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Bliznakova K, Milev M, Dukov N, Atanasova V, Yordanova M, Bliznakov Z. Pilot Study on the Development and Integration of Anthropomorphic Models within the Dental Technician Curriculum. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:91. [PMID: 38668003 PMCID: PMC11049345 DOI: 10.3390/dj12040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of modern medical education largely depends on the integration and utilization of digital technologies in teaching various disciplines. In this pilot usability study, we introduced 3D printed anthropomorphic dental models, specifically designed for the elective discipline "Digital and Metal-Free Techniques in Dental Technology" from the curriculum of the Dental Technician specialty in the Medical University of Varna. The evaluation focused on dental technician students' perception of this novel learning environment, its influence on their performance, and the potential for future application of these models and related 3D technologies in their professional practice. A validated satisfaction questionnaire was distributed among 80 students, comprising the total cohort. The results indicated a high acceptance rate, with nearly 95% of participants finding the use of digitally created 3D-printed dental models beneficial. More than 90% believed that exploring digital technologies would enhance their skills. The well-trained instructor's competence in technology use convinced students of its value, with more than 98% expressing a willingness to incorporate these technologies into their future work for improved precision in dental models. However, due to the current high cost of needed equipment, only 10% of participants may practicably introduce this novel technology into their practical work. The use of anatomically accurate 3D printed models is a valuable addition to the current dental technician curriculum in medical colleges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Bliznakova
- Faculty of Public Health, Medical University–Varna Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria; (N.D.); (V.A.); (Z.B.)
| | - Minko Milev
- Medical College, Medical University–Varna Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria; (M.M.); (M.Y.)
| | - Nikolay Dukov
- Faculty of Public Health, Medical University–Varna Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria; (N.D.); (V.A.); (Z.B.)
| | - Virginia Atanasova
- Faculty of Public Health, Medical University–Varna Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria; (N.D.); (V.A.); (Z.B.)
| | - Mariana Yordanova
- Medical College, Medical University–Varna Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria; (M.M.); (M.Y.)
| | - Zhivko Bliznakov
- Faculty of Public Health, Medical University–Varna Prof. Dr. Paraskev Stoyanov, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria; (N.D.); (V.A.); (Z.B.)
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Chetan D, Valverde I, Yoo SJ. 3D Printed Models in Cardiology Training. JACC. ADVANCES 2024; 3:100893. [PMID: 38939682 PMCID: PMC11198327 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacadv.2024.100893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Devin Chetan
- Division of Cardiology, Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Israel Valverde
- Division of Cardiology, Labatt Family Heart Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shi-Joon Yoo
- Division of Cardiac Imaging, Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Cattapan C, Guariento A, Bertelli F, Galliotto F, Vazzoler C, Magagna P, Gerosa G, Vida V. The introduction of surgical simulation on three-dimensional-printed models in the cardiac surgery curriculum: an experimental project. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2024; 25:165-172. [PMID: 38149703 PMCID: PMC10836787 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Training in congenital cardiac surgery has become more and more difficult because of the reduced opportunities for trainees in the operating room and the high patient anatomical variability. The aim of this study was to perform a pilot evaluation of surgical simulation on a simple 3D-printed heart model in training of young surgeons and its potential inclusion in the curriculum of residency programs. METHODS A group of 11 residents performed a surgical correction of aortic coarctation using a 3D-printed surgical model. After teaching the surgical procedure, a simulation was performed twice, at different times, and was evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively by a senior surgeon. A 3D model-based training program was then developed and incorporated into our cardiac surgery training program. RESULTS A significant improvement in surgical technique was observed between the first and second surgical simulations: median of 65% [interquartile range (IQR) = 61-70%] vs. 83% (IQR = 82-91%, P < 0.001). The median time required to run the simulation was significantly shorter during the second simulation: 39 min (IQR = 33-40) vs. 45 min (IQR = 37-48; P = 0.02). Regarding the simulation program, a basic and an advanced program were developed, including a total of 40 different simulated procedures divided into 12 sessions. CONCLUSION Surgical simulation using 3D-printing technology can be an extremely valuable tool to improve surgical training in congenital heart disease. Our pilot study can represent the first step towards the creation of an integrated training system on 3D-printed models of congenital and acquired heart diseases in other Italian residency programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cattapan
