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Zhang W, Zhong Y, Wang Z, Tang F, Zheng C. Apple polysaccharide improves age-matched cognitive impairment and intestinal aging through microbiota-gut-brain axis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16215. [PMID: 39003416 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67132-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The Apple polysaccharides (AP), extracted from the fruit of apple, has been used to treat multiple pathological diseases. In this study, we evaluated the effects of AP on cognitive impairment and intestinal aging in naturally aging mice. As a result, it was found that AP could improve spatial learning and memory impairment in aging mice through the Morris water maze experiment. Additionally, AP intervention can upregulate the expression of nerve growth factor (BDNF), postsynaptic marker (PSD95), and presynaptic marker (SYP) proteins. Moreover, AP can enhance total antioxidant capacity, reduce the level of pro-inflammatory cytokine, and inhibit the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway, exerting anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions. And the administration of AP restored intestinal mucosal barrier function, reduced the expression of aging and apoptosis related proteins. The administration of AP also altered the gut microbiota of mice. At the genus level, AP decreased the abundance of Helicobacter and Bilophila, while increased the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bacteroides. In summary, these data demonstrate that AP treatment can alleviate cognitive impairment, oxidative stress, and inflammatory reactions, repair the intestinal mucosal barrier, reduce intestinal aging, and alter specific microbial characteristics, ultimately improving the health of the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenming Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330000, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchun Zhong
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330000, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhuoya Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Furui Tang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Cihua Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 330000, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
- The Institute of Translational Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang University, 1 Minde Road, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
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Karabayas M, Ibrahim HE, Roelofs AJ, Reynolds G, Kidder D, De Bari C. Vascular disease persistence in giant cell arteritis: are stromal cells neglected? Ann Rheum Dis 2024:ard-2023-225270. [PMID: 38684323 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-225270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Giant cell arteritis (GCA), the most common systemic vasculitis, is characterised by aberrant interactions between infiltrating and resident cells of the vessel wall. Ageing and breach of tolerance are prerequisites for GCA development, resulting in dendritic and T-cell dysfunction. Inflammatory cytokines polarise T-cells, activate resident macrophages and synergistically enhance vascular inflammation, providing a loop of autoreactivity. These events originate in the adventitia, commonly regarded as the biological epicentre of the vessel wall, with additional recruitment of cells that infiltrate and migrate towards the intima. Thus, GCA-vessels exhibit infiltrates across the vascular layers, with various cytokines and growth factors amplifying the pathogenic process. These events activate ineffective repair mechanisms, where dysfunctional vascular smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts phenotypically shift along their lineage and colonise the intima. While high-dose glucocorticoids broadly suppress these inflammatory events, they cause well known deleterious effects. Despite the emerging targeted therapeutics, disease relapse remains common, affecting >50% of patients. This may reflect a discrepancy between systemic and local mediators of inflammation. Indeed, temporal arteries and aortas of GCA-patients can show immune-mediated abnormalities, despite the treatment induced clinical remission. The mechanisms of persistence of vascular disease in GCA remain elusive. Studies in other chronic inflammatory diseases point to the fibroblasts (and their lineage cells including myofibroblasts) as possible orchestrators or even effectors of disease chronicity through interactions with immune cells. Here, we critically review the contribution of immune and stromal cells to GCA pathogenesis and analyse the molecular mechanisms by which these would underpin the persistence of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maira Karabayas
- Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Hafeez E Ibrahim
- Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Anke J Roelofs
- Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Gary Reynolds
- Centre for Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dana Kidder
- Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Cosimo De Bari
- Centre for Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Palamidas DA, Chatzis L, Papadaki M, Gissis I, Kambas K, Andreakos E, Goules AV, Tzioufas AG. Current Insights into Tissue Injury of Giant Cell Arteritis: From Acute Inflammatory Responses towards Inappropriate Tissue Remodeling. Cells 2024; 13:430. [PMID: 38474394 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is an autoimmune disease affecting large vessels in patients over 50 years old. It is an exemplary model of a classic inflammatory disorder with IL-6 playing the leading role. The main comorbidities that may appear acutely or chronically are vascular occlusion leading to blindness and thoracic aorta aneurysm formation, respectively. The tissue inflammatory bulk is expressed as acute or chronic delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions, the latter being apparent by giant cell formation. The activated monocytes/macrophages are associated with pronounced Th1 and Th17 responses. B-cells and neutrophils also participate in the inflammatory lesion. However, the exact order of appearance and mechanistic interactions between cells are hindered by the lack of cellular and molecular information from early disease stages and accurate experimental models. Recently, senescent cells and neutrophil extracellular traps have been described in tissue lesions. These structures can remain in tissues for a prolonged period, potentially favoring inflammatory responses and tissue remodeling. In this review, current advances in GCA pathogenesis are discussed in different inflammatory phases. Through the description of these-often overlapping-phases, cells, molecules, and small lipid mediators with pathogenetic potential are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Anastasios Palamidas
