMNM). sIBM and IMNM patients present predominantly with muscle involvement, whereas DM and ASyS patients present additionally with other extramuscular features, such as skin, lung and joints manifestations. Moreover, the pathophysiological mechanisms are distinct between each myositis subsets. Recently, interferon (IFN) pathways have been identified as key players implicated in the pathophysiology of myositis. In DM, the key role of IFN, especially type I IFN, has been supported by the identification of an IFN signature in muscle, blood and skin of DM patients. In addition, DM-specific antibodies are targeting antigens involved in the IFN signalling pathways. The pathogenicity of type I IFN has been demonstrated by the identification of mutations in the IFN pathways leading to genetic diseases, the monogenic interferonopathies. This constitutive activation of IFN signalling pathways induces systemic manifestations such as interstitial lung disease, myositis and skin rashes. Since DM patients share similar features in the context of an acquired activation of the IFN signalling pathways, we may extend underlying concepts of monogenic diseases to acquired interferonopathy such as DM. Conversely, in ASyS, available data suggest a role of type II IFN in blood, muscle and lung. Indeed, transcriptomic analyses highlighted a type II IFN gene expression in ASyS muscle tissue. In sIBM, type II IFN appears to be an important cytokine involved in muscle inflammation mechanisms and potentially linked to myodegenerative features. For IMNM, currently published data are scarce, suggesting a minor implication of type II IFN. This review highlights the involvement of different IFN subtypes and their specific molecular mechanisms in each myositis subset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïs Bolko
- Division of RheumatologyHopital Maison BlancheReimsFrance
| | - Wei Jiang
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical ImmunlogySorbonne UniversitéPitié‐Salpêtrière University HospitalParisFrance
- Centre de Recherche en MyologieUMRS974Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleAssociation Institut de MyologieSorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Nozomu Tawara
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical ImmunlogySorbonne UniversitéPitié‐Salpêtrière University HospitalParisFrance
- Centre de Recherche en MyologieUMRS974Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleAssociation Institut de MyologieSorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Océane Landon‐Cardinal
- Division of RheumatologyCentre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM)CHUM Research CenterMontréalQCCanada
- Department of MedicineUniversité de MontréalMontréalQCCanada
| | - Céline Anquetil
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical ImmunlogySorbonne UniversitéPitié‐Salpêtrière University HospitalParisFrance
- Centre de Recherche en MyologieUMRS974Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleAssociation Institut de MyologieSorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Olivier Benveniste
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical ImmunlogySorbonne UniversitéPitié‐Salpêtrière University HospitalParisFrance
- Centre de Recherche en MyologieUMRS974Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleAssociation Institut de MyologieSorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
| | - Yves Allenbach
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical ImmunlogySorbonne UniversitéPitié‐Salpêtrière University HospitalParisFrance
- Centre de Recherche en MyologieUMRS974Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche MédicaleAssociation Institut de MyologieSorbonne UniversitéParisFrance
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Opinc AH, Makowska JS. Antisynthetase syndrome - much more than just a myopathy. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2020; 51:72-83. [PMID: 33360231 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to summarize current knowledge on antisynthetase syndrome (ASS), including its epidemiology, pathogenesis, proposed so far diagnostic criteria, heterogeneity of clinical manifestations, prognostic factors and therapeutic possibilities. PubMed database was screened for "antisynthetase syndrome" OR "antisynthetase antibodies" between February and April 2020. Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases participate in the immune system activation as antigens, but also serve chemoattractive and cytokine-resembling roles, initiating innate and adaptive pathways. Exposure to various inhaled antigens may induce the autoimmune cascade leading to ASS. NK cells with its impaired INF-y production as well as formation of NETs by neutrophils contribute to pathogenesis. The prevalence of symptoms vary significantly depending on the study with muscular, articular and pulmonary involvement being the most frequently observed. Although classified as subtype of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies, myositis may not necessarily be the prominent manifestation. Since clinical presentation is heterogeneous and symptoms can emerge gradually, ASS could be considered as a heterogeneous spectrum rather than a homogenous disease entity. The currently available classification criteria do not fully correspond with the clinical patterns of the disease. Therapy is based on glucocorticosteroids and other immunosuppressive agents. Randomized controlled trials, dedicated for patients with ASS, are needed to form treatment algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Samanta Makowska
- Department of Rheumatology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Pieniny 30, 92-115 Łódź, Poland.