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padua
| | - Alvise Guariento
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padua
| | - Francesco Bertelli
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padua
| | - Francesco Galliotto
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padua
| | - Carlotta Vazzoler
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padua
| | - Paolo Magagna
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Dipartimento Strutturale Cardio-vascolare, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza
| | - Gino Gerosa
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences, and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Vladimiro Vida
- Pediatric and Congenital Cardiac Surgery Unit, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences, University of Padua, Padua
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Tarca A, Woo N, Bain S, Crouchley D, McNulty E, Yim D. 3D Printed Cardiac Models as an Adjunct to Traditional Teaching of Anatomy in Congenital Heart Disease-A Randomised Controlled Study. Heart Lung Circ 2023; 32:1443-1450. [PMID: 38007317 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2023.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Three-dimensional (3D) printed cardiac models are increasingly being used for medical education, simulation and training, communication, surgical planning and research. Given the complexities of congenital cardiac anatomy, 3D printing is well suited as an adjunct to traditional teaching methods. This study aims to explore the influence of 3D printed cardiac models as a teaching aid for nurses and paediatric trainees. We hypothesise that using 3D models as an adjunct to didactic teaching methods improves knowledge and confidence levels of participants, regardless of their cardiology experience. METHOD A prospective randomised study was performed recruiting paediatric nurses and doctors at a tertiary paediatric hospital. All participants undertook traditional congenital cardiac teaching describing normal cardiac anatomy and seven congenital lesions of increasing complexity (atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, vascular ring, partial anomalous pulmonary venous return, tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of the great arteries, and double outlet right ventricle). The intervention group received an additional recorded demonstration while handling 3D printed models of a normal heart and the same lesions. Pre- and post-intervention assessments were completed using a subjective Likert-scale questionnaire and objective multiple-choice examination. RESULTS A total of 73 health practitioners (30 cardiac nurses and 43 paediatric trainees) were included. Subjective knowledge and confidence levels substantially improved in the intervention group (both p<0.001), with no differences observed in the control group. Greater improvement in both subjective and objective post-test scores was observed in the intervention group. A pronounced difference between pre- and post-teaching objective examination scores was found in both groups (p=0.002), with larger improvements observed in the intervention group. The mean score in the intervention group after teaching increased by 4.27 (21.4% improvement), as opposed to 2.28 (11.4% improvement) in the control group. There was no difference in pre-test score or post-test improvement based on previous cardiology experience. DISCUSSION Three-dimensional (3D) printed cardiac models, when used as an adjunct to traditional teaching methods, substantially improve knowledge and confidence levels of health professionals on a range of congenital cardiac lesions. These models enhance the learners' educational experience and understanding of cardiac anatomy by overcoming the limitation of two-dimensional representations of 3D structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Tarca
- Children's Cardiac Centre, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ngai Woo
- Children's Cardiac Centre, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Shahira Bain
- Nursing Education, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - David Crouchley
- Children's Cardiac Centre, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Eamonn McNulty
- Medical Illustrations, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Deane Yim