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Loukas Chatzis
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Papadaki
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ilias Gissis
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Evangelismos General Hospital, 11473 Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kambas
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Immunology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelos Andreakos
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas V Goules
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Tzioufas
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
- Research Institute for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, 11527 Athens, Greece
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Veroutis D, Argyropoulou OD, Goules AV, Kambas K, Palamidas DA, Evangelou K, Havaki S, Polyzou A, Valakos D, Xingi E, Karatza E, Boki KA, Cavazza A, Kittas C, Thanos D, Ricordi C, Marvisi C, Muratore F, Galli E, Croci S, Salvarani C, Gorgoulis VG, Tzioufas AG. Senescent cells in giant cell arteritis display an inflammatory phenotype participating in tissue injury via IL-6-dependent pathways. Ann Rheum Dis 2024; 83:342-350. [PMID: 38050005 DOI: 10.1136/ard-2023-224467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Age is the strongest risk factor of giant cell arteritis (GCA), implying a possible pathogenetic role of cellular senescence. To address this question, we applied an established senescence specific multimarker algorithm in temporal artery biopsies (TABs) of GCA patients. METHODS 75(+) TABs from GCA patients, 22(-) TABs from polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) patients and 10(-) TABs from non-GCA/non-PMR patients were retrospectively retrieved and analysed. Synovial tissue specimens from patients with inflammatory arthritis and aorta tissue were used as disease control samples. Senescent cells and their histological origin were identified with specific cellular markers; IL-6 and MMP-9 were investigated as components of the senescent associated secretory phenotype by triple costaining. GCA or PMR artery culture supernatants were applied to fibroblasts, HUVECs and monocytes with or without IL-6R blocking agent to explore the induction of IL-6-associated cellular senescence. RESULTS Senescent cells were present in GCA arteries at higher proportion compared with PMR (9.50% vs 2.66%, respectively, p<0.0001) and were mainly originated from fibroblasts, macrophages and endothelial cells. IL-6 was expressed by senescent fibroblasts, and macrophages while MMP-9 by senescent fibroblasts only. IL-6(+) senescent cells were associated with the extension of vascular inflammation (transmural inflammation vs adventitia limited disease: 10.02% vs 4.37%, respectively, p<0.0001). GCA but not PMR artery culture supernatant could induce IL-6-associated senescence that was partially inhibited by IL-6R blockade. CONCLUSIONS Senescent cells with inflammatory phenotype are present in GCA arteries and are associated with the tissue inflammatory bulk, suggesting a potential implication in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitris Veroutis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ourania D Argyropoulou
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas V Goules
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Research Institute for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Athens, Greece
- Joint Rheumatology Program, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Kambas
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Department of Immunology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Anastasios Palamidas
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Research Institute for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Evangelou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Havaki
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Polyzou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Valakos
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Xingi
- Light Microscopy Unit, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - Elli Karatza
- Second Propaedeutic Department of Surgery, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriaki A Boki
- Rheumatology Unit, Sismanoglion Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Alberto Cavazza
- Unit of Pathology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Christos Kittas
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Thanos
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Caterina Ricordi
- Unit of Rheumatology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, and University of Modena, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Marvisi
- Unit of Rheumatology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, and University of Modena, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Francesco Muratore
- Unit of Rheumatology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, and University of Modena, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Elena Galli
- Unit of Rheumatology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, and University of Modena, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Stefania Croci
- Unit of Clinical Immunology, Allergy and Advanced Biotechnologies, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Carlo Salvarani
- Unit of Rheumatology, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, and University of Modena, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Medicine, Dentistry and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
- Molecular and Clinical Cancer Sciences, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanasios G Tzioufas
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Research Institute for Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Athens, Greece
- Joint Rheumatology Program, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- Center of stratified medicine in autoimmune and rheumatic diseases, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
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