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Kinder TB, Heier CR, Tully CB, Van der Muelen JH, Hoffman EP, Nagaraju K, Fiorillo AA. Muscle Weakness in Myositis: MicroRNA-Mediated Dystrophin Reduction in a Myositis Mouse Model and Human Muscle Biopsies. Arthritis Rheumatol 2020; 72:1170-1183. [PMID: 32009304 PMCID: PMC7384101 DOI: 10.1002/art.41215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective Muscle inflammation is a feature in myositis and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Autoimmune mechanisms are thought to contribute to muscle weakness in patients with myositis. However, a lack of correlation between the extent of inflammatory cell infiltration and muscle weakness indicates that nonimmune pathologic mechanisms may play a role. The present study focused on 2 microRNA (miRNA) sets previously identified as being elevated in the muscle of patients with DMD—an “inflammatory” miRNA set that is dampened with glucocorticoids, and a “dystrophin‐targeting” miRNA set that inhibits dystrophin translation—to test the hypothesis that these miRNAs are similarly dysregulated in the muscle of patients with myositis, and could contribute to muscle weakness and disease severity. Methods A major histocompatibility complex class I–transgenic mouse model of myositis was utilized to study gene and miRNA expression and histologic features in the muscle tissue, with the findings validated in human muscle biopsy tissue from 6 patients with myositis. Mice were classified as having mild or severe myositis based on transgene expression, body weight, histologic disease severity, and muscle strength/weakness. Results In mice with severe myositis, muscle tissue showed mononuclear cell infiltration along with elevated expression of type I interferon and NF‐κB–regulated genes, including Tlr7 (3.8‐fold increase, P < 0.05). Furthermore, mice with severe myositis showed elevated expression of inflammatory miRNAs (miR‐146a, miR‐142‐3p, miR‐142‐5p, miR‐455‐3p, and miR‐455‐5p; ~3–40‐fold increase, P < 0.05) and dystrophin‐targeting miRNAs (miR‐146a, miR‐146b, miR‐31, and miR‐223; ~3–38‐fold increase, P < 0.05). Bioinformatics analyses of chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP‐seq) data identified at least one NF‐κB consensus element within the promoter/enhancer regions of these miRNAs. Western blotting and immunofluorescence analyses of the muscle tissue from mice with severe myositis demonstrated reduced levels of dystrophin. In addition, elevated levels of NF‐κB–regulated genes, TLR7, and miRNAs along with reduced dystrophin levels were observed in muscle biopsy tissue from patients with histologically severe myositis. Conclusion These data demonstrate that an acquired dystrophin deficiency may occur through NF‐κB–regulated miRNAs in myositis, thereby suggesting a unifying theme in which muscle injury, inflammation, and weakness are perpetuated both in myositis and in DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travis B Kinder
- George Washington University and Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | - Christopher R Heier
- George Washington University and Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
| | | | | | - Eric P Hoffman
- Binghamton University, Binghampton, New York, and ReveraGen BioPharma, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Kanneboyina Nagaraju
- Binghamton University, Binghampton, New York, and ReveraGen BioPharma, Rockville, Maryland
| | - Alyson A Fiorillo
- George Washington University and Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC
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Roles of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in immune regulation and immune diseases. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:901. [PMID: 31780718 PMCID: PMC6883034 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-2145-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) play a vital role in protein synthesis by linking amino acids to their cognate transfer RNAs (tRNAs). This typical function has been well recognized over the past few decades. However, accumulating evidence reveals that ARSs are involved in a wide range of physiological and pathological processes apart from translation. Strikingly, certain ARSs are closely related to different types of immune responses. In this review, we address the infection and immune responses induced by pathogen ARSs, as well as the potential anti-infective compounds that target pathogen ARSs. Meanwhile, we describe the functional mechanisms of ARSs in the development of immune cells. In addition, we focus on the roles of ARSs in certain immune diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and tumor immunity. Although our knowledge of ARSs in the immunological context is still in its infancy, research in this field may provide new ideas for the treatment of immune-related diseases.
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Gallay L, Gayed C, Hervier B. Antisynthetase syndrome pathogenesis: knowledge and uncertainties. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2019; 30:664-673. [PMID: 30239350 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Antisynthetase syndrome (ASyS) is an acquired myopathy characterized by the presence of myositis-specific autoantibodies directed against tRNA-synthetases. ASyS is potentially life threatening due to lung involvement and treatment remains a challenge to date. With symptoms not limited to muscles but also involving lung, skin and joints, ASyS appears specific and has a particular pathogenesis, different from the other inflammatory myopathies. This review is intended to discuss the current understanding of ASyS pathogenesis, pointing its current knowledge and also the crucial prospects that may lead to critical improvement of ASyS care. RECENT FINDINGS Regarding ASyS pathogenesis, initiation of the disease seems to arise in a multifactorial context, with first lesions occurring within the lungs. This may lead to aberrant self-antigen exposure and tolerance breakdown. The consequences are abnormal activation of both innate and adaptive immunity, resulting in the patients with favourable genetic background to autoimmune-mediated organ lesions. Immune and nonimmune roles of the antigen, as well as antigen presentation leading to specific T-cell and B-cell activation and to the production of specific autoantibodies belong to the disease process. SUMMARY This work aims to detail ASyS pathogenesis understanding, from initiation to the disease propagation and target tissue lesions, in order to considering future treatment directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Gallay
- Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Edouard Herriot, Hospices Civils de Lyon.,INMG, CNRS UMR 5310 - INSERM U1217, University Claude Bernard, Lyon 1
| | - Catherine Gayed
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses
| | - Baptiste Hervier
- Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie Université Paris 06, INSERM U1135, CNRS ERL8255, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses.,Département de Médecine Interne et Immunologie Clinique, Centre National de Référence des Maladies Musculaires, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
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