- Children's Cardiac Centre, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Luxford JC, Cheng TL, Mervis J, Anderson J, Clarke J, Croker S, Nusem E, Bray L, Gunasekera H, Scott KM. An Opportunity to See the Heart Defect Physically: Medical Student Experiences of Technology-Enhanced Learning with 3D Printed Models of Congenital Heart Disease. MEDICAL SCIENCE EDUCATOR 2023; 33:1095-1107. [PMID: 37886275 PMCID: PMC10597946 DOI: 10.1007/s40670-023-01840-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is increasingly used in medical education and paediatric cardiology. A technology-enhanced learning (TEL) module was designed to accompany 3D printed models of congenital heart disease (CHD) to aid in the teaching of medical students. There are few studies evaluating the attitudes and perceptions of medical students regarding their experience of learning about CHD using 3D printing. This study aimed to explore senior medical students' experiences in learning about paediatric cardiology through a workshop involving 3D printed models of CHD supported by TEL in the form of online case-based learning. A mixed-methods evaluation was undertaken involving a post-workshop questionnaire (n = 94 students), and focus groups (n = 16 students). Focus group and free-text questionnaire responses underwent thematic analysis. Questionnaire responses demonstrated widespread user satisfaction; 91 (97%) students agreed that the workshop was a valuable experience. The highest-level satisfaction was for the physical 3D printed models, the clinical case-based learning, and opportunity for peer collaboration. Thematic analysis identified five key themes: a variable experience of prior learning, interplay between physical and online models, flexible and novel workshop structure, workshop supported the learning outcomes, and future opportunities for learning using 3D printing. A key novel finding was that students indicated the module increased their confidence to teach others about CHD and recommended expansion to other parts of the curriculum. 3D printed models of CHD are a valuable learning resource and contribute to the richness and enjoyment of medical student learning, with widespread satisfaction. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40670-023-01840-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack C. Luxford
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Children’s Hospital Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
- Heart Centre for Children, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tegan L. Cheng
- Sydney School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
- EPIC Lab, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jonathan Mervis
- Heart Centre for Children, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jennifer Anderson
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Children’s Hospital Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Jillian Clarke
- Discipline of Medical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Sarah Croker
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Erez Nusem
- School of Architecture, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD Australia
| | - Liam Bray
- Faculty of Architecture, Design and Planning, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Hasantha Gunasekera
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Children’s Hospital Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
| | - Karen M. Scott
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Children’s Hospital Westmead Clinical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW Australia
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Alifu A, Wang H, Su Y, Chen R. Case report: Use of three-dimensional technology in criss-cross heart with double outlet right ventricle. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1172104. [PMID: 37215548 PMCID: PMC10196189 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1172104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In this case report, we utilized a three-dimensional printing model to replicate the complex anatomy of a criss-cross heart with double outlet right ventricle-an extremely rare congenital cardiac abnormality. This approach facilitated our understanding of the patient's unique condition and enabled us to plan the surgical procedure with greater precision. Case presentation Our department received a 13-year-old female patient who presented with a pronounced heart murmur and a decrease in exercise capacity. Subsequent two-dimensional imaging revealed the presence of a criss-cross heart with double outlet right ventricle-an intricate and uncommon cardiac malformation that poses challenges for accurate visualization through conventional two-dimensional modalities. To address this challenge, we constructed and printed a three-dimensional model using computed tomography data, which enabled us to visualize and understand the complex intracardiac structures and plan surgical interventions with greater precision. Using this approach, we successfully performed a right ventricular double outlet repair, and the patient made a full recovery following the procedure. Conclusion The criss-cross heart with double outlet right ventricle constitutes a complex and uncommon cardiac anomaly that poses considerable challenges in terms of diagnosis and surgical intervention. Employing three-dimensional modeling and printing represents a promising approach, given its potential to enhance the precision and comprehensiveness of the anatomical evaluation of the heart. As a result, this method holds significant promise in facilitating accurate diagnosis, meticulous surgical planning, and ultimately improving clinical outcomes for patients affected by this condition.
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Sun Z, Wong YH, Yeong CH. Patient-Specific 3D-Printed Low-Cost Models in Medical Education and Clinical Practice. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:464. [PMID: 36838164 PMCID: PMC9959835 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
3D printing has been increasingly used for medical applications with studies reporting its value, ranging from medical education to pre-surgical planning and simulation, assisting doctor-patient communication or communication with clinicians, and the development of optimal computed tomography (CT) imaging protocols. This article presents our experience of utilising a 3D-printing facility to print a range of patient-specific low-cost models for medical applications. These models include personalized models in cardiovascular disease (from congenital heart disease to aortic aneurysm, aortic dissection and coronary artery disease) and tumours (lung cancer, pancreatic cancer and biliary disease) based on CT data. Furthermore, we designed and developed novel 3D-printed models, including a 3D-printed breast model for the simulation of breast cancer magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and calcified coronary plaques for the simulation of extensive calcifications in the coronary arteries. Most of these 3D-printed models were scanned with CT (except for the breast model which was scanned using MRI) for investigation of their educational and clinical value, with promising results achieved. The models were confirmed to be highly accurate in replicating both anatomy and pathology in different body regions with affordable costs. Our experience of producing low-cost and affordable 3D-printed models highlights the feasibility of utilizing 3D-printing technology in medical education and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Sun
- Discipline of Medical Radiation Science, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute (CHIRI), Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia
- School of Medicine and Medical Advancement for Better Quality of Life Impact Lab, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Yin How Wong
- School of Medicine and Medical Advancement for Better Quality of Life Impact Lab, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
| | - Chai Hong Yeong
- School of Medicine and Medical Advancement for Better Quality of Life Impact Lab, Taylor’s University, Subang Jaya 47500, Malaysia
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Patient-Specific 3D-Printed Models in Pediatric Congenital Heart Disease. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10020319. [PMID: 36832448 PMCID: PMC9955978 DOI: 10.3390/children10020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology has become increasingly used in the medical field, with reports demonstrating its superior advantages in both educational and clinical value when compared with standard image visualizations or current diagnostic approaches. Patient-specific or personalized 3D printed models serve as a valuable tool in cardiovascular disease because of the difficulty associated with comprehending cardiovascular anatomy and pathology on 2D flat screens. Additionally, the added value of using 3D-printed models is especially apparent in congenital heart disease (CHD), due to its wide spectrum of anomalies and its complexity. This review provides an overview of 3D-printed models in pediatric CHD, with a focus on educational value for medical students or graduates, clinical applications such as pre-operative planning and simulation of congenital heart surgical procedures, and communication between physicians and patients/parents of patients and between colleagues in the diagnosis and treatment of CHD. Limitations and perspectives on future research directions for the application of 3D printing technology into pediatric cardiology practice are highlighted.
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López-Ojeda W, Hurley RA. Digital Innovation in Neuroanatomy: Three-Dimensional (3D) Image Processing and Printing for Medical Curricula and Health Care. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 35:206-209. [PMID: 37448309 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20230072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilfredo López-Ojeda
- Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC) and Research and Academic Affairs Service Line, W.G. Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, N.C. (López-Ojeda, Hurley); Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine (López-Ojeda, Hurley) and Radiology (Hurley), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C.; Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Hurley)
| | - Robin A Hurley
- Veterans Affairs Mid-Atlantic Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC) and Research and Academic Affairs Service Line, W.G. Hefner Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salisbury, N.C. (López-Ojeda, Hurley); Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine (López-Ojeda, Hurley) and Radiology (Hurley), Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, N.C.; Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston (Hurley)
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Lau I, Gupta A, Ihdayhid A, Sun Z. Clinical Applications of Mixed Reality and 3D Printing in Congenital Heart Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1548. [PMID: 36358899 PMCID: PMC9687840 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the anatomical features and generation of realistic three-dimensional (3D) visualization of congenital heart disease (CHD) is always challenging due to the complexity and wide spectrum of CHD. Emerging technologies, including 3D printing and mixed reality (MR), have the potential to overcome these limitations based on 2D and 3D reconstructions of the standard DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) images. However, very little research has been conducted with regard to the clinical value of these two novel technologies in CHD. This study aims to investigate the usefulness and clinical value of MR and 3D printing in assisting diagnosis, medical education, pre-operative planning, and intraoperative guidance of CHD surgeries through evaluations from a group of cardiac specialists and physicians. Two cardiac computed tomography angiography scans that demonstrate CHD of different complexities (atrial septal defect and double outlet right ventricle) were selected and converted into 3D-printed heart models (3DPHM) and MR models. Thirty-four cardiac specialists and physicians were recruited. The results showed that the MR models were ranked as the best modality amongst the three, and were significantly better than DICOM images in demonstrating complex CHD lesions (mean difference (MD) = 0.76, p = 0.01), in enhancing depth perception (MD = 1.09, p = 0.00), in portraying spatial relationship between cardiac structures (MD = 1.15, p = 0.00), as a learning tool of the pathology (MD = 0.91, p = 0.00), and in facilitating pre-operative planning (MD = 0.87, p = 0.02). The 3DPHM were ranked as the best modality and significantly better than DICOM images in facilitating communication with patients (MD = 0.99, p = 0.00). In conclusion, both MR models and 3DPHM have their own strengths in different aspects, and they are superior to standard DICOM images in the visualization and management of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Lau
- Discipline of Medical Radiation Science, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Ashu Gupta
- Department of Medical Imaging, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Abdul Ihdayhid
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
- Department of Cardiology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA 6150, Australia
| | - Zhonghua Sun
- Discipline of Medical Radiation Science, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
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Sun Z, Wee C. 3D Printed Models in Cardiovascular Disease: An Exciting Future to Deliver Personalized Medicine. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1575. [PMID: 36295929 PMCID: PMC9610217 DOI: 10.3390/mi13101575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
3D printing has shown great promise in medical applications with increased reports in the literature. Patient-specific 3D printed heart and vascular models replicate normal anatomy and pathology with high accuracy and demonstrate superior advantages over the standard image visualizations for improving understanding of complex cardiovascular structures, providing guidance for surgical planning and simulation of interventional procedures, as well as enhancing doctor-to-patient communication. 3D printed models can also be used to optimize CT scanning protocols for radiation dose reduction. This review article provides an overview of the current status of using 3D printing technology in cardiovascular disease. Limitations and barriers to applying 3D printing in clinical practice are emphasized while future directions are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Sun
- Discipline of Medical Radiation Science, Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia
| | - Cleo Wee
- Curtin Medical School, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia
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Frei M, Reymond P, Wacker J, van Steenberghe M, Beghetti M, Sologashvili T, Vallée JP. Three-dimensional printed moulds to obtain silicone hearts with congenital defects for paediatric heart-surgeon training. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2022; 65:ezae079. [PMID: 38445719 PMCID: PMC10942813 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezae079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Many types of congenital heart disease are amenable to surgical repair or palliation. The procedures are often challenging and require specific surgical training, with limited real-life exposure and often costly simulation options. Our objective was to create realistic and affordable 3D simulation models of the heart and vessels to improve training. METHODS We created moulded vessel models using several materials, to identify the material that best replicated human vascular tissue. This material was then used to make more vessels to train residents in cannulation procedures. Magnetic resonance imaging views of a 23-month-old patient with double-outlet right ventricle were segmented using free open-source software. Re-usable moulds produced by 3D printing served to create a silicone model of the heart, with the same material as the vessels, which was used by a heart surgeon to simulate a Rastelli procedure. RESULTS The best material was a soft elastic silicone (Shore A hardness 8). Training on the vessel models decreased the residents' procedural time and improved their grades on a performance rating scale. The surgeon evaluated the moulded heart model as realistic and was able to perform the Rastelli procedure on it. Even if the valves were poorly represented, it was found to be useful for preintervention training. CONCLUSIONS By using free segmentation software, a relatively low-cost silicone and a technique based on re-usable moulds, the cost of obtaining heart models suitable for training in congenital heart defect surgery can be substantially decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Frei
- Radiology Clinics, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Reymond
- Charles Hahn Hemodynamic Propulsion Laboratory, Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julie Wacker
- Department of Women, Children and Adolescents, Paediatric Specialties Service, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Mathieu van Steenberghe
- Charles Hahn Hemodynamic Propulsion Laboratory, Medical Faculty, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Maurice Beghetti
- Department of Women, Children and Adolescents, Paediatric Specialties Service, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Tornike Sologashvili
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Paul Vallée
- Radiology Clinics, Diagnostic Department, Geneva University Hospital and